Page 1 of 3 CPP - SANKALP_HT–4&5-PH-III

CPP
HEAT&THERMODYNAMICS - SHEET: (4 & 5)
LEVEL - I
1. At room temperature  270 C  the rms speed of the molecules of a certain diatomic gas is found to be
1920 m/s. Name the gas.
2. The velocities of three molecules are 3v, 4v and 5v respectively. Find their rms speed.
3. An insulated container containing monoatomic gas of molar mass M is moving with velocity v0. If
the container is suddenly stopped, find the change in temperature.
4. At what temperature is the root mean square velocity of hydrogen equal to its escape velocity from
the surface of the moon? Radius of moon  1.74  106 m and acceleration due to gravity at moon’s
surface  1.67ms2 . (take k= 1.38  1023 J / K )
5. Estimate the average thermal energy of a helium atom at (i) room temperature (27 °C), (ii) the
temperature on the surface of the Sun (6000 K), (iii) the temperature of 10 million kelvin (the typical
core temperature in the case of a star).
6. The average kinetic energy of a gas molecule at 27C is 6.21 1021 J. Find the average kinetic
energy at 2270 C .
7. In case of hydrogen and oxygen at N.T.P., which of the following quantities is/are the same?
(A) average momentum per molecule (B) average kinetic energy per molecule
(C) kinetic energy per unit volume (D) kinetic energy per unit mass
8. For any monoatomic gas the quantity/quantities independent of the nature of the gas at the same
temperature is/are
(A) the number of molecules in one mole (B) the number of molecules in equal volume
(C) the translational kinetic energy of one mole (D) the kinetic energy of unit mass
LEVEL - II
A B
1. Same number of mole of an ideal gas is enclosed in two identical thermally
insulated chambers A and B shown in the figure. Temperature of gas in
each chamber is T where as walls of A and B are at temperatures TA and TB TA TB
respectively. If gas in the chamber A exerts more pressure on the wall than
the pressure by the gas in the chamber B, then
(A) TA < TB (B) TA > TB
(C) TA = TB (D) Can’t say
2. The average translational kinetic energy and the rms speed of molecules in a sample of oxygen at
300K are 6.21 x 10-21J and 484 m/s respectively. Find the corresponding (approximate) values at
600K. (assuming ideal gas behavior).
3. A container of volume 0.02 m3 contains a mixture of neon and argon gases at a temperature of
27C and pressure of 1  105 N/m2. The total mass of the mixture is 28 g. If the molecular weights of
neon and argon are 20 and 40 respectively, determine the masses of the individual gases in the
mixture, assuming them to be ideal. (R = 8.314 J/mole K)
4. We have two vessels of equal volume, one filled with hydrogen and the other with an equal mass of
Helium. The common temperature is 27oC.
(a) What is the relative number of molecules in the two vessels?
(b) If pressure of Hydrogen is 2 atm, what is the pressure of Helium?
(c) If the temperature of Helium is kept at 27o C and that of hydrogen is changed, at what
temperature will its pressure become equal to that of helium? The molecular weights of
hydrogen and helium are 2 and 4 respectively.

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Page 2 of 3 CPP - SANKALP_HT–4&5-PH-III
5. Helium is contained in a closed vessel with a volume of 2 liters at a temperature of 20 oC and a
pressure of 105 N/m2.
(a) What amount of heat should be imparted to the helium to increase its temperature by 100 oC?
(b) What will the mean square velocity of its molecules be at the new temperature?
(c) What will the pressure be ?
(d) What will the density of the helium be?
6. Let v, vrms and vp respectively denote the mean speed, root mean square speed, and most probable
speed of the molecules in an ideal monatomic gas at absolute temperature T. The mass of a
molecule is m. Then
(A) no molecule can have a speed greater than 2 vrms
(B) no molecule can have speed less than vp/ 2
(C) vp > v < vrms
3
(D) the average kinetic energy of a molecule is mv p2
4
PARAGRAPH -I
0
At certain pressure and 127 C temperature the mean kinetic energy of hydrogen molecules is
8  10-21 J. (Mass of hydrogen atom = 1.7  10-27 kg & atomic weight of nitrogen = 14). Then
7. Root mean square speed of hydrogen molecule at 27C is
(A) 0.88  104 m/sec (B) 1.88  104 m/sec.
(C) 1.88  103 m/sec. (D) 2.88  103 m/sec
8. The rms speed of nitrogen molecules at 270C is
(A) 5.02  102 m/sec. (B) 5.02  104 m/sec.
(C) 2.51  10 m/sec.
2
(D) 2.51  103 m/sec.
9. When a gas is enclosed in a container at high pressure and a low temperature, then the
(A) molecular collisions are perfectly elastic
(B) absolute temperature of the gas is a measure of mean kinetic energy of molecular translation
(C) molecules do not exert interaction forces on each other
(D) molecules still continue to be in random migratory motion
CPP
HEAT&THERMODYNAMICS - SHEET: 5&6
ANSWERS
LEVEL - I
1. H2
50
2. v
3
3. Applying COE
1 m3
mv 02  nC v T = RT
2 M2
Mv 02
 T =
3R
3kT
4. rms  and the escape velocity is given by  e  2gR
m
If rms   e ,
 2  103 
 23 
 1.67  1.74  106
3kT 2mgR 2  6.02  10 
 2gR  T    = 466K
m 3k 3 1.38  10 23
5. (i) 6.21 1021 J
(ii) 1.24  1019 J
(iii) 2.07  1015 J
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Page 3 of 3 CPP - SANKALP_HT–4&5-PH-III
6. 10.35  1021 J
7. B, C
8. A, C
consider the properties of one mole of any gas at a given temperature.
LEVEL - II
1. B
2. 12.42 x 10-21J, 684 m/s
3
KE  KT ,
2
3RT
rms 
M
KE2 T
i.e.  2 2
KE1 T1
-21
 KE2  2KE1  2 x 6.21 x 1021 = 12.42 x 10 J
Vrms,2 T2
  2
Vrms,1 T1
 Vrms,2  2 x Vrms,1 = 684 m/s.
3. Let m1 and m2 be the masses of neon and argon respectively. Then, (m1 +m2) = 28. the number of
moles of the two gases are (m1/M1) and (m2/M2) where M1 and M2 are the corresponding molecular
weights. Using PV = nRT where n represents the total number of moles, we get m1 = 4g and m2 =
24 mg.
4. (a) The masses of hydrogen and helium gases in the vessels are equal. This means that the
product of the number of molecules and the mass of a molecule must be same for H2 and He
gases. Since molecular masses of H2 and He are in the ratio 1 : 2, their number of molecules nH
nH 2
and nHe in the vessels must be in the reverse ratio, that is, 
nHe 1
(b) The equation of state for one mole of a gas is
pV = RT = NkT
Where N is Avogadro’s number (no. of molecules in one mole) and k is Boltzmann’s constant. If
a gas has n molecules, the equation of state will be
pV = nkT
For a given volume and a given temperature, we have
p  n.
Since H2 and He have the same volume and the same temperature (27oC), we have
pH n 2
 H 
pHe nHe 1
Here, pH = 2 atm.
 pHe = 1 atm.
(c) Again, we have
pV = nkT
H2 and He have equal volumes. Since pressures are equal, we must have
nHTH = nHeTHe
THe n
or  H 2
TH nHe
Here, THe = 27 + 273 = 300 K
1
TH = THe = 150 K
2
5. (a) 819.1 J (b) 1525 m/s (c) 1.27  105 N/m2 (d) 0.164 Kg/m3
6. D
7. C 8. A
9. A, D
Theoretical question

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