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Introduction to Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Introduction
to Engineering
Fluid Mechanics

Marcel Escudier

3
 3
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,
and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of
Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
© Marcel Escudier 2017
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First Edition published in 2017
Impression: 1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics
rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data available
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016954938
ISBN 978–0–19–871987–8 (hbk.)
ISBN 978–0–19–871988–5 (pbk.)
Printed and bound by
CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and
for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials
contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
To my wife Agnes, our son Stephen, and the memory of my Mother
and Grandmother
Preface

A fluid is a material substance in the form of a liquid, a gas, or a vapour. The most common
examples, to be found in both everyday life and in engineering applications, are water, air, and
steam, the latter being the vapour form of water. The flow (i.e. motion) of fluids is essential to
the functioning of a wide range of machinery, including the internal-combustion engine, the
gas turbine (which includes the turbojet, turbofan, turboshaft, and turboprop engines), wind
and hydraulic turbines, pumps, compressors, rapidly rotating discs (as in computer drives),
aircraft, spacecraft, road vehicles, and marine craft. This book is concerned primarily with
Newtonian fluids, such as water and air, for which the viscosity is independent of the flow. The
quantitative understanding of fluid flow, termed fluid dynamics, is based upon the application
of Newton’s laws of motion together with the law of mass conservation. To analyse the flow
of a gas or a vapour, for which the density changes in response to pressure changes (known
as compressible fluids), it is also necessary to take into account the laws of thermodynamics,
particularly the first law in the form of the steady-flow energy equation. The subject of fluid
mechanics encompasses both fluid statics and fluid dynamics. Fluid statics concerns the vari-
ation of pressure in a fluid at rest (as will be seen in Chapter 4, this limitation needs to be stated
more precisely), and is the basis for a simple model of the earth’s atmosphere.
This text is aimed primarily at students studying for a degree in mechanical engineering
or any other branch of engineering where fluid mechanics is a core subject. Aeronautical (or
aerospace), chemical, and civil engineering are all disciplines where fluid mechanics plays an
essential rôle. That is not to say that fluid flow is of no significance in other areas, such as
biomedical engineering. The human body involves the flow of several different fluids, some
quite ordinary such as air in the respiratory system and water-like urine in the renal system.
Other fluids, like blood in the circulatory system, and synovial fluid, which lubricates the joints,
have complex non-Newtonian properties, as do many synthetic liquids such as paint, slurries,
and pastes. A brief introduction to the rheology and flow characteristics of non-Newtonian
liquids is given in Chapters 2, 15, and 16.
As indicated in the title, this text is intended to introduce the student to the subject of
fluid mechanics. It covers those topics normally encountered in a three-year mechanical-
engineering-degree course or the first and second years of a four-year mechanical-engineering-
degree course, as well as some topics covered in greater detail in the final years. The first ten
chapters cover material suitable for a first-year course or module in fluid mechanics. Com-
pressible flow, flow through axial-flow turbomachinery blading, internal viscous fluid flow,
laminar boundary layers, and turbulent flow are covered in the remaining eight chapters. There
are many other textbooks which cover a similar range of material as this text but often from
a much more mathematical point of view. Mathematics is essential to the analysis of fluid
flow but can be kept to a level within the capability of the majority of students, as is the in-
tention here where the emphasis is on understanding the basic physics. The analysis of many
viii PREFACE

flow situations rests upon a small number of basic equations which encapsulate the underly-
ing physics. Between these fundamental equations and the final results, which can be applied
directly to the solution of engineering problems, can be quite extensive mathematical manip-
ulation and it is all too easy to lose sight of the final aim. A basic understanding of vectors is
required but not of vector analysis. Tensor notation and analysis is also not required and the
use of calculus is kept to a minimum.
The approach to certain topics may be unfamiliar to some lecturers. A prime example is di-
mensional analysis, which we suggest is approached using the mathematically simple method
of sequential elimination of dimensions (Ipsen’s method). The author believes that this tech-
nique has clear pedagogical advantages over the more widely used Rayleigh’s exponent method,
which can easily leave the student with the mistaken (and potentially dangerous) idea that any
physical process can be represented by a simple power-law formula. The importance of dimen-
sions and dimensional analysis is stressed throughout the book. The author has also found that
the development of the linear momentum equation described in Chapter 9 is more straightfor-
ward to present to students than it is via Reynolds transport theorem. The approach adopted
here shows very clearly the relationship with the familiar F = ma form of Newton’s second
law of motion and avoids the need to introduce an entirely new concept which is ultimately
only a stepping stone to the end result. The treatment of compressible flow is also subtly dif-
ferent from most texts in that, for the most part, equations are developed in integral rather
than differential form. The analysis of turbomachinery is limited to flow through the blading
of axial-flow machines and relies heavily on Chapters 3, 10, and 11.
‘Why do we need a fluid mechanics textbook containing lots of equations and algebra, given
that computer software packages, such as FLUENT and PHOENICS, are now available which
can perform very accurate calculations for a wide range of flow situations?’ To answer this
question we need first to consider what is meant by accurate in this context. The description of
any physical process or situation has to be in terms of equations. In the case of fluid mechanics,
the full set of governing equations is extremely complex (non-linear, partial differential equa-
tions called the Navier-Stokes equations) and to solve practical problems we deal either with
simplified, or approximate, equations. Typical assumptions are that all fluid properties remain
constant, that viscosity (the essential property which identifies any material as being a fluid)
plays no role, that the flow is steady (i.e. there are no changes with time at any given location
within the fluid), or that fluid and flow properties vary only in the direction of flow (so-called
one-dimensional flow). The derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations, and the accompanying
continuity equation, is the subject of Chapter 15. Exact analytical solution of these equations
is possible only for a handful of highly simplified, idealised situations, often far removed from
the real world of engineering. Although these solutions are certainly mathematically accur-
ate, due to the simplifications on which the equations are based they cannot be said to be an
accurate representation of physical reality. Even numerical solutions, however numerically ac-
curate, are often based upon simplified versions of the Navier-Stokes equations. In the case
of turbulent flow, the topic of Chapter 18, calculations of practical interest are based upon
approximate equations which attempt to model the correlations which arise when the Navier-
Stokes equations are time averaged. It is remarkable that valuable information about practical
engineering problems can be obtained from considerations of simplified equations, such as the
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 PREFACE ix

one-dimensional equations, at minimal cost in terms of both time and money. What is essen-
tial, however, is a good physical understanding of basic fluid mechanics and a knowledge of
what any computer software should be based upon. It is the aim of this text to provide just that.
Already in this brief Preface the names Navier, Newton, Rayleigh, Reynolds, and Stokes
have appeared. In Appendix 1 we provide basic biographical information about each of the
scientists and engineers whose names appear in this book and indicate their contributions to
fluid mechanics.
Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the influence of several outstanding teachers, both as a
student at Imperial College London and subsequently as a Research Associate at the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology. My interest in, and enjoyment of, fluid mechanics was sparked
when I was an undergraduate by the inspiring teaching of Robert Taylor. Brian Spalding, my
PhD supervisor, and Brian Launder are not only internationally recognised for their research
contributions but were also excellent communicators and teachers from whom I benefitted
as a postgraduate student. As a research associate at MIT I attended lectures and seminars
by Ascher H. Shapiro, James A. Fay, Ronald F. Probstein, and Erik Mollo-Christensen, all in-
spiring teachers. Finally, my friend Fernando Tavares de Pinho has given freely of his time to
answer with insight many questions which have arisen in the course of writing this book.

Marcel Escudier
Cheshire, August 2016
Contents

Notation xxi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 What are fluids and what is fluid mechanics? 7

1.2 Fluid mechanics in nature 9
1.3 External flows 11
1.4 Internal flows 13
1.5 SUMMARY 16

2 Fluids and fluid properties 17

2.1 Fluids and solids 17

2.2 Fluid density ρ 20
2.3 Atoms, molecules, and moles 22
2.4 Perfect-gas law 22
2.5 Continuum hypothesis and molecular mean free path 24
2.6 Equation of state for liquids 28
2.7 Specific volume v, relative density σ , and specific weight w 29
2.8 Dynamic viscosity (viscosity) μ 30
2.9 Kinematic viscosity ν 35
2.10 Non-Newtonian liquids 35
2.11 Bulk modulus of elasticity K and compressibility 37
2.12 Speed of sound c 39
2.13 Vapour pressure pV , boiling, and cavitation 40
2.14 Surface tension σ and contact angle θ 42
2.15 SUMMARY 45
2.16 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 46
xiv CONTENTS

3 Units of measurement, dimensions, and dimensional

analysis 47

3.1 Units of measurement 47

3.2 The International System of Units (SI) 49
3.3 Dimensions 50
3.4 Combining dimensions and combining units 51
3.5 The principle of dimensional consistency (or homogeneity) 53
3.6 Dimensional versus non-dimensional representation 55
3.7 Buckingham’s  (pi) theorem 57
3.8 Sequential elimination of dimensions (Ipsen’s method) 58
3.9 Rayleigh’s exponent method 64
3.10 Inspection method 66
3.11 Role of units in dimensional analysis 66
3.12 Special non-dimensional groups 68
3.13 Non-dimensional groups as force ratios 74
3.14 Similarity and scaling 75
3.15 Scaling complications 79
3.16 Other Reynolds-number considerations 81
3.17 SUMMARY 82
3.18 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 83

4 Pressure variation in a fluid at rest (hydrostatics) 87

4.1 Pressure at a point: Pascal’s law 87

4.2 Pressure variation in a fluid at rest; the hydrostatic equation 89
4.3 Pressure variation in a constant-density fluid at rest 91
4.4 Basic pressure measurement 93
4.5 Mercury barometer 93
4.6 Piezometer tube 95
4.7 U-tube manometer 96
4.8 Effect of surface tension 100
4.9 Inclined-tube manometer 101
4.10 Multiple fluid layers 105
4.11 Variable-density fluid; stability 107
4.12 Deep oceans 108
4.13 Earth’s atmosphere 108
 CONTENTS xv

4.14 Pressure variation in an accelerating fluid 116

4.15 SUMMARY 118
4.16 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 119

5 Hydrostatic force exerted on a submerged surface 124

5.1 Resultant force on a body due to uniform surface pressure 124

5.2 Vertical component of the hydrostatic force acting on a submerged
surface 126
5.3 Archimedes’ principle and buoyancy force on a submerged body 133
5.4 Hydrostatic force acting on a submerged vertical flat plate 137
5.5 Hydrostatic force acting on a submerged curved surface 143
5.6 Stability of a fully-submerged body 147
5.7 Stability of a freely floating body and metacentric height 148
5.8 SUMMARY 154
5.9 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 154

6 Kinematic description of fluids in motion

and approximations 161

6.1 Fluid particles 161

6.2 Steady-flow assumption 162
6.3 Pathlines, streamlines, streamsurfaces, and streamtubes 162
6.4 No-slip condition and the boundary layer 163
6.5 Single-phase flow 164
6.6 Isothermal, incompressible, and adiabatic flow 164
6.7 One-dimensional flow 165
6.8 One-dimensional continuity equation (mass-conservation equation) 166
6.9 Average flow velocity V 170
6.10 Flow of a constant-density fluid 171
6.11 SUMMARY 172
6.12 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 172

7 Bernoulli’s equation 174

7.1 Net force on an elemental slice of fluid flowing through a streamtube 174
7.2 Acceleration of a fluid slice 176
7.3 Euler’s equation 178
xvi CONTENTS

7.4 Bernoulli’s equation 178

7.5 Interpretations of Bernoulli’s equation 180
7.6 Pressure loss versus pressure difference 184
7.7 SUMMARY 185
7.8 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 186

8 Engineering applications of Bernoulli’s equation 187

8.1 Wind-tunnel contraction 187

8.2 Venturi-tube flowmeter 188
8.3 Venturi-tube design and the coefficient of discharge CD 190
8.4 Other Venturi-tube applications 193
8.5 Orifice-plate flowmeter 195
8.6 Other differential-pressure inline flowmeters 198
8.7 Formula One racing car 198
8.8 Pitot tube 201
8.9 Pitot-static tube 203
8.10 Liquid draining from a tank 204
8.11 Cavitation in liquid flows 209
8.12 SUMMARY 211
8.13 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 212

9 Linear momentum equation and hydrodynamic forces 215

9.1 Problem under consideration 215

9.2 Basic linear momentum equation 217
9.3 Fluid-structure interaction force 221
9.4 Hydrodynamic reaction force 223
9.5 SUMMARY 226
9.6 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 226

10 Engineering applications of the linear momentum

equation 228

10.1 Force required to restrain a convergent nozzle 228

10.2 Rocket-engine thrust 231
10.3 Turbojet-engine thrust 234
10.4 Turbofan-engine thrust 239
 CONTENTS xvii

10.5 Flow through a sudden enlargement 241

10.6 Jet pump (or ejector or injector) 245
10.7 Reaction force on a pipe bend 252
10.8 Reaction force on a pipe junction 257
10.9 Flow through a linear cascade of guidevanes 259
10.10 Free jet impinging on an inclined flat surface 263
10.11 Pelton impulse hydraulic turbine 266
10.12 SUMMARY 269
10.13 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 270

11 Compressible fluid flow 275

11.1 Introductory remarks 275

11.2 Thermodynamics 275
11.3 Bernoulli’s equation and other relations for compressible-gas flow 279
11.4 Subsonic flow and supersonic flow 281
11.5 Mach wave and Mach angle 281
11.6 Steady, one-dimensional, isentropic, perfect-gas flow through
a gradually convergent duct 283
11.7 Steady, one-dimensional, isentropic, perfect-gas flow through a
convergent-divergent nozzle 287
11.8 Normal shockwaves 296
11.9 Perfectly expanded, underexpanded, and overexpanded nozzle flow 307
11.10 SUMMARY 309
11.11 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 309

12 Oblique shockwaves and expansion fans 311

12.1 Oblique shockwaves 311

12.2 Prandtl-Meyer expansion fan (centred expansion fan) 317
12.3 Supersonic aerofoils and shock-expansion theory 321
12.4 SUMMARY 327
12.5 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 328

13 Compressible pipe flow 330

13.1 Basic equations 330

13.2 Adiabatic pipe flow with wall friction: Fanno flow 332
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xviii CONTENTS

13.3 Isothermal pipe flow with wall friction 347

13.4 Frictionless pipe flow with heat addition or extraction: Rayleigh flow 353
13.5 SUMMARY 360
13.6 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 360

14 Flow through axial-flow-turbomachinery blading 362

14.1 Turbomachinery (general) 362

14.2 Dimensional analysis and basic non-dimensional parameters 363
14.3 Linear blade cascade: Geometry and notation 367
14.4 Incompressible flow through a linear cascade 369
14.5 Compressible flow through a linear cascade 372
14.6 Rotor-flow velocity triangles 377
14.7 Euler’s turbomachinery equation for an axial-flow rotor 378
14.8 Compressible flow through an axial turbomachine stage 381
14.9 Degree of reaction Λ 385
14.10 SUMMARY 388
14.11 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 389

15 Basic equations of viscous-fluid flow 391

15.1 Equations of motion in Cartesian-coordinate form 391

15.2 Equations of motion in cylindrical-coordinate form 401
15.3 Boundary conditions 405
15.4 Non-dimensional form of the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations 405
15.5 Flow of a generalised Newtonian fluid 406
15.6 SUMMARY 409

16 Internal laminar flow 410

16.1 General remarks 410

16.2 Poiseuille flow of a Newtonian fluid, hydraulic diameter, and Poiseuille
number 412
16.3 Poiseuille flow through an axisymmetric cylindrical duct 416
16.4 Combined plane Couette and Poiseuille flow between infinite
parallel plates: Couette-Poiseuille flow 421
16.5 Taylor-Couette flow 427
16.6 Poiseuille flow of generalised Newtonian fluids between
infinite parallel plates 431
 CONTENTS xix

16.7 Viscometer equations 438

16.8 SUMMARY 442
16.9 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 443

17 Laminar boundary layers 445

17.1 Introductory remarks 445

17.2 Two-dimensional laminar boundary-layer equations 447
17.3 Flat-plate laminar boundary layer: Blasius’ solution 451
17.4 Wedge-flow laminar boundary layers: Falkner and Skan’s equation 461
17.5 von Kármán’s momentum-integral equation 468
17.6 Profile methods of solution 473
17.7 Aerofoil lift in subsonic flow 484
17.8 SUMMARY 487
17.9 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 488

18 Turbulent flow 490

18.1 Transitional and turbulent flow 490

18.2 Reynolds decomposition, Reynolds averaging, and Reynolds stresses 491
18.3 Turbulent-kinetic-energy equation and Reynolds-stress equation 494
18.4 Turbulence scales 496
18.5 Turbulence modelling 498
18.6 Two-dimensional turbulent boundary layers and Couette flow 499
18.7 Plane turbulent Couette flow and the Law of the Wall 499
18.8 Fully-developed turbulent flow through a smooth circular pipe 506
18.9 Surface roughness 508
18.10 Fully-developed turbulent flow through a rough-surface circular pipe 509
18.11 Minor losses in pipe systems 511
18.12 Momentum-integral equation 517
18.13 Flat-plate boundary layer 518
18.14 Boundary layers with streamwise pressure gradient 525
18.15 Bluff-body drag 526
18.16 SUMMARY 531
18.17 SELF-ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS 532
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they were supported, ashamed as they felt of the resource to
which they had been driven; and resolved, if possible, to escape
the anticipated derision of their neighbours on its disclosure. It
was only when about to be dragged before their stern inquisitors,
that one of the girls, drawing aside the covering of a great barrel
which stood in a corner of their domicile, discovered, without
violating her oath, that the youthful pair had been driven to the
desperate necessity of collecting and preserving for food large
quantities of these Limacinæ, which they ultimately acknowledged
to have proved to them generous and even agreeable sustenance.
To the credit of the times of George Wishart—a glimpse of pre-
reforming enlightenment—the explanation sufficed; the young
women escaped with their lives, and were even applauded for
their prudence.’
117 Summer Life on Land and Water. By William W. Fyfe. 1851.
118 Remarkable Passages of the Lord’s Providence towards Mr
John Spreull, Town-clerk of Glasgow, 1635-54. T. Stevenson,
Edinburgh, 1832.
119 Arbroath Guide, Oct. 2, 1847.
120 Executed in the Palace-yard, Westminster, 9th March 1649.
121 6th October 1648—‘appoints the four bailies, the old provost
[Archibald Tod], the deacon of the chirurgeons, and their clerk, to
go down to the Canongate in the afternoon, and in the Council’s
name salute the Lord Cromwell, lieutenant-general of the English
forces, and thir presents sall be their warrand.’—Ed. Council
Register.
122 Defoe’s Review of the Brit. Nation, 1709.
123 Life of Cameron of Lochiel.
124 Balfour’s Annals. Britain’s Distemper, by Patrick Gordon.
125 Excerpts from Fraser of Wardlaw’s Memoirs. Inverness
Courier.
126 Rescinded Acts. Records of Kirk of Scotland.
127 Balfour’s Annals, iii. 427.
128 Son to umquhile John Stewart, usher to his majesty.
129 Acts of Estates, MS. Gen. Reg. House.
130 This narration is taken from Fergusson’s Diary, as quoted in
Satan’s Invisible World. We are obliged, however, for the name of
the minister to Wodrow, Analecta, i. 65.
131 Maitland Miscel., i. 439.
132 From tradition.
133 On the 18th of March 1647, finding that ‘the pride and
insolency of excommunicate persons doeth exceedingly increase,
and that the dreadful censure of excommunication is much
slighted and vilipended, whereby God is much dishonoured,’ the
Estates passed an act renewing the force of all previous acts
against such persons, and ordaining that, after forty days, letters
of horning and caption should be issued against them, to be of
full force unless they can shew that they have given ‘full
obedience and satisfaction to the kirk.’ The acts against papists
were at the same time renewed; none such to be capable of
public employment, husbands to be ‘countable for their wives’ if
the ladies should reset priests, and no person to take a servant
unprovided with ‘a testimonial of the soundness of their religion
from the minister where they dwelt.’
134 Register of the Presbytery of Lanark. Acts of the Scottish
Parliament, MS.
135 Records of Kirk of Scotland, p. 473.
136 Nicoll’s Diary.
137 Kirkton’s Hist. Church Scot., p. 64.
138 Nicoll’s Diary, p. 8.
139 Dr Wilde, in Census of Ireland for 1851; part V., vol. i., p.
110.
140 Baillie’s Letters, iii. pp. 97, 550.
141 See an interesting narration on this subject in Mr Mark
Napier’s Montrose and the Covenanters, 1838.
142 The formula used on the occasion is given in the following
terms by a writer of the seventeenth century: ‘When any one
dies, the bellman goes about ringing the passing bell, and
acquaints the people therewith in the following form: “Beloved
brethren and sisters, I let you to wit, that there is ane faithful
brother lately departed out of this present warld, at the pleasure
of Almichty God (and then he veils his bonnet); his name is Wully
Woodcock, third son to Jemmy Woodcock, a cordinger; he ligs at
the sixt door within the Norgate, close on the Nether Wynd, and I
would you gang to his burying on Thursday before twa o’clock,
&c.” The time appointed for his burying being come, the bellman
calls the company together, and he is carried to the burying-place,
and thrown into the grave as dog Lion was, and there is an end of
Wully.’—A Modern Account of Scotland, 1670. Harleian Miscellany,
vi. 121.
143 The mansion of the Earl of Moray in the Canongate, the same
house that Cromwell occupied on his brief visit in 1648. It is now
the Normal School of the Education Committee of the Free Church
of Scotland.
144 These anecdotes appear in A Short Abridgment of Britain’s
Distemper from 1639 to 1649. By Patrick Gordon of Ruthven.
Spalding Club. 1844. They are placed by the author in connection
with Cromwell’s comparatively peaceful visit to Edinburgh in 1648,
but must, beyond a doubt, refer to the crisis of 1650.
145 See under date December 18, 1649.
146 The small county of Kinross was included.
147 The annual valued rent of Fife and Kinross in 1674 amounted
to £383,379 Scots.
148 It appears from factory accounts in the Caldwell papers as if
oats fluctuated in the period 1645-54 between 6s. 1d. and 17s.
8d. sterling per boll. But probably the highest prices do not
chance to occur in these accounts.
149 Shew themselves.
150 Nicoll, p. 67.
151 Spalding Miscellany, iii. 205.
152 From a copy of the petition in possession of the present
Irvine of Drum.
153 See under July 18, 1649.
154 Illust. Shires of Aber. and Banff. Spal. Club. Vol. i. p. 285.
155 Apparently a tax imposed on houses—equivalent to hearth-
money.
156 A small sect who held that families were the only proper
congregations.
157 Register of the Committee of Estates (Gen. Reg. House),
Sept. 28, 1660.
158 Account of the Regalia, by Sir Walter Scott.
159 Burgh Record of Peebles.
160 Strang’s Glasgow and its Clubs, p. 7.
161 Whitelocke’s Memorials, 514, 515.
162 Quoted in Spottiswoode Miscellany, ii. 91.
163 Whitelock, 520.
164 See the Court of Session Garland (Stevenson, Edinburgh,
1839), p. 4.
165 Heath’s Chronicle, p. 356.
166 Mil. Memoirs of the Great Civil War, 4to, p. 220.
167 Memoirs of Locheil, p. 129.
168 Clarendon.
169 Wogan lay at Weem during his illness, and might therefore
have been expected to lie interred in the churchyard of that
parish; but Heath gives Kenmore as his last resting-place.
170 Abbreviate of Justiciary Register, by Lord Fountainhall,
quoted in notes to Law’s Memorials, p. 91.
171 Caldwell Papers, i. 92.
172 Satan’s Invisible World Discovered.
173 Nicoll’s Diary.
174 Baillie’s Letters, iii. 323.
175 About July 1655, a woman in Suffolk was taken possession of
by a devil at a Quaker meeting, and carried home, where she
soon after died. A circumstance which figures in the diagnosis of
many cases of alleged possession, is related regarding her.
‘Something ran up and down in her body under the skin, that
bellowed in her like a calf.’—Nic.
176 In an act of the Estates, March 22, 1647, it is acknowledged
that, at Martinmas of the preceding year, the debt owing to Sir
William Dick by the public was £533,971, 6s. 9d. Scots. In a
supplication, he set forth ‘his hard and distrest condition for want
thereof.’
177 The English parliament, March 3, 1660, granted a protection
to Sir Andrew Dick, and continued to him a pension of £5 a week
which had been for some time in arrears, recommending him at
the same time to the Council of State for such preferment in
Scotland as he is capable of.—Mercurius Politicus: March 15,
1660.
178 Mercurius Politicus, May 20, 1658.
179 Baillie’s Letters, iii. 387.
180 Lives of the Lyndsays, i. 296.
181 Parliamentary Diary, iv. 168. Desborough, along with one
Downing, represented Edinburgh in the parliament which
Cromwell assembled at Westminster in 1654.
182 Baillie. Letters, iii. 438. The countess is said by Baillie to have
been the medium through which the Scottish nobility acted on
General Monk, in prompting him to go to London, just before the
Restoration.
183 A Journey through Scotland, in Familiar Letters, &c. 8vo.
London, 1723.
184 In August 1657, his son, Lord Linton, was cited before the
presbytery of Peebles for certain scandalous miscarriages—as,
frequent absence from church, drinking, and swearing. He
submitted, and was rebuked. On the 3d of December of the same
year, ‘the presbytery, taking into their consideration a letter of
complaint formerly sent unto them by the Lord Linton,
complaining of his father as slandering him of unnatural dealing
towards his parents,’ appointed a committee to speak with them
both, and report. Lord Linton was afterwards asked to give in
particulars of his complaint, but he does not appear to have
complied with the request.
185 Inverness Courier, January 1851.
186 Stirk, a young ox. Hawkit, white-faced.
187 John Mean had assisted Montrose and the Engagement, and
incurred losses on these accounts. Acts of S. Parl., vii., App. 93.
188 We only know of this act from its being alluded to in the Privy
Council Record.
189 Cosmo Innes’s Preface to the Acts of the Parliament of
Scotland, 1844.
190 Thomson’s Scottish Acts, xi., App. p. 139.
191 See under March 1652.
192 In the parish of Aberdour, on the north coast of
Aberdeenshire, is the house of Auchmedden, once belonging to a
family named Baird. A local writer in 1724 reports that, among
some high rocks near the Auchmedden millstone quarry, ‘there is
an eagle’s nest; and the pair which breed there have continued in
that place time out of mind, sending away their young ones every
year, so that there is never more stays but the old pair.’193 ‘At one
period,’ says a writer of our own day, ‘there was a pair of eagles
that regularly nestled and brought forth their young in the rocks
of Pennan; but, according to the tradition of the country, when
the late Earl of Aberdeen purchased the estate from the Bairds,
the former proprietors, the eagles disappeared, in fulfilment of a
prophecy of Thomas the Rhymer, “that there should be an eagle
in the crags while there was a Baird in Auchmedden.” But the
most remarkable circumstance, and what certainly appears
incredible, is, that when Lord Haddo, eldest son of the Earl of
Aberdeen, married Miss Christian Baird of New Byth, the eagles
returned to the rocks, and remained until the estate passed into
the hands of the Hon. William Gordon, when they again fled, and
have never since been seen in the country. These facts,
marvellous as they may appear, are attested by a cloud of famous
witnesses.’194
193 View of Dio. of Aberdeen, Spal. Club, p. 447.
194 New Stat. Acc. of Scot.
195 See under May 21, 1650.
196 See Spottiswoode Miscellany, vol. ii., for a series of extracts.
197 Life of Thomas Ruddiman, 117.
198 Wodrow’s Analecta, i. 301.
199 Analecta, i. 106.
200 Law’s Memorials. By C. K. Sharpe, p. lxviii.
201 Contemporary with Kincaid flourished, in the north country, a
pricker named John Dick. One named John Hay, a messenger in
Tain, who had reached sixty without any discredit attaching to his
name, was denounced by a distracted woman as a wizard, and
immediately seems to have fallen into the hands of Dick, who,
without any authority, pricked him all over his body, having first
shaved his head to ascertain that there were no insensible parts
in that region. He was then transferred to Edinburgh, a journey of
nearly two hundred miles, and locked up in the Tolbooth. On a
petition from Hay, and the exhibition of certificates of character,
he was ordered by the Lords of Council to be liberated.
202 Kincaid lay nine weeks in jail, and then petitioned for his
liberty, representing that, being an old man, he had suffered
much in health by his confinement, and, if longer confined, might
be brought to mortal sickness; whereupon the Lords liberated
him, on condition of his giving security that he would prick no
more without warrant.
203 The full confessions of Isobel Gowdie and Janet Braidhead,
being perhaps the two most remarkable witch-cases on record in
Scotland, are given in Mr Pitcairn’s Criminal Trials, iii. 600. From
these confessions, the following narration is made up.
204 The hiatus here supplied are a consequence of mutilation of
the manuscript.
205 Stubble.
206 A Dismal Account of the Burning of our Solemn League and
National Covenant ... at Linlithgow, May 29, 1662. Reprinted by
Stevenson, Edinburgh, 1832.
207 Wood’s Peerage, quoting Morison’s Decisions, 5626.
208 In those days, there being as yet no habeas corpus act, it
was quite common for persons suspected of crimes to lie several
years untried in prison. On the 15th of February 1666, William
Drew petitioned for trial or liberation, after having been five years
confined in Glasgow jail, on a charge of murder exhibited against
him by the Laird of Keir.
209 In Richard Baxter’s treatise on the Divine Life are some
consolatory remarks which he addressed on this occasion to the
bereaved mother of the young earl.
210 View of Diocese of Aberdeen, Spal. Club.
211 Pepys’s Diary, 3d ed., ii. 408, 437.
212 In compliance with his petition, Leslie was relieved from the
duty of the collection.
213 Men near akin to the chief.
214 Introduction to the Heart of Midlothian.
215 M‘Ure’s Hist. of Glasgow (reprint), p. 166.
216 London Gazette, Feb. 18, 1667.
217 London Gazette, May 6, 1667.
218 Abbotsford Miscellany. Mungo Murray seems to have been a
lieutenant of the king’s guard, and to have enjoyed a pension of
£200. See Maitland Misc., iii. 154.
219 See a letter from Sir Robert Dalrymple Horn Elphinstone to Sir
James Stewart Denham, inserted in the Abbotsford edition of the
Waverley Novels.
220 About the time of his marriage, there are several entries
regarding him in the Privy Council Record, as having contravened
the law in the introduction and keeping of Irish cattle and horses.
221 The editor of Lamont’s Diary gives the following note on
George Wood’s funeral: ‘The revolting practice of attaching the
corpse of a debtor seems from this entry to have been known in
Scotland, even at this late period; while there does not appear to
have been any legal authority for its adoption. The notion of its
legality, however, still prevails among the vulgar in England; and
although the late Lord Ellenborough held it to be contrary to the
law of England, it was observed by the unfeeling creditors of
Weivitzer the actor, and of the celebrated Richard Brinsley
Sheridan. How absurd soever this notion may seem, a still more
glaring error is known in the north of Scotland. It is there believed
by the common people, that a widow is relieved of her husband’s
debts, if she follow his corpse to the door, and, in the presence of
the assembled mourners, openly call upon him to return and pay
his debts, as she is unable! Strange and unfeeling as this
ceremony may be, the editor recollects an instance in which it
was practised by the widow of a man in good society.’325
222 Sir George Mackenzie’s Mem. Affairs Scot., 4to, p. 183.
223 Mackenzie’s Mem. Affairs Scot., p. 244.
224 Weir had been an officer on the popular side in the Civil War.
In the registers of Estates, under March 3, 1647, reference is
made to a supplication of Major Thomas Weir, in which he craved
payment of 600 merks due to him by an act of the Committee of
Estates of date the 17th of December 1644, and also payment of
what might be due to him ‘for his service as major in the Earl of
Lanark’s regiment by the space of twell months, and his service in
Ireland as ane captain-lieutenant in Colonel Robert Home his
regiment by the space of nineteen months;’ further asking ‘that
the parliament wald ordain John Acheson, keeper of the
magazine, to re-deliver to the supplicant the band given by him to
the said John upon the receipt of ane thousand pound weight of
poulder, twa thousand weight of match, and ane thousand pound
weight of ball, sent with the supplicant to Dumfries for furnishing
that part of the country.’ The matter was given over to a
committee.
225 Ravaillac Redivivus, p. 64.
226 Mem. Affairs Scotland, p. 62.
227 See under August 1660.
228 Memorials, p. 43.
229 Analecta Scotica, ii. 167.
230 Sir George Mackenzie, Memoirs of Affairs of Scot., p. 217.
231 Mackenzie’s Mem. Scot. Affairs, p. 226.
232 A tight body-coat, from Fr. just-au corps.
233 See vol. i., p. 427.
234 See vol. ii., p. 318.
235 Edin. Council Record.
236 Arnot’s Hist. Edinburgh, 1779, p. 598.
237 It is usually stated that the first coffee-house in England was
set up in 1654 in a shed in the church-yard of St Michael, Cornhill,
by one Pasqua, a Greek, servant of Mr Daniel Edwards, a Smyrna
merchant.
238 A tall house of several stories so called in Edinburgh.
239 Crookshanks’s Hist. Ch. of Scot., ii. 127.
240 Sketches of Perthshire (1812), quoted in Letters on
Demonology.
241 Sir George Mackenzie’s Hist. Affairs of Scot., p. 7.
242 See Wodrow’s Analecta, i. 84.
243 Balbegno is the name of a small estate in that county, near
Middleton’s patrimonial property. It was bought in 1690 by
Middleton’s brother.—Wood’s Peerage.
244 Law cites the following couplet, apparently as the last words
of the apparition:
‘Plumashes above, and gramashes below,
It’s no wonder to see how the world doth go.’
Plumashes are plumages; gramashes, coarse hose used as
gaiters. The words seem to be used allegorically to express the
two opposite conditions of life—that of the gay cavalier and the
plain hard-working man.
245 ‘Lord Middleton used to assert that a certain palmister, whom
he met in his youth, had predicted his elevation to the supreme
command of his country; but the end of this prediction he always
concealed, which made his companions suspect it was tragical, as
afterwards it did indeed prove.’—Kirkton’s Church History.
246 Blackwood’s Magazine, v. 75. Mr Hogg mis-states the year as
1620.
247 Rec. of Justiciary, Arnot’s Crim. Trials, p. 138.
248 Answer to Scots Presbyterian Eloquence.
249 A copy of this document, extracted from the Record of the
Privy Council, is printed in full in the appendix to Pennant’s Tour.
It recites that Lachlan Maclean of Broloies, Hector Og Maclean his
brother, and others, had been denounced rebels for refusing to
answer to the Earl of Argyle, justiciar of Argyle, for having in the
preceding April assembled three or four hundred men by the fire-
process (the fiery cross) in Mull, Moveran, and other places, and
taken warlike possession of the lands of Knockersmartin, &c. It
grants commission to Lord Niel Campbell, and nine other
gentlemen, to raise forces and proceed in warlike manner against
the rebels, assuring them that no slaughter or fire-raising they
may commit will be imputed to them as a crime, provided only
they give an account of their proceedings before next New-year’s
Day.
250 A daughter of Hamilton of Bardowie, in Baldernoch parish,
designed to pay a visit to her sister-in-law at Hamilton, when a
deaf and dumb woman, who had a year before given a
remarkable warning, came to the house, and, with many signs,
endeavoured to dissuade the young lady from her journey. ‘She
takes her down to the yard, and cuts at the root of a tree, making
signs that it would fall and kill her. That not being understood by
her nor any of them, she takes her journey, the dumb lass holding
her to stay. When the young gentle-woman is at Hamilton, her
sister-in-law and she go forth to walk in the park; and in their
walking they both come under a tree that is cut through at the
root, and leaning by the top upon another tree. In that very
instant, they hear it shaking and coming down; her sister-in-law
turns to the right hand, and she herself flees to the left, that way
that the tree fell, and so it crushed her and wounded her sore, so
that she dies in two or three days’ sickness.’—Law.
251 Satan’s Invisible World Discovered, p. 4-10.
252 The idea of familiar spirits was entertained in this age by
persons of the most dignified character. In October 1675, the
bishop and synod of Aberdeen were engaged in considering
‘divers complaints that some, under pretence of trances and
familiarity with spirits, by going with these spirits commonly called
the fairies, hath spoken reproachfully of some persons, whereof
some are dead, and some living.’ The synod threatened both the
seducers and the consulters with censure, ‘if, after admonition
publicly given, they forbear not such practices, or to vent and
spread such reproachful speeches, whereof the seducers are the
authors.’—A. S. R.
253 Analecta Scotica, i. 117.
254 See under July 25, 1661, and April 1, 1662.
255 Several of the inhabitants of Mull told me, that they had
conversed with their relatives that were living at the harbour
when the ship was blown up, and they gave an account of a
remarkable providence that appeared, in the preservation of one
Dr Beaton (the famous physician of Mull), who was on board the
ship when she blew up, and was then sitting on the upper deck,
which was blown up entire, and thrown a good way off; yet the
doctor was saved, and lived several years after.—Martin’s Descrip.
West. Isles, 1703. See of the present work, vol. i. p. 189.
256 Ars Nova et Magna Gravitatis et Levitatis. In a subsequent
work, entitled Hydrostatical Experiments, Sinclair described a kind
of diving-bell of his own invention, which he called an Ark.
257 Archæologia Scot., iv. 437.
258 Works of Dr Alexander Pennecuik, p. 178.
259 The grandfather of the celebrated David Hume.
260 The distance is seventeen miles.
261 A Short Account of Scotland. Published in London in 1702.
262 Sir Walter Scott, Letters on Demonology, p. 323. Sir Walter
attributes the anecdote to a generation too late.
263 See under November 1665.
264 See under February 1589-90.
265 Fountainhall’s Decisions, i. 113.
266 Fountainhall’s Decisions, i. 157.
267 Fountainhall.
268 This is the traditionary account, from Sharpe’s Notes to
Kirkton’s History, p. 182.
269 Fountainhall.
270 Archæologia Scotica, i. 499.
271 Historical Observes, p. 49.
272 See Fountainhall’s Decisions, passim.
273 Fountainhall’s Historical Observes, p. 62.
274 The documents connected with this curious witch-trial are
printed in the Scots Magazine for 1772, and again in the same
work in 1814.
275 Vide Fynes Moryson on Scottish travelling, sub anno 1598.
276 Pace, the weight of a clock, from Fr. le poids.
277 Swey, a kind of crane moving on a hinge against a wall.
278 It might have been supposed that this was a descendant of
Sir Robert Bruce; but the account of the Clackmannan family in
Douglas’s Baronage takes no notice of such a person; and it was
beyond doubt Peter de Bruis, ‘a Flandrian,’ who is mentioned
several times in Fountainhall’s Decisions as building a harbour at
Cockenzie, and obtaining a privilege for making playing-cards.
279 It was at its perihelion on the 17th of December, when it was
only 128,000 geographical miles from the sun.
280 Abbotsford Miscellany, i. 356.
281 See vol. i. p. 421.
282 Pamphlet on Woollen Manufactories, printed at Edinburgh in
1683.
283 Memorials for the Gov. of Royal Burghs in Scotland. By
Philopoliteios [Bailie Skene of Aberdeen]. Aberdeen, 1685.
284 Husbandry Anatomised, or an Inquiry into the Present
Manner of Tilling the Ground in Scotland, &c. By Ja. Donaldson.
Edinburgh, 1697.
285 Provost Dickison was assassinated in 1572. See vol. i. p. 81.
286 Fount. Decisions, i. 189, 193.
287 This epizootic raged also in England and other countries. It
was a disease styled Angina Maligna (probably pneumonia); a
blue mist was seen on the pastures.—Short’s Chron. Hist. of Air
Meteors, &c., 1748.
288 This curious case is stated more briefly in the present
volume, p. 227.
289 The common men were paid at the rate of 6d. a day;
drummers, 1s.; sergeants, 1s. 6d.
290 Fountainhall’s Decisions, i. 187.
291 From original documents.
292 Fountainhall’s Decisions, i, 188. In January 1686, the widow
of Patrick Cunningham, apothecary, successfully pursued Lady
Evelick for two hundred merks, being a sum the lady had
promised in writing ‘for the skaith the said Patrick suffered when
her son James Douglas put fire in Harry Graham’s chamber.’—
Foun. Dec.
293 The jail of Dumfries seems to have then been either insecure
or ill-conducted. In May 1683 there was a complaint before the
Privy Council from Sir Patrick Maxwell of Springkell, regarding a
notorious robber named Ludovick Irving, whom he had caused to
be followed to Ireland, there apprehended, and then brought to
Dumfries at an expense to himself of two hundred pounds
sterling. The man was first put into ‘a sure vault,’ but was
removed by the magistrates into ‘ane utter room, which had no
sure posts nor doors;’ so he had no difficulty in escaping. Sir
Patrick claimed his expenses from the magistrates, and demanded
their punishment.—P. C. R.
294 Strictly Wester Gledstanes, situated in the barony of
Carnwath and county of Lanark.
295 From a petition of the workmen employed in the king’s
printing-office in 1678, craving exemption from watching and
warding, it appears they were fifteen in number.—P. C. R.
296 Creech’s Fugitive Pieces, p. 82.
297 Letters to Earl Aberdeen (Spal. Club), p. 36.
298 The same with Mr Thomas Stewart noticed at p. 245 of this
volume.
299 Coltness Collections.
300 Sir Thomas’s father, Sir James Stewart of Coltness, presided
as provost of Edinburgh at the execution of Montrose. Ho suffered
imprisonment after the Restoration, and is said to have been only
rescued from something worse by the intercession of a cavalier
gentleman whose son’s life he had saved by his humane
intercession some years before.
301 Adverted to in this volume, p. 211.
302 The Council (April 23) ordered three hundred pounds to the
Rosses out of vacant stipends; but it is most unlikely that the
money or any part of it was ever realised.
303 In April 1684, Mrs Jean Barron, relict of the minister of Birse,
craved charity of the Privy Council as the daughter of Mr Robert
Barron, professor of divinity at Aberdeen, who ‘having had the
honour to be the first who opposed the Covenant,’ was pursued
for his life and banished on that account, finally dying in exile, in
such poverty that any means he might have had for the
maintenance of his family was lost; nor had any benefit ever been
derived from his nomination to the bishopric of Orkney, by which
King Charles I. had endeavoured to recompense his sufferings.
Mrs Jean was now with three fatherless children reduced to great
misery, in which she humbly hoped that the Council would not
allow the daughter of so great a sufferer to remain. The Council
recommended her case to the Lord Treasurer.
Anna Morton represented herself to the Council (July 20, 1685) as
the daughter of Mr William Morton, formerly minister of South
Leith, who, in 1640, for his refusal of the Covenant, was ‘not only
thrust out of his church, and plundered of all his goods and gear,
but, from the violent malice of these bloody persecutors, the
Covenanters, was necessitat for shelter of his life to leave his
native country and fly to England, where, thereafter, through their
cruel malice, he was most pitifully used, being apprehended and
incarcerat within the prison of York, and continued there in a most
miserable and penurious condition, to the utter ruin of himself, his
family, his fortune, and estate;’ all of which was fully testified by
competent witnesses. The petitioner was now a widow with a
charge of children, in helpless poverty and wretchedness, all
traceable to the impoverishment of her father. The Council
ordered her two thousand merks out of the vacant stipends of the
diocese of Argyle.
304 The death of the old Laird of Dumbiedykes in Scott’s tale of
the Heart of Mid-Lothian, involves an allusion to this piece of
national music: ‘He drank three bumpers of brandy continuously,
and “soughed awa’,” as Jenny expressed it, in an attempt to sing
Deil stick the Minister.’
305 See vol. i. p. 24.
306 MS. quoted in Wilde’s Table, Census of Ireland, 1851.
307 Notes to Fountainhall’s Chronological Notes of Scottish
Affairs, p. 5.
308 A sugar-house was first set up in Glasgow in 1667.—Gibson’s
Hist. Glasgow.
309 Sir Walter Scott relates this anecdote on the authority of Mrs
Murray Keith.—Notes to Fountainhall’s Chron. Notes, &c., p. 33.
310 ‘These’ is always used for ‘those’ in Scottish documents of
this age.
311 Fountainhall’s Decisions. Burnet’s History.
312 Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. v.
313 Letters to George Earl of Aberdeen (Spal. Club), p. 122.
314 Analecta, i. 114.
315 Memoirs of Lady Grizzel Baillie.
316 MS. in possession of Sir Hugh Purves Hume Campbell, Bart.,
Marchmont House.
317 Papers Relating to the Geographical Description, Maps, and
Charts of Scotland, by John Adair. Bann. Club Misc., ii. 345.
318 Papers Relating to Slezer’s Theatrum Scotiæ, in Bann. Club
Misc., ii. 307.
319 Scots Magazine, Obituary, 1791.
320 A Short Account of Scotland, &c. London, 1702.
321 Called the Old Bank Close, in the Lawnmarket, where
Melbourne Place now is.
322 The earl’s first marriage to a daughter of the Marquis of
Huntly—who, however, was not the mother of his children—is
noticed in this volume under 1649.
323 [Mackie’s] Journey through Scotland, 1723, p. 18.
324 From an original inventory of the articles, read before the
Society of the Antiquaries of Scotland by Sir David Laing, in 1857.
325Lamont’s Diary (Edinburgh, 1830), p. 212, foot-note.
 GENERAL INDEX.
Abduction, cases of, i. 222, 419, 469; ii. 251, 319, 390.
Abercorn, Lady, her persecution of Boyd of Trochrig, ii. 7, 8;
imprisonment in the Tolbooth, 25, 26.
Aberdeen, its relation to the Highlands of the Dee, i. 251;
remarkable trials for witchcraft in, 278-285;
election prayer of, 341;
frequent clan-combats and riots at, 384;
banqueting at baptisms forbidden, 541.
Threatened bar at mouth of harbour of, ii. 115;
its doctors, 119-121, 123-126.
Accidents, Presbyterian historian’s notes of rare, i. 444.
Acheson and Aslowan, adventurers in gold-seeking, i. 18.
Actors, companies of, in Perth and Edinburgh, i. 306;
at Aberdeen, 357.
A company at Edinburgh, ii. 404.
Acus marinus, or sea-needle, ii. 463.
Adair, John, his maps of the counties of Scotland, &c., ii. 483-485.
Adulteration by Edinburgh traders, ii. 240.
Aiken, Margaret, ‘the great witch of Balwery,’ i. 291.
Aikenhead, James, charged with selling amorous drugs, ii. 227.
Aird, Robert, a distinguished Episcopalian clergyman, petition of, ii.
281.
Airth, Earl of, remark of, on a Presbyterian prophetess, ii. 122;
his encounter with Graham of Duchrae, 309.
Ale, impost-duty on, ii. 253.
Algiers and Africa, collection for Scottish prisoners in, i. 124, 125,
471.
Petitions for Scottish mariners taken by pirates, ii. 93.
Anabaptists, dipping of the, ii. 213.
Anderson, Andrew, a trafficking papist, dies in the Tolbooth, ii. 60.
Anderson, Dr Patrick, his tract on Cold Spring of Kinghorn, i. 506.
Anderson, Father, banished from Scotland, i. 514.
Anderson, Walter, kills Archbishop Gladstanes’s cook, i. 431.
Anderson, Widow, the king’s printer, her petition, ii. 450.
Angus, Earl of, a papist, commissioned to pacify the north, i. 234;
craves permission to go into exile, 402, 403.
Angus, the Good Earl of; anecdote of his last illness, i. 235.
Apology for the Quakers, Barclay of Urie’s, ii. 344.
Apostates, punished as adulterers, i. 140.
Apparitions, frequent, ii. 435.
Apprentices, restriction of, ii. 41.
Ardkinlas, Laird of, his narrow escape, i. 246, 247.
Ardvoirlich, his dispute with Lord Kilpont, ii. 154-156.
Ardvoirlich, Lady of, Macgregors’ barbarous conduct to, i. 195.
Argyle, sixth Earl of, Lord Boyd, and other nobles, forsake Queen
Mary, i. 76.
Argyle, seventh Earl of, becomes a papist, i. 504.
Argyle, ninth Earl of, tried for qualifying the test, ii. 354;
his letter of fire and sword against the Macleans, 370-372;
his expedition and death, 469.
Argyle, Marquis of, beheaded, ii. 274, 275.
Arminianism, alarm for it in Scotland, ii. 1;
 spread of, in England, 60.
Army, old mode of raising an, i. 36.
Arthur, Sir John, a priest, prosecuted, i. 23.
Atheism, Antidote against, Dr More’s, ii. 475.
Athole, John Stewart, Earl of, entertains Queen Mary at a hunt, i.
29;
his suspicious death, 123, 124.
Athole, Marquis of, his dispute with Laird of Struan, ii. 423.
Athole, witches of, warm friends of Queen Mary, i. 70;
sad account of country of, 405.
Atkinson, Stephen, a speculator in gold-mines, i. 50, 474.
Auchinleck, George, of Balmanno, stabs Captain Nisbet, i. 141.
Auchmuty, a barber, beheaded for killing James Wauchope, i. 314.
Awin, M., a French surgeon, complaint against, by his Edinburgh
brethren, i. 260.

Baillie, Memoirs of Lady Grizzel, quoted, ii. 465-467.

Balbegno’s ghost appears to General Middleton, ii. 364.
Balcanquel, of that Ilk, fined for his wife’s non-attendance at parish
church, ii. 463.
Balcarres, Earl of, his death, ii. 296.
Balfour, John, a discoverer of witches, ii. 61.
——, William, a papist, his violence in St Giles’ Kirk, i. 14, 15.
Ballindalloch and Carron, Grants of, feud between, ii. 50-54.
Band of Friendship entered into by Earl of Eglintoun, Earl of
Glencairn, and others, i. 118, 119.
Bankrupt or dyvour, curious proceeding regarding, i. 236.
Bankrupts, severities against, i. 392.
Bannatyne, George, transcribes Scottish poetry, i. 57;
his arms and initials, 58.
Banner of Revenge, followed by a thousand mounted gentlemen,
i. 363.
Baptisms, order against extravagance at, i. 541.
Bar, backing of parties to the, proclamation against, i. 403.
An example of it, ii. 30.
Barbadoes, white population of, ii. 305;
religionists transported as slaves to, 397.
Barclay, Margaret, tried for witchcraft, i. 488, 489.
Barclay of Collerine, his uncle’s petition, ii. 436.
Bards and minstrels, act against; two poets hanged, i. 131.
Bargeny, Laird of, his death and character, i. 293;
another Laird of, collision with the Earl of Cassillis, 311;
killed in a fight near Brig of Doon, 360.
Barnacles, their development into sea-birds, Sir Robert Murray’s
account of, ii. 356.
Bartas, Sieur du, a French poet, visits Scotland, i. 173-175.
Bass, Lauder of the, and his mother, hold out against their
creditors, ii. 20.
Battle-visions, and ominous sights and sounds, superstitious
feelings regarding, ii. 146-148.
Beacons for shipping, introduction of; Isle of May light-house, i.
522, 523.
Beardie, great-grandfather of Sir Walter Scott, ii. 312.
Beaver hats, Captain Hamilton’s petition for liberty to manufacture,
ii. 453.
Bedesmen, the King’s, ancient custom regarding, i. 405.
Bedford, Earl of, ambassador to Scotland at baptism of King James
VI., i. 39.
Bee-house, John Geddie’s novel, ii. 323.
Beggars, strong and idle, act against, i. 131, 478.
Belhaven, Lord, anecdote of the blind, ii. 7.
——, Lord, curious incident in life of, ii. 249.
Bellman, formula used by the Edinburgh, ii. n. 202.
Bessie Bell and Mary Gray, tale of, ii. 166, 167.
Bible, first edition of the, printed in Scotland, by Arbuthnot and
Bassendyne, Edinburgh burgesses, i. 100;
difficulties of its progress through the press, 106, 107;
gratification of clergy at its completion, 131.
Birnie, Walter, preacher, the Privy Council’s kindness to, ii. 338.
Birthday, anniversary of Charles II.’s, held as a holiday all over
Scotland, ii. 291.
Bisset, Abacuck, maimed; anecdote of Queen Mary concerning, i.
180, 181.
Black Band, a conspiracy formed against Home of Wedderburn, i.
96, 97.
Black Saturday, why so called, i. 523.
Blackadder of Tulliallan, his case with Balfour of Burleigh, i. 386,
387.
Blackburn, Peter, Bishop of Aberdeen, his death, i. 475.
Blackhall, Father, narrative of his career as a priest in Scotland, ii.
129-134.
Blair, Alexander, of Freirton, gives surety for improved conduct to
his wife, i. 48.
Bleeding heart prophecy, i. 145.
Blood-showers, their probable origin, ii. 199, 488, 489.
Bog an Gicht Castle, illustration, ii. 48.
Bohemian army, from 3000 to 4400 men raised in Scotland for
the, ii. 9-11.
Bond of Association between Sir Walter Scott of Branxholm and
fifty of his clan, i. 190.
Books imported from Germany duty-free, i. 194, 195.
Borbrieffs, or birth-letters, petitions for, ii. 325.
Border Thieves, Regent Moray’s raid against, i. 60;
Regent Morton’s raid, 88;
their immunity from the pest, 158;
James VI.’s punishment of, 293, 294;
above 140 hanged by Earl of Dunbar, 400, 422, 423;
strong effort for suppression of, 443;
120 sent to Bohemian wars, 488;
Earl of Traquair’s rigorous measures with at Jedburgh, ii. 100.
Borrowing Days, storm of, i. 552, 553.
Borrowstounness, curious witch-trial at, ii. 405, 406;
Sweet Singers of, 414-416.
Bothwell, Adam, Bishop of Orkney, letter of, on plague, i. 55;
his character, 145.
Bothwell, Countess of, her humble supplication to James VI., i.
243;
inconstancy of James’s favour to, 264.
Bothwell, Hepburn, Earl of, his abduction of Queen Mary, i. 41.
Bothwell, Stuart, Earl of, demands 5000 merks from city of
Edinburgh, i. 189;
his attempt to seize James VI. at Holyroodhouse, 229;
second attempt at Falkland Palace, 237;
third attempt at Dalkeith Castle, 238;
scene in James VI.’s chamber at Holyrood, 250;
 his encounter with Laird of Cessford, 251;
his encounter with Lord Home, 255;
joins the papist lords, 255.
Bothwell Moor, harrying of, i. 71.
Bowmen, Charles I. raises a small troop of Highland, ii. 14.
Boyd, Janet, tried for witchcraft, ii. 31.
——, Robert, Lord, deserts the Queen’s party, i. 76;
bond of manred with William Fairly, 77.
Boyd of Trochrig, suffers great persecution in Paisley, ii. 8.
Boys, Society of the, i. 403, 404.
Brackla, Laird of, murdered, i. 233.
Braidhead, Janet, the witch, extracts from her confession, ii. 285-
291.
Brand, John, beheaded for murder, i. 467.
Brandy, its importation restricted, ii. 332.
Branks, an instrument of punishment, i. 47.
Brazen Wall, a party of this regiment surprised by Captain Wogan,
ii. 224.
Brechin, a keeper of a hotel in, apprehended for murdering his
guests in bed, i. 78.
Bride of Baldoon, original of the Bride of Lammermuir, story of, ii.
326-328.
Bridges and roads, ruinous state of, ii. 409.
Brimstone, vitriol, and alum, privilege of making, granted, i. 443.
Bronkhorst, a Fleming, tries to get a patent for the gold-mines of
Lanarkshire, i. 138;
acts as portrait-painter to the king, 139.
Brown, Gilbert, ex-abbot of New Abbey, imprisoned, i. 389;
 his books, &c., burnt, 422.
Brown of Hartree, his duel with Hay of Smithfield, i. 264, 265.
Brown, Robert, a Cambridge student; his peculiar religious
doctrines, i. 153.
Brownism, a tendency towards, rebuked, ii. 127, 145.
Browster-wife, origin of the term, i. 328.
Comic race by twelve brewster-wives, ii. 273.
Bruce and Forester, of Stirlingshire, their dispute, i. 260.
Bruce, Edward Lord, of Kinloss, his duel with Sir Edward Sackville,
i. 447-451.
Bruce of Clackmannan, patents a coal-mine water-engine, ii. 408.
Bruce, Peter, his patents for various machines, ii. 408;
his patent for playing-cards, 432.
Bruce, Robert, of Clackmannan; an incident in his life, i. 240, 241.
Bruce, Sir George, anecdote of James VI.’s visit to, at Culross, i.
485.
Bruits, rumours so called: their effects, ii. 4, 5.
Bruntfield, Adam, slays James Carmichael in single combat, i. 286.
Buccleuch, Countess of, her early marriage and death, ii. 250.
Buccleuch, first Earl of, his burial-procession, ii. 73, 74.
Buchanan, George, tutor to James VI., i. 83;
his death and character, 149, 150.
Bulmer, on Englishman, works the gold-mines in Scotland, i. 254,
255, 290.
Burgess, Dr, his specific for the plague, ii. 164.
Burnet, Rev. John, death of, ii. 363.
Burntisland, extraordinary riot in, i. 466.
Shipping at, in time of Commonwealth, ii. 249;
 Dutch ships attack, 318.
Burton, John, his brother’s complaint against him, ii. 424.
Butchers and Vintners, outcry against extortion of, ii. 489, 490.

Cabinet-making, James Turner’s petition, ii. 396.

Caithness, Earl of, beheads Alister Mac William Mor, i. 387, 388;
strife between, and Gordon and Mackay, 440-443;
his unruly conduct checked, 536-538.
Calder, Laird of, three gentlemen receive and die of poison meant
for, ii. 146.
Caligraphy, Esther Inglis, a Frenchwoman, her MS. volumes, i.
550-552.
Camel, exhibition of a, ii. 69.
Camerons’ raid against Struan of Kinloch, ii. 308.
Campbell and Smith, a combat between, in Edinburgh, i. 72, 73.
Campbell, Colin, of Glenurchy, a patron of the fine arts, ii. 62.
Campbell, John, of Calder, shot by Mac Ellar, i. 246.
Campbell of Moy, M‘Ranald of Glengarach’s attack on house of, i.
364.
Campbell, Sir Duncan, Laird of Glenurchy, his style of living, i. 207.
Campbell, Sir James, of Lawers, his thief-taking commission, ii. 381,
382.
Canongate, inhabitants of, infected by the pest, i. 56;
tavern arrangements in, 59.
Cant, Andrew, his moderatorship, ii, 181;
anecdote of, 182, 183.
Cape of Good Hope, the devil appears on board of a ship so
called, ii. 347.
Cappers, Scotch privateer vessels so called, ii. 317.
Caravan betwixt Edinburgh and Glasgow, ii. 393.
Cardiness, Lady, Sir Alexander M‘Culloch’s assaults on, ii. 321.
Cargill, Donald, his predictions, ii. 372.
Carmichael, James, kills Stephen Bruntfield in a duel, i. 286.
Carnegie and Lithgow, Lords, duel of, ii. 305.
Carruthers, Marion, an heiress, i. 25.
Carstairs, Cardinal, anecdote of the thumbikens, ii. 460.
Cart, Hamilton’s patent for a new, i. 550.
Carvet, a Romish priest, pilloried, i. 33.
Cashielaws, an instrument of torture, i. 273.
Cashogle and Drumlanrig, private war between, i. 520, 521.
Cassillis and Wigton, Earls of, dispute between, ii. 30.
Cassillis, Earl of, and Kennedy of Bargeny, dispute between, i. 310,
363-366.
Cassillis, Earl of, marries widow of Lord Thirlstane; unmeetness of
the match, i. 293.
Cassillis, Gilbert, Earl of, sometimes called King of Carrick, his
extraordinary torture of Master Allan Stewart, i. 65-68.
Castle-Kennedy, anecdote of a thunder-clap at, ii. 28.
Catastrophe Mundi, a treatise on comets, ii. 456.
Cathcart, James, a pretended astrologer, ii. 467.
Cathkin and Lawson, oppose Episcopalian principles, i. 512.
Catholic missionaries, success in Switzerland, i. 515.
Catholics, see Papists.
Catholic nobles, driven to extremities, i. 219;
their treasonable correspondence with Spain, 244;
their sons placed under care of reformed ministers, 351;
 progress of persecution against, 415-417, 421, 422, 429.
Further persecutions of, ii. 57-60, 335-338.
Chalmers, James, his list of papists and seminary priests, ii. 283,
284.
Chancellor, Susanna, accused of consulting charmers, ii. 44.
Change-houses, Kirke’s description of Scotch, ii. 407.
Chapel of Grace, pilgrimages to, i. 325.
Charles I., his baptism, i. 321.
His marriage, ii. 4;
proclamation against popery, 4;
raises troop of Highland bowmen, 14;
letter to the Scottish Council, 25;
grants commission to Lord Gordon against papists, 36-41;
his interference on behalf of papists, 57-60;
his visit to Edinburgh, 63-69;
proclamation against communion stragglers, 81;
his expeditions against Scottish Covenanters, 106;
commences the civil war, 109;
rendered up by Scottish army, 112;
his remark on death of Earl of Haddington, 137;
anecdote of Irish rebellion, 141;
his execution creates enmity between ruling powers of
England and Scotland, 174.
Charles II., demonstrations on birth of, ii. 41;
invited to Scotland and proceedings there, 174;
his restoration, 255;
remark on inhumane laws, 260;
joy at restoration of, 261, 266;
anecdote of his visit to James Guthrie, 276;
extraordinary demonstration at Linlithgow on his birthday,
291, 292;
his fondness for bees, 323, 324;
evils of his reign, 330, 332;