Logic Gates & Circuits
Professor Dr. Md. Ismail Jabiullah
Department of CSE
Daffodil International University
Logic Gates
Logic gates are electronic circuits that operate on one
or more input signals to produce standard output
signal
Are the building blocks of all the circuits in a computer
Some of the most basic and useful logic gates are -
AND,
OR,
NOT,
NAND and
NOR gate
AND Gate
Physical realization of logical multiplication (AND) operation
Generates an output signal of 1 only if all input signals are also 1
AND Gate (Block Diagram Symbol and Truth Table)
OR Gate
Physical realization of
logical addition (OR)
operation
Generates an output
signal of 1 if at least one of
the input signals is also 1
OR Gate (Block Diagram
Symbol and Truth Table)
NOT Gate
Physical realization of
complementation
operation
Generates an output
signal, which is the
reverse of the input
signal
NAND Gate
Complemented AND gate
Generates an output signal of:
① 1 if any one of the inputs is a 0
② 0 when all the inputs are 1
NOR Gate
Complemented OR gate
Generates an output signal of:
① 1 only when all inputs are 0
② 0 if any one of inputs is a 1
Logic Circuits
When logic gates are interconnected to form a
gating / logic network, it is known as a combinational
logic circuit
The Boolean algebra expression for a given logic
circuit can be derived by systematically progressing
from input to output on the gates
The three logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are
logically complete because any Boolean expression
can be realized as a logic circuit using only these
three gates
Finding Boolean Expression of a
Logic Circuit (Example 1)
Finding Boolean Expression of a
Logic Circuit (Example 2)
Constructing a Logic Circuit from
a Boolean Expression (Example 1)
Constructing a Logic Circuit from
a Boolean Expression (Example 2)
Universal NAND Gate
NAND gate is an universal gate, it is alone
sufficient to implement any Boolean
expression
To understand this, consider:
Basic logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are logically
complete
Sufficient to show that AND, OR, and NOT gates
can be implemented with NAND gates
Implementation of NOT, AND and
OR Gates by NAND Gates
Universal NOR Gate
NOR gate is an universal gate, it is alone sufficient to
implement any Boolean expression
To understand this, consider:
Basic logic gates (AND, OR, and NOT) are logically complete
Sufficient to show that AND, OR, and NOT gates can be
implemented with NOR gates
Implementation of NOT, OR
and AND Gates by NOR Gates
