CAPSTONE PROJECT

PROJECT PLANNING

SUBMITTED BY:

ANSH ARORA 102282002

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

DR. MONU KUMARI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

THAPAR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
PATIALA, PUNJAB-INDIA
 CONTENTS
Chapter No. Title Page No
Mentor Consent Form
1. Objectives 4
2. Literature Review 5-9

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 CHAPTER 1
OBJECTIVE
S

1. OBJECTIVES
I. It motivates the project manager to adapt to working under changing
circumstances, given the nature of the project.
II. Allocating and managing financial resources
III. Successfully finishing the project on time and within budget.
IV. Identifying and addressing potential challenges and uncertainties.

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 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

A construction project is a purposeful undertaking that involves planning, designing, and

building structures or infrastructures. These projects range from constructing homes and
commercial buildings to developing roads, bridges, and other public facilities. Each
construction project has a unique set of requirements, including specific designs, budgets,
and timelines. It involves the collaboration of various professionals, such as architects,
engineers, contractors, and labourers, who work together to bring the project to fruition.
Construction projects require careful management to ensure that tasks are completed
efficiently, within budget, and in compliance with safety and quality standards.

2.2 Methodology

A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) involves a rigorous and systematic approach to

analyzing a body of existing research to answer specific research questions or explore a
particular topic comprehensively (Crippa et al., 2020). The method of analysis in an SLR
is crucial for extracting, synthesizing, and interpreting information from selected studies.
The method of analysis in a Systematic Literature Review requires a systematic,
transparent, and thorough approach to extract meaningful insights from a diverse body of
existing research. It aims to provide a comprehensive and unbiased understanding of the
research questions or topics under investigation (Mengist et al., 2020). By systematically
reviewing existing literature, researchers may shed light on the complexities faced by the
industry, ranging from cost implications and regulatory compliance to stakeholder
participation. A detailed explanation of the steps involved in the method of analysis for a
Systematic Literature Review is provided in Figure 1

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Cost and Time Challenges

There are several challenges to sustainable practices or the project management, particularly
green construction, such as the ability to complete a green project within reasonable cost and
schedule constraints
(Robichaud & Anantatmula, 2016). The PM plays a critical role in determining the success or
failure of the project, as they are responsible for tasks such as planning, cost estimation, and
ensuring quality and timely completion (Ferrarez et al., 2023). It is because productivity,
which has a direct impact on the time and costs of a construction project, may enhance several
elements of sustainability, particularly economic sustainability, by lowering the time or
expenses of a building project (Vivek et al., 2023). Overall, it is obvious that the aspects
connected to project control and management are highly important in enhancing the
sustainability performance of construction projects in the opinion of construction managers.
Cost and time are one of the important success criteria in the implementation of the renewable
energy project (Arabpour & Silvius, 2023). Investment expenses, operation and maintenance
costs, R&D costs, manufacturing costs, and return on investment are all economic
considerations in sustainable project.
The initial expenditure necessary for sustainable building projects is sometimes greater than
that required for typical ones (Makovšek et al., 2012). While sustainable initiatives offer long-
term savings due to lower operating costs, the higher initial expenses can be a substantial
hurdle for many stakeholders. Thecalculation of the ROI for green construction initiatives
can be difficult. While green buildings may save operational costs, enhance property value
and improve tenant happiness, the initial investment might take several years to recoup.
Some stakeholders may be put off by the lengthy repayment time (Teik, 2019).
Green building sometimes necessitates an initial investment in environmentally friendly
materials, technology, and design elements (Othman et al., 2012). These upfront expenses
might be greater than those of traditional building methods, making it difficult for developers
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and investors to justifythe additional investment. However, long-term cost savings and
benefitsof green buildings, such as lower energy and water use, must be considered
(Nasereddin & Price, 2021).

It can be said that obtaining financing forgreen construction projects can be difficult,
particularly for smaller developers or organisations. Thus, it is hard for them to manage the
project well and effectively. Many financial institutions may be inexperienced with the risks
and rewards of green building, making it more difficult to get financing on advantageous
conditions. The elements that influence project expenditure might be investigated. This is
critical in a developing country because funds may be dedicated to other institutions,
cultures, infrastructure, science, and technology development. The use of renewable energy in
Malaysia can help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and contribute to the country’s long-
term alternative energy options. Hence, more expenditure will need to expense to
successfully implement this alternative .

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 2.2.1 Organization Technical Challenges

The project manager (PM) as defined in this study, is the individual responsible for
overseeing and managing a project, utilizing their available skills and tools to achieve a
specific objective. A professional is appointed by the project owner prior to the
project’s commencement (Shin et al., 2018). Construction project managers considered
that productivity of organization had a significant impact on the sustainability
performance of building projects. Without active involvement by the PM, the crucial
decisions may not be made, and the client’s ideas may not effectively communicate with
other project stakeholders (Harris et al., 2021). When it comes to stakeholder engagement,
a key issue is the lack of effective communication among project team members, leading to
reduced satisfaction during meetings and a diminished understanding of project objectives
(Loo & Wong, 2023). The scarcity of information often compels stakeholders to make
assumptions and decisions, which can subsequently lead to errors throughout the
project’s lifecycle.Inadequate management signifying that poor management practices
and techniques can result in subpar project outcomes. Ineffective management by the
project manager can impact various aspects of the project, including decision-making,
resource control, project quality, and timeliness (Sadullah et al., 2018). Proper planning is
essential for the success of projects, as it influences the other factors like
theproject’s cost, budget, risk assessment and the establishment of clear objectives and
goals (Ali, 2020). The responsibilities of a project managers are extensive in a project, and
as such, the PM cannot afford to be passive in project control. The project’s success is
significantly dependent on the active contribution of the project management.
It has been shown that the construction business faces tremendous opposition to
change. Accepting innovation in process and materials is a problem influencing the
industry’s progress. Similarly, this issue has an impact on the adoption of sustainable
construction materials since both clients and professionalsprefer to remain with what they
know rather than what is new. As a result, since the impacts will affect the
delivery in sustainable construction, there is no improvement in the sustainable
construction. Hence, a shift from the usual to the adoption of innovative concepts is
required. Science and technology development is not an issue in industrialised and
advanced nations, but it is a major difficulty in developing nations (Aghimien et al.,
2019). R&D development, technical, innovative technology, advanced technology, new
technology, and information technology are some of the technological aspects that
influence the success ofrenewable energy (Abdulwahab et al., 2022). Sustainable
construction frequently requires the integration of new technologies and materials. It is
significant to ensure the performance and durability of these
innovations can pose technical challenges. The purpose is to overcome these obstacles
necessitates rigorous research and development, testing, and industry adoption.
Incorporating the social and environmental aspects of sustainability into programs and
projects presents a significant challenge, particularly in the context of large sustainable
construction projects (Thamhain, 2014).
There is a clear need for further research to create user-friendly tools, techniques and
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methodology. These resources are essential for seamlessly integrating sustainability
into the routine functions of project management. Other than that, organisational culture
has been identified as one of the most important factors distinguishing exceptional
organisations from the other aspects, since it impacts the whole functioning of a company
through its environment. The usage of non-renewable resources and the use of low-carbon
fuels can be influenced by culture (Liu et al., 2020). According to Liu et al. (2020),
well-established modern construction businesses should include sustainability into their
culture, which will impact the regular behaviours of other organisations and their
affiliates. Environmental and friendly initiatives performed
within organisational culture limitations have a favourable influence on project
sustainability. As a result, cultural development should take precedence over other
company initiatives (Arditi et al., 2017). Many businesses have acknowledged bringing
environmental management into the heart of their business strategy.

Knowledge and Training Challenges

Sustainability in project management can be defined as the delivery of projects

supported by planning, monitoring, and control systems that incorporate
environmental, economic, and social considerations throughout the project’s lifecycle
(Sabini et al., 2019). Research suggests that the key to more sustainable
construction lies in adopting Project Management Practices (PMPs) because project
management significantly influences project performance (Banihashemi et al., 2017).
The quality of project managers, shaped by their knowledge and experience,
underscores their substantial impact on sustainability implementation. Factors such as
leadership, teamwork, top management support, risk management, and
stakeholder engagement play a pivotal role in the success of renewable energy initiatives
(Abdulwahab et al., 2022). Managers’ decisions can influence the course of a
construction project, emphasizing theimportance of prioritizing the environmental aspect
of sustainability. Addressing issues like adopting clean energy sources, mitigating
environmental degradation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and preserving
biodiversity highlights the need for effective integration into construction projects.
Energy consumption reduction techniques and energy management by construction
managers are crucial. The social dimension of sustainability, including motivation and
workers’ commitment, significantly influences sustainability performance in
construction projects. However, there is often a lack of education and training programs for
construction experts, hindering the widespread adoption of sustainable practices.
Bridging this knowledge gap is essential. Incorporating sustainability principles into
design and contracts is a critical factor influencing the improved implementation of
sustainability principles during the construction process (View of Construction Managers’
Perception of the Factors Affecting Sustainability in Construction Projects, n.d.).
In consistent with previous studies in Malaysia, Jordan, and Ghana, information issues
are identified as significant concerns in developing nations, affecting the adoption of
sustainable construction practices.
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CONCLUSION

The realm of sustainable project management emerges as a multifaceted terrain, marked

by challenges and promising avenues. As organizations recognize the paramount
importance of integrating sustainability intoprojects, addressing these challenges
becomes imperative for long-term success. Key challenges encompass the necessity for
a comprehensive approach embracing environmental, social, and economic
dimensions, effective stakeholder engagement, resource constraints, and timely
adoption of sustainable practices. Despite these challenges, encouraging prospects
indicate a positive trajectory for sustainable project management. Innovative
technologies, collaborative approaches, and sustainable procurement practices
stand out as catalysts capable of significantly enhancing project sustainability. The
evolving roles of project managers, transitioning from traditional administrators to
sustainability experts, promise ongoing positive transformations and the development
of strategies to overcome challenges. The shift toward regenerative and nature-
inspired approaches underscores a deepening understanding of our interconnectedness
with the environment, suggesting more effective and lasting solutions. Recognition
of the significance of local dynamics, the wealth of knowledge derived from past
endeavors, and a focus on education and trainingcollectively pave the way for
continuous improvement. As project managers navigate challenges and
leverage prospects in sustainable project management, choosing the path of
sustainability becomes not justan ethical consideration but a strategic imperative. A
future where sustainable practices are integral to
project management is not only feasible but essential for addressing global
challenges. With sustained commitment, ongoing innovation, and collaborative efforts,
sustainable project management emerges as a guiding force toward a more resilient and
harmonious future.

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