5

CHAPTER

ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSIONS

Syllabus

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 Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression. Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms

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of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

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Chapter Analysis

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2016 2017 2018

List of Topics Delhi Outside Foreign Delhi Outside Foreign Delhi

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Delhi Delhi &
Outside Delhi
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Terms of AP 1 Q (2 M) 1 Q (1 M) 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (1 M) 1 Q (2 M) 1 Q (1 M)
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1 Q (1 M) 1 Q (2 M) 1 Q (1 M) 1 Q (2 M)
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Sum of AP 1 Q (2 M) 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (2 M) 1 Q (4 M) 1 Q (2 M)
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Sum of the series 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (3 M)

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Word Problem on AP 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (3 M) 1 Q (4 M)
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1 Q (4 M) 1 Q (4 M)
1 Q (2 M)
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TOPIC-1
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To Find nth Term of the Arithmetic Progression

Revision Notes
 An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers in which each term TOPIC - 1
is obtained by adding a fixed number d to the preceding term, except the To Find nth Term of the Arithmetic
first term. Progression
 The difference between the two successive terms of an A.P. is called the ... P. 86
common difference. TOPIC - 2
 Each number in the sequence of arithmetic progression is called a term Sum of n Terms of an Arithmetic
of an A.P. Progression
.... P. 97
 The arithmetic progression having finite number of terms is called a
finite arithmetic progression.
 The arithmetic progression having infinite number of terms is called an infinite arithmetic progression.
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 87
 A list of numbers a1, a2, a3, …… is an A.P., if the differences a2 – a1, a3 – a2, a4 – a3, … give the same value i.e., ak+1 – ak
is same for all different values of k.
 The general form of an A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, …..
 If the A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d,………, l is reversed to l, l – d, l – 2d, ………, a, the common difference changes to negative
of original sequence common difference.

Know the Formulae

 The general term of an A.P. is expressed as :
an = a + (n – 1)d. ......... from the starting.
where, a is the first term and d is the common difference.
 The general term of an A.P. l, l – d, l – 2d,…….., a is given by :
an = l + (n – 1)(– d) = l – (n – 1)d .......... from the end.
where, l is the last term, d is the common difference and n is the number of terms.

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Know the Terms

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 A sequence is defined as an ordered list of numbers.
The first, second and third terms of a sequence are denoted by t1, t2 and t3 respectively.

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 If the terms of sequence are connected with plus (+) or minus (–), the pattern is called a series.
Example : 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ........ is a series.

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 The sequence of numbers 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,...... was discovered by a famous Italian Mathematician Leonasalo
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Fibonacci, when he was dealing with the problem of rabbit population.

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 If the terms of a sequence or a series are written under specific conditions, then the sequence or series is called a
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progression.
 If a constant is added or subtracted from each term of an A.P., the resulting sequence is also an A.P.
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 If each term of an A.P. is multiplied or divided by a constant, the resulting sequence is also an A.P.
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 If the nth term is in linear form i.e., an + b = an, the sequence is in A.P.
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 If the terms are selected at a regular interval, the given sequence is in A.P.
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 If three consecutive number a, b and c are in A.P., the sum two numbers is twice the middle number i.e., 2b = a +
c.
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R E E N B O ARD
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How it is done on G
Q. Which term of the A.P. 6, 13, 20, 27, ...... is 98 more Step III : Now according to question,
than its 24th term ? U
a24 + 98 = an
Sol. Step I : The given A.P. is 6, 13, 20, 27, .......... 167 + 98 = a + (n – 1)d
Here first term, a = 6 265 = 6 + (n – 1)7
Common difference, d = 13 – 6 = 7 259 = (n – 1)7
Step II : The 24th term, a24 = a + (24 – 1)d
259
=n–1
or, a24 = 6 + 23 × 7 7
a24 = 6 + 161 37 = n – 1
a24 = 167 or n = 38
th
Hence, 38 term is the required term.
88 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, mathematics, Class – X

Objective Type Questions (1 mark each)

[A] Multiple Choice Questions : (a) –20 (b) 20

Q. 1. 30th term of the A. P., : 10, 7, 4,………, is : (c) –30 (d) 30
(a) 97 (b) 77  R [NCERT Exemp.]
(c) –77 (d) –87
Sol. Correct option : (b)
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
Explanation : In the given A.P.,
Sol. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 10 and d = 7 – 10 a = –5, d = − 5 − ( −5) = 5 , n = 11
2 2
= –3
 5
Thus, the 30th term is t30 = 10 + (30 − 1) ( −3) = −77 tn = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ t11 = −5 + (11 − 1)   ⇒ t11 = 20
 2
1
Q. 2. 11th term of the A.P., : −3 , − 2 , 2 , ... is : Q. 7. The first four terms of an A.P., whose first term is
(a) 28 (b) 22 –2 and the common difference is –2, are :

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(a) – 2, 0, 2, 4 (b) – 2, 4, – 8, 16
1
(c) –38 (d) −48

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(c) – 2, – 4, – 6, – 8 (d) – 2, – 4, – 8, –16
2
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
 U [NCERT Exemp.]

eg
Sol. Correct option : (c)
Sol. Correct option : (b) Explanation : In the given AP, a = –2, d = –2,

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Explanation : In the given A.P., a = –3 and d = tn = a + (n − 1) d
1 5
− +3= t1 = ( −2) + (1 − 1) ( −2) = −2
df
2 2
 5 t2 = ( −2) + ( 2 − 1) ( −2) = −4
Thus, the 11th term is t11 = −3 + (11 − 1)   = 22
sp

 2 t3 = ( −2) + (3 − 1) ( −2) = −6
Q. 3. In an A.P., if d = –4, n = 7, an = 4, then a is;
t4 = ( −2) + ( 4 − 1) ( −2) = −8
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(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 20 (d) 28 Q. 8. The 21st term of the A.P., whose first two terms are
–3 and 4 is :
pa

 R [NCERT Exemp.]
Sol. Correct option : (d) (a) 17 (b) 137
(c) 143 (d) –143
e

Explanation : In the given A.P., d = –4, n = 7, an = 4

pl

 R [NCERT Exemp.]
an = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ 4 = a + (7 − 1) ( −4) ⇒ a = 28
Sol. Correct option : (b)
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Q. 4. In an A.P., if a = 3.5, d = 0, n = 101, then an will be Explanation : In the given A.P., t1 = –3 and t2 = 4
(a) 0 (b) 3.5 ⇒ d = t2 − t1 = 4 − ( −3) = 7
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(c) 103.5 (d) 104.5

 tn = a + (n − 1) d
R [NCERT Exemp.]
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Sol. Correct option : (b) ⇒ t21 = ( −3) + ( 21 − 1)(7 ) = 137

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Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 3.5, d = 0, nd

Q. 9. If the 2 term of an A.P., is 13 and the 5th term is
n = 101
25, what is its 7th term?
an = a + (n − 1) d ⇒ an = 3.5 + (101 − 1) 0 ⇒ an = 3.5 (a) 30 (b) 33
Q. 5. The list of numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,…… is : (c) 37 (d) 38
(a) an A.P., with d = – 16  R [NCERT Exemp.]
(b) an A.P., with d = 4 Sol. Correct option : (b)
(c) an A.P., with d = – 4 Explanation : In the given A.P.,, t2 = 13 and t5 = 25
(d) not an A.P., U [NCERT Exemp.] a + d = 13
Sol. Correct option : (b) a + 4d = 25
Explanation : In the given numbers – 10, – 6, – 2, 2,… Solving these equations, we get a = 9 and d = 4
(−6) − (−10) = 4 Thus,
(−2) − (−6) = 4 tn = a + (n − 1) d
2 − ( −2) = 4 ⇒ ⇒ t7 = 9 + (7 − 1) 4 = 33
Since, ( −6) − ( −10) = ( −2) − ( −6) = 2 − ( −2) = 4 , Q. 10. Which term of the A.P., : 21, 42, 63, 84,... is 210?
thus, the given numbers are in AP with d = 4. (a) 9th (b) 10th
Q. 6. The 11th term of the A.P., : −5, − 5 , 0 , 5 ,... is : (c) 11th (d) 12th
2 2  R [NCERT Exemp.]
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 89
Sol. Correct option : (b) Q. 15. The 4th term from the end of the A.P., : –11, –8,
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 21, d = 42 – 21 = –5,..., 49 is :
21, and tn = 210 (a) 37 (b) 40
Thus, (c) 43 (d) 58
tn = a + (n − 1) d  R [NCERT Exemp.]
⇒ 210 = 21 + (n − 1) 21 Sol. Correct option : (b)
Explanation : In the given A.P., the last term l = 49
⇒ n = 10
and common difference d = –8 + 11 = 3
Q. 11. If the common difference of an A.P., is 5, then 4th term from last is t4 = 49 − ( 4 − 1) × 3 = 40
what is a18 – a13?
(a) 5 (b) 20 Q. 16. The common difference of the A.P. : 1 , 1 − p , 1 − 2 p
P P P
(c) 25 (d) 30
,... is :
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
(a) p (b) – p
Sol. Correct option : (c)
(c) – 1 (d) 1
Explanation : In the given A.P., d = 5 Thus,
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
a18 − a13 = a + 17d − a − 12d = 5d = 25

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Sol. Correct option : (c)
Q. 12. What is the common difference of an A.P., in Sol. Explanation : Common difference,

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which a18 – a14 = 32? 1− p 1
d = −

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(a) 8 (b) – 8 p p
(c) – 4 (d) 4
1− p−1

l
 R [NCERT Exemp.] =

te

Sol. Correct option : (a) p
Explanation : In the given A.P., a18 – a14 = 32
df
−p
Thus, = =–1
p
sp

a18 − a14 = 32
⇒ a + 17d − a − 13d = 32 [B] Very Short Answer Type Questions :
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⇒ 4d = 32 Q. 1. If the nth term of an A.P. – 1, 4, 9, 14, .... is 129. Find

⇒ d =8 the value of n.
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Q. 13. Two A.Ps. have the same common difference. The A [Board Outside Delhi Compt. Set I, II, III 2017]
first term of one of these is –1 and that of the other
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is – 8. Then the difference between their 4th terms Sol. Given, a = – 1 and d = 4 – (– 1) = 5
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is : an = – 1 + (n – 1) × 5 = 129 ½
or, (n – 1)5 = 130
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(a) –1 (b) – 8
(c) 7 (d) –9 (n – 1) = 26
 U [NCERT Exemp.] n = 27
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Sol. Correct option : (c) Hence, 27th term = 129. ½

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[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

Explanation : Let a1 and a2 be the first terms of the
two A.Ps. with the same common difference. Q. 2. Which of the term of A.P. 5, 2, –1,..... is – 49 ?
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Since a1 = –1 and a2 = –8, U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (31)]

t4 − t '4 = ( −1 + 3d ) − ( −8 + 3d ) = 7
Sol. Here, a = 5 and d = – 3
Q. 14. If 7 times the 7th term of an AP is equal to 11 times
 l = a + (n – 1)d
its 11th term, then its 18th term will be :
∴ – 49 = 5 + (n – 1)(– 3)
(a) 7 (b) 11 or, – 49 = 5 – 3n + 3
(c) 18 (d) 0 or, 3n = 49 + 5 + 3
 R [NCERT Exemp.] 57
or, n= = 19th term. 1
Sol. Correct option : (d) 3
Explanation : According to question, [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
7t7 = 117tt7 = 11t11 Q. 3. Find the first four terms of an A.P. whose first term
11

⇒ ⇒ 7 ( a + 76(da) += 611
d ()a=+11
10( ad )+ 10d ) is – 2 and common difference is – 2.
⇒ ⇒ 4a + 68 4ad+=68 0d = 0 U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (17)]
⇒ 4 ( ad +
⇒ 4 ( a + 17 ) =170d ) = 0 Sol. a1= – 2,
⇒ ⇒ (a + 17(ad +) =170d ) = 0 a2 = a1 + d = – 2 + (– 2) = – 4
⇒ ⇒ t18 = 0t18 = 0
90 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

a3 = a2 + d = – 4 + (– 2) = – 6 = 7
a4= a3 + d = – 6 + (– 2) = – 8
or,
Next term = 63 + 7
∴ First four terms are – 2, – 4, – 6 and – 8 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] or,
= 3 7+ 7 = 4 7
Q. 4. Find the tenth term of the sequence or, = 1
7 × 16
2 , 8 , 18 , ... . U [Board Sample paper, 2016]
= 112 .
Sol. Given sequence is an A.P.
Q. 8. Which term of the A.P. 8, 14, 20, 26, ....... will be 72
2 , 8 , 18 , ... more than its 41st term.
= 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 ... A [Board Outside Delhi Set-II 2017]
Sol. Given a = 8 and d = 6.
Hence, a= 2,d= 2 and n = 10 Let nth term be 72 more than its 41th term.

 an = a + (n – 1) d ∴ tn – t41 = 72
8 + (n – 1)6 – (8 + 40 × 6) = 72
or, a10 = 2 + (10 - 1) 2
8 + (n – 1)6 = 320

m
= 2 +9 2 (n – 1)6 = 312
n – 1 = 52

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= 10 2
n = 53 1

eg
Hence, a10 = 200 . 1 1 1 + m 1 + 2 m
Q. 9. Write the nth term of the A.P. , , , .....
m m m
Q. 5. In an A.P., if the common difference (d) = – 4, and

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the seventh term (a7) is 4, then find the first term. A [Board Outside Delhi Compt. Set-I, II, III 2017]
U [Delhi/OD. Set, 2018] 1
Sol. We have, a=
df
Sol. Since, a + 6(– 4) = 4 m
1+ m 1
sp

⇒ a = 28 1 d= − =1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] m m
r

Detailed Answer : 1
pe

\
an = + ( n − 1)1
Given d = – 4 and a7 = 4 m
Since, nth term of A.P. is 1 + ( n - 1) m
pa

1
Hence, an =
+n−1 = 1
an = a + (n – 1)d ½ m m
e

Then, a7 = a + (7 – 1)d [n = 7] −5 5
Q. 10. Find the 25th term of the A.P. – 5, 0, , .... .
pl

4 = a + 6(– 4) 2 2
am

a = 4 + 24 = 28 U [Foreign Set I, II, III, 2015]

Hence, first term of an A.P. = 28. ½
5 5
Q. 6. Is series 3 , 6 , 9 , 12 , ..... an A.P. ? Give reason. Sol. Here, a = – 5 and d = - - ( - 5) =
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2 2
U [Board Term-2, 2015]
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Since, nth term = a +(n – 1)d

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Sol. Common difference, 5

Then, 25th term = – 5 + (25 – 1) ×  
d= 6- 3 2

= 3 ( 2 -1 ) = – 5 + 60
= 55 1
Again, 9- 6 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
d=
Q. 11. The first three terms of an A.P. are 3y – 1, 3y + 5
= 3 - 6 and 5y + 1 respectively then find y.
= 12 - 9 = 2 3 - 3 A [Delhi CBSE Term-2, 2014]
As common difference are not equal. Sol. Given, 3y – 1, 3y + 5 and 5y + 1 in A.P.
Hence, the given series is not in A.P. ∴ (3y + 5) – (3y – 1) = (5y + 1) – (3y + 5)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 1 or, 3y + 5 – 3y + 1 = 5y + 1 – 3y – 5
or, 6 = 2y – 4
Q. 7. What is the next term of an A.P. 7 , 28 , 63 ,
or, 2y = 6 + 4
..... ? U [Foreign Set I, II, III, 2014]
10
or, y=
Sol. Here, a = 7 and a + d = 28 2

∴ d= 28 - 7 = 2 7 − 7 y =5 1
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 91
Q. 12. For what value of k will k + 9, 2k – 1 and 2k + 7 are the consecutive terms of an A.P. ?
C + A [Outside Delhi Set II, 2016]

Sol.

[Topper Answer, 2016]

Q. 13. What is the common difference of an A.P. in which a21 – a7 = 84 ? A [Board Outside Delhi Set-I, II, III, 2017]

Sol.

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l eg
te
df
[Topper Answer, 2017] 1
sp

Q. 14. In the A.P. 2, x, 26, then find the value of x.

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Sol. Here,
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C + A [Board Term-2, 2012(13)]

1 1 - 6q
a= and a + d =
Sol. Since, 2, x and 26 are in A.P. 3q 3q
pa

∴
x – 2 = 26 – x 1 - 6q 1
∴ d= -
e

or, 2x = 26 + 2 3q 3q
pl

28
1 - 6q - 1 - 6q
am

or, x= = 14 1
2 = = =–2 1
3q 3q

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
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[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2013] 1

Q. 15. If 18, a, b, – 3 are in A.P., then find a + b.
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Q. 17. Find the first four terms of an A.P. whose first term
A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (34)] is 3x + y and common difference is x – y.
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Sol. Since 18, a, b, and – 3 are in A.P., Then A [Board Term-2, 2012, Set (25)]

a – 18 = – 3 – b Sol. Given, a1 = 3x + y

or, a + b = – 3 + 18 a2 = a1 +d = 3x + y + x – y = 4x
a3 = a2 + d = 4x + x – y = 5x –y
or, a + b = 15 1
and a4 = a3 + d = 5x – y + x – y
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
= 6x – 2y
Q. 16. Find the common difference of the A.P. So, the four terms are 3x + y, 4x, 5x – y and 6x – 2y.
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] 1
1 1 − 6 q 1 − 12 q
, , ,...... .
3q 3q 3q
Q. 18. Find the 37th term of the A.P. x , 3 x , 5 x ,..... .
A [Board Term-2, Delhi 2013]
U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (50)]
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. No. 4 in VSATQ.
92 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)

Q. 1. Find, 100 is a term of the A.P. 25, 28, 31, ......... or Q. 5. In a certain A.P. 32th term is twice the 12th term.
not. U [Board Term-2, 2012 (12)] Prove that 70th term is twice the 31st term.
A [Board Term-2, 2015, 2012, Set 28]
Sol. 25, 28, 31, .......... 100. 1
a = 25 and d = 3 Sol. Let the 1st term be a and common difference be d.
Let the number of terms be ‘‘n’’. According to the question, a32 = 2a12
∴ 25 + (n – 1) × 3 = 100 ∴ a + 31d = 2(a + 11d)
or, (n – 1) × 3 = 75 ½ a + 31d = 2a + 22d
a = 9d 1
or, n = 26
Again, a70 = a + 69d
Hence, 100 is a term of the given A.P. ½ = 9d + 69d = 78d
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]  a31 = a + 30d
Q. 2. Is 184 a term of the sequence 3, 7, 11, ......... ? = 9d + 30d = 39d

m
Hence, a70 = 2a31 Hence Proved. 1
U [Board Term-2, 2012 (44)]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

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Sol. Here, a = 3 and d = 7 – 3 = 11 – 7 = 4 ½ Q. 6. The 8th term of an A.P. is zero. Prove that its 38th

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Since, an = a + (n – 1)d, term is triple of its 18th term.
Let an = 184 ½

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A [Board Term-2, 2012 (28)]

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Then, 184 = 3 + (n – 1) 4 ½
181 Sol. Given, a8= 0 or, a + 7d = 0 or, a = – 7d ½
df
or, =n–1 or, a38 = a + 37d
4
or, a38 = – 7d + 37d = 30d ½
sp

or, 45.25 = n – 1
And, a18 = a + 17d
or, 46.25 = n, it is not an whole numbers
r

= – 7d + 17d = 10d ½
pe

Hence, 184 is not a term of given A.P. ½ or, a38 = 30d = 3 × 10d = 3 × a18
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ∴ a38 = 3a18. Hence Proved. ½
pa

Q. 3. Find the 7th term from the end of A.P. 7, 10, 13, ........ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
184. [Delhi Set 2014] Q. 7. If five times the fifth term of an A.P. is equal to
e

A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (34)] eight times its eighth term, show that its 13th term
pl

Sol. Let us write A.P. in reverse order is zero. A [Board Term-2, 2012 (13)]
am

i.e., 184, ........ 13, 10, 7. ½ Sol. Let the first term be a and common difference d.
d = 7 – 10 = – 3 ½ Given 5a5 = 8a8
ls

a = 184, n = 7 or, 5(a + 4d) = 8(a + 7d) 1

l7 = a + 6d or, 5a + 20d = 8a + 56d
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l7 = 184 + 6 (– 3) or, 3a + 36d = 0

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= 184 – 18 = 166. ½ or, 3(a + 12d) = 0

Hence, 166 is the 7th term from the end. ½ or, a + 12d = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014, 2012] ∴ a13 = 0. 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Q. 4. Which term of the A.P. 3, 12, 21, 30..... will be 90 Q. 8. The fifth term of an A.P. is 20 and the sum of its
more than its 50th term. seventh and eleventh terms is 64. Find the common
A [Board Compt. Set-III 2017] difference. A [Foreign Set II, 2015]

Sol. Given, a = 3 and d = 9 Sol. Let the first term be a and common difference be d.
Q an = a + (n – 1)d 1 Then, a +4d = 20 ...(i) ½
\ a50 = 3 + 49 × 9 = 444 and a + 6d + a + 10d = 64
Now, an – a50 = 90 ½ a + 8d = 32 ...(ii)1
3 + (n – 1)9 – 444 = 90 Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
(n – 1)9 = 90 + 441 Hence, common difference, d = 3 ½
531 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
(n – 1) = = 59 Q. 9. The ninth term of an A.P. is – 32 and the sum of
9
its eleventh and thirteenth term is – 94. Find the
n = 59 + 1 = 60 ½ common difference of the A.P. .
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] A [Foreign Set III, 2015]
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 93
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 8. in SATQ-I Sol. Since, (2x + 1) – (x + 3) = (x – 7) – (2x + 1) 1
Q. 10. The seventeenth term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th or, 2x + 1 – x – 3 = x – 7 – 2x – 1
term by 7. Find the common difference.
or, x–2 =–x–8 ½
A [Board Term-2, 2015, 14] or, 2x = – 6
Sol. Let the first term be a and common difference be d. or, x = – 3. ½
Here, a17 = a + 16d and a10 = a + 9d [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Given that, Q. 16. Find how many integers between 200 and 500 are
a + 16d = a + 9d + 7 1 divisible by 8.
or, 16d – 9d = 7 A [Board Delhi compt. Set-I, II III 2017]
or, 7d = 7 Sol. Integers divisible by 8 are 208, 216, 224, ......, 496. 1
or, d =1 Which is an A.P.
∴ The common difference, d = 1. 1 Given a = 208, d = 8 and l = 496
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Let the numbers of terms in A.P. be n.
Q. 11. The fourth term of an A.P. is 11. The sum of the  an = a + (n – 1)d = l
fifth and seventh terms of the A.P. is 34. Find the \ 208 + (n – 1)d = 496
common difference. A [Foreign Set I, 2015] (n – 1)8 = 496 – 208 ½

m
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 8. in SATQ-I 288
n–1 = = 36
Q. 12. Find the middle term of the A.P. 213, 205, 197, ..... 8

ra
37. A [Board Term-2, Delhi 2015 (Set II)] n = 36 + 1 = 37 ½

eg
Hence, required integers divisible by 8 = 37.
Sol. Here, a = 213, d = 205 – 213 = – 8 and l = 37
Q. 17. For A.P. show that ap + ap + 2q = 2ap + q.
Let the number of terms be n.

l
te
 l = a + (n – 1)d A [Board Term-2, 2012 (1)]
∴ 37 = 213 + (n – 1)(– 8) Sol. Let the first term be a and the common difference
df
or, 37 – 213 = – 8(n – 1) be d.
- 176 ap + ap + 2q= a + (p – 1) d + a + (p + 2q – 1)d
sp

or, n–1 = = 22 ½
-8 = a + pd – d + a + pd + 2qd – d
= 2a + 2pd + 2qd – 2d 1
r

or, n = 22 + 1 = 23 ½
pe

= 2[a + (p + q – 1) d] ...(i) ½
23 + 1
The middle term will be = = 12th ½ 2ap + q = 2[a + (p + q – 1) d] ...(ii) ½
pa

2 From (i) and (ii), we get

∴ a12 = a + (n – 1)d ap + ap + 2q = 2ap + q. Hence proved.
e

= 213 + (12 – 1)(– 8) [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

pl

= 213 – 88 Q. 18. The fifth term of an A.P. is 26 and its 10th term is
= 125
am

51. Find the A.P.

Thus, the middle term will be 125. ½
A [Outside Delhi Compt. Set-II 2017]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
ls

Q. 13. The 10th term of an A.P. is – 4 and its 22nd term Sol. Here, a5 = a + 4d = 26 ...(i) ½
and a10 = a + 9d = 51 ...(ii) ½
al

is (– 16). Find its 38th term.

A [Board Delhi compt. Set-I, 2017] Solving Eqns. (i) and (ii), we get
@

or, 5d = 25
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 14. in SATQ-I
d =5 ½
Q. 14. If the 2nd term of an A.P. is 8 and the 5th term is 17, and a =6
find its 19th term. Hence, the A.P. is 6, 11, 17 ........ ½
A [Board Term-2, 2016 Set HODM40L] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
st
Sol. Let 1 term be a and common difference be d. Q. 19. The 4th term of an A.P. is zero. Prove that the 25th
a2 = a + d term of the A.P. is three times its 11th term.
a+d=8 ...(i) U [Outside Delhi Set, II 2016]
and a5 = a + 4d Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 6. in SATQ-I
a + 4d = 17 ...(ii) Q. 20. Find the 20th term from the last term of the A.P. 3, 8,
From (i) and (ii), 13, ...... 253. A [CBSE SQP-2018]
a = 5 and d = 3, 1 Sol. 20th term from the end = l – (n – 1)d ½
Then, a19 = a+ 18d = 253 – 19 × 5 1
= 5 + 54 = 59 1 = 158 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
Q. 15. If the numbers x + 3, 2x + 1 and x – 7 are in A.P., Q. 21. If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P. is equal to 11 times
find the value of x. A [Board Term-2 2012 (5)] its 11th term, then find its 18th term.
A [CBSE SQP-2018] [Foreign Board-2017]
94 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

Sol. 7a7 = 11a11 Q. 24. How many three digit natural numbers are
⇒ 7(a + 6d) = 11(a + 10d) 1 divisible by 7 ? A [Board Term-2, 2013]
⇒ a + 17d = 0 Sol. Let A.P. be 105, 112, 119, ............., 994, which is
divisible by 7.
\ a18 = 0 1
Here, a = 105, d = 112 – 105 = 7 and an = 994,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] Since, an = a + (n – 1)d ½
Q. 22. Find whether – 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8, 5, 2 .... or, 994 = 105 + (n – 1) × 7
 A [Board Delhi Compt. Set-I 2017] or, 889 = (n – 1) × 7 ½
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 2. in SATQ-I 889
or, n–1 = = 127 ½
Q. 23. Find the number of natural numbers between 101 7
and 999 which are divisible by both 2 and 5. or, n = 127 + 1 = 128. ½
Hence, there will be 128 three digits numbers
A [CBSE O.D. 2014]
Sol. The sequence goes like this, divisible by 7 in A.P.
Q. 25. How many two digit numbers are divisible by 7 ?
110, 120, 130,................., 990
A [Board Sample paper, 2016]
Since, they have a common difference of 10, they
Sol. Two digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are

m
form an A.P. a = 110, an = 990 and d = 10 ½
14, 21, 28, ......, 98. ½
 an = a+ (n – 1) × d

ra
It forms an A.P.
\ 990 = 110 + (n – 1) × 10 Here, a = 14, d = 7 and an = 98 ½

eg
or, 990 – 110 = (n – 1) × 10 ½ Since, an = a + (n – 1)d
or, 880 = (n – 1) × 10 98 = 14 + (n – 1)7 ½

l
98 – 14 = 7n – 7

te
or, n – 1 = 88
84 + 7 = 7n
or, n = 89 ½ or, 7n = 91
df
Hence, there are 89 terms between 101 and 999 or, n = 13 ½
which are divisible by both 2 and 5. ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
r sp

Short Answer Type Questions-II

pe

(3 marks each)
pa

Q. 1. Find the 20th term of an A.P. whose 3rd term is 7 and 1

the seventh term exceeds three times the 3rd term or, a + 6d = ... (i) 1
9
e

by 2. Also, find its nth term (an).

pl

1
A [Board Term-2, 2012 (31)]
and a9 =
7
am

Sol. Let the first term be a and the common difference

be d. 1
or, a + 8d = ... (ii) 1
Given, a3 = a + 2d = 7 ...(i) 7
ls

According to the problem, a7 – 3a3 = 2 On subtracting eqn. (i) from (ii),

al

and, a7 – 3 × 7 = 2 1
1 1
a + 8d – a – 6d = -
@

or, a + 6d – 21 = 2
7 9
a + 6d = 23 ...(ii)
Solving eq. (i) and (ii), 2
or, 2d =
d = 4 and a = – 1 63
Now, a20 = a + 19d 1 1
= – 1 + 76 = 75 or, d=
63
Again, an = a + (n – 1) d
Substituting the value of d in (ii) we get,
= – 1 + 4n – 4
1 1
= 4n – 5. a+8× =
63 7
Hence, nth term = 4n – 5. 1
1 1 1 8
Q. 2. If 7th term of an A.P. is and 9th term is , find or, a= -
9 7 7 63
63rd term. U [Board Term-2, Delhi, 2014] 9-8 1
or, a= =
Sol. Let the first term be a and the common difference 63 63
be d of the given A.P.
1 1 1 + 62
1 ∴ a63 = + 62 × =
Given, a7 = 63 63 63
9
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 95
63 Sol. Let the four parts be
or, a63 = =1 1
63 a – 3d, a – d, a + d and a + 3d.
Hence, a63 = 1. ∴ a –3d + a – d + a + d + a + 3d = 56
Q. 3. The ninth term of an A.P. is equal to seven times or, 4a = 56
the second term and twelfth term exceeds five a = 14 1
times the third term by 2. Find the first term and Hence, four parts are 14 – 3d, 14 – d, 14 + d and
the common difference. 14 + 3d.
A [Board Sample Paper, 2016] Now, according to question,
Sol. Let the first term of A.P. be a and common difference (14 - 3d )(14 + 3d ) 5
=
be d. (14 - d )(14 + d ) 6

Given, a9 = 7a2
or, a + 8d = 7(a + d) ...(i) ½ 196 - 9d 2 5
or, =
and a12 = 5a3 + 2 196 - d 2 6
Again, a + 11d = 5(a + 2d) + 2 ...(ii) 1 or, 6(196 – 9d2) = 5(196 – d2)
From (i), a + 8d = 7a + 7d

m
or, 6 × 196 – 54d2 = 5 × 196 – 5d2
– 6a + d = 0 ...(iii)
or, 6 × 196 – 5 × 196 = 54d2 – 5d2

ra
From (ii), a + 11d = 5a + 10d + 2
– 4a + d = 2 ...(iv) or, (6 – 5) × 196 = 49d2

eg
Subtracting (iv) from (iii), we get 196
or, d2 = =4
– 2a = – 2 49

l
te
or, a =1 1 or, d =±2 1
From (iii),
∴ The four parts are

df
–6+d =0
{14 – 3(± 2)}, {14 –(± 2)}
d =6 ½
sp

Hence, first term = 1 and common difference = 6 Hence, first possible division will be 8, 12, 16 and
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 20.  1
r
pe

Q. 4. Determine an A.P. whose third term is 9 and when and second possible division will be 20, 16, 12 and
fifth term is subtracted from 8th term, we get 6. 8. 1
pa

A [Board Term-2, 2015] Q. 6. The pth, qth and rth terms of an A.P. are a, b and c
respectively. Show that a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q)
Sol. Let the first term be a and the common difference
e

= 0. U [Foreign Set II, 2016]

be d.
pl

Given, a3 = 9 or, a + 2d = 9 ....(i) Sol. Let the first term be a' and the common difference
am

and a8 – a5 = 6 be d.
or, (a + 7d) – (a + 4d) =6 a = a’ + (p – 1)d, b = a’ + (q – 1)d and c = a’ +
or, 3d = 6 (r – 1)d 1½
ls

or, d =2 ....(ii) 1 a(q – r) = [a’ + (p – 1)d][q – r]

al

Substituting the value of d in equation (i), we get b(r – p) = [a’ + (q – 1)d][r – p]

or, a + 2(2) = 9 and c(p – q) = [a’ + (r – 1)d][p – q] ½
@

or, a =5 1 \ a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q) = a’ [q – r + r – p + p –

So, A.P. is 5, 7, 9, 11, ..... 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] q] + d [(p – 1) (q – r) + (q – 1) (r – p) + (r – 1) (p – q)]
½
Q. 5. Divide 56 in four parts in A.P. such that the ratio
of the product of their extremes (1st and 4th) to the = a’ × 0 + d[pq – pr + qr – pq + pr – qr + (– q + r – r
product of middle (2nd and 3rd) is 5 : 6. + p – p + q)] = 0 Hence Proved. ½
U [Foreign Set I, 2016] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Q. 7. The digits of a positive number of three digit number are in A.P. and their sum is 15. The number obtained by
reversing the digits is 594 less then the original number. Find the number. A [Outside Delhi Set II, 2016]

Sol.
96 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

m
ra
eg
[Topper Answer, 2016] 3

l
te
Q. 8. For what value of n, are the nth terms of two A.Ps 63, 65, 67,.... and 3, 10, 17,.... equal ?
C + A [Board Outside Delhi Set III, 2017]
df
sp
Sol.
r
pe
e pa
pl
am
ls
al
@

[Topper Answer, 2017] 3

Q. 9. If the tenth term of an A.P. is 52 and the 17th term is Q. 10. How many three digit numbers are such that when
20 more than the 13th term, find A.P. divided by 7, leave a remainder 3 in each case ?
A [Board Outside Delhi Set-I 2017] [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (1)]

Sol. a10 = 52 Sol. The three digit numbers are divided by 7 and leave
or, a + 9d = 52 ...(i) 1 3 as remainder are
Also a17 – a13 = 20 101, 108, 115, ....... 997 1
a + 16d – (a + 12d) = 20 ½ Since these are in A.P. a = 101, d = 7, an = 997
4d = 20 an = a + (n – 1)d
d =5 997 = 101 + (n – 1)7
Substituting, the value d in (i), we get
997 – 101 = 896 = (n – 1)7 ½
a =7 1
896
Hence, A.P. = 7, 12, 17, 22 ..... ½ =n–1 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] 7
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 97

Sol. Let nth term of A.P.,

\ n = 128 + 1 = 129
Hence, 129 three digit numbers are divided by 7 an = n2 + 1
which leaves remainder is 3. 1 Putting the values of n = 1, 2, 3, ......, we get
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] a1 = 12 + 1 = 2
Q. 11. How many multiples of 4 lie between 11 and 266 ? a2 = 22 + 1 = 5
[Board Term-2, 2012 Set (21)] 3 a3 = 32 + 1 = 10 1
Sol. Here, a = 12, l = 264 and d = 4 The obtained sequence
Let the number of multiples of 4 be n.
= 2, 5, 10, 17, .........
l-a 264 - 12
Then, n= +1 = +1 1 Their common difference
d 4
= a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = a4 – a3
252
= + 1 = 63 + 1 = 64 1
or, 5 – 2 ¹ 10 – 5 ¹ 17 – 10
4
\
3 ¹5¹7 1
Hence, there are 64 multiples of 4 that lie between
11 and 266. 1 Since the common difference are not equal.
Q. 12. Prove that the nth term of an A.P. can not be n2 + 1. Hence, n2 + 1 is not a form of nth term of an A.P. 1

m
Justify your answer. [Board Term-2 2015] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

ra
eg
Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

l
te
Q. 1. The sum of three numbers in A.P. is 12 and sum of a = – 1 and d = 8 1
their cubes is 288. Find the numbers.
df
Again, b = a + 2d
A [Delhi Set III, 2016] b =–1+2×8
sp

Sol. Let the three numbers in A.P. be a – d, a and a + d. or, b = – 1 + 16

Then, their sum i.e., 3a = 12 or, b = 15 ½
r

∴ c = a + 4d
pe

or, a = 4.
Also, (4 – d)3 + 43 + (4 + d)3 = 288 1 = – 1 + 4 × 8
or, 64 – 48d + 12d2 – d3 + 64 + 64 + 48d + 12d2 + d3 = – 1 + 32
pa

= 288 c = 31 ½
or, 24d2 + 192 = 288 1 ∴a = – 1, b = 15 and c = 31 1
e

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]

or, d2 = 4
pl

∴ d =±2 1 Q. 3. An A.P. consists of 50 terms of which 3rd term is 12

am

Hence, the numbers are 2, 4 and 6, or 6, 4 and 2. 1 and last term is 106. Find the 29th term.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] U [CBSE SQP-2018]
ls

Q. 2. Find the value of a, b and c such that the numbers Sol. Given, n = 50, a3 = 12 and a50 = 106 1
a, 7, b, 23 and c are in A.P. U [Board Term-2, 2015] Then a + 2d = 12 1
al

and a + 49d = 106 1

Sol. Since, a, 7, b, 23 and c are in A.P.
@

On solving, we get d = 2 and a = 8

Let the common difference be d
a29 = a + 28d
∴ a+d =7 .....(i) ½
and a + 3d = 23 .....(ii) ½ = 8 + 28 × 2 = 64 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
From (i) and (ii), we get

TOPIC-2
Sum of n Terms of an Arithmetic Progression

Know the Formulae

 Sum of n terms of an A.P is given by :
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1) d]
2
where, a is the first term, d is the common difference and n is the total number of terms.
 Sum of n terms of an A.P when first and last term is given.
98 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

n
Sn = [a + l]
2
where, a is the first term and l is the last term.
 The nth term of an A.P is the difference of the sum of first n terms and the sum to first (n – 1) terms of it. i.e.,
an = Sn – Sn – 1.

N B O ARD ?
How it is done on G R E E
Q. Find the number of terms in the A.P 54, 51, 48, ..... 1026 = n[108 – 3n + 3]
whose sum is 513. 1026 = n[111 – 3n]
Also, give the reason of double answer. U 1026 = 111n – 3n2

m
Sol. Step I : The given A.P. is 54, 51, 48, ..... 2
or, 3n – 111n + 1026 = 0
Here a = 54, d = 51 – 54 = – 3 or, 3[n2 – 37n + 342] = 0

ra
Sum required is 513. or, n2 – 37n + 342 = 0

eg
Step II : Applying the sum formula Step III : Factorizing the quadratic equation
n n2 – 19n – 18n + 342 = 0
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

l
te
2 n(n –19) – 18(n – 19) = 0
or, (n – 19)(n – 18) = 0
n
513 = [2 × 54 + (n – 1)(– 3)] or, n = 18 or 19
df
2 Hence, the required number of terms will be 18 or
sp
19.
r
pe

Objective Type Questions (1 mark each)

pa

[A] Multiple Choice Questions : Sol. Correct option : (a)

e

Q. 1. The famous mathematician associated with Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 10, d = 6 – 10 =–4
pl

finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers is :

(a) Pythagoras (b) Newton Thus,
am

(c) Gauss (d) Euclid n

 2a + (n − 1) d 
Sn =
 R [NCERT Exemp.] 2
ls

Sol. Correct option : (c) 16

⇒ S16 =  2 × 10 + (16 − 1) × ( −4)
Explanation : The famous mathematician associated
al

2
with finding the sum of the first 100 natural = −320
@

numbers is Gauss.
Q. 2. If the first term of an A.P. is –5 and the common Q. 4. In an A.P., if a = 1, an = 20 and Sn = 399, then n is :
difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms is : (a) 19 (b) 21
(a) 0 (b) 5 (c) 38 (d) 42
(c) 6 (d) 15
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
Sol. Correct option : (a) Sol. Correct option : (c)
Explanation : In the given A.P., a = –5 and d = 2 Explanation : In the given A.P., a = 1, a n = 20
Thus, and S n = 399
n
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d  an = a + (n − 1) d
2
6 ⇒ 20 = 1 + (n − 1) d
⇒ S6 =  2 × ( −5) + (6 − 1) × 2 
2 ⇒ (n − 1) d = 19
=0 n
 2a + (n − 1) d 
Sn =
Q. 3. The sum of first 16 terms of the A.P., : 10, 6, 2,... is : 2
n
(a) –320 (b) 320 ⇒ 399 = [ 2 + 19]
(c) –352 (d) –400 2
⇒ n = 38
 R [NCERT Exemp.]
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 99
Q. 5. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is : Sol. Here, a = 10, d = 6 – 10 = – 4 and n = 16
(a) 45 (b) 55 n
(c) 65 (d) 75  Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
2
 U [NCERT Exemp.] 16
Sol. Correct option : (a) ∴ S16 = [ 2 × 10 + (16 - 1)( - 4)]
2
Explanation : In the given AP, a = 3 , d = 3 and n = 5 = 8[20 + 15 × (– 4)]
Thus, = 8[20 – 60]
n = 8 × (– 40)
Sn =  2a + (n − 1) d 
2 = – 320 1
5 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
⇒ S5 =  2 × 3 + (5 − 1) × 3 = 45
2 Q. 3. What is the sum of five positive integers divisible
Q. 6. The sum of first five positive integers divisible by by 6. [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (23)]
6 is :
Sol. Here, a = 6, d = 6 and n = 5
(a) 180 (b) 90
n

m
(c) 45 (d) 30  Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
2
 R [NCERT Exemp.]

ra
5
Sol. Correct option : (b) ∴ S5 = [ 2 × 6 + ( 5 - 1) (6)]

eg
2
Explanation : Positive integers divisible by 6 are 6, 12,
18, 24, 30 5
= [12 + 4 × 6]

l
te
Since difference is same, its an AP 2
We need to find sum of first 5 integers 5 5
df
= [12 + 24] = [36]
We can use formula 2 2
sp

n = 5 × 18 = 90 1
Sn = (2a + (n – 1) d)
2 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
r
pe

Here, n = 5, d = 6, a = 6 Q. 4. If the sum of n terms of an A.P. is 2n2 + 5n, then

5 find the 4th term. A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (12)]
\ S5 = (2 × 6 + (5 – 1) × 6)
pa

2
Sol. Let the sum of first n terms of an A.P. = Sn.
5 Given, Sn = 2n2 + 5n
e

S5 = (12 + 24)
2 th
pl

Now, n term of A.P. = Sn – Sn – 1

5 or, an = (2n2 + 5n) – [2 (n – 1)2
am

S5 = × 36 = 90.
2 + 5 (n – 1)]
= 2n2 + 5n – [2 n2 – 4n
[B] Very Short Answer Type Questions :
ls

+ 2 + 5n – 5]
Q. 1. If nth term of an A.P. is (2n + 1), what is the sum of = 2n2 + 5n – 2n2 – n + 3
al

its first three terms ? A [CBSE SQP-2018]

an = 4n + 3 ½
@

Sol. Since, a1 = 3, a2 = 5 and a3 = 7 ½ Then, 4th term a4 = 4 × 4 + 3

3 = 19 ½
S3 = (3 + 7) = 15 ½ [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
2
Q. 5. If the sum of first k terms of an A.P. is 3k2 – k and
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] its common difference is 6. What is the first term?
Detailed Answer : A [Board Term-2, 2012, Set (44)]
 an = (2n + 1)
Sol. Let the sum of k terms of A.P. is Sk = 3k2 – k
∴ a1 = 2 × 1 + 1 = 3
Now kth term of A.P.
l = a3 = 2 × 3 + 1 = 7
n ak = Sk – Sk –1
Since, Sn = [a + l]
2 ak = (3k2 – k) – [3 (k – 1)2 – (k – 1)]
3 = 3k2 – k – [3k2 – 6k + 3 – k + 1]
Hence, S3 = [3 + 7]
2
= 3k2 – k – 3k2 + 7k – 4
S3 = 15 = 6k – 4 ½
Q. 2. Find the sum of first 16 terms of the A.P. 10, 6, 2,
Hence, first term a = 6 × 1 – 4 = 2 ½
....... . A [Board Term-2, 2012, Set (32)]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
100 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)

Q. 1. How many terms of the A.P. 65, 60, 55, ... be taken or, 24a + 62d = 334
so that their sum is zero ? U [Delhi Set III, 2016]
or 12a + 31d = 167 ....(i) ½
Sol. Here, a = 65, d = – 5 and Sn = 0 ½ Given, S10 = 235
n or, 5(2a + 9d) = 235
Since, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
2 or 2a + 9d = 47 ...(ii) ½
n Solving (i) and (ii), wet get
Therefore, [130 + (n – 1) (– 5)] = 0 1
2 a = 1 and d = 5 ½
n Hence A.P. = 1, 6, 11, .... ½
[130 – 5n + 5] = 0 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
2
or, 135n – 5n2 = 0 Q. 5. Find the sum of sixteen terms of an A.P. – 1, – 5, – 9,
or, n(135 – 5n) = 0 ...... . U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (8)]

m
or, 5n = 135
Sol. Here, a1 = – 1, a2 = – 5 and d = – 4
or, n = 27 as n ≠ 0 ½

ra
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] n
 Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1) d ] ½
2

eg
Q. 2. The sum of first 'n' terms of an A.P. is given by Sn
= 2n2 + 3n. Find the sixteenth term of the A.P. 16
A [Sample Question Paper 2017] ∴ S16 = [ 2 × ( -1) + (16 - 1) ( - 4)] ½

l
2

te

Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 4. in VSATQ.
= 8 [– 2 – 60] = 8 (– 62)
df
Q. 3. Find the sum of first 8 multiples of 3. = – 496 1
A [Delhi/OD Set-2018]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
sp

Sol. Here, S = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + ... + 24 Q. 6. If the nth term of an A.P. is 7 – 3n, find the sum of
r

= 3(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 8) 1 twenty five terms. U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (16)]
pe

8×9
=3× Sol. Here n = 25 and an = 7 – 3n
2
pa

= 108 1 Taking n = 1, 2, 3, ....., we get

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] a1 = 7 – 3 × 1 = 4
e

Detailed Answer : a2 = 7 – 3 × 2 = 1
pl

First 8 multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24. and a3 = 7 – 3 × 3 = – 2 ½

am

Then, S = 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 + 18 + 21 + 24 ½ ∴ Given A.P. is 4, 1, – 2, ..... .

Here, a = 4 and d = 1 – 4 = – 3 ½
These numbers are in A.P.
ls

n
where a = 3, d = 3 and n = 8 1 Since, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ] ½
2
al

n
Since, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] 25
@

2 Now, S25 = [ 2 × 4 + ( 25 - 1) ( - 3)]

2
8
∴ S8 = [2 × 3 + (8 – 1)3] 25
2 = [8 + 24 ( - 3)]
2
S8 = 4[6 + 21]
25
S8 = 4 × 27 = 108 = ( 8 - 72 )
2
Thus, sum of first 8 multiples of 3 is 108. ½
Q. 4. In an A.P., if S5+ S7 = 167 and S10 = 235, then find = – 800 ½
the A.P., where Sn denotes the sum of first n terms. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
A [Outside Delhi CBSE Board, Term-2 2015, Q. 7. If the 1st term of a series is 7 and 13th term is 35.
Set I, II, III] Find the sum of 13 terms of the sequence.
 U [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (36)]
n
Sol. Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ]
Sol. Here a = 7, a13 = 35

Given, S5 + S7 = 167 Since, an = a + (n – 1)d
5 7 ∴
a13 = a + 12d
Hence, ( 2 a + 4 d ) + ( 2 a + 6d ) = 167
2 2
or, 35 = 7 + 12d
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 101

7 40 8
or d= or, d= = 1
3 15 3
n [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Again, Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ]
Q. 11. If the sum of the first 7 terms of an A.P. is 49 and
that of the first 17 terms is 289, find the sum of its
13 7
S13 = [ 2 × 7 + 12 ×   ] 1 first n terms. A [Board Foreign Set-II 2012]
2 3
13 n
= [14 + 28] Sol.  Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ]
2
13 7
= × 42 = 273 1 ∴
S7 = (2 a + 6d ) = 49
2 2

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] or, a + 3d = 7 ...(i) ½
17
Q. 8. If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P. whose Again, S17 = (2 a + 16d ) = 289
common difference is d and first term is a, find 2

m
Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2. A [Board Term-2, 2011 (A1)] or, a + 8d = 17 ...(ii) ½

ra
Sol. Since, Tn = Sn – Sn – 1 ½ On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
or, 5d = 10 or, d = 2

eg
and T n – 1 = S n – 1 – Sn – 2 ½
Hence, Sn – 2Sn – 1 + Sn – 2= Sn – Sn – 1 – Sn – 1 + Sn – 2 and a =1

l
n
Sn = [ 2 × 1 + (n − 1) 2 ]

te
= (Sn – Sn – 1) – (Sn – 1 – Sn –2) ½ Therefore, ½
2
= Tn – Tn – 1 = d. ½
df
n
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011] = [ 2 + 2n − 2 ] = n2
2
Q. 9. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 5n – n2. Find
sp

the nth term of the A.P. Hence, sum of first n terms = n2 ½

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2011]
r

A [Foreign Set I, II, III, 2014]

pe

Sol. Let the sum of first n terms of A.P. = Sn −11 9

Q. 12. How many terms of the A.P. −6 , , − 5 , − .....
Given, Sn = 5n – n2 2 2
pa

Now, nth term of A.P. = Sn – Sn – 1 1 are needed to give their sum zero.
or, an = (5n – n2) – [5(n – 1) – (n – 1)2] A [Board outside Delhi compt. Set-III, 2017]
e

= 5n – n2 – [5n – 5 – (n2 + 1 – 2n)] 11 1

pl

= 5n – n2 – (5n – 5 – n2 – 1 + 2n) Sol. Given a = – 6 and d = − − ( − 6 ) =

2 2
am

= 5n – n2 – 7n + 6 + n2
n
= – 2n + 6 Since, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
or, an = – 2(n – 3) 2
ls

∴ nth term, an = – 2(n – 3). 1 Let sum of n terms be zero.

al

Q. 10. The first and last term of an A.P. are 5 and 45 n 1

respectively. If the sum of all its terms is 400, find \
Sn = 2 × − 6 + ( n − 1)  = 0 ½
@

2  2
its common difference. [Delhi Set 2014]
A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (19)] n n 1
or, −12 + −  = 0
Sol. a = 5 and l = 45 (given) 2  2 2
∴ 45 = 5 + (n – 1)d n  n 25 
or, − =0
or, (n – 1)d = 40 ....(i) 2  2 2 
Given, Sn = 400 1
or, n2 – 25n = 0 1+½
n
Since, Sn = ( a + l ) n(n – 25) = 0
2
n = 25 as n ≠ 0
n Hence, terms are needed = 25.
∴ 400 = (5+ 45)
2 Q. 13. In an A.P. of 50 terms, the sum of the first 10 terms
or, 800 = 50 n is 210 and the sum of its last 15 terms is 2565. Find
or, n = 16 the A.P. A [Board Foreign Set-III 2017]
∴ From (i),
Sol. Given, S10 = 210
(n – 1)d = 40
n
∴ 15d = 40 Since, Sn =
2
[ 2 a + (n − 1)d ]

102 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

Q. 14. Reshma wanted to save at least ` 6,500 for sending

10

or, (2 a + 9d ) = 210 ½ her daughter to school next year (after 12 months).
2 She saved ` 450 in the first month and raised her
or, 2a + 9d = 42 ...(i) savings by ` 20 every next month. How much will
Since, a36 = a + 35d she be able to save in next 12 months ? Will she be
and a50 = a + 49d able to send her daughter to the school next year ?
15 A ; E [Foreign Set I, II, III, 2016]

Hence, Sum of last 15 terms = (a + 35d + a + 49d )
2 Sol. Here a = ` 450, d = ` 20, n = 12
15 n

or, (2 a + 84 d ) = 2565 ½ Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 2
or, a + 42d = 171 ...(ii) ½ 12
S12 = [2 × 450 + 11 × 20]
On solving (i) and (ii), we get 2
a = 3 and d = 4 ½ = 6[1120] = 6720 > 6500 2
Hence, given A.P. = 3, 7, 11 ....... \ Reshma will be able to send her daughter to

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] school [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

m
ra
Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

eg
3n 2 13n n( n + 1) n( 3n - 1)

l
Q. 1. In an A.P. the sum of first n terms is + . Now, S1 + S3 = + ½

te
2 2 2 2
Find the 25th term. A [Board Sample Paper, 2016] n[n + 1 + 3n - 1]
df
=
2
3n 2 + 13n
sp

Sol. Sn = n[ 4 n]
2 =
2
r

an = Sn – Sn–1
pe

= 2n2 = 2S2 Hence Proved. 1

or, a25 = S25 – S24
Q. 3. If Sn denotes, the sum of the first n terms of an A.P.
pa

3( 25)2 + 13( 25) 3( 24 )2 + 13( 24 ) prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4).

= - 1
2 2 A [Delhi CBSE Board, 2015, Set I]
e

1
= {3(252 – 242) + 13(25 – 24)} 1 Sol. Let a be the first term and d be the common
pl

2 difference.
am

1 n
= (3 × 49 + 13) = 80 1 Since, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
2 2
ls

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] S12 = 6[2a + 11d]

Q. 2. The sum of first n terms of three arithmetic = 12a + 66d ...(i) 1
al

progressions are S1, S2 and S3 respectively. The S8 = 4[2a + 7d]= 8a + 28d ½

@

first term of each A.P. is 1 and common differences and S4 = 2[2a + 3d] = 4a + 6d ½
are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Prove that S1 + S3
Then, 3(S8 – S4) = 3[(8a + 28d) – (4a + 6d)]
= 2S2. A [O.D. Set III, 2016]
= 3[4a + 22d] = 12a + 66d
Sol. Since, S1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n.
From equation (i) and (ii), S12 = 3 (S8 – S9) 1
S2 = 1 + 3 + 5 + ...upto n terms
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
and S3 = 1 + 4 + 7 + ...upto n terms
n( n + 1) Q. 4. The 14th term of an A.P. is twice its 8th term. If
or, S1 = ½ the 6th term is – 8, then find the sum of its first 20
2
terms. A [Outside Delhi CBSE Board, 2015, Set I]
n
Also, S2 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)2] Sol. Let first term be a and common difference be d.
2
Here, a14 = 2a8
n
= [2n] = n2 ½ or, a + 13d = 2(a + 7d)
2
a + 13d = 2a + 14d
n a =–d ...(i) ½
and S3 = [2 × 1 + (n – 1)3]
2 Again, a6 = – 8
n( 3n - 1) or, a + 5d = – 8 ...(ii) ½
= ½
2 Solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 2, d = – 2 ½
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 103

20 a1 = S1 = 5 ½
S20 = [ 2 × 2 + ( 20 - 1)( -2 )] ½
2 a2 = S2 – S1 = 13 – 5 = 8 ½

d = a2 – a1 = 8 – 5 = 3 ½
= 10[4 + 19 × (– 2)]
Now, A.P. is 5, 8, 11, ...... .
= 10(4 – 38) nth term, an = a + (n – 1)d
= 10 × (– 34) = – 340 1 = 5 + (n – 1)3 = 3n + 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Hence, a20 = 3 × 20 + 2
Q. 5. If the ratio of the sums of first n terms of two a20 = 62 1
A.P.’s is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), find the ratio of their [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
mth terms. A [O.D. Set I, 2016] Q. 7. In an A.P., if the 12th term is – 13 and the sum of its
Sol. Let a and A be the first terms and d and D be the first four terms is 24, find the sum of its first ten
common difference of two A.P.’s terms. A [Foreign Set I, II, 2015]
Then, according to question, Sol. Let the first term be a and the common difference
n be d.
Sn [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
7n + 1 Given, a12 = a + 11d = – 13 ...(i) ½
= 2 = 1

m
S 'n n 4 n + 27 n
[ 2 A + ( n - 1)D] Since, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
2 2

ra

Hence, S4 = 2[2a + 3d] = 24
2 a + ( n - 1)d 7n + 1

eg
or, = 2a + 3d = 12 ...(ii) 1
2 A + ( n - 1)D 4 n + 27 Multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii) from it, we

l
get

te
n -1
a+( )d 7n + 1 (2a + 22d) – (2a + 3d) = – 26 – 12

or, 2 = ...(i) ½ 19d = – 38
n -1 4 n + 27
df
A+( )D d =–2 ½
2
Putting the value of d in (i), we get
sp

n -1 a + 11 × – 2 = – 13
Putting = m – 1 or, n = 2m – 1 1 a = – 13 + 22
r

2
pe

a =9 ½
a + ( m - 1)d 7( 2m - 1) + 1 n
From equ, (i) = Now, Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
pa

A + ( m - 1)D 4( 2m - 1) + 27 2

10
am 14 m - 6 S10 = (2 × 9 + 9 × −2 )
e

Hence, = ½ 2
Am
pl

8m + 23
= 5 × (18 – 18)
am

1 = 0 ½
Q. 6. If the sum of the first n terms of an A.P. is
2 Hence, S10 = 0
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
[3n2 + 7n], then find its nth term. Hence write its
ls

Q. 8. The tenth term of an A.P., is – 37 and the sum of its

20th term.
al

first six terms is – 27. Find the sum of its first eight
A [Delhi CBSE Board Term-2, 2015 (Set II)] terms. A [Foreign Set III, 2015]
@

Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 7 in SATQ-II

1 Q. 9. Find the sum of first seventeen terms of A.P. whose
Sol. Sn = [3n2 + 7n]
2 4th and 9th terms are –15 and –30 respectively.
1 A [Board Term-2, 2014]
S1 = [3 × (1)2 + 7(1)]
2 Sol. Let the first term be a
1 and common difference be d. [ an = a + (n – 1)d]
= [3 + 7]
a4 = a + 3d = – 15 .... (i)
2
1 and a9 = a + 8d = – 30 .... (ii)
= × 10 = 5 ½ Subtracting eqn (i) from eqn (ii), we get
2
(a + 8d) – (a + 3d) = – 30 – (– 15)
1 5d = – 15
S2 = [3 (2)2 + 7 × 2]
2 -15
d= = -3
1 5
= [12 + 14] 1
2 From (i), a + 3d = – 15
1 a + 3 (– 3) = – 15
= × 26
2 a = – 15 + 9 = – 6 1
= 13 ½
104 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

= 63 + 161
17
Again S17 = [2 × ( - 6) + (17 - 1) ( - 3)] = 224.
2 14
∴ [2a + 13d] = 224
17 2
= [ - 12 + 16 × ( - 3)]
2 or, 2a + 13d = 32 .... (ii) 1
17 On subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
= [ - 12 - 48]
2 (2a + 13d) – (2a + 6d) = 32 – 18

7d = 14 or, d = 2
17
= [ - 60] = 17 × ( - 30) Putting the value of d in (i), we get
2 a =3
= – 510 1 Since, an = a + (n – 1)d
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014] ∴ a28 = 3 + 2 × (27)
Q. 10. The common difference of an A.P. is –2. Find its = 57
sum, if first term is 100 and last term is –10. ∴ The 28th term = 57. 1
A [Board Term-2 2014] Q. 15. The sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by
Sn = 3n2 – 4n. Determine the A.P. and the 12th
Sol. Given, a = 100, d = –2 and an = –10 1

m
term. [Delhi CBSE Term-2, 2014]
Using, an = a + (n – 1)d [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (13)]

ra
or, –10 = 100 + (n – 1)(–2) Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 6 in SATQ-II
or, –10 = 100 – 2n + 2 Q. 16. Find the sum of all two digit natural numbers

eg
or, 2n = 112 which are divisible by 4.
or, n = 56 A [Delhi Comp.t Set-II, 2017]

l
te
 Here, 56th term is – 10. Sol. First two digit multiple of 4 is 12 and last is 96
∴ Number of terms in A.P. is 56. So, a = 12, d = 4 and l = 96
df
n Let nth term be last term = 96 1
∴ Sn = ( a+l )
sp

2 1 \ an = a + (n – 1)d = l
56 12 + (n – 1)4 = 96
r

S56 = (100 - 10)

pe

2 n – 1 = 21

n = 21 + 1 = 22 1
56
pa

= (90) 22
2
Now, S22 = [12 + 96 ]
2
= 56 × 45
e

= 11 × 108
or, Sn = 2520. 1
pl

= 1188 1
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2014]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
am

Q. 11. The 16th term of an A.P. is five times its third term.
If its 10th term is 41, then find the sum of its first Q. 17. Find the sum of the following series.
fifteen terms. 5 + (– 41) + 9 + (– 39) + 13 + (– 37) + 17 + .... +
ls

A [Outside Delhi CBSE, 2015, Set II] (– 5) + 81 + (– 3) A [Board foreign Set-I, 2017]
al

Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 4 in SATQ-II Sol. The series can be written as
Q. 12. The 13th term of an A.P. is four times its 3rd term. If
@

(5 + 9 + 13 + .... + 81) + [(– 41) + (– 39) + (– 37) +

the fifth term is 16, then find the sum of its first ten (– 35) ... (– 5) + (– 3)]
terms. A [Outside Delhi, 2015 Set III] For the series (5 + 9 + 13 + ..... + 81) ½
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 4 in SATQ-II a =5
Q. 13. The nth term of an A.P. is given by (– 4n + 15). Find d =4
the sum of first 20 terms of this A.P. and an = 81
A [Board Term-2, 2013] Then, an = 5 + (n – 1) 4 = 81
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 6 in SATQ-I or, (n – 1)4 = 76 ½
Q. 14. The sum of first 7 terms of an A.P. is 63 and sum of n = 20
its next 7 terms is 161. Find 28th term of A.P. 20
Sn = (5 + 81) = 860
[Foreign Set I, II, III, 2014] 2
n For series (– 41) + (– 39) + (– 37) + .... + (– 5) + (– 3)
Sol. Since, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 an = – 3 ½
Given, S7 = 63 a = – 41
7 d =2
Hence, S7 = [2a + 6d] = 63 Then, an = –41 + (n – 1)(2)
2
\ n = 20
or, 2a + 6d = 18 .... (i) 1 20
Now, sum of 14 terms is Sn = −41 + ( − 3) = − 440 ½
2
S14 = Sfirst 7 + Snext 7
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 105

Hence, the Sum of the series = 860 – 440 1050

= 420 1 20 + 13d = = 150
7
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
Q. 18. Find the sum of n terms of the series 13d = 130
130
 1  2  3 d= = 10 1
 4 −  +  4 −  +  4 −  + ...... 13
 n  n  n
an = a + (n – 1)d
A [CBSE Board Delhi Set-I, II, III 2017]
a20 = 10 + 19 × 10 = 200 1
Sol. Let sum of n term be Sn Hence, a20 = 200.
 1  2  3 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
\ Sn =  4 −  +  4 −  +  4 −  + ...... up to n
 n   n   n  Q. 21. Find the number of terms of the A.P. – 12, – 9, – 6,
terms 1 ..............., 21. If 1 is added to each term of this A.P.,
then find the sum of all the terms of the A.P. thus
or, (4 + 4 + 4 + ..... up to n terms)
obtained. [Board Term-2, 2013] 3
1 2 3
–  + + + ........ up to n term Sol. – 12, – 9, – 6, ................, 21 is the given A.P., then
n n n  a = – 12, d = – 9 – (– 12) = 3

m
or, (4 + 4 + 4 + ..... up to n terms) an = a + (n – 1)d and an = 21 1
or, 21 = – 12 + (n – 1) × 3

ra
1
– (1 + 2 + 3 + ..... up to n terms) or, 21 + 12 = (n – 1) × 3
n

eg
or, 33 = (n – 1) × 3
1 n( n + 1) or, n – 1 = 11
or, 4n − × ½+1

l
n 2 or, n = 11 + 1

te
n+1 7n − 1 or, n = 12
or, 4n − = Now, if 1 is added to each term we have a new A.P.
df
2 2 with
7n − 1 – 12 + 1, – 9 + 1, – 6 + 1, ............., 21 + 1
sp
Hence, sum of n terms =
½
2 i.e., – 11, – 8, – 5 , ........... 22
Now we have a = – 11, d = 3 and l = 22 1
r

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]

pe

and n = 12
Q. 19. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200
\ Sum of this obtained A.P.
that are divisible by 6.
pa

12
[Board Term-2, 2012 Set (5)] 3 or, S12 = [ − 11 + 22 ]
2
Sol. The series as per question is 102, 108, 114, ...........,
e

= 6 × 11 = 66
198 which is an A.P.
pl

Given, a = 102, d = 6 and l = 198 Hence the sum of new A.P. = 66. 1
Q. 22. Find the sum of all odd numbers between 0 and 50.
am

Then 198 = 102 + (n – 1)6 ½

[Delhi Compt. Set-III 2017]
96
or, =n–1 Sol. Given, 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ..... + 49
ls

6 Let, total odd numbers of terms be n. 1

or, n = 17 ½
al

an = 1 + (n – 1) × 2 = 49
n
Sn = (a + l ) ½ (n – 1) × 2 = 49 – 1 = 48
@

2 n – 1 = 24
17 n = 24 + 1 = 25 1
∴ S17 = [102 +198] 25
2 S25 = (1 + 49 )
2
17
or, S17 = ×300 = 17 ×150 = 2550 . ½ = 25 × 25 = 625
2
Hence, sum of odd numbers between 0 and 50
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = 625 1
Q. 20. If the sum of the first 14 terms of an A.P. is 1050 and Q. 23. Find the sum of first 15 multiples of 8.
its first term is 10, find its 20th term.
[Delhi Compt. Set-I 2017]
A [Board Outside Delhi Compt. Set-III 2017] Sol. First term of given A.P. be 8 and common difference
Sol. Given, a = 10, and S14 = 1050 be 8. Then,
Let the common difference of the A.P. be d. ½ n
Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] ½
Since, Sn = n [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] 2
2 15
Therefore, S15 =
2
[ 2 × 8 + (15 − 1)8 ] ½
14
\ S14 =
2
[ 2 × 10 + (14 − 1) d ] 15
= [16 + 112 ] 1
= 1050 ½ 2
106 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

15 1
= × 128 = 960 or, d=
2 mn
Hence, the sum of 15 terms = 960. 1 1
1 1 and a=
Q. 24. If mth term of A.P. is and nth term is , find mn
n m mn  1 1 
the sum of first mn terms. [CBSE Board Set-I, II 2017] Now Smn =  2· + ( mn − 1) 
2  mn mn 
Sol. Let first term of given A.P. be a and common
difference be d. mn  2 mn 1 
= 2  mn + mn − mn 
1
\ am = a + (m – 1)d = ...(i) ½
n mn  1 
Smn = +1
and an = a + (n – 1)d =
1
...(ii) ½ 2  mn 
m
1
On subtracting (ii) from (i) we get = [mn + 1]
2
1 1 m−n
(m – n)d = − = 1 1
n m mn Hence, the sum of first mn terms = [mn + 1] . 1
2

m
Q. 25. How many terms of an A.P. 9, 17, 25, .... must be taken to give a sum of 636 ? [Outside Delhi Set-III, 2017]

ra
eg
Sol.

l
te
df
r sp
pe
e pa
pl
am
ls
al
@

[Topper Answer, 2017] 3

11
Q. 26. How many terms of the A.P. − 6 , − , − 5 , ......... are n
2 or, Sn = [ 2 a +(n - 1)d ]
2
needed to give the sum – 25 ? Explain the reason
for double answer. n 1
Hence, – 25 = -12 +( n - 1)×  1
[Board Term-2, 2012 Set (13)] 2  2

Sol. A.P. is - 6, -
11  -24 +( n - 1) 
, - 5, ......... or, – 50 = n  
2  2 
Then, a =–6 or, – 100 = n[n – 25]
11 6 1 or, n2 – 25n + 100 =0 1
d= - + = ½
2 1 2 or, (n – 20)(n – 5) =0
and Sn = – 25 or, n = 20, 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 107
or, S20 = S5 = π + 2π + 3π + .............. + 11π
. .
Two answers . a is negative and d is positive and = π(1 + 2 + 3 + ........... + 11)
the sum of the terms from 5th to 20th is zero. ½ 11×12
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] = π × 1
2
Q. 27. If S1, S2 and S3 be the sum of n, 2n and 3n terms = 66 × 3.14
respectively of an A.P. Prove that S3 = 3(S2 – S1). = 207.24 cm. 1
[Board Term-2, 2012 Set (59)] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common Q. 29. In an A.P. if sum of its first n terms is 3n2 + 5n and
difference. its kth term is 164, find the value of k.
n [CBSE Comptt Set-I, II, III 2018]
Then, S1 = [ 2 a +(n - 1)d ]
2 Sol. Here, Sn = 3n2 + 5n
2n ⇒ S1 = 3.12 + 5.1 = 8 = a1 ½
S2 = [2 a +(2 n - 1)d ]
2 S2 = 3.22 + 5.2 = 22 = a1 + a2
3n a2 = 22 – 8 = 14 ⇒ d = 6 1

m
and S3 = [2 a +(3n - 1)d ] 1½
2 ak = 164 ⇒ 8 + (k – 1)6 = 164 ½

ra

⇒ k = 27 1
Again,
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]

eg
 2n n  Q. 30. Aditi required ` 2500 after 12 weeks to send
3(S2 – S1) =3  [2 a +(2 n - 1)d ] - [2 a +( n - 1)d ]
 2 2  her daughter to school. She saved ` 100 in the

l
te
first week and increased her weekly saving by
n 
= 3  [ 4 a + 2(2 n - 1)d ] - [2 a +( n - 1)d ]
` 20 every week. Find whether she will be able to
df
2  send her daughter after 12 weeks.
A ; E [Delhi CBSE Term-2, 2015 Set I, II, III]
sp

n 
= 3  (4 a + 4 nd - 2 d - 2 a - nd + d )  1 Sol. Here, required money is ` 2500
 2 
r

a = saving in 1st week = ` 100

pe

n  d = difference in weekly saving = ` 20

= 3  (2 a + 3nd - d )  A.P. formed by saving,
2 
pa

According to the question,

3n Sequence is 100, 120, 140, ..... upto 12 terms
e

= [2 a +(3n - 1)d ] n
2 Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
pl


2
= S3 [Hence proved] ½
am

12
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] ∴ S12 = [2 × 100 + (12 – 1) × 20]
2
Q. 28. A spiral is made up of successive semi-circles with
ls

or, = 6[200 + 11 × 20]

centres alternately at A and B starting with A, of
or, = 6[200 + 220]
al

radii 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm,.... as shown in the figure.

or, = 6 × 420 = 2520 3
What is the total length of spiral made up of eleven
@

She will be able to send her daughter to school

consecutive semi-circles ? (Use π = 3.14)
after 12 weeks. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
[Board Term-2, 2012 Set (50); [NCERT]
Q. 31. In a potato race, a bucket is placed at the starting
point, which is 5 m from the first potato and the
other potatoes are placed 3 m apart in a straight
line. There are ten potatoes in the line. (see fig.)

Sol. Let r1, r2,........................ be the radii of semi-

circles and l1, l2, ...................... be the lengths of
circumferences of semi-circles, then Each competitor starts from the bucket, picks up
l1 = πr1 = π(1) = π cm the nearest potato, runs back with it, drops it in the
bucket, runs back to pick up the next potato, runs
l2 = πr2 = π(2) = 2π cm
to the bucket to drop it in, and she continues in the
l3 = πr3 = 3π cm same way until all the potatoes are in the bucket.
.................. (i) What is the total distance the competitor has to
.................. run ?
l11 = 11π cm (ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above
∴Total length of spiral = l1 + l2 + .............+ l11 1 problem ? A ; E [NCERT]
108 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

Sol. (i) Since, distance between the first potato and the = 370 m 2
bucket = 5 m Hence, the total distance covered by the competitor
and also there are 10 potatoes which are 3m apart. = 370 m.
Distance covered by the competitor in first pick (ii) Arithmetic Progression. 1
= 2 × 5 = 10 m Q. 32. In a school, students thought of planting trees in
Distance covered by the competitor in second pick and around the school to reduce air pollution. It
= 2 × (5 + 3 × 1) = 2 × 8 was decided that the number of trees that each
= 16 m ½ section of each class will plant, will be the same as
Distance covered by the competitor in third pick the class, in which they are studying, e.g., a section
= 2 × (5 + 3 × 2) of Class I will plant 1 tree, a section of Class II will
= 2 × (5 + 6) = 22 m plant 2 trees and so on till Class XII. There are
Similarly, distance covered by the competitor in three sections of each class.
10th pick (i) How many trees will be planted by the students ?
= 2 × (5 + 3 × 9) (ii) Which mathematical concept is used in the above
= 2 × (5 + 27) = 64 m problem ? A ; E [Delhi CBSE, Term-2 2014]
Therefore, the sequence becomes, Sol. (i) Since, each section of class plants the same
10, 16, 22, ........................, 64 number of trees as the class number and there are

m
Let S be the total distance covered by the competitor. three sections of each class.

ra
i.e., ∴ Total number of trees planted by the students
S = 10 + 16 + 22 + ..... + 64 = 3[1 + 2 + ....... + 12]

eg
Here,  12 
a = 10, d = 16 – 10 = 6, n = 10, l = 64 = 3  [2×1+(12 - 1)×1]

l
2 

te
n
Now, Sn = [ a + l ]
2 = 3[6(2 + 11)]

df
= 18 × 13 = 234 2
10
\ S10 = [10 + 64] = 5(74) ∴ Students planted 234 trees.
sp

2
(ii) Arithmetic Progression. 1
r
pe

Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

pa

Q. 1. The minimum age of children to be eligible to catch him. He goes with a speed of 100 m/minute in
e

participate in a painting competition is 8 years. It is the first minute and increases his speed by 10 m/
pl

observed that the age of youngest boy was 8 years minute every succeeding minute. After how many
and the ages of rest of participants are having a minutes the policeman will catch the thief.
am

common difference of 4 months. If the sum of ages A [Delhi Set I, II, 2016]
of all the participants is 168 years, find the age of
Sol. Let total time to catch the thief be n minutes.
eldest participant in the painting competition.
ls

A [Board Sample Paper, 2016] Then, total distance covered by thief = (100n)
al

metres ½
1 Total distances to be covered by policeman = 100
@

Sol. Here, a = 8, d = 4 months = years and

3 + 110 + 120 + ... + (n – 1) terms ½
Sn = 168 ½ n -1
∴ 100n= [200 + (n – 2)10] 1
2
n
Since Sn = [ 2 a + ( n - 1)d ]
2 n2 – 3n – 18 = 0 ½
(n – 6)(n + 3) = 0 ½
n 1
Hence, 168 = 2( 8 ) + ( n - 1)  ½ or, n = 6 ½
2  3
Policeman takes 6 minutes to catch the thief. ½
n2 + 47n – 1008 = 0 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
or, n2 + 63n – 16n – 1008 = 0 Q. 3. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P.,
or, (n – 16)(n + 63) = 0 prove that, S30 = 3(S20 – S10).
or, n = 16 or n = – 63 U [Delhi 2015 Set III, Foreign Set I, II, III, 2014]
n = 16 Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 3. in SATQ-II
(n cannot be negative So – 63 rejected) 1 Q. 4. The sum of first 20 terms of an A.P. is 400 and sum
Thus, the age of the eldest participant = a + 15d of first 40 terms is 1600. Find the sum of its first 10
= 13 years [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 1 terms. A [Board Term-2, 2015]
Q. 2. A thief runs with a uniform speed of 100 m/minute. Sol. Let the first term be a and common difference be d
After one minute a policeman runs after, the thief to and sum of first 20 terms be S20.
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 109

20
Now, sum of last 15 terms
S20 = ( 2 a + 19d )
2 15
\
Sn =
2
[ 2 × 250 + (15 − 1)7 ]
20
or, 400 = ( 2 a + 19d ) 15
2 = (500 + 14 × 7 )
2
or, 400 = 10 [2a + 19d]
or 2a + 19d = 40 ...(i) 1 15
= × 598
40 2
Also, S40 = ( 2 a + 39d )
2 = 4485
or, 1600 = 20 [2a + 39d] Hence, sum of last 15 terms = 4485 2
or 2a + 39d = 80 ...(ii) 1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
From (i) and (ii), we get Q. 8. Find the middle term of the sequence formed by
all three-digit numbers which leave a remainder
a = 1 and d = 2
3, when divided by 4. Also find the sum of all
10 numbers on both sides of the middle terms
Then, S10 = [ 2 × 1 + (10 - 1)( 2 )] 1

m
2 separately. U [Foreign Set I, 2015]

ra
= 5 [2 + 9 × 2] Sol. The three digit numbers which leaves 3 as
= 5 [2 + 18] remainder when divided by 4 are :

eg
= 5 × 20 = 100 1 103, 107, 111, ......... 999 ½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] Now, the first number a = 103, last number l = 999

l
te
 1  2  3 and common difference = 4
Q. 5. Find  4 −  +  7 −  +  10 −  + ...... upto n
n n n Let the number of terms in this sequence be n.
df
terms. A [Board Term-2, 2015] \ l = a + (n – 1)d
sp

Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 18. in SATQ-II or, 103 +(n – 1)4 = 999
896
Q. 6. Find the 60th term of the A.P. 8, 10, 12, ...., if it has a
r

(n – 1) = = 224
pe

total of 60 terms and hence find the sum of its last 10 4

terms. n = 224 + 1 = 225 ½
pa

A [Outside Delhi, CBSE Board, 2015 Set I, II]

225 + 1
Middle term =
Sol. Given a = 8 and d = 10–8 = 2 2
e

an = a + (n – 1)d
pl

Q = 113th term
\ a60 = 8 + (60 – 1)2
am

a113 = 103 + 112 × 4 = 551 ½

= 8 + 59 × 2 = 126 1
and a112 = 551 – 4 = 547 ½
and a51 = 8 + 50 × 2
112
ls

= 8 + 100 = 108 Sum of first 112 terms = (103 × 2 + 111 × 4 )

2
al

Sum of last 10 terms = a51 + a52 + .... + a60 1

Here, a = 108 and d = 2 ½ = 56 × 650
@

10 = 36400
S10 =
2
[ 2 × 108 + (10 − 1)2 ] and a114 = 551 + 4 = 555 1
= 5(216 + 18) 112
The sum of last 112 terms = (2 × 555 + 111 × 4 )
= 5 × 234 = 1170 1 2

Hence, sum of last 10 terms = 1170. ½ = 56(1110 + 444)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] = 56 × 1554
Q. 7. An arithmetic progression 5, 12, 19, .... has 50 terms. = 87024 1
Find its last term. Hence find the sum of its last 15 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
terms. Q. 9. Find the middle term of the sequence formed
 A [Outside, Delhi CBSE Board, 2015, Set III] all numbers between 9 and 95, which leave a
Sol. We have, a = 5, d = 12 – 5 = 7 and n = 50 remainder 1 when divided by 3. Also find the sum
of the numbers on both sides of the middle term
\
a50 = 5 + (50 – 1)7
separately. U [Foreign Set II, 2015]
= 5 + 49 × 7 = 348 1
Sol. The sequence is 10, 13, ....., 94. 1
Also the first term of the A.P. of last 15 terms be a36
94 = 10 + (n – 1) 3
a36 = 5 + 35 × 7
or, n = 29 ½
= 5 + 245 = 250 1
110 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

29 +1 Q. 13. A sum of ` 280 is to be used towards four

Therefore, = 15th term is the middle term prizes. If each prize after the first is ` 20 less than
2
its preceding prize, find the value of each of the
½ prizes. A [Board Term-2, 2012 (44)]
Middle term = 10 + 14 × 3 = 52 1
Sol. Let 1st prize be ` x
14
Sum of first 14 terms = [ 20 + 13 × 3] = 413 \The series in A.P. is
2
x, x – 20, x – 40, x – 60, ......... ½
½
n Then a = x, d = – 20, Sn =280 and n = 4 ½
Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] n
2 Since, Sn = [2a +(n – 1)d]
14 2
Sum of the last 14 terms = [110 + 13 × 3]
2 4
Hence, S4 = [2x+ 3(– 20)] 1
= 1043 ½ 2
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015] 280 = 2[2x – 60]
Q. 10. Find the middle term of the sequence formed by 140 = 2x – 60
all three-digit numbers which leave a remainder

m
Thus, 2x = 200 or, x = 100 1
5 when divided by 7. Also, find the sum of
The prizes are ` 100, ` 80, ` 60, ` 40. 1

ra
all numbers on both sides of the middle term
separately. [Foreign Set III, 2014, 2015] Q. 14. In a garden bed, there are 23 rose plants in the first

eg
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 8. in LATQ. row, 21 are in the 2nd, 19 in 3rd row and so on. There
are 5 plants in the last row. How many rows are
Q. 11. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is given by Sn

l
there of rose plants ? Also find the total number of

te
= 3n2 + 4n. Determine the A.P. and the nth term. rose plants in the garden.
U [Board Term-2, 2014]
A [Board Term-2, 2012 (1)]
df
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 6. in SATQ-II
Q. 12. The sum of the 3rd and 7th terms of an A.P. is 6 and Sol. The number of rose plants in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd rows
sp

their product is 8. Find the sum of first 20 terms of ....... are 23, 21, 19, .........., 5.
the A.P. A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (21)] a= 23, d = – 2 and an = 5
r
pe

∴ an = a + (n – 1)d 1
Sol. Given, a3 + a7 = 6 and a3 × a7 = 8
or, 5 = 23 + (n – 1)(– 2)
or, 2a + 8d = 6 and (a + 2d)(a + 6d) = 8. 1
pa

or, n = 10 2
or, a + 4d = 3 or, a = 3 – 4d.
Total number of rose plants in the flower bed,
and (a + 2d)(a + 6d) = 8
e

n
Substituting the value of a = (3 – 4d), we get Sn = [2 a +( n - 1)d ]
pl

(3 – 4d + 2d)(3 – 4d + 6d) = 8 2
am

or, (3 + 2d)(3 – 2d) = 8 or, 9 – 4d2 = 8 1 S10 = 5(46 – 18)

= 140. 1
1 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
4d2 = 1 or, d2 =
ls

4 Q. 15. A sum of ` 1890 is to be used to give seven cash
al

1 prizes to students of a school for their overall

or, d =±
@

academic performance. If each prize is ` 50 less

2
than its preceding prize, find the value of each of
1 the prizes. A [Board Term-2, 2012 (5)]
Case (i) : d = and, a = 1; 1
2 Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 3. in SATQ-II
n Q. 16. If the sum of first m terms of an A.P. is same as the
Sn = [ 2 a + (n − 1)d ] sum of its first n terms (m ≠ n), show that the sum
2
of its first (m + n) terms is zero.
20  19 
Then, S20 = 2+  [Board Term-2, 2012 (12)]
2  2
Sol. Let 1st term of series be a, common difference be d,
S20 = 115 then ½
1 Sm = Sn
Case (ii) : d =– and a = 5; 1
2 m n
or, [2 a +( m - 1)d ] = [2 a +( n - 1)d ] 1
20   1  2 2
Then, S20 = 2 × 5 + 19 ×  −  
2   2  or, 2a(m – n) + {(m2 – n2) – (m – n)}d = 0 ½
or, 2a(m – n) + {(m – n)(m + n) – (m – n)}d = 0
 19 
= 10 10 −  = 5 or, (m – n)[2a + (m + n – 1)d] = 0
 2
or, 2a + (m + n – 1)d = 0, [Q m – n ≠ 0]
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 111
Q. 20. The ratio of the sums of first m and first n terms of
m+n an A.P. is m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of its mth and
∴ Sm + n = [2 a +( m + n - 1)d ] 1
2 nth terms is (2m – 1):(2n – 1).
m+n [CBSE Board Delhi Set I 2017]
= ×0 = 0. 1 Sol. Let first term of given A.P. be a and common
2 difference be d also sum of first m and first n terms
Hence Proved. be Sm and Sn respectively.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012] Sm m2
\ = 2 1
Q. 17. A man repays a loan of ` 3250 by paying ` 20 in the Sn n
first month and then increases the payment by ` 15
every month. How long will it take him to clear the m
[ 2 a + (m − 1)d ] m2
loan ? A [Board Term-2, 2012 Set (34)] or, 2
= 2
n n
Sol. Here, a = 20, d = 15
2
[ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ]
and Sn = 3250
2 a + ( m − 1)d 2
n or, = m ×n =m 1
Then, Sn = [ 2 a +( n - 1)d ]
2 a + ( n − 1)d n 2
m n
2

m
or, m(2a + (n – 1)d) = n[2a + (m – 1)d] 1
n
or, 3250 = [2 a +( n - 1)×15] 1 d = 2a

ra
2
am a + ( m − 1)d
or, 3250 × 2 = n[40 + 15n – 15] Now =

eg
an a + ( n − 1)d
or, 6500 = n[25 + 15n]
or, 1300 = n[5 + 3n] a + ( m − 1) × 2 a

l
=

te
or, 3n2 + 5n – 1300 = 0 a + ( n − 1) × 2 a
or, 3n2 + 65n – 60n – 1300 = 0
a + 2ma − 2 a 2ma − a a( 2m − 1)
df
or, n(3n + 65) – 20(3n + 65) = 0 or, = = 1
or, (n – 20)(3n + 65) = 0 1 a + 2na − 2 a 2na − a a( 2n − 1)

sp

65 = 2m – 1 : 2n – 1 Proved.
Either n =– , (not possible) 1
3 1 1
r

Q. 21. If the pth term of an A.P. is and qth term is

pe

or n = 20 .
q p
Thus, Man will repay loan in 20 months. 1
Prove that the sum of first pq term of the A.P. is
pa

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2012]

 pq+1 
Q. 18. If 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 ..... + x = 287, find the value  2 . [CBSE Board Delhi Set III 2017]
e

 
of x. A [Board Foreign Set-I 2017]
pl

Sol. Given, a = 1 and d = 3. Sol. Let first term and common difference of given A.P.
am

Let number of terms in the series be n. be a and d respectively.

n 1
\ Sn = [ 2 a + ( n − 1)d ] 1 \ ap = a + (p – 1)d = ...(i) 1
2 q
ls

n 1
al

\

2
[ 2 × 1 + (n − 1)3] = 287 and aq = a + (q – 1)d =
p
...(ii) 1
@

n Solving (i) and (ii) we get

or,

2
[ 2 + (3n − 3)] = 287
1 1
a= and d = 1
or, 3n2 – n = 574 pq pq
2
or, 3n – n – 574 = 0
or, 3n2 – 42n + 41n – 574 = 0 pq  1 1
\ Spq =  2 × + ( pq − 1) 
or, 3n(n – 14) + 41(n – 14) = 0 2  pq pq 
or, (n – 14)(3n + 41) = 0 1½
pq + 1
n = 14 = 1
41 2
or, n=– , it is not possible [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017]
3
Q. 22. If the ratio of the 11th term of an A.P. to its 18th
Thus, the 14th term is x,
term is 2 : 3, find the ratio of the sum of the first
\ a + (n – 1)d = x five term to the sum of its first 10 terms.
or, 1 + 13 × 3 = x
[Delhi Compt. Set I, II, III 2017]
Hence, x = 40. 1½
a11 a + 10d 2
Q. 19. Find the sum of first 24 terms of an A.P. whose nth Sol. Since, = =
term given by an = 3 + 2n. a18 a + 17 d 3
A [Board Outside Delhi Comptt. Set I, II, III 2017] or, 2(a + 17d) = 3(a + 10d) 1
Sol. Try yourself, Similar to Q. 6. in SATQ-I a = 4d ...(i)
112 ] Oswaal CBSE Chapterwise & Topicwise Question Bank, MATHEMATICS, Class – X

5 or, 3a + 51d = 429

S5 (2 a + 4d ) or, 225 + 51d = 429 or, d = 4 ½
Now, = 2 ½
S10 10
[2 a + 9d ]
First term, a1 = a – 18d = 75 – 18 × 4 = 3.
2
a2 = 3 + 4 = 7
Putting the value of a = 4d, we get 1
Hence, A.P. = 3, 7, 11, ........ , 147. 1
5
S5 (8 d + 4 d ) Q. 24. The sum of four consecutive numbers in an A.P. is
or, = 2 1 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and the
S10 5 (8 d + 9 d )
last term to the product of two middle terms is 7 :
12d 6 15. Find the numbers. [CBSE Delhi/OD Set-2018]
= ½
34 d 17
Sol. Let the four consecutive terms of A.P. be
Hence, S5 : S10 = 6:17. (a – 3d), (a – d), (a + d) and (a + 3d). ½
Q. 23. An A.P. consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three
By given conditions
middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last
three terms is 429. Find the A.P. [HOTS] a – 3d + a – d + d + a + 3d = 32
[Sample Paper 2017] ⇒ 4a = 32 ⇒ a = 8 ½
Sol. Let the middle most terms of the A.P. be (a – d), ( a - 3d )( a + 3d ) 7

m
a and (a + d). And = 1
( a - d )( a + d ) 15

ra
Given, a – d + a + a + d = 225
or, 3a = 225 1 a 2 - 9d 2 7
=

eg
or, a = 75 ½ 2
a -d 2
15
37 + 1
and the middle term = = 19th term

l
2 d2 = 4

te
\ A.P. is d = ±2 1
(a – 18d), ....., (a – 2d), (a – d), a, (a + d), (a + 2d), .... ,
df
Hence, the numbers are 2, 6, 10 and 14 or 14, 10, 6
(a + 18d) 1 and 2. 1
sp

Sum of last three terms

[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018]
(a + 18d) + (a + 17d) + (a + 16d) = 429
r
pe

Q. 25. If the ratio of the sum of the first n terms of two A.Ps is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), then find the ratio of their 9th
terms. A [Outseide Delhi Set III 2017]
pa

Sol.
e
pl
am
ls
al
@

[Topper's Answer, 2017] 4

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS [ 113

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