L-lff -2/CE Date: 29/1012023

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-I!T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2021-2022

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks
Assume any reasonable value, if missing.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) Write down the important considerations for the reconnaissance survey and the
necessary precautions for chain survey. (5+5=10)
(b) Describe the basic principles of determining the position of an object in global
positioning system (GPS) using neat sketches. Give a list of applications of remote
sensing in Civil Engineering. (5+5=10)
(c) The scale of aerial photography is I cm = 100 m. The photograph size is 20 cm x
20 cm. Determine the number of photographs required to cover an area of 8 km x 12.5
km. If the longitudinal lap is 60% and the lateral lap is 30%. (10)
(d) A 50 m tape of standard length has a weight of 0.05 kg/m, with a cross-sectional
area of 0.04 cm2. It has an E of 2. lOx 10 kg/cm2. The tape is of standard length under
a pull of 5.5 kg when supported throughout its length and a temperature of 20°C. A
distance between two points was measured with this tape and recorded to be 458.65 m.
At the time of measurement, the pull applied was 8 kg with the tape supported only at
its endpoints and the temperature observed was 18°C. Assuming coefficient of thermal
expansion of the tape is 0.0000 I 16/oC. Compute the true length of the measured line
AB due to the combined effects of temperature, tension, and sag. (16t;)

2. (a) The vertical photograph of a flat area having an average elevation of 250 m above
mean sea level was taken with a camera having a length of 20 cm. A section line AB
(Figure I), 250 m long in the area, measures 8.50 cm in the photograph. A tower TB in
the area also appears in the photograph. The distance between the images of the top
and bottom of the tower measures 0.46 cm in the photograph. The distance of the
image of the top of the tower is 6.46 cm. Determine the height of the tower. (10)

Selected Dat\Jm
A""(-----)~B
250m
Figure I

Contd P/2
 =2=
CE 103/CE
Contd .... for O. NO.2

(b) Describe three methods with figures to erect a perpendicular line from a point on a
chain line. (10)
(c) The following data shows the elevation difference between two points. (10)

Trial No. Difference in Elevation

I 120.00

2 121.00

3 119.00
4 120.S0

Determine:
(i) The most probable difference in elevation
(ii) The standard deviation
(iii) Probable Error of Single Observation
(iv) The standard error
(v) The probable error of the mean
(d) Photographs of a certain area were taken from A and B, two camera stations 100 m
apart. The focal length of the camera is ISO mm. The axis of the camera makes an
angle of 60° and 40° with the baseline at stations A and B, respectively. The image of
point C appears 20.2 mm to the right and 16.4 mm above the hair lines on the
photograph taken at A and 3S.2 mm to the left on the photograph taken at B. Calculate
the distance AC and BC and elevation of point C if the elevation of the instrument axis
at A is 126.84S m.

3. (a) The altitude of a known star its upper transit is measured to be 30° IS' on the south
side of Zenith. Apply necessary astronomical corrections (if applicable) to obtain the
corrected altitude. Hence, determine the latitude of the place of observation. The
declination of the star is 12° S. Is this star a circumpolar star? Present a neat sketch of
the problem. (16)
(b) A 60 m long road having side hill two level section, has a formation level width of
IS m and side slopes of IV :2H. The original ground surface has a cross-slope of
IV:SH. Calculate the volume of earthwork. The following data is available: (167j)
Chainage Ground level at centre line Formation level
(m) (m) (m)
0 12.4 12
30 12.6 12
60 13 12

Given: AreaofCuf= {(O.Sb+rh)'}

r-s

AreaofFil/= {(O.Sb-rh)'}
r-s
Contd P/3
 =3=
CE I03/CE
Contd .... for Q. NO.3

(c) Write short notes (with neat sketch when applicable) on the following: (7x2=14)
(i) Mean Solar Time and Standard Time
(ii) Right Ascension of sun and its variation.

4. (a) Derive an expression for Prismoidal Correction for two-level section. Present neat

sketch of the problem. (15)

2 2 2
.
Given: . = [r bh+s(0.5b?+r
Area for two-level sectlon 2 2
Sh ] .
r -s

(b) Describe the method (with neat sketches) you used in your class assignment to
determine area of part of Bangladesh. Discuss the accuracy of your method and the

challenges you faced.

(c) When do you apply curvature correction for volume computation? What will be the
curvature correction for a curved embankment having two end cross-sections with

areas AI and A2 at a distance L (along centre-line) apart. Present neat sketches. (8)
(d) Briefly describe in words the procedure how you can determine the direction of
north pole using measured observations of a celestial object. What astronomical data

you need? You don't need to present any equations or figure. (8)
(e) Define diurnal circle. Draw diurnal circle as may be observed at the South Pole. (5)

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE questions.

5. (a) The following figures were extracted from a level book while performing protile
levelling. Calculate the reduced levels of the stations using the Height of Instrument

method. Perform the necessary checks. (22)

Plot the profile in a plane graph paper.
- - - - - -
Station Chainal'c (m) B.S. (m) I.S. (m) F.S. (m) R.L. (m)
B.M. 1.02 20
I 0 1.35
2 20 1.24
3 40 1.48
4 60 1.37
5 80 1.01
T.P. 2.72 1.54
6 100 2.66
7 125 2.42
8 150 2.38
9 175 2.59
10 200 2.98

Contd P/4
 =4=
CE I03/CE
Conld .... for Q. NO.5

(b) Describe 5 characteristics of contours. (lOT;)

(c) The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Only
station D is free from local attraction. Station C must be adjusted by adding 10' and

station A must be adjusted by subtracting 25' from the erroneous readings. Determine

the correct bearings. Also, determine the missing values in the table. (14)
Line Fore Bearing Back Bearing
AB 240°5' 59°55'
BC ? 110°15'
CD ? 245°55'
DA 145°40' ?

6. (a) A building has a window 50' above the ground. There is a lighthouse close to this
building. The angle of elevation and depression of the top and bottom of this
lighthouse from the window are 45° and 21 °2.25' respectively. From the top of the
lighthouse, a ship is observed with an angle of depression of 10°. Calculate the
distance of the ship from the lighthouse. Assume, the ship, the bottom of the building,

and the bottom of the lighthouse are at the same horizontal plane. (15)
(b) The survey data of the traverse ABCDA is given below. The length and bearing of
the side BC were not recorded during the survey. Calculate the length and bearing of

the line BC. (14)

Line Length (m) Bearing
AB 180 130°
BC ? ?
CD 210 340°
DA 240 210°

(c) The elevations of certain points of a land are shown in Figure 6c.Draw contour
lines of the elevations 10m, 11m, 12m, 13m, 14m, and 15m in the Figure. Remove the

sheet with the Figure from the question paper and attach it with the answer script. (17T;)

7. (a) Describe the function of a transition curve. (6T;)

(b) Determine the factors influencing the location and configuration of the alignment

of a horizontal curve. (10)

(c) Calculate the polar deflection angle and X- Y coordinates for setting out a transition
curve in the field using the following data: length of transition curve = 60 m, radius of

circular curve = 250 m, and number of chords = 6. (12)

Contd P/5
 =5=
CE 103/CE
Contd .... for Q. NO.7

(d) A tacheometer was set up at station A, and the readings on a vertically held staff at
B were 1.255, 1.605, and 1.955, the line of sight being at an inclination of 8°24'.
Another observation on the vertically held staff at B.M. gave the readings 0.640, 0.920,
and 1.200, the inclination of the line of sight being 1°6'. Estimate the horizontal
distance between A and B, and the elevation of B, if the R.L. of B.M., is 518.685
meters. The constants of the instruments were 100 and 0.3. (18)
,
[D = kscos e+ccose; V = ks-sin-+Csme
2e .]
.
2

8. (a) Explain the term "super-elevation" of roadway. (37j )

(b) Write the difference between the fixed hair method and the subtense method of the
stadia survey. (9)
(c) Derive the equation of an ideal transition curve and hence show that spiral angle, (14)

D.
•
=-.£
2R
(d) An equal tangent crest vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uni form grades
of + 1.5% and -3.5%. The chainage and reduced level of the point of vertical curve
(PVC) are 1670 meters and 30 meters, respectively. The rate of vertical curvature, k is
35. Calculate the chainage and reduced levels of PVI and PVT and mid-point of the
curve. Note: k is the length of the curve per percent algebraic difference in intersecting
grades. (20)
/
---
Figure 6c (To be attached with the answer script)

IU35 14.724 140603 15.338 15.831

IH05 13.512 13.312 14.334 15.045

12.505 12.684 IH09 13.245 13.823

11.687 11.835 11.387 12.575 12.988

10.541 10.653 9.899 11.285 I 1.032

•

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,_D_haka

L-lff-2 B.Sc. Engineering Examinations: January 2020 (Online)
Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)
Full Marks: 240 Time: 2 Hours
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
T~e figures in the margin indicate full marks
Section-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) P and Q are two camera stations, 120 m apart as shown in Fig. I(i). The camera axis
makes an angle of 65° and 45° with the baseline at stations P and Q, respectively. The
image coordinates of a point A are shown in Fig. I(ii) and Fig. I(iii). Calculate the distances
PA and QA. What is the elevation of point A ifthe elevation of the instrument axis at station
Pis 130 m? The focal length of the camera is 160 mm. (25)

120 m
(i)

(19.4.15.2)
a (-34.4.0)
a
al

(ii) Photograph of point A taken at P (iii) Photograph of point A taken at Q

Fig. I for Question I(a)

(b) The following reciprocal levels were taken with one level for two points A and B, 1550
m apart across a wide river:
 Level at Readings on
A B
A 2.115 3.715
B 0.850 2.245

The error in the collimation adjustments of the level is -0.0045 m in 110 m. Calculate the
true difference oflevel between A and B and the refraction. (15)

2. (a) In an aerial photogrammetry, the flying altitude was 2600 m above datum. The focal
length of the camera lens was 20 em. Two points A and B having elevations of 600 m and
400 m respectively above datum appear on a vertical photograph. The corrected
photographic coordinates are as follows:

Point Photographic coordinates

x (em) y (em)
a +2.65 +1.36
b -1.92 +3.65

Determine the length of the ground line AB. (15)

(b) The following figures were extracted from a level field book, some of the entries being
illegible owing to exposure to rain. Insert the missing figures and check your results.
Recalculate all the figures by the 'rise' and 'fall' method. . (25)

Station B.S. 1.S. F.S. Rise Fall R.L. Remarks

I 2.175 231.360 B.M. I
2 1.550 X 0.020
.
3 2.005 X
4 X 1.860 X
5 2.000 1.825 0.250
6 X X 231.155 B.M.2
7 1.590 X 0.240
8. 2.765 2.000 X
9 X X 232.325 B.M.3

3. (a) The altitude ofthe sun's lower limb at local apparent noon was measured to be 50'30'30"
to the south of zenith. Apply all necessary astronomical corrections (assume no
instrumental corrections) to determine the true altitude of the sun. Hence, determine the
latitude of the place of observation. Nautical Almanac gives the following information for
 o
the time
... of observation:
--;.-- ,... Declination of sun = lO S, Semi-diameter ofsun=16'O", Horizontal ~ ~
parallax of sun=8.8". Present neat sketch. (22)

(b) Determine the shortest distance between two points M (1ongitude=70oW, latitude 2S"N)
o
and N (1ongitude=80 E, latitude= 1OOS).Present neat sketch. (18)
[Given: cosc = cose sina sinb + cosa cosb J

4. (a) Angular readings are taken from two theodolite stations A and B, at a horizontal distance
of 60 m. apart. The vertical angles from A to the base and top of a tower at P is _100
(downward) and +]20 (upward) respectively. The whole circle bearing of different lines
are given below. Assume R.L. of instrument center at A to be 300 m. Determine the R.L.
of ground at P and the tower height. Show neat sketch. (20)

Line AB AP BP
W.C.B. 1000

(b) Determine the volume of earthwork for a 100 m long embankment using Trapezoidal
method and Prismoidal correction. The embankment cross-section is a two-level section
with following infonllation: Fonllation'level width = 20 m., Side slope = I V:2H and
Ground slope (along cross-section) = IV:SH. The center-line data is given in the table
below: (20)

Chainage (m) 0 SO 100

Ground Level (m) 7.4 6.S 7.8

Fomlation Level (m) 10 10 10

2 2 2
. [Given: A = [r bh+S(0.Sb)2 +r s!t ]
r2 _ S2

~.
 SECTION-B: CEI03
There are FOUR questions. Answer any THREE questions

No. Questions Marks

5. a) A big pond obstructs the chain line AB. A line AL was measured on the left of line
AB for circumventing the obstacle. Another line AM was measured on the right of
AB. Points M, B, and L are on the same straight line. Find the distance AB, if AL = 20
901 m,AM= 1100m,BL=502mandBM=548m.

20
b) Determine the length of a transition curve for a 4-lane rural highway with the
following available information
I. . Width of a single lane = 4 meter.
II. Design Speed = 80 krn/hr.
...
Ill. emax =0.07; fmax =0.12

6. a) Define magnetic declination. Magnetic bearing of a survey line, AB, as drawn in an 20

old Map is S65°E. The map was drawn in 1910 when the declination was lO30'E.
What is the magnetic bearing of AB in 2020, if the rate of changes in magnetic
declination was 0.2' westward?

b) A and B are two stations whose independent coordinates are as follows: - 20

Station Latitude (m) Departure (m)
A 7460 6010
B 6940 7720
A railway track is proposed for construction between stations C and D, which are
not inter-visible. C is roughly south of Band D is roughly north of B. As C and D
are not inter-visible, two perpendicular offsets, AC and BD, are drawn from stations
A and B to the railway track CD. If AC = 104 m and BD = 60 m, determine the
following
i) Bearing of CD
ii) Coordinates of C and D

7. a) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of +3.0 % 20
and -3.5%. Chainage and reduced level of the point of vertical curve (pVC) are 1450
meters and 32.5 meters respectively. The rate of vertical curvature (k) is 20.
Calculate the chainage and reduced levels of PVT and midpoint of the curve.

b) A 30-m chain is supported at the end only. Find the Normal Tension for the chain, if 20
the calibrating pull is 120 N. Cross-section of the tape is 5 mm2, weight of tape
material = 0.08 N/mm3, E = 200 GN/m2 [Normal Tension is defined as the applied
pull that equalizes the effect due to sag.]
 •
•
•

No. . Questions .. J •• , __ •
. Marks
8. - a) As a field engineer, when would you prefer to use tachometric methodof surveying 10
over other methods and why?

b) Discuss some of the possible reasons that may be responsible for errors In 10
tacheometric surveys.

c) The table below displays the field data for a tacheometric survey using a
20
tacheometer fitted with an anallactic lens for a vertically held staff.
Instrument Height of instrument Staff Vertical Staff Readings
station (meter) station angle
0 1,45 B (-)6°30' 1.75, 1.95,2.15
0 1,45 P 8° 30' 1.50, 1.65, 1.80
P 1.3 Q 10°00' 1.89, 2.05,2.21
Calculate the horizontal distances OP, OB and PQ. Also, calculate the elevations of Q, P
and 0 if the elevation of B is 500 meter. Assume reasonable values for the tacheometric
constants.
sin20
D = ks cosz 0 + C cos 0 ; V = ks -2- + C sinO
 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-1/T-II B.Sc. Engineering Examinations, Session: January 2021

Sub: CE 103: Surveying

Full Marks: 280 Time: 2:30 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
____________________________________________________________________________
SECTION – A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

Q 1. (a) Determine the length of a transition curve for a design rate of change of radial 30
acceleration of 0.3 m/s3 using the following information. Also, determine the
chainage of point of curve (PC) and point of tangency (PT).
i. Deflection Angle = 50 o
ii. Design Speed = 80 Km/hr
iii. Radius of Circular Curve = 440 m
iv. Chainage of Point of intersection = 5500 m
(b) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of 162/ 3
- 2.5% and +3.5%. The chainage and reduced level of point of vertical curve
(PVC) are 850 meters and 45 meters respectively. The rate of vertical curvature,
k is 23. Calculate the chainage and reduced levels of PVT and midpoint of the
curve.
[Note: k is the length of curve per percent algebraic difference in intersecting
grades.]

Q 2. (a) Discuss the conditions under which tacheometric surveying is advantageous and 102/ 3
the possible reasons for errors in tacheometric surveys.
(b) Two distances of 50 and 80 meters were accurately measured out from the 14
instrument station in the field. Staff readings of 1.000, 1.248 and 1.496 were
observed on a staff vertically held at 50 meters and staff readings of 0.85, 1.248,
and 1.646 were observed on a staff vertically held at 80 meters. Calculate the
tacheometric constants. Also, determine the distance between two sides of a river
if the staff readings of 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 were observed using this Tacheometer.
 (c) A line was leveled tacheometrically with a Tachometer fitted with an annallactic 22
lens, the value of the constant being 100. The following observations were made,
with the staff being vertical. Compute the elevations of A, B and C.
Instrument Height Staff at Vertical Staff Readings Remarks
Stations of Axis Angle
A 1.38 B.M - 1o 0’ 1.02,1.720,2.420 R.L.
A 1.38 B + 2o 0’ 1.220,1.825,2.430 640 m
B 1.40 C + 3o 0’ 0.785,1.610,2.435

Note: D, k, s, C, V, etc. carry usual meaning.

Q 3. (a) A borrow pit is excavated on a ground surface. Dimension of the excavation is 20

shown below (figure 1). Calculate the volume of excavation assuming ground
slope to be 1:20 and for a side slope of the pit of 1: 2.

Figure 1: For question 3. (a)

(b) 162/ 3
Determine the volume of landfill to raise the ground in figure below to an
elevation of l4 m. The R.L. (m) at corner points of square grids is given in the
figure 2 below.
 Figure 2: For question 3. (b)
(c) Write down some merits and demerits of the following methods of volume 10
calculation-
(i) Volume calculation using contour lines and
(ii) Volume calculation by spot height method.

Q 4. (a) For a particular location on earth, ϕ = 50°25' E. Equation of time at G.M.N. is 142/ 3
5m2.50s and increasing at a rate of 0.29 s/h. Determine Local Apparent Time
(L.A.T) if L.M.T. = 15h 25m 30s.
(b) Determine the azimuth and altitude of a star from the following data: 20
(i) Declination of the star =21o30’N
(ii) Hour angle of star = 41o6’
(iii) Latitude of observer = 45o N
(c) Diagrammatically show the following positions on a celestial sphere- (i) 12
declination of a star, (ii) right ascension, (iii) hour angle
 CE 103: Surveying
SECTION: B
There are Four questions in this section. Answer any Three questions

No. Questions Marks

5. a) The following staff readings were observed successively with a level, the instrument having (𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐)
been moved after the third and fifth reading:
4.40; 3.20; 2.00; 4.10; 5.20; 1.50 and 3.20 metres.
The first reading was taken on a staff held on a bench mark of 450.0 m. Show these readings in
a tabulated form and calculate R.L of all points. Use Rise and Fall method and show all
necessary arithmetic checks.

b) A level was set at a point equidistant from two points P and Q (912 m from P and 912 m from (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
Q). The readings obtained on staff kept at P and Q were respectively 3.621 m and 1.555 m.
(i) Find the reading at P after correction due to curvature and refraction
(ii) Find the true difference in elevation between P and Q.
(iii) Comment on which point is at higher elevation.

c) Briefly describe about how to perform levelling across ponds and lakes which are too wide to 𝟐𝟐
�𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 �
be sighted across. 𝟑𝟑

6. a) Write down two (2) differences between the Square method of contouring and Tacheometric (𝟕𝟕 + 𝟕𝟕)
method of contouring. Draw typical contour map of i) Ridge & ii) Overhanging Cliff

b) A line AB lying on a terrain appears to be 10.4 cm on a photograph for which the focal length 𝟐𝟐
�𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 �
is 24 cm. The same line measures 2.6 cm on a map drawn to a scale of 1/40,000. The flying 𝟑𝟑
altitude during taking the photograph was 2800 metres above mean sea level. Calculate the
average elevation of the terrain from the mean sea level.

c) Two points A and B having elevations of 500 m and 400 m respectively above datum appear (𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏)
on a vertical photograph. The focal length of the camera lens used was 20 cm, and the flying
altitude was 2000 m above datum. The corrected photographic coordinates are as follows:

Point Photographic Coordinates

x (cm) y (cm)
A + 1.25 + 4.26
B − 3.50 − 2.50
Determine the length of the ground line AB.

7. a) What do you understand by ‘DGPS’? Briefly state some applications of ‘GPS’, ‘DGPS’ and (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
‘remote sensing’ in Civil Engineering.
𝟐𝟐
b) Find the magnetic declination at a place if the magnetic bearing of the sun at noon is 349°20’ �𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 �
𝟑𝟑
c) A survey line MNO cuts the banks of a river at N and O and to determine the distance NO, a (𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏)
line NQ, 80 m long was set out roughly parallel to the river. A point P was then found in OQ
produced and middle point R of PN determined. QR was then produced to S, making RS equal
No. Questions Marks
to QR, and PS produced to cut the survey line in T. ST and TN were found to be 60 and 100
meters long respectively. Find the distance from N to O.

8. a) Define closing error of a closed traverse. Describe the graphical method of balancing closing 𝟐𝟐
�𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 �
error with neat sketches. 𝟑𝟑

b) M and N are two stations whose independent coordinates are as follows: (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
Station Latitude (m) Departure (m)
M 15,925 12,057
N 14,594 16,288
A highway is proposed for construction between stations O and P, which are not inter-visible.
O is roughly south of N and P is roughly north of N. As O and P are not inter-visible, two
perpendicular offsets, MO and NP, are drawn from stations M and N to the highway alignment
OP. If MO = 289m and NP = 165m, determine the bearing of OP.

c) The length of a survey line XY was measured with a 30m chain in two segments due to different (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
slope at 30°C by applying a pull of 180 N. The lengths of the two segments are 175m and
250m, the gradient of the first segment is 1:15 and slope of the second segment is 4°. Determine
the horizontal distance XY, if the chain was standardized at 25°C with a pull of 150 N. The
cross sectional area of the chain is 7.5mm2, weight of tape is 7.8 N, co-efficient of thermal
expansion of the chain material is 15x10-6/°C and E= 2.5x105 N/mm2.
1.. ,

L-1/T-2/CE Date: 15/10/2022

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-IIT-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2020-2021

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Ariswer any THREE questions.
Assume any reasonable data, if needed

I. (a) How the rectilinear area is calculated using ordinate method? Differentiate between
the following methods of earthwork volume calculation: by using spot heights and by

using contours. (12)

(b) During a differential leveling procedure the following staff readings were observed

successively- (1970
2.250, 3.120 (invert staff), 1.140, 3.650, 2.880 and 2.04 ft. The level was shifted to a
new setup after taking the 4th reading. The I st reading was taken at a temporary bench
mark having a reduced level = 110ft.
(i) Using the rise and fall method, calculate the reduced level (RL) of the
stations. Apply usual checks and draw necessary diagram.
(ii) If the last station is another benchmark (BM) having RL = 109.50 ft,
check the RL calculated by rise and fall method for misclosure error and
do necessary corrections (if there is any misclosure error).
Assume, total level route distance between the start and the end point = 2.8 mile and
misclosure constant C = 12 mm. [1 mile = 1.609 km]
(c) Define: index contour and horizontal equivalent in contour. Draw and show the

characteristics contours of the ridge line and the saddle. . (8+7)

Write down some merits of using automatic level and digital leveL

2. (a) A road embankment of 10m width at the formation level with SIde slope 1.5 to I
and having a total length of 250 m is planned to set on a hilly area. The formation level
of the road at zero chainage is 100 m and has a falling gradient of I in 200. Consider
the ground is level across the centerline of the road. Determine Volume of earthwork

for the road embankment. (17 YJ)

Given, the ground levels (GL) along the centerline of cross-section at chainage of- 0,
50,100,150,200 and 250 mare -101.8,100.65,101.15,99.25,98.15 and 98.75 m
respectively.
Contd P/2
"

=2=
CE 103
Contd .... for Q. No.2

(b) Differ~ntiate between plane and geodetic survey. (5+8)

Briefly describe the two-peg test method of checking collimation error that may occur
during a leveling procedure.
(c) The top of Hiron point light house is visible just above the horizon from the certain
place near beach in "Dublar Char". The height of the observation point is 34 ft from
sea-level. If the distance between the lighthouse and the point of observation is 35.5
km, calculate the height of the light house from mean sea level. Also calculate the

amount of error due to refraction for both the lighthouse and observation point. (10)
(d) Write short note on the graphical method used for contour interpolation. (6)

3. (a) A closed-loop traverse ABCDA was run around an area and the following

observations were made: (22~)

-- _ ... _- •..._~--- --- ... ... -

'Station Length Included W.e,B.
f
at . to (m) Angle
I A B 187.4 86'30'02" 140'11'40"
i B .e 382.7 80'59'34"
C D 106.1 91'31'29"
,

,
i D A 364.8 100'59'15" .

- .- ,~

Adjust the angular error, if any, and calculate the coordinates of other stations if the
coordinates of the station A are 1000 m East and 1000 m North.

(b) Why is sidereal day shorter than apparent solar day? (12)
Find the magnetic declination at a place if the magnetic bearing of the sun at noon is:
(i) 188°40' and (ii) 354°40'
I

(c) A star has a declination of 30°8 and Right Ascension 6 h 30 m. Can this star be
seen from' an observatory at latitude 40° N? Determine whether this star is rising and

setting, ne,ver rising, or never setting from the observer's position? (12)

4. (a) A house has a window 15' above the ground. Across the street from this house,
there is a tall building. The angle of elevation and depression of the top and bottom of
this building from the window are 60° and 30° respectively. From the top of the
building, a tower is observed with an angle of elevation of 30° which is 60'7.5" away

from the building. Determine the height of the tower. (15)

Contd P/3
'.
=3=
CE 103
Contd .... for Q. NO.4

(b) The following bearings were observed while traversing with a compass. Only
station C is free from local attraction. Station B must be adjusted by adding 30' and
station D must be adjusted by slibtracting 15' from the erroneous readings. Determine

the correct bearings. Also, determine the missing values in the table. (12)
- -,
I
-Line- _._- - ,- - .-

Fore Bearing
. '

Back Bearing
-

AB 46°5' 226°5'
BC ? 110°15'
CD 65°55' ?
I DE 325°40' 144°50'

(c) Show the variation of Equation of Time over the year in a typical graph. Also, show

the effect of obliquity and eccentricity in the same graph. (9)

(d) Determine the shortest distance between Dhaka (~=90.4°E, 8=23.8°N) and London

(~=O.lOW, 8=51.5°N). (10 YJ)

Note that, for any spherical triangle, cos c = (cos C * sin a * sin b + cos a * cos b)

SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE questions.

5. (a) Write down the functions of a transition curve.

(b) The table below displays the field data for a techeometric survey us 109 a

tacheomeier fitted with an anallactic lens for a vertically held staff. (22)
,. - _ ... - --
Instrument Height of. Staff Vertical Staff Readings
station instrument (meter) station .angle
0 1.40 B (-) 5° 30' 1.76, 1.96, 2.16
0 1.46 P 9°30' 1.49, 1.64, 1.79.
P 1.3 Q 12°00' 1.91,2.07,2.23
,
- " ~.

Calculate the horizontal distances OP, OB and PQ. Also, calculate the elevations of Q,
P and 0 if the elevation of B is 450 meter.
Assume reasonable values for the tacheometric constants.

sin -+C
D = ks cos 2 8+Ccos8; V = ks-.- 28
sin8 ]
[
2
Contd P/4
 =4=

CE 103
I

Could .... for O. No.5

(c) Derive, the equation of an ideal transition curve and hence prove that spiral angle

I::,.
s
=!:-
2R'1
I (6+6)
I

(d) A hori~ontal alignment of a rural highway section has the following arrangement:

transition curve
, -> circular curve -> transition curve. (6)
Determin~ the length of each chord and the angle subtended by each chord for setting
out half of the circular curve using Rankine's method. Consider 20 chords and the
following data: radius of the circular curve = 400 m, I::,. = 40°; 1::,.5 = 6°.

I
6. (a) List the main features of a tacheometer. Briefly describe a method to obtain the
I

constants of a tacheometer in the field.

(b) Estimate the polar deflection angles along with the X-V co-ordinates for setting out
a transition curve in the field using the following data: length of transition curve =

120 m; radius of circular curve = 500 m and number of chords = 12. (12)

(c) With neat sketches prove that the transition curve bisects the shift. (10)
I
(d) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of +4.5%
i .

and -2.5%,, Chain age and reduced level of vertical curve (PVC) are 950 meters and

20.5 mete~s respectively. (12)

The rate Or vertical curvature (k) is 35. Calculate the chainage and reduced levels of
PVI, PVT and midpoint of the curve.
Here, k is the length of curve per percent algebraic difference in intersecting grades.
, '

7. (a) What are the important considerations in selecting the stations for Chain Survey?
Distinguish between: (i) Check Line and Tie Line; (ii) Scale of a Map and

Representative Fraction (RF). (6+6)

(b) Write short notes on "Gunter's Chain", "Optical Square" and "Reconnaissance

Survey" .. (3X5)
. (c) In passing an obstacle in the form of a pond, stations A and D (on the main line)
were taken on the opposite side of the pond. On the left of AD, a 230 m long line AB
was laid down. Another 280 m long second line AC was ranged on the right of AD
with the points B, D and C being in the same straight line. BD and DC were then

chained and found to be 125 m and 137.5 m respectively. Determine the length of AD. (12)
(d) Describe the procedure to overcome an obstacle to ranging if both ends of the line

are not visible from the intermediate point. (770

I

Contd PIS
 =5=
CE 103

8. (a) Describe the basic principles of determining the position of an object in global
positioning system (GPS) using neat sketches. Give a list of applications of remote

sensing in Civil Engineering. (11)

(b) Classify Photogrammetry and briefly describe two types of photog ram metry. Write

down the requirements of an aerial camera. (6+3)

(c) The following figures shows the photographs taken in a terrestrial photogrammetry
with the camera axis horizontal from stations A and B. Camera axis at point A makes
an angle of 35° with the base line AB, while the camera axis produce an angle of 22°
with AB at point B. Distance between A and B is 125 m and focal length of the camera
is 325 mm. Determine (i) horizontal distance of point P from stations A and B. (ii) RL

of point P, if RL of the camera axis at stations A is 12 m . (14)

.,.>-- - ~ --'

I I
I I
I I
• pl. I
I
25m~ ~---- I------r----
I p. I. lOmm
I
I I
I I
I I

1: 0am:'
Photograph from station A
,

(d) The distance from the principal point to an image on a photograph is 6.44 cm, and
the elevation of the object above the datum (sea level) is 250 m. What is the relief
displacement of the point if the datum scale is 1/15000 and the focal length of the
camera is 15 cm. A tower, 50 m high also appears on the same photograph. The
distance of the image of the top of the tower with 10.35 em. Compute the displacement
of the image of the top of the tower with respect to the image of its bottom. The

elevation of the bottom of the tower is 1250 m. (12 X)

L-lff-2/CE Date: 14/03/2019
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-I/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2017-2018

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

I. (a) Discuss some of the possible reasons that may be responsible for errors m
tacheometric surveys.

(b) The table below displays the field data for a tacheometric survey usmg a
tacheometer fitted with an anallactic lens for a vertically held staff. (22)

Instrument Height of Staff Vertical

Staff Readings
station instrument (meter) station angle
0 1.45 B (-)5030' 1.75,1.95,2.15
0 1.45 P 9° 30' 1.50, 1.65, 1.80
P 1.3 Q 12° 00' 1.89,2.05,2.21

Calculate the horizontal distances OP, OB and PQ. Also, calculate the elevations of Q,
P and 0 if the elevation of B is 500 meter.
Assume'reasonable values for the tacheometric constants.

[D = kscos2 B+CcosB; V = ks sin2B+Csin B]

2
(c) For Figure I, show the whole process of levelling in a level book. Use rise and fall
method. (18)

2. (a) Explain the term super-elevation of roadways. Express the fundamental requirement
of a transition curve.

(b) Determine the length of a transition curve for a 4 lane rural highway with the
following available information- (15)
(i) Width of a single lane = 4 meter.
(ii) Design Speed = 70 kmlhr.
(iii) emu,= 0.07; fma,= 0.12
(c) Discuss the factors influencing location and configuration of the alignment of a
horizontal curve. (10)
(d) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of +2.0%
and -3.5%. Chainage and reduced level of the point of vertical curve (PVC) are 1250
meters and 32.5 meters respectively. The rate of vertical curvature (k) is 20. Calculate
the chainage and reduced levels ofPVI and midpoint of the curve. (15)

3. (a) Discuss the effects of curvature and refraction on levelling and explain how to
obtain the corrected readings.

Contd P/2
 =3=
CE 103

SECTION -8
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Assume reasonable value for any missing data (only.

5. (a) Calculate the earthquake for an embankment using the following data: (18)

Chainage (m) o 30 60
Ground Level (m) 6.2 9.4 12.4
Formation Level (m) 10.4 10.4 10.4

Formation level width = 25m, Side Slope =2 horizontal to I vertical. Ground is level
across the embankment width.
(b) What do you mean by curvature correction for volume computation? How would
you apply curvature correction for curved embankment with end cross-section AI and

(c) A tower is located on a hilltop at T. Angular readings are taken with a theodolite
from two instrumentation stations A and B, which are 50 m apart. Given the following
data, determine the R.L. of hilltop at T and the tower height. Height of instrument (R.L.
of instrumental centre) = 10 m. Vertical angles from A to the top and bottom of the
tower at T is 35° and 28° (upward) respectively. Whole circle bearing of line AT, AB

and BT is 25°, 110°, 5° respectively. (18)

6. (a) Determine the shortest distance travelling from X (120° W, 20° N) to Y (40° E, 100S)
on the surface of earth. (12)
[Given: cos c = cos C sin a sin b + cos a cos b]

(b) Distinguish between (answer any two), show figures where necessary: (6x2=12)
(i) Standard Time and Mean Solar Time
(ii) Azimuth and Whole Circle Bearing
(iii) Apparent Solar Day and Mean Solar Day
(c) With neat sketch, describe the independent coordinate system used In star

catalogues. (6 3-j')

(d) The altitude of the sun's lower limb at local apparent moon was measured to be
40°45'30". Apply all necessary astronomical corrections to determine the corrected
altitude of the sun. Hence, determine the latitude of the place of observation. Nautical
Almanac gives the following information for the time of observation: (16)
Declination of sun = 5°30' N, semi-diameter of sun = 16'0", Horizontal parallax of
sun = 8.8".

7. (a) Determine the volume of landfill with best accuracy to raise the ground in Fig. 2 to
an elevation ofl2 m. The R.L. (m) at comer points of square grids is given Fig. 2 (10)
Contd P/4
 =4=
CE 103

(b) Define closing error of a closed traverse. Describe the graphical method of
balancing the closing error. Present neat sketches.

(c) Describe the basic principles of determining the position of an object in global
positioning system (GPS) using neat sketches. Give a list of applications of remote
sensing in civil engineering. (11)
(d) In conducting a traverse survey, length of line BC and bearing of EA is missing.
Determine the missing data. (16)
Line Length (m) Bearing
AB 282.2 61 °30'
BC Missing 151°24'
CD 324.7 201 °2'
DE 38\.6 280°14'
EA 210.6 Missing

8. (a) With neat sketches, describe briefly the process of reciprocal rangIng during

chaining. (8 %)
(b) Differentiate between direct and indirect methods of contouring. Draw typical
contours of an overhanging cliff, a hill, a vertical cliff. (5+9)
(c) Write short notes on: (i) check line (ii) reconnaissance survey (iii) conditions to be
fulfilled by the main stations and survey lines during chain survey. (3+4+5)
(d) The length of a survey line AB was measured with a 30 m chain in two segments due
to different slope at 25°C by applying a pull of 150 N. The length of the two segments
are 165 m and 240 m, the gradient of the first segment is I: 12 and slope of the second
segment is 3°. Determine the horizontal distance AB, if the chain was standardized at
20°C with a pull of 100 N. The cross-sectional area of the chain is 5 mm2, co-efficient of
thermal expansion of the chain material is 12 x 1O-6/oC and E = 2 x lOs Nt mm2. (12)

I:-l'f)-rct. . pis
 -h_
-'J-

-- _ . _-
----~-----
.

~ .p
8.M. OQ
X x x
/ x X x
B X
R.L.
IO~
A
-~
-=--=-~~-
C D E F Q....:--

Backsight "
1.815 .
=.515m.
1.525 .
",
j-~--- ~-,
" .
-- -----
.- _.:.:. '..;-'-~'- - 1.655
RM. .1.515

. RL,= 100.545 .

Fall between . 1.645

RM, and A,

A B. :C D E F G
'--------'-- '- ~_.
-----~----;::-~---- _ _.J

13

f! 7,' :n
~-s-r""-:-'- ,-

..,....:-0.'1- . b"~ b'

X t S,.,.., * 1>>'»,
 •

=2=
CE 103
Contd ... Q. No.3

(b) Illustrate the following- (9)

(i) Reciprocal levelling;
(ii) Barometric levelling:
(iii) Trigonometric levelling.
(c) A page of an old level book had been damaged by white ants and the readings "?"
are missing. Compute the missing readings with the help of available readings and

arithmetic check. (20)

Distance Back- Inter- Fore- Height of
R.L Remarks
(inm) Sight sight sight instrument
? ? 209.510 B.M
0 1.675 ?
30 ? 210.425
60 3.355 209.080
? 0.840 ? 209.52 ? Changing point
120 ? 208.275
150 ? 210.635 Underside of bridge girder
? ? 2.630 ? ? ?
210 ? 206.040
240 1.920 205.895
270 ? 205.690

(d) Sketch typical contour maps of the following- (8)

(i) Pond, (ii) River, (iii) Valley line, (iv) Ridge line

4. (a) Describe with neat sketches the general steps involved in a typical house setting
project. (IO)
(b) Explain relief displacement? Why the relief displacement of the point vertically

below the exposure station is zero? (673')

(c) The ground length of a line AB is known to be 44227 m. The scale of the object A
and Bare 1.46 x 10.5 and 1.57 x 10.5 respectively. On a vertical photograph taken with
a camera includes the images A and B of these points and their photographic co-
ordinates are: (x. = +200 mm, y. = +150 mm, Xb = -320 mm, Yb = ??). Estimate the Yb

co-ordinates. (IS)
(d) Photographs ofa certain area were taken from A and B (two camera stations) 130 m
apart. The focal length of the camera was 100 mm. The whole circle bearing angles of
the camera axis for station A and B were 50° and 290°. The line joining AB had a
whole circle forward bearing of 110°. The image of a point C appears 20.2 mm to the
right and 16.4 mm above the hair lines on the photograph taken at station A and 35.2
mm to the left on the photograph taken at B. Calculate the distance AC and BC. If the
elevation of point C is 131.820 m, find the elevation of the instrument axis at A. (15)

Contd P/3
."

.....•... - ~

L-l/T-2/CE Date: 18/02/2018

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-l/T -2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2016-2017

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours

USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Assume reasonable values for missing data, if any.

SECTION -A

There are FOUR .questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) What are the functions of a transition curve? Use neat sketch where necessary. (10)

(b) Prove that shift, S = L2/24R where, L = length of transition curve and R = radius of
curvature of circular curve. (10)

(c) What do you understand by the term 'degree of curvature'? Considering side friction (t),
establish a relationship among design speed (v), radius of curvature (R) and rate of supper-
elevation (e). (10)

(d) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of + 1.5% and
-2.5%. The chainage and reduced level of point of vertical curve (PVC) are 1550 m and 30
m, respectively. The rate of vertical curvature, k is 35. Calculate the chainage and reduced
levels of point of vertical intersection (PVI), point of vertical tangency (PVT) and midpoint
of the curve. Here, k is the length of curve per percent algebraic difference in intersecting
grades. (16%)

2. (a) What do you understand by 'DGPS'? Briefly explain how GPS technology can be used
in a road construction project. (10)

(b) Briefly state some applications of ,GIS' and 'remote sensing' in civil engineering. (10)

(c) List the main features of a tacheometer. Briefly describe a method to obtain the constants
of tacheometer in the field. (10)

(d) The elevation of a point P is to be determined by observations from two adjacent stations
of a tacheometric survey. The staff was held vertically upon the point, and the instrument
was fitted within an anallactic lens. The constants of the instrument are 100 and O. Comput~
the elevation of the point P from the following data. Also calculate the distance of A and B

from P. (16%)

Height of Staff Vertical

Station Staff reading (m) Elevation (m)
axis (m) point angle
A 1.42 P +5°30' 1.230 2.055 2.880 77.75
B lAO P -3°30' 0.785 1.800 2.815 97.14
Contd P/2
 =2=

CE 103
3. (a) What is local attraction? What are the causes of local attraction? How can you detect
local attraction? (10)
(b) What is true bearing? The magnetic bearing ofa line AB was N28°30'E in the year 1910.

The declination at the time in the place was 7°15' East. In the year 2010 the declination at the

place was 3°30' East. Determine the true bearing in 2010. (10)

(c) Compare between: (i) chain surveying and traverse surveying and (ii) automatic level and

precise level for ieveling. (10)

(d) A closed traverse was conducted round an obstacle and the following measurements were

made. Find out the missing lengths ST and TP. Draw the traverse". (16%)

Side Length of Side (m) Bearing

PQ 500 98°30'
QR 620 N30020'E
RS 468 N61°30'W
ST ? S5000'W
TP ? N59°50'E

4. (a) Compare between: (10)

(i) Height of instrument method of leveling; rise and fall method of leveling

(ii) Square method of contouring and tacheometric method of contouring

(b) List the natural errors in leveling. How can you conduct leveling for a pond or lake which

is too wide to be sighted across? (10)

(c) List five important characteristics of contour. Draw typical contour of 'steep slope' and

'river', (10)

(d) The following data are taken from a level book in which some of the readings were found
to be missing. Calculate the missing data (indicated by"?") and reduced level (R.L.) of all
stations. Apply usual checks and draw necessary diagrams. (16%)

Station Staff reading (m) Rise (m) Fall (m) R.L. (m) Remarks
Back Inter Fore
A 1.5
B 2.1
C 3.3 1.3 T.P.
D ? 11.5 B.M.
E 4.4 5.9 0.4 T.P.
F ? 3.3 T.P.
G 3.3 0.2

Note: R.L. = Reduced level, T.P. = Turing Point, B.M. = Bench Mark.

Contd P/3
 =3=

CE 103
SECTION-B

There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

.5. (a) From a location on earth the altitude a star above horizon is 71 °20'. The position of the
star is along the prime vertical circle during the time of observation. If Celestial North Pole is
38°30' above horizon, determine-(i) azimuth of the star during time of observation,

(ii) declination of the star and (iii) comment if the star is circumpolar or not. (15%)

[hint: for calculation your may use the cosine formula for spherical trigonometry.]

cos a - eosb.eose
cos A =------
sinb.sine
[Notations have their usual meaning]

(b) With the help of required illustrations, describe the chaining procedure for the following
cases: (15)

(i) A survey line crosses the river obliquely

(ii) Chaining round the obstacle is possible by m~ans of measuring angles.

(iii) Foot of the perpendicular of an object on chain line by swing method.

(c) Differentiate between plane surveying and geodetic surveying. Briefly discuss

classification of surveying based upon the object of survey. (4+6) .

(d) Discuss briefly graphical methods of determining area iri surveying. (6)

6. (a) An engineer's chain is used for surveying an area. The air temperature in the field was
98.6°F. The chain was pulled with a constant force of20 lb during measurement. The weight

of the chain was found to be 4.5 lbs. (16%)

(i) Calculate the corrected chain length after applying necessary corrections,

(ii) Obtained data was used to draw a survey map to a scale of 1 inch = 25 feet. If the
length of the baseline on the plan is 11.4 inch, find true length of the baseline.

(b) Prove that to be a circumpolar star, the polar distance for a celestial body should be equal

or less than the latitude of that place. Draw neat sketch to support your explanation. (8)

(c) Write down some merits and demerits of the following methods of volume calculation

(i) volume calculation using contour lines and (ii) volume calculatibn by spot height method. (10)

(d) Write short notes on: (12)

(i) Exposure Station {ii) Relief Displacement (iii) EDM

Contd P/4
.•

=4=

CE 103

7. (a) Photographs of a certain area were taken from A and B, two camera stations, 10 m
apart (see figures). The axis of the camera makes an angle of 500and 46° with the base line at
stations A and B respectively. The image of a point D appears 12 mm to the left and 6 mm
above th~ hair lines on the photographs taken at A and 15 mm to the left on the photograph
taken at B as shown in Figure 7. RLs ofthe camera axis at station A and Bare 3.5 m and 3.6
m respectively. Calculate the distances of point D from both of the stations and the distance

Yp in the photograph taken from Station B. Assume focal length of the camera as 200 mm. (20%)

(b) Classify Photogrammetry and briefly describe two types of photograrnmetry. What are

the requirements of an aerial camera? (8+5)

(c) What is project surveying? Write down the sequences, operations and considerations of

Dhaka Elevated Expressway Project Survey. (8)

(d) Write short notes on Crab and Drift with proper illustrations. (5)

8. (a) A borrow pit is excavated on a ground surface. Dimension of the excavation is shown
in figure (8a). Assume ground slope = 1:10 and side slope of the pit 1: 2. Calculate the

volume of excavation. (20%)

(b) Derive the equation to compute length of line between two points of different elevations

from measurements on a vertical photograph. (8)

(d) Discuss briefly different co-ordinate systems used in field astronomy. (12)
 uD
l
D
~
Yp
'0
", -
J2mm
J5mm

Photograph from Station A

Photograph from Station 8

Figure for Question No.-7(a)

I'"
!
I PLAN

I
I
If ~

I
,I. :-200ft-+
3~
~',

LONGITUDINAL SECTION
I

Figure for Question NO.-B(a)

L-1/T-2/CE Date: 16/01/2017
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-1/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2015-2016

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks : 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
Assume reasonable value for any missing data. Symbols have their usual meanings.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Define 'Orientation' of Plane Table and discuss how it is achieved in the field. (2%+5)

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Plane Table Surveying. Make a
companson between Radiation Method and Intersection Method of Plane Table

Surveying. (8+6)
(c) What are the important considerations in selecting the stations for Chain-Survey?
Distinguish between - (i) Cheek Line and Tie Line; (ii) Scale of a Map and

Representative Fraction (RF). (6+6)

(d) Write short notes on 'Record Keeping' in Chain Survey. First half of an Engineer's
chain measures 48.50 feet while the second half of that particular chain measures 51.00
feet. A certain distance from point 'A' to 'B' has been measured by this defective chain

and found to be 2860.40 feet. What is the exact distance between those two points? (5+8)

2. (a) Write short notes on Independent Equatorial System. With the help of a schematic

diagram, prove that Altitude of Pole (Up) == Latitude of Observer's position (8). (7 % +6)

(b) Write short notes on Crab and Drift with proper illustrations. Define Parallax and

derive the Parallax equation for elevation of a point in aerial photogrammetry. (8+2+6)
(c) An area is 18 miles long and 14 miles wide. It is to be photographed with a lens
having 10 inch focal length for the purpose of compiling a topographic map. The
photograph size is 8 inch by 8 inch. The average scale is to be 1 : 7500 effective at an
average elevation of 600 ft above sea level. The overlaps of the .images are to be at least
65%. If speed of aircraft is 180 mph, determine the flying height. Exposure interval

rounded to integral number of seconds and number of photographs per flight line. (12)
(d) Define Photogrammetry. State the perspective principles of vertical photographs. (2+3)

3. (a) Define the following terms of Astronomical Surveying (i) Celestial Sphere, (ii) Right

Ascension, (iii) Azimuth and (iv) Sidereal Time (16)

(b) For a particular location on earth, ~ = 50°25' E. Equaiton of time at G.M.N. is 4 m
2.50s and increasing at a rate of 0.28 slh. Determine Local Apparent Time (L.A.T) if

L.M.T. = 15h25m30s. (10)

Contd P12
 =2=

CE 103
Contd ... Q. No.3
(c) Draw neat sketch showing the Declination (8) of a star and the Latitude (8) of the

place. Now prove that for the star to be a circumpolar star, Declination (8) should be

greater than co-latitude (90°-8) of that place. (10%)

(d) Write short notes on Curvature Correction in calculating volume of Earthwork for

construction of a road embankment. (10)

4. (a) Write short notes on Apparent Solar Time and Equation of Time. (5+3)
(b) Classify Photogrammetry and state the purposes of Photogrammetry. What do you

mean by quasi-static photograph and tilted photograph? (2+4+6)

(c) Make a list of various methods of measuring a linear distance directly. With the help
of required illustrations, briefly mention how - (i) a perpendicular from a point on the
chain line can be drawn, (ii) chaining can be done across a large obstacle when vision is

not obstructed. (3%+8)

(d) What are the basic assumptions in computing the volume using cross-sections? Show
that for the cross section of a two-level section shown in figure-I, area is computed by

the following formula. (4+11)

Figure.,.!

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE questions.

5. (a) List the factors influencing the location and configuration of alignment of a horizontal

curve. (8)
(b) Write down the functions of a transition curve with neat sketches. (6%)
(c) Derive the equation of an ideal transition curve and hence prove that spiral angle,
L
~s=- (7+7=14)
2R

Contd P/3
 =3=

CE 103
Contd ... Q. No.5
(d) A parabolic vertical curve is to be set out connecting two uniform grades of + 1.5%
and -3.5%. The chainage and reduced level of point of vertical curve (pvc) are 1670
metres and 30 metres respectively. The rate of vertical curvature, k is 39. Calculate the

chainage and reduced levels of PVI, PVT and inidpointof the curve. (18)
Note: k is the length of curve per percent algebraic difference in intersecting grades.

6. (a) What do you understand by GPS? Briefly describe how the exact position of a GPS

receiver is computed? (4+8=12)

(b) Classify remote sensing. State five civil engmeenng applications of "Remote

Sensing." (4+5=9)
(c) Briefly describe a method to obtain the constants oftacheometer in the field. (10)
(d) A tacheometer was set up at a station 'A' and the readings on a vertically held staff at
'B' were 2.255, 2.605 and 2.955, the line of sight being at an inclination of +8°24'.
Another observation on a vertically held staff at RM. gave the readings 1.640, 1.920,
2.200, the inclination of line of sight being + 1°6'. Calculate the horizontal distance
between A and B, and the elevation of 'B' if the R.L. of RM. is 418.685 metres. The

constants of instruments were 100 and 0.3.

7. (a) Define magnetic declination. List the factors upon which the diurnal variation

depends. (3+2=5)
(b) Briefly describe a method for determining local attraction. Assume the magnetic
bearing of a line AB in the year 1890 was N26°15'E. The declination at that time in the

place was 6°15' east. In the year 2015, the declination at that place was 2°30' west.

Determine the magnetic bearing in 2015. (4+7=11)

(c) Compare between the followings: (5x3=15)
(i) Traverse surveying and levelling
(ii) Direct Levelling and Indirect levelling
(iii) Techeometeric method of contouring and cross sectional method of contouring.
(d) The following lengths and bearings were recorded in running a traverse ABCDE. The
length and bearing of EA was omitted. Sketch the traverse and calculate the length and

bearing of line EA.

Line Length (m) Bearing

AB 217.5 120°15'
BC 318.0 62°30'
CD 375.0 322°24'
DE 283.5 335°18'
EA ? ?

Contd P/4
 =4=

CE 103

(3+4=7)

determining the effect of curvature in levelling. (5+5=10)

(c) Draw typical contour map of the followings (3+5+5=13)
(i) Pond, (ii) Overhanging Cliff, (iii) River
(d) The following is a page of a level book, where some readings were missing. Calculate
the missing data (indicated by'?') and the reduced levels of all the stations. Apply usual

checks. (16%)
Station Staff Reading Rise Fall R.L. Remarks
Back Inter Fore
1 3.250 249.260 RM.
2 1.755 ? 0.750 T.P.
3 1.950
4 ? 1.920 T.P.
5 2.340 1.500
6 ? 1.000
7 1.850 2.185 T.P.
8 1.575
9 ?
10 ? 1.895 1.650 T.P.
11 1.350 0.750
Note: R. L. = Reduced level, RM. = Bench Mark, T.P. = Turning Point.
L-1/T-2/CE Date: 18/01/2016
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-l/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2014-2015

Sub : CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) With a neat sketch, describe the method of chaining between two points that are not

inter-visible. Note that, from suitable intermediate points both points are visible. (13)

(b) Write Short notes 'Gunter's Chain', 'Optical Square' and Reconnaissance Survey'. (15)
(c) A survey line PQR crosses a river in an inclined direction. From point P, Q and Rare
on the near and distant banks of the river respectively. A particular point 0 is 60 meters
away from Q, while measured perpendicularly to PQ. Bearings of Rand Pare 3200 and

2300 respectively from O. IfPQ is 30 meter, determine the length ofQR. (6)
(d) To test the line of collimation of a Dumpy level, the instrument was placed at C,
exactly at mid-way between two points A and B, 200 ft apart. The staff readings at A and
B were 4.62 ft and 2.86 ft respectively. The instrument was then placed at D, 50 ft behind
B, in the same straight line and the staff readings at A and B were 4.84 ft and 2.98 ft

respectively. Find the correct staff readings at A and B from level station D. (127j)

2. (a) Classify Photogrammetry and briefly describe two types of Photogrammetry. What

are the requirements of an aerial camera? (6+ 3)

(b) State at least 6 (six) purpose of aerial surveying. Write short notes on Crab and Drift

with proper illustrations. (3+ 12)

(c) An area is 18 miles long and 12 miles wide. It is to be photographed with a lens
having 9 inch focal length for the purpose of compiling a topographic map. The
photograph size is 8 inch by 8 inch. The average scale is to be 1 : 6000 effective at an
average elevation of 500 ft above sea level. The overlaps of the images are to be at least
60% and sidelaps to be at least 20%. Determine, (i) Flying height, (ii) Exposure interval
rounded to integral number of seconds, (iii) Number of flight lines and (iv) Total number

of Photographs. (16)
(d) The top of Kutubdia light house is visible just above the horizon from a certain place
when the height of the observer is 50 ft from sea-level. The distance of the light house

from the observer is 20 miles. Calculate the height of the light house. (6 7j )

Contd P/2
 =2=

CE 103

3. (a) Define contour interval. Briefly describ'e the considerations III selecting proper

contour interval. (10%)

(b) Define the following terms of Astronomical Surveying (answer any three)

(i) Observer's Meridian, (ii) Right Ascension, (iii) Azimuth and (iv) Ecliptic. (12)
(c) Find the shortest distance between A (<I> = l400E, 8 = 20.5°S) and B (<I> = 700E,

8 = 20.5°S). Now find the distance between these two points along a line of constant

latitude. (10+4)
(d) Draw a neat sketch showing the Declination (8) of a star and the Latitude (8) of the

place. Now prove that for the star to be a circumpolar star, Declination (8) should be

greater than co-latitude (90° - 8) of that place. (5+5) 'l~\

j:t.f-
~'.~
:I,e ,{ •

4. (a) Write short notes on two major Astronomical Corrections.

(b) Draw a neat sketch of a tilted photograph and identify (i) Nadir point, (ii) Angle of
tilt, (iii) Principle line, (iv) Swing, (v) Azimuth of Principal plane, (vi) Isocentre and (vii)

Horizon point.
(c) Two theodolite stations A and Bare 100 ft apart, while bearing of line AB, measured
from A is 90°. Bearing of a particular tower from point A and Bare 340° 20' and 310°

30' respectively. Vertical angle at the top of the tower measured from A is 26° 12'. Staff
reading on B.M. when the instrument is at A, is 1.95 m. First, draw a neat plan view
showing the theodolite stations and the horizontal angels only. Then, determine the

elevation of the top of the tower ifthat ofB.M. is 100.85 meters. (3+9)
(d) What are the basic assumptions in computing the volume using cross-sections? Show
that for the cross section of a two-level section shown in figure-I, area is computed by

the following formula. (3+7) ,

".I

(-'-
(
Figure-1 I
Contd P/3 \
• , .
=3=

CE 103
SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) Following observations were taken from two traverse stations by means of a

tacheometer fitted with an anallactic lens. (20)

Inst. station Staff station Height of inst. Bearing Vertical angle Staff readings
A C 1.38 m 226°30' + 10°12' 0.765, 1.595,2.425
B D 1.42 m 84°45' -12°30' 0.820, 1.840, 2.860 .
, ,

Co-ordinates (in meter) of station A: 212.3 N, 186.8 W

Co-ordinates (in meter) of station B: 102.8 N, 96.4 W
Complete the length and gradient of the line CD, if B is 6.50 m higher than A. Staff was
kept vertical during the survey.

(b) What is closing error in traverse surveying? Show this error in a neat sketch. (570

(c) The following bearings were taken in running a compass traverse: (16)
Line F.B B.B
AB 124°30' 304°30'
BC 68°15' 246°0'
CD 310°30' 135°15'
DA 200°15' 17°45'
At what stations do you suspect local attraction? Find the correct bearings of the lines and
also compute the included angels.

(d) What are the requirements of a magnetic needle? (5)

6. (a) What is magnetic declination? In an old map, a line AB was drawn to a magnetic
bearing of 5°30', the magnetic declination at the time being 1° East. To what magnetic

bearing should the line be set now if the present magnetic declination is 8°30' East? (2+3%=5%

(b) Describe briefly any 3 methods of plane tabling with proper illustrations. (3x6=18)
(c) A four sided traverse ABCD has the following lengths and bearings: (15)
Line Length (m) Bearing
AB 500 Roughly East
BC 245 178°
CD Not obtained 270°
DA 216 10°
Find the exact bearing of the side AB.
(d) Describe briefly the graphical method of balancing the traverse with proper

illustrations. (8)

7. (a) Define and classify "Remote Sensing" What do you mean by "Nuclear Detection

System (NDS or NUDET)? State five applications of GIS. (5+5+4)

(b) "For accurate determination of 3D positions by GPS, 4 satellites must be in view of

the receiver". Explain. (10)

Contd P/4
'\)'-

(\
 =4=

CE 103
Contd ... Q. No.7
(c) Differentiate between linear method and angular method of setting out curves.

(d) A crest vertical curve is to be set out with initial grade of 1.2% and final grade of
- 3.0%. The chainage and reduced level of point of intersection (PVI) are 1500 m and 30
m respectively. The rate of vertical curvature is 39. Calculate the chainage and reduced

levels of PVC, PVT and midpoint ofthe curve. (12)

(e) Why vertical curves are used in roadways or highways? Why parabolic curve is used

as vertical curve? (3+3=6)

8. (a) Write down the functions oftransition curves?

(b) Derive the equation of an ideal transition curve and hence derive the expression for

shift, S = ~ with necessary sketch. (Symbols have their usual meaning). (7+7=14)
24R
(c) Based on the following information, calculate necessary data for setting out the "
,
"
,', c

transition and circular curve in the field. Deflection angle, ~ = 48°, Design speed, V = 80
km/h, Maximum rate of super-elevation, emax = 0.12, Max. rate of change of radial
acceleration = 0.2 m/sec3, chainage of PI = 840 m.
Tabulate the data for one transition curve and half of the circular curve using deflection

angle method. Use maximum peg interval = 20m. (18)

(d) Briefly explain the procedure for setting out the combined transition and circular

curves by deflection angle method. (8)

[ !,
,',
L-lIT-2/CE Date: 29/06/2015
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-1/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2013-2014

Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Assume reasonable value of missing, data, only if necessary.

1. (a) Distinguish between (answer any two) (8x2=16)

(i) Apparent solar day & sidereal day
(ii) Celestial north pole & North point
(iii) Spherical side and spherical angle
Show neat sketches where applicable.
(b) What is the shortest distance between two points on the surface of earth? Calculate
•
the shortest distance between two point A(800E, 700N) and B(1000W, 200S). (8)
(c) The altitude of the sun's lower limb at local apparent noon (LAT = 12 pm) was
measured to be 80°45'30". Apply all necessary astronomical corrections (assuming no
instrumental corrections) to determine the true altitude of the sun. The sun is located to
the south of Zenith. Hence, determine the latitude of the place of observation. Also show
the lower transit of sun in your figure. Nautical Almanac gives the following

information for the time of observation: (16)

Declination of sun = 200S, semi-diameter of sun 16'0", Horizontal parallax of

sun = 8.8".
(d)With neat sketches, describe the coordinate system which is independent of

observer's position.

2. (a) Why do you need to apply prismoidal correction? Derive an expression ofprismoidal

correction for two-level section. Show neat diagram. (167j)

(b) Staff readings are taken at station C from two theodolite stations A and B. Also
vertical angles are taken to the top and bottom of a transmission tower at X. Ifhorizontal
distance AB = 100 ft and points A, B, X lie in same vertical plane, determine the height
of tower 'H' (Fig. 1) using the information below. Also mention the differences of

elevation between points C and X. (18)

Contd P12

; .. -
'.
=2=

CE l03/CE
Contd ... Q. No. 2(b)

Theodolite Station Vertical Angle Object Staff Reading (ft)

A 0° Staff at C 3.2

A 30° Top of Tower at X -

A 18° Base of Tower at X -
B 0° Staff at C 4.7

B 33° Top of Tower at X -

----~--"=,.-,-~-.,-~-,.-'----.-'-'--z'--'-, -.•"---".".,---,,
..----,.
\

(c) State Pappus theorem. Hence derive an expression for curvature correction to
volume. Is it positive or negative? Discuss. How do you apply this correction when

cross-sectional area varies? (12)

3. (a) With the help of a schematic diagram, define level surface, horizontal plane, vertical

line, elevation. (8)

(b) Compare between the relative merits of self-reading staff and target staff. What are

the defects of using a single lens as the objective lens of a telescope? (6+5=11)
(c) List the characteristics of contours. (lO~)
(d) Write down the sources of natural and personal errors in levelling. With the help of
required figures, show that error in staff reading due to curvature of earth surface is

approximately 8 inches for :first mile. (5+12=17)

4. (a) Describe the basic prindiples of GPS with proper sketches. (6)
(b) Define (answer any foui"): (4x3=12)
(i) Compensating error (ii) Residual error (iii) Sounding (iv) Magnetic declination
(v) Open traverse (vi) Departure.

(c) Describe any two methods briefly of plane tabling with proper sketches. (14%)

Contd P/3
r

=3=

CE l03/CE
Contd ... Q. No.4

(d) A tacheometer is set up at an intermediate point on a traverse course PQ and the

following observations are made on a vertically held staff? (14)

Staff intercept
Staff station Vertical angle Axial hair readings, (m)
(m)
P + 8°36' 2.350 2.1 05

Q + 6° 2.055 1.895

Compute the length PQ and R.L. ofQ. R.L. ofP is 321.5 m. The tacheometric constants
are 100 and 0.3.

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) What are the functions of a Transition Curve? Make a list of the elements of a

Circular Curve. (4+5=9)

(b) What are the important considerations in selecting the stations for Chain-Survey?

Write short notes on chaining along sloping ground. (7+6=13)

(c) Make a list of various sources of errors in Chain survey. A steel tape of 100 ft length,
standardized at 30 lb pull, was used in the field with a pull of 40 lbs. The cross sectional
area of the tape and Young's Modulus of steel are 0.025 sq. inch and 30 x 106 psi
respectively. A ground distance was measured as 450 ft with this tape. What is the

accurate ground distance? (4+8=12)

(d) To test the line of collimation of a Dumpy level, the instrument was placed at C,
exactly at mid-way between two points A and B, 250 ft apart. The staff readings at A
and B were 5.82 ft and 3.46 ft respectively. The instrument was then placed at D, 50 ft
behind B, in the same straight line and the staff readings at A and B were 5.12 ft and

2.86 ft respectively. Find the correct staff readings at A and B from level station D. (l27j)

6. (a) Define Photogrammetry. What are the three most important requirements during

flying of an aircraft for the purpose of Aerial Photogrammetry? (2+3=5)

(b) In case of Terrestrial Photogrammetry, briefly describe the principle involved in

plotting of a point whose images have been taken from two camera stations. (13)

Contd P/4
•
=4=

CE l03/CE
Contd ... Q. NO.6

(c) An area is 25 miles long and 20 miles wide. It is to be photographed with a lens
having 10 inch focal length for the purpose of compiling a topographic map. The
photograph is is 7 inch by 7 inch. The average scale is to be 1 : 8000 effective at an
average elevation of 500 ft above sea level. The overlaps of the images are to be at least
60%. Determine the flying height, Exposure interval rounded to integer number of
seconds and Ground distance between exposures. (12)
(d) The following is a page of a Level Book. The level was set at a chainage of
00-10,000. First, calculate the missing data in the table. Then, apply only curvature
correction and complete the entire table with corrected values. Show necessary
calculations and checks. All data are in feet unit. (16.% )
Chainage Back Intermediate Fore Reduce
Rise Fall Remarks
(ft) Sight Sight Sight Level
00+00 4.65 100.00 RM.

00+1000 3.52

00+2000 103.50

00+3000 6.20 7.90 T.P

00+4000 101.50

Total

7. (a) What is local attraction? Give a short description of a method for detecting local
attraction. (2+5=7)
(b) the following fore and back bearings were observed in traversing with a compass in
place where local attraction is suspected. Find the corrected fore and back bearings and
the true bearing of each line given that the magnetic declination was 100W. (15)
Line F.R RR Line F.R RR

AB 38°30' 219°15' CD 25°45' 207°15'

BC 100°45' 278°30' DE 325°15' 145°15'

(c) What is closing error? Plot the following compass traverse with suitable scale and
adjust it for closing error by graphical method. (15.%)

Line Length (m) Bearing

AB 130 S 88° E

BC 158 S 6° E

CD 145 S 40° W

DE 308 N 81° W

EA 337 N 48° E

(d) How will you determine the tacheometric constants by field observations? (6)
(e) What do you mean by Remote Sensing and GIS? (3)
Contd P/5
•
=5=

CE l03/CE

8. (a) The following lengths and bearings were recorded in running a Theodolite traverse
in the counter clockwise direction. The length of CD and Bearing of DE are missing.

Determine the missing data. (107j )

Line Length (m) R.B.

AB 281.4 S 69°11' E

BC 129.4 N21°49'E

CD ?? N 19°34' W

DE 144.5 ??

EA 168.7 S 74°24' E

(b) Two sets of tacheometric readings were taken from an instrument station A to a staff

station B. The reduced level of A is 100.06 m. (14)

Instrument P- Constants are 100 and 0.06 m; staff held vertically to the line of sight
Instrument Q- Constants are 90 and 0.06 m; staff held vertically to the line of sight
Height of Vertical
Instrument At To Stadia readings, m
Instrument, m Angle
P A B 1.5 0.755, 1.005, 1.255 26°

Q A B 1.45 ? ? ?
"' ., . 26°

(c) Make a list of various methods of measuring a linear distance directly. With the help
of a figure, show that for an Optical Square to perform its function, two internal mirrors

are to be placed at an angle of 45°. (3+9=12)

(d) List the factors influencing the location and configuration of the alignment of a

horizontal curve. What are the principle requirements of a Magnetic Needle? (6+4=10)
 L-lff-2/CE Date: 11/06/2014
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L..,J/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2012-2013

Sub : CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
'~"-"-----~"-"""-"""'--""""-'--'-"""'-'-~-""'-"'--'''''''-_'''''''''_'_'''''''' ''''''_''' __ .".M ••..•••.••••.•••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•.•.•••.•••..•.••• _ •..•••..••.•...••..•••••••••••••••••••••••• _ •••.•••.•.•••••••.•..• " •••••••••.• _•••••••••• _ •••.•••••• _ ••••......•. __ .•.........•••• __ ••••••..•..•.•.••.••••.•• __ ._ ..•.•• __ ••.•.••••••• _ •••••.•.•..• ~_

SECTION-A
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE questions.

1. (a) Classify surveying based on instrument used? Write down the sources of errors in
surveying. (4+3=7)
(b) List the obstacles in chain surveying. Describe the procedure to overcome an obstacle

to ranging if both ends of the line are not visible from intermediate paint. (3+8=11)
(c) A surveying line BAC crosses a river. A and C being on the near and distant banks
respectively. Standing at D, a point 50 meters measured perpendicularly to AB. From A,
".
the bearings of C and B are 320° and 230°, respectively. Find the width of the river if

AB = 25 m. Draw necessary diagram. (8~)

(d) Compare between 'mistake' and 'compensating error' in case of chain survey. How can
you correct a chain for 'sag'.? (6+6=12)
(e) For what type ofproject(s) 'tacheometry' is suitable? Write down the principle sources
of errors in 'Stadia tacheometry'. (4+4=8)

2. (a) Define the following terms: (3x4=12)

(i) Forward bearing, (ii) Backward bearing, (iii) Closing error, (iv) Local attraction.
(b) Describe a method for detecting . local attraction. Assume the magnetic bearing of a
line AB read in the year 1890 was N26° 15' E. The declination at that time in the place

was 6°15' east. In the year 2012, the declination at the place was 2°15' west. Determine
the magnetic bearing in 2012. (4+9=13)
(c) Differentiate between 'levelling' and 'contouring'. (6)
(d) During a traverse survey, following observations were made. Find out the missing
lengths. Plot the traverse in a plain -graph paper. (15~)
Side Length(m) Bearing
AB - ? N33°45'E
BC 300 N86°23' E
CD ? 169°23'
DE 450 S63°54' W
EA 268 N42°30' W

Contd P/2
 to'

=2=

CE 103
3. (a) Differentiate between 'traverse surveying' and 'chain surveying'. (6)
(b) Compare between 'trigonoll?-etric levelling' and 'spirit levelling'. Write down the

sources of natural and personal errors in levelling. (8+5=13)

(c) The following data are taken form a level book. Some of the data are missing in the
level book. Calculate the missing data and reduced level of all stations. Apply usual

checks and draw ~ecessary'diagram. (18%)

Station Staff reading (m) Rise . Fall R.L. Remarks

(m) (m) (m)
Back Inter Fore
A ?
B 2.1 0.6 13.5 B.M.
C 3.3 1.3 ? T.P.
0 ? 3.0
E ? 6.0 ? T.P.
F 3.6 3.5 0.9 T.P.
U ? 0.3

Note: RL. = Reduced level, T.P. = Turning point/change point and B.M. = Bench Mark.

(d) Draw typical contour diagram of the followings: (2+3+4=9)

(i) Hill, (ii) Overhanging Cliff, (iii) Saddle

4. (a) Write down the purposes of aerial photogrammetry. Explain 'navigation in correct

course', 'drift' and 'crab' in case of photog ram metry. (5+9=14)

(b) Describe the principle of terrestrial photogrammetry. List the factors to be considered '

in selecting camera stations during the reconnaissance of terrestrial photogrammetry. (3+5%=8%)

(c) Lisuhe characteristics of contour. Compare bet)Veen 'Grid Method' and 'Tacheometric
• (5+4=9)
Method' of contouring.
(d) The following readings were taken in a tacheometric survey with an anallactic

telescope. The 'staff was held vertically at all times. (15)

Instrument station Staff Station Whole Circle Bearing Vertical angle Stadia Readings
A 320 0 3.3,4.02,4.74
P B 120 20 3.2,4.7,6.2
.
C 1020 -50 2.3,4.8, 7.3
Given: R.L. of A = 20 ft
RL. ofB = 30 ft
Determine the followings :
(i) Tacheometric constants
(ii) R.L. of C
(iii) Horizontal distance BC

Contd P/3
.'
~

=3=

CE 103
SECTION-B
There are FOUR questions in this Section. Answer any THREE.

5. (a) On a proposed highway two straight roads intersect at chainage 900 m with a total
deflection angle of 40°. Design speed is 90 km/h. Design the alignment of highway, so
that only circular curve will be used and, radius of curvature of circular curve is 900 m.
Calculate apex distance, chainage of point of curve and point of tangent and total length
of curve. Given that road width is 12 m, maximum rate of super-elevation is 0.06 and
maximum side friction coefficient is 0.12. Check the safety of vehicle at zero speed and

at speed 150 km/h. Check the safety of vehicle at 150 km/h if e = O. (26%)
(b) Write down names of some modern tools for surveying. Explain some uses of remote

sensing and GIS in surveying. (10)

(c) What are the elements ofGPS? Describe function of each element ofGPS. (10)

6. (a) An equal tangent sag vertical curve has initial and final slope of 1/10. The, rate of
vertical curvature is 45. Chainage and elevation of PVI is 1500 m and +30.000 m
respectively. Calculate the elevations at chainage 1100 m, 1300 m, 1400 m, 1600 m,

1700 m and 2000 m. (26%)

(b) Explain the basic principle of plane table survey. What are instruments used in plane

table survey. (10)

(c) Why is transition curve necessary between a straight road and circular curved road? (10)

7. (a) A tower is located on a hilltop at T. Angular readings are taken with a theodolite from
two in~trument station A and B, which are 40 m apart. Given that the following data,
determine the R.L. of hilltop at T and the tower height. Height of instrument at A = 10m.
Vertical angle readings from A to the top arid bottom of the tower at T is 35° and 28°

(upward) respectively. Whole circle bearing of line AT, AB and BT is 25°, 1100and 5°

respectively. (18)
(b) Determine the volume, of earthwork for a 100 m long embankment with two level
cross-section shown in Figure 1. Use trapezoidal rule first and then apply prismoidal

correction. The center line data is given below: (18)

Chainage (m) 0 50 100

Ground level (m) 8.4 9.1 8.2
Formation level (m) 12.0 12.0 12.0.

-'
Coutd P/4
 =4=

CE 103
Contd ••• Q. NO.7 (b)

1
1
~
20m
.
5
~ l\o)
Figure 1: Cross..,section of embankment [Question no.)l{b)]

(c) What do you mean by curvature correction for volume computation? How would you
apply curvature correction for curved embankment with two end cross-section with areas

AI and A2 at a distance L apart (along centerline). (10%)

8. (a) Distinguish between (i) Azimuth and whole circle bearing and (iii) Hour Angle and

Right Ascension. (16)

(b) Explain why it is so hot in the month of June in Dhaka (900E, 23.5°N). Draw diagram

in support of your explanation. (8%)

(c) The altitude of the lower limb of the sun near Dhaka (900E, 23.5°N) is measured to be

68°14'. The Nautical Almanac gives the following information. (i) Apply necessary
astronomical correction and determine the corrected altitude. (ii) Determine the Azimuth

of the sun. (22)

Given that:
declination of sun = 2°4'30"N increasing at a rate of 1'/hr, semi-diameter of sun = 16',

horizontal parallax of sun = 8.8" and casa = easb ease + sinb sine easA

.•.

r,
y."/-
L-1/T-2/CE Date: 30/01/2012
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA
L-1/T-2 B. Sc. Engineering Examinations 2010-2011

- Sub: CE 103 (Surveying)

Full Marks: 280 Time: 3 Hours
The figures in the margin indicate full marks.
USE SEP ARA TE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION

SECTION -A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.

1. (a) Describe the principle of chain surveying. Write down the procedure of running

survey lines in case of chain surveying. (3+4=7)

(b) Describe a suitable method 'to errect a perpendicular to a chain line from a point on it'. (5)
(c) List the uses of the following instruments: (3x2=6)
(i) ranging rod; (ii) offset rod
(d) Write down the differences between cumulative error and compensating error in case
of chain survey. The road from a place to another place is actually 25,325 ft long. This
distance was measured by an Engineer's defective chain and was found to be 25,270 ft.

How much correction does the chain need? (4+4=8)

(e) List the uses of tach eome try. The following observations were taken in a tacheometric

survey using an anallactic tacheometer. The staff was held vertical at all times. (4+ 16 % =20 % )
Instrument Staff Station Whole Circle Vertical Angle Stadia Reading
Station Bearing (ft)
X 35° 0 2.3, 2.55, 2.8
P Q 20° _2° 2.6,3.75,4.9

R 50° 1° 1.35,3.8,6.25

Given, PX = 50 ft, RL of X = 20 ft
Determine: (i) RL of Q and (ii) horizontal distance QR.

2. (a) List the points on which traverse surveying differs from chain surveying. Suppose you
are asked to conduct a traverse survey for a canal. Which type of traversing will you

prefer and why? (4+2=6)

(b) Compare between magnetic bearing and arbitrary bearing. List the applications of a

theodolite in surveying. (3+3=6)

(c) What is local attraction? Describe a method for eliminating local attraction. The
magnetic bearing of a line AB is S 30° 30' W. Calculate the true bearing if the declination

is 6° 30' East. (3+4+5=12)

Contd P12 ',:

If
,,:f'I'!"'-~

(
\,
\,
 =2=

CE 103
Contd ... Q. No.2

(d) Describe the checks that can be applied in an open traverse. A closed traverse was
conducted around an obstacle. The lengths of the lines AB and CD are omitted. The
lengths and bearings of the traverse are shown below: (6+16% =22%)
Side Length (m) Bearing
AB --- N 33° 45' E
BC 300 N 86° 23' E
CD --- S 10° 37' E
DE 450 243° 54'
EA 268 N 42° 30' W

Assume that there is no closing error. Sketch the traverse and calculate the followings:
(i) Latitude and departure of each line
(ii) Length of AB and CD

3. (a) What is levelling? Compare between 'indirect levelling' and 'direct levelling'. (2+4=6)
(b) Differentiate between 'fly levelling' and 'reciprocal levelling'. (6)
(c) List the characteristics of contours. Draw typical contour diagram of the followings: ( 4+3x3=13)
(i) a hill
(ii) ridge I
,I
l
(iii) steep slope and gentle slope j
(d) The following data are taken from a level book in which some of the readings were
found to be missing. Calculate the missing data (indicated by '7') and reduced level of all
stations. Apply usual checks and draw necessary diagrams. (21%)
Station Staff reading (ft) Rise Fall R.L. Remarks
Back Inter Fore (ft) (ft)
A 1.5
B 2.1
C 3.3 1.3 T.P.
D ? 10.5 B.M.
E 4.4 5.9 0.4 T.P.
F ? 3.3 T.P.
G 3.3 0.2

Note, R.L. = Reduced level, T.P. = Turning point/Change point

B.M. = Bench mark
Contd P/3

" I
 =3=

CE 103

4. (a) (i) Describe the features of a field book for chain survey. (4)
(ii) List the methods of contouring. (5)
(iii) Describe with sketch how to overcome the difficulties in levelling ponds and lakes

too wide to be sighted across.

(b) Write down the purposes of photogrammetry. List the factors to be considered in
selecting camera stations and base line during the reconnaissance of terre~trial

photogrammetry. (3+5=8)
(c) Define: (i) Vertical photograph; (ii) Tilted photograph; (iii) Oblique photograph. (2x3=6)
(d) The following figure shows the photographs taken in a terrestrial photogrammetry
with the camera axis horizontal from stations A and B. Camera axis at point A makes an
angle of 320 with the base line AB, while the camera axis produce an angle of 210 with
AB at a point B. Distance between A and B is 120 m and focal length of the camera is
300mm.
Calculate (i) horizontal distance of point P form stations A and B, (ii) RL of point P, if
RL of the camera axis at station A is 10m. (16)
-----------------,---------~_._-------

+
-_ .._-,---_.-~ ..,;.._.,~.._'.- ---_._-_ .._--_._~'"---~_ ..--, ..*---'_ .._-_ ...••.•.__ .< •• _------~:

f1 ._.___ e J_._.__._ . .." __ ._ _ _ _ .._ _._ _ _

..~!~~+-..
...--~.--..__--.- .__ -_+__.__._.. '=p0r;~-",
..-----.~-.-... -e_ ...

...
- -..-- ---- -- ---------,- ..- ..- -.------ :- - --- -- -.- I f - -- -~--.---
..
....... _- ,-_ --- -- - - - -.- ...J -.-- - -.-- _ _ ..- ..- -- _._ _ ....:.. -: - .. , , - [ ----.-.-- -
I .
,

.._.. .Eh~_~}y ..~- ..5~'!t~.fr_:..--- -.._ .._-- _.. ~~h~$.t~j?ffi.f~- - -..-"

SECTION -B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE.
Assume reasonable value of missing data, only if necessary.

5. (a) Determine the volume of earthwork for a 100 m long embankment having two-level
section, using the following data, along centre-line:.. (18)
Chainage (m) Ground Level (m) Formation level (m)
0 28.0 30.0
50 28.5 30.0
100 27.0 30.0

Contd P/4
 =-4=

CE 103
Contd ... Q. No. 5(a)

Formation level width = 10m, Side slope = 1V : 2H

Ground surface slope = 1V : 5H

. r2bh + s (0.5b)2 + r2sh2

Area for two-level sectIOn = 2 2
r -s

where, symbols bear their usual meaning.

(b) Two towers are located at points A and B. Readings are taken with a theodolite from

two instrument stations X and Y, 30 m apart. Plan view is given in Fig. 1. (16%)

~
N

,t
I ' ..( ..
PL-AN VI£~J
~..-
Given the following data, determine the RL. (elevation) of the top ofthe"towers at A and B.
Line XA XB XY YA YB
Whole Circle Bearing 45° 60° 90° 25° 48°

RL. of instrument centre at X = 20 m. The vertical angle readings from X to the top of
the towers at A and Bare 22° and 30° respectively.
(c) The contour diagram of the bottom of a circular pond is given in Fig. 2. All contours

are also circular. Determine the volume of water, the pond can hold. (12)
~---' --~

_~_,\_,_'~___2- c_o_n_to_u_r _D_ia_g_ra-cm_C_P_la_n_--.:...Vi,e_w_) ~---J

Contd PIS
 =5=

CE 103

6. (a) Define diurnal circle. Draw typical diurnal circles of a star with respect to the horizon

as observed in the poles and at the equator. (9)

(b) Write short notes with figure on the following: (6x2=12)

(i) Standard time in Bangladesh and in India.
(ii) Right Ascension of sun and its variation.
(c) At a place (longitudinal = 30° E, latitude = 50° N) at 3 PM, the observed altitude of

the lower edge of sun is 26°40'. The nautical almanac gives the declination of the sun as

4°58' N at G.M.N. increasing at a rate of2'/hour. (25%)

(i) Apply all necessary astronomical corrections to the altitude.
(ii) Determine the azimuth of sun.
(iii) State the importance of measuring azimuth.
Given: Horizontal parallax of sun = 8.8", Semi-diameter of sun = 16'-0"

cosa - cos bcosc

Also useful formula cos A = ------
sin bsinc

7. (a) Derive the relation among rate of superelevation, side friction and radius of curvature, (15)

v2
e+f=-
gR

where symbols bear their usual meaning.

(b) Describe the procedure of setting out the transition curve. (16%)

(c) Explain the use ofGPS, GIS and remote sensing in car navigation system. (15)

8. (a) Define superelevation. Explain the necessity of transition curve in road alignment. (11 %)
(b) Derive the equation for length of transition curve L = V3/RC; symbols bear their usual

meamng. (10)
(c) A sag vertical curve is to be designed with following data: (25)
R.L. ofPVI = + 8.250 m
Chainage ofPVI = 1500 m
Initial grade = - 8%
Final grade = - 4%
Length of curve = 60 m
Determine the elevation of road at chainage 1460 m, 1470 m, 1500 m, 1530 m and 1550 m.