Department of school education

Virudhunagar district

தமி க

10

SOCIAL SCIENCE

BLOOOMERS MATERIAL
 Mrs.A.GNANA GOWRI. Msc,B.Ed.Mphil,
Chief Educational officer,
Virudhunagar district

Mrs.T.Mahalakshmi,M.sc,B.Ed,Mphil, Virudhunagar
District Educational officer (Upper primary)

Mr.S.Raja ,M.sc.M.Ed,Mphil Sivakasi

District Educational officer (i/c) (Upper primary)

Mrs.S.Pandiselvi ,M.sc, M.Ed Virudhunagar

District Educational officer (Private schools)

Co-Ordinator,

Mrs.M.Nagajothi,M.A,B.Ed,Mphil
Head mistress, Government High school,
Vadamalaikurichi

Sincerely thanks to : Thiru,K.Sai kumaran & Mr.Murugan (PA to C.E.O)(H.S)

Prepared by Team

M.Palanivelu, V.Pounraj
Govt.High school, Govt.Hr.sec.school
Udayanampatti Avudayapuram

R.Shanmugapriya S.Pakiyalakshmi
Govt.High school, Govt.Highschool
Pudupatti , Naloor,
I.Mariajoseph
Govt.Hr.sec.school (B)
Pandalgudi

,
 I. Choose the correct answer
1. What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?
Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
2. Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century? Japan
3. Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism”? Lenin
4. What is the Battle of Marne remembered for? Trench warfare
5. To which country did the first Secretary General of League of Nations belong? Britain
6. Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland? Russia
7. With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy? Pope
8. With whose conquest did the Mexican civilization collapse? Hernan Cortes
9. Who made Peru as part of their dominions? Spaniards
10. Which President of the USA pursued “Good Neighbour” policy towards Latin America? Roosevelt
11.Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism? Latin America
12.When did the Japanese formally sign of their surrender? 2 September, 1945
13.Who initiated the formation of League of Nations? Woodrow Wilson
14.Where was the Japanese Navy defeated by the US Navy? Battle of Midway
15.Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb? Hiroshima
16.Who were mainly persecuted by Hitler? Jews
17.Which Prime Minister of England who signed the Munich Pact with Germany ? Chamberlain
18.When was the Charter of the UN signed? June 26, 1945
19. Which American President followed the policy of containment of Communism?. Truman
20.When was People‟s Political Consultative Conference held in China? September 1949
21.The United States and European allies formed ____ to resist any Soviet aggression in Europe. NATO
22.Who became the Chairman of the PLO‟s Executive Committee in 1969? Yasser Arafat
23.When was North and South Vietnam united? 1976
24.When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved? 1991
25. In which year was Sati abolished? 1829
26.What was the name of the Samaj founded by Dayanand Saraswati? Arya Samaj
27.Whose campaign and work led to the enactment of Widow Remarriage Reform Act of 1856?
Iswarchandra Vidyasagar
28.Whose voice was Rast Goftar? Parsi Movement
29.Who was the founder of Namdhari Movement? Baba Ramsingh
30.Who was the founder of Widow Remarriage Association? M.G. Ranade
31.Who was the author of the book Satyarthaprakash ? Dayananda Saraswathi
32.Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the East India Company‟s policy of territorial aggrandizement?
Puli Thevar
33.Who had established close relationship with the three agents of Chanda Sahib? Puli Thevar
34.Where was Sivasubramanianar executed? Nagalapuram
35.Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of Independence? Marudhu brothers
36.When did the Vellore Revolt breakout? 10 July 1806
37.Who was the Commander-in-Chief responsible for the new military regulations in Vellore fort?
Sir John Cradock
38.Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore Revolt? Calcutta
39.Which one of the following was launched by Haji Shariatullah in 1818 in East Bengal?
Farazi Movement
40.Who declared that “Land belongs to God” and collecting rent or tax on it was against divine law?
Dudu Mian
41.Who were driven out of their homeland during the process of creation of Zamins under Permanent
Settlement? Santhals
42. Find out the militant nationalist from the following. Bipin Chandra pal
43.When did the Partition of Bengal come into effect? 16 October 1905
44.What was the context in which the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act was passed? Munda Rebellion
45.Who set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916? Tilak
46.Who drew the attention of the British to the suffering of Indigo cultivation through his play Nil darpan?
Dina Bandhu Mitra
47.Who was arrested during the anti-Rowlatt protests in Amritsar? Saifuddin Kitchlew
48.In which session of the Indian National Congress was Non-Cooperation approved? Nagpur
49.Which among the following was declared as „Independence Day‟? 26th January 1930
50.When was the first Forest Act enacted? 1865
51.On 8 January 1933 which day was observed ______ Temple Entry Day
52.Which Act introduced Provincial Autonomy? Government of India Act, 1935
53.Who was the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha? P. Rangaiah
54.Where was the third session of the Indian National Congress held? Thousand Lights
55.Who said “Better bullock carts and freedom than a train de luxe with subjection”? Annie Besant
56. Who set up the satyagraha camp in Udyavanam near Madras? T. Prakasam
57.Where was the anti-Hindi Conference held? Salem
58.________ established a full-fledged printing press in 1709, at Tranquebar. Ziegenbalg
59._______ founded Adi Dravida Mahajana Sabha in 1893.
60.India‟s first organised trade union, the Madras Labour Union was formed in _____ . 1918
61._______ was established by the Justice Party Government for the selection of Government officials.
Staff Selection Board
62.______ was the first elected Legislative Council Member from the depressed class in Madras Province.
M. C. Rajah
www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
63.The north-south extent of India is 3,214 km
64.________ River is known as „Sorrow of Bihar‟. Kosi
65.A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as _________. Peninsula
66.The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from _______ Sri Lanka
67.The highest peak in South India is Anaimudi
68.____________ Plains are formed by the older alluviums. Bhangar
69.ulicat Lake is located between the states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
70.Western disturbances cause rainfall in _________. Punjab
71.________ helps in quick ripening of mangoes along the coast of Kerala and Karnataka. Mango showers
72.________ is a line joining the places of equal rainfall. Isohyets
73.Climate of India is labelled as _________. Tropical Monsoon Climate
74.The monsoon forests are otherwise called as _________. Deciduous forest
75.Sesahachalam hills, a Biosphere reserve is situated in _________. Andhra Pradesh
76.________ is a part of the world network biosphere reserves of UNESCO Kachch
77.The soil which is rich in iron oxides is __________ Red
78.Which of the following organization has divided the Indian soils into 8 major groups?
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
79.The soils formed by the rivers are: Alluvial soils
80.________ dam is the highest gravity dam in India. Bhakra Nangal dam
81._________ is a cash crop. Cotton
82.Black soils are also called as: Regur soils
83.The longest dam in the world is ___________. Hirakud dam
84.Which crop is called as “Golden Fibre” in India? Jute
85.Manganese is used in______. Steel Making
86.The Anthracite coal has ___________. 80 to 95% Carbon
87.The most important constituents of petroleum are hydrogen and Carbo
88.The city which is called as the Manchester of South India is Coimbatore
89.The first Nuclear Power station was commissioned in Maharashtra
90.The most abundant source of energy is Sun
91.The famous Sindri Fertilizer Plant is located in Jharkhand
92. The nucleus for the development of the chotanagpur plateau region is Mineral Deposits
93.The scientific study of different aspects of population is called Demography
94.______ transport provides door to door services. Roadways
95.The length of Golden Quadrilateral superhighways in India is 5846 km
96.The National Remote sensing Centre(NRSC) is located at Hyderabad
97.The transport useful in the inaccessible areas is Airways
98.Which of the following is associated with helicopter service? Pavan Hans
99.The major import item of India is Petroleum
100.The latitudinal extent of Tamil Nadu is 8°5′N to 13°35′N
101.the longitudinal extent of Tamil Nadu is 76°18′ E to 80°20′E
102.The highest peak in Tamil Nadu is Doddabetta
103.Which of the following passes is not located in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu? Bhorghat
104.Which one of the following rivers is flow into the Arabian Sea? Periyar
105.The district with largest mangrove forest cover in Tamil Nadu is Cuddalore
106. Retreating monsoon wind picks up moisture from Bay of Bengal
107.Which of the following district is affected by sand dunes to a large extent? Theni
108.The district which has the largest forest cover in Tamil Nadu is Dharmapuri
109. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is Cauvery delta
110.Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is Millets
111.A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is Mettur
112. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are 3 and 15
113. Which of the following sequences in right regarding the Preamble?
Sovereign, nsocialist, secular, democratic, republic
114. How many times has the Preamble to the Constitution of India amended? Once
115.A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship through Naturalisation
116. One of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?
Parents property is inherited by their children
117. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul
of the Constitution? Right to Constitutional remedies
118.How can the Fundamental Rights be suspended?
If the President orders it during the national emergency
119.We borrowed the Fundamental Duties from the Russian Constitution
120.Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed? Article 360
121.The Constitutional Head of the Union is The President
122.ho among the following decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not?
Speaker of Lok Sabha
123. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the: Lok Sabha
124.What is minimum age laid down for a candidate to seek election to the Lok Sabha? 25 years
125. The authority to alter the boundaries of state in India rest with? Parliament
126. Under which Article the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial Emergency
Article 360
127. The Chief Justice and other Judges of the Supreme court are appointed by: The President
128. The Governor of the State is appointed by the President
129. Which among the following is not one of the powers of the Governor? Diplomatic
130.Who can nominate one representative of the Anglo-Indian Community to the State Legislative
Assembly? The Governor
131. The Governor does not appoint Judges of the High Court
132. The State Council of Ministers is headed by The Chief Minster
133.The minimum age for the membership of the Legislative Council is 30 years
134.Which one of the following States does not possess a bicameral legislature? Tamil Nadu
135.The High Courts in India were first started at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras
136. Which of the following States have a common High Court? Punjab and Haryana
137.Which Minister plays a vital role in molding foreign policy of our country?
External Affairs Minister
138. The Panchaseel treaty has been signed between ____ India and China
139. Which article of Indian constitution directs to adopt foreign policy? Article 51
140. Apartheid is ______ A policy of racial discrimination
141. The Agreement signed by India and China in 1954 related to
The Five Principles of Co - existence
142. Which is not related to our foreign policy ? Colonialism
143.Which of the following country is not the founder member of NAM? Pakistan
144.Non-Alliance means freedom to decide on issues independently
145. Mc Mahon Line is a border between India and China
146. OPEC is An Organisation of Oil Exporting Countries
147. With which country does India share its longest land border? Bangladesh
148. How many countries share its border with India? 7
149.Which two island countries are India‟s neighbours? Sri Lanka and Maldieves
150.Which Indian state is surrounded by three countries? Sikkim
151. How many Indian states have their boundary with Nepal? Five
152.Who drew up the borders for independent Pakistan? Sir Cyril Radcliffe
153.GNP equals GDP plus net property income from abroad
154.National Income is a measure of Total value of goods and services
155. Primary sector consist of Agriculture
156._____ approach is the value added by each intermediate good is summed to estimate the value
of the final good. Value added approach
157. which one sector is highest employment in the GDP. Service sector
158.Gross value added at current prices for services sector is estimated at ______ lakh crore in 2018-19.
92.26
159. India is ______ larger producer in agricultural product. 2nd
160. India‟s life expectancy at birth is ______ years. 65
161. Which one is a trade policy?. import and export policy
162.Indian economy is Developing Economy
163. Who is the head of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Director General
164. Colonial advent in India Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danish, French
165.GATT‟s first round held in Geneva
166. India signed the Dunket proposal in 1994
167. who granted the English “golden Fireman” in 1632 Sultan of Golconda
168. Foreign Investment policy (FIP) announced in July- Aug-1991
169.. Indian government was introduced ___________ in 1991 New Economic Policy
170.__________ of food is physical availability of food stocks in desired quantities, which is a function
of domestic production, changes in stocks and imports. Availability of food
171. Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice, procured by the government through
the ___________ FCI
172.________ extended assistance through its Public Law 480. United States of America
173. _________ revolution was born in India paving way for self sufficiency in food grain production.
Green Revolution
174.______ is the only state in India to adopt universal PDS. Tamil Nadu
175. _______ is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. Nutrition
176. The three levels of governments in India are Union, state and local
177. The most common and important tax levied on an individual in India is Income tax
178. Under which tax one nation, one uniform tax is ensured Goods and service tax
179. Income tax was introduced in india for the first time in the year __________ . 1860
180.________ tax is charged on the benefits derived from property ownership. Wealth tax
181.„The Detroit of Asia‟ is ___________ Chennai
182. Pumpsets and motors are produced mostly in Coimbatore
183.___________ are an essential aspect of a nation‟s development. industry
184.Tiruppur is known for Knitwear
185. A successful industrial cluster entirely created by the Tamil Nadu is Hosur
 II. Fill in the blanks
1. Japan forced a war on China in the year 1894
2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of London signed in May 1913.
3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year 1902.
4. In the Balkans Macedonia had mixed population.
5. In the battle of Tannenberg Russia suffered heavy losses.
6. Clemenceau as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.
7. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year 1925.
8. The founder of the Social Democratic Party was Ferdinand Lassalle.
9. The Nazi Party‟s propaganda was led by Josef Goebbels
10. The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in 1927.
11. The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as The Gestape.
12. The Union of South Africa came into being in May 1910.
13. The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for 27 years
14. Boers were also known as Afrikaners.
15. Hitler attacked which Rhineland was a demilitarised zone.
16. The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is known as Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis.
17. President Roosevelt started the Lend Lease programme.
18. Britain Prime Minister Chamberlain resigned in 1940.
19. Radar is a device used to find out the enemy aircraft from a distance
20. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen was known as the “Father of modern China”.
21. In 1918, the society for the study of Marxism was formed in Peking University.
22. After the death of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the leader of the Kuomintang party was Chiang Kai-Shek.
23. The Central Treaty Organization treaty is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security
in the region. www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
24. The treaty of Versailles provided for mandates in Turkish -Arab Empire.
25. Germany joined the NATO in 1955.
26. Strasbourg was the Headquarters of the Council of Europe.
27. The Maastricht treaty signed on February 7, 1992 created the European Union.
28. Vallalar (Ramalinga Adigal) founded the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam.
29. The founder of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was M.G. Ranade.
30. Gulumgir was written by Jyotiba Phule.
31. Ramakrishna Mission was established by Vivekananda
32. Singh Sabha was the forerunner of Akali Movement.
33. Oru paisa Tamilan was started by Iyothee Thassar
34. The Palayakkarars system was put in place in Tamil Nadu by Viswanatha Nayaka.
35. Velunachiyar and her daughter were under the protection of Gopala Nayaker for eight years.
36. Bennerman deputed Ramalinganar to convey his message, asking Kattabomman to surrender.
37. Kattabomman was hanged to death at Kayathar
38. The Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers was categorized in the British records as the
Second Palayakkarar War.
39. Fatch Hyder was declared the new Sultan by the rebels in Vellore Fort.
40. Wahhabi rebellion was an anti–imperial and anti-landlord movement which originated in and around
1827.
41. The major tribal revolt which took place in Chotanagpur region was Kol revolt.
42. The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, restricted the entry of non-tribal people into the tribal land.
43. Chota Nagpur Act was passed in the year 1908.
44. W.C. Bannerjee was elected the president of Indian National Congress in the year 1885
45. Gandhi regarded Gopala Krishna Gokhale as his political guru.
46. Khilafat Movement was led by Mohamed Ali and Shaukat Ali
47. Government of India Act 1919 introduced Dyarchy in the provinces.
48. The Civil Disobedience Movement in North West Frontier Province was led by Khan Abdul
Ghaffarkhan.
49. Ramsay Macdonald announced Communal Award which provided separate electorates to the
minorities and the depressed classes.
50. Usha Mehta established Congress Radio underground during the Quit India Movement
51. T. Muthuswami was appointed the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court.
52. Nilakanta Brahmachari started the secret society named Bharata Matha Society.
53. The Dravidian Association Hostel for non-Brahmin students was established by C. Natesanar.
54. Rajaji formed the first Congress Ministry in Madras.
55. Yakub Hasan was the founder of the Madras branch of the Muslim League.
56. Bhashyam hoisted the national flag atop Fort St. George on 26 January 1932.
57. Tamil was the first non-European language that went into print.
58. The College of Fort St. George was founded by F.W.Ellis.
59. Maraimalai Adigal is considered the father of Tamil linguistic purism.
60. Justice Party government was the first to approve participation of women in the electoral politics.
61. The name Suriyanarayana Sastri changed in Tamil as Parithimar Kalaigar
62. Abraham Pandithar gave prominence to Tamil music.
63. The first Woman Legislator in India was Muthulakshmi Ammaiyar
64. The plateau which lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts is Coimabatore plateau.
65. Solaikaradu is the highest peak in the southern most part of the Eastern Ghats.
66. The riverine Island of Srirangam is located between Kollidam and Cauvery branches of cauvery.
67. Nilgiri Tahr is the Tamil Nadu state animal
68. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes 21 % of its economy.
69. Sathanur dam is constructed across the river Thenpennai.
70. Chennai is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.
71. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called balance of trade
72. The concept of constitution first originated in the USA.
73. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly.
74. The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949.
75. Five writs are mentioned in Article 32.
76. Fundamental duties have been given to the citizen of India under Article 51A
77. Money Bill cannot be introduced in the Parliament without President‟s approval.
78. The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation and chief spokesperson of the country.
79. The Vice President is the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.
80. Attorney General has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both Houses of the
Parliament.
81. The Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court hold the office up to the age of 65 years.
82. The Supreme Court is the Guardian of the Constitution.
83. At present, the Supreme Court consists of 28 judges including the chief justice
84. Governor of the state government surrenders his resignation to President.
85. Members of the Legislative assembly (MLAs) elected by the People.
86. Governor acts as the chancellor of universities in the state.
87. The Chairman and Members of the State Public Service Commission can be rem1. India conducted
its first nuclear test at Pokhran.
88. At present our foreign policy acts as a means to generate inward investment for domestic growth
and development.
89. Diplomacy is the instrument for implementing foreign policy of a state.
90. Non alignment was India‟s policy in the face of the bipolar order of the cold war.
91. Bhutan is a small Himalayan kingdom.
92. India‟s gateway to South East Asia is Myanmar
93. Nepal is a buffer country between India and China.
94. A strip of land The Teen Bigha Corridor, belongs to India on West Bengal and Bangladesh border.
95. Bhutan is known as the Land of thunderbolt.
96. India and Sri Lanka are separated by Palk Strait
97. Our tradition and national ethos is to practice disarmament oved only by the President
98. Service is the primary sector in India.
99. GDP is the indicator of Economic health of an economy.
100. Secondary sector otherwise called as Industrial sector
101. A better economy introduce rapid development of the Capital Market.
102. WTO agreement came into force from January 1, 1995.
103. The term globalization invented by Prof. Theodore Levitt
104. Under weight is an important indicator of nutrition deficiency.
105. In the year 2013 National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
106. Consumer Cooperatives play an important role in the supply of quality goods at responsible rates
to common people
107. Tax is levied by government for the development of the state‟s economy.
108. The origin of the word „tax‟ is from the word Taxation.
109. The burden of the Direct tax cannot be shifted to others.
110. The Goods and Service Tax act came into effect on 1 July 2017.
111. The unaccounted money that is concealed from the tax administrator is called Black Money
112. Hundred of leather and tannery facilities are located around Vellore District in Tamil Nadu.
113. Special Economic Zones policy was introduced on in April 2000.
114. Entrepreneur is an innovator of new ideas and business processes
III. Answer briefly HISTORY ( Two marks)
1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?
• In the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese war little Japan defeated China and surprised the world.
• The European powers did not like the victory of Japan.
• By this annexure Japan proved that it was the strongest nation in the East Asia.
2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
• Britain • France • Russia
3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?
• Jingoism (England) • ChauvinismJFrance) • ‘ Kultur (Germany)
4. What do you know of trench warfare?
• Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from
enemy fire.
 Trenches through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and orders were delivered.
• The battle of Marne is a memorable one for Trench Warfare.
5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
• Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable role for Turkey's rebirth as a nation.
• Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.
6. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
• Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its decisions.
• The founders of this peace organization underestimated the power of nationalism.
The principles of "Collective Security" could not be applied in actual practice.
7. What was the result of Mussolini‟s march on Rome?
• Mussolini organised the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922 in the context of a
long ministerial crisis.
• Impressed by the Mussolini's march on Rome, the King invited Mussolini to form a government.
8. Point out the essence of the Berlin Colonial Conference, 1884-85.
• The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884-85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into
spheres of influence of various colonial powers.
• However the war was between the British and Boers in South Africa was in defiance of this
resolution.
9. Define “Dollar Imperialism.”
Dollar Imperialism is the term used to describe the policy of the USA in maintaining and
dominating over distant lands through economic aid.
10. Who were the three prominent dictators of the post World War I ?
• Mussolini (Italy) • Hitler (Germany) • Franco (Spain)
11. How did Hitler get the support from the people of Germany?
• By his impassioned speeches
• By promising a return to the glorious military past of Germany.
12. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident.
 • In December 1941, Japan attacked American naval installations in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii
without any warning.
• Many battleships and numerous fighter planes were destroyed.
• It brought the United States into the war as a part of the Allies.
13. What are the objectives of IMF?
• To foster global monetary cooperation • To secure financial stability
• To facilitate international, trade
• To promote high employment and sustainable economic growth
• To reduce poverty around the world
14. Write a note on Mao‟s Long March.
• By 1933 Mao had gained full control of the Chinese Communist party.
• In 1934, the Communist army of about 100,000 set out on the Long March. The march has
become legendary.Of the 100,000 who set out, only 20,000 finally arrived in northern Sheni after
crossing nearly 6,000 miles.
15. What was Marshall Plan?
• The US conceived the Marshall Plan to bring the countries in the western Europe under its
influence by helping them with US finance.
• Marshall plan sought to help the countries of Europe with American dollars to facilitate their
early recovery from the destruction caused by the Second World War.
16. Write a note on Third World Countries.
 First World - The Capitalist countries led by the US.
 Second World - The Communist countries led by the Soviet Union
 Third World - The countries outside these First World and Second World.
17. Discuss Mahadev Govind Ranade‟s contribution to social reforms.
• M.G. Ranade devoted himself to activities such as inter-caste dining, inter-caste marriage, widow
remarriage and improvement of women and depressed classes.
• He founded the Widow Marriage Association, The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and The Deccan
Education Society.
18. Write a note on reforms of Ramalinga Adigal.
o Ramalinga Adigai emphasised the bonds of responsibility and compassion between living
beings.
o He showed his compassion and mercy on all living beings including plants.
o This he called "Jeeva Karunya".
o He established the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam in 1865.
o Ramalinga also established a free feeding house for everyone irrespective of caste at Vadalur
(1867)
19. List the social evils eradicated by Brahmo Samaj.
• Sati • Child marriage • Polygamy • Subjucation of women
20. Highlight the work done by Jyotiba Phule for the welfare of the poor and the marginalized.
• Jyothiba Phule opened the first school for "untouchables" in Poona.
• He launched Satyashodak Samaj
• He opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage.
21. What were the duties of the Palayakkarars?
• The Palayakkarars had to collect revenue, administer the territory, settle disputes and
maintain law and order.
• Their police duties were known as Padikaval or Arasu kaval.
22. Identify the Palayams based on the division of east and west.
There were two blocs namely the eastern bloc and the western bloc.
• The eastern palayams - Sattur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram and Panchalamkurichi.
• The western palayams - Uthumalai, Thalavankottai, Naduvakurichi, Singampatti and
Seithur.
23. What was the significance of the Battle of Kalakadu?
• The nawab sent Mahfuzkhan to Tirunelvely with reinforced forces. He was supported by the sepoys
of the Company and Nawab. He had the support of soldiers from the Carnatic.
• But before he could station his troops near Kalakadu, 2000 soldiers from Travancore
 joined the forces of Puli Thevar.
• In the battle of Kalakadu Mahfuzkhan's troops were badly defeated.
24. What was the bone of contention between the Company and Kottabomman?
• The Company appointed its collectors to collect taxes from all the palayams.
• The collectors humiliated the palayakkarars and adopted force to collect the taxes.
This was the bone of contention between the English and Kattabomman.
25. Highlight the essence of the Tiruchirappalli Procalamation of 1801.
• Tiruchirappalli Proclamation was issued by Marudu brothers.
• It was an early call to the Indians to unite against the British cutting across region, caste,
creed and religion.
• As a result of it many palayakkarars joined together to fight to gether against the English.
26. How are the peasant uprisings in British India classified?
• Restorative rebeillions • Religious movements • Social banditry • Mass insurrection
29. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.
• Satara • Janshi • Nagpur • Sambalpur • Parts of Punjab
27. Highlight the objectives of Home Rule Movement.
• To attain self-government within the British empire by using constitutional means
• To obtain the status of dominion, apolitical position accorded later to Australia, Canada,
South Africa and New Zealand
• To use non-violent constitutional methods to achieve their goals.
28. Summarise the essence of Lucknow Pact.
• Under the Lucknow Pact, the Congress and the Muslim League agreed that there
should be self- government in India as soon as possible.
• In return, the Congress accepted the concept of separate electorate for Muslims.
29. Describe the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• Two prominent leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal were arrested.
• On 13 April 1919 a public meeting was arranged at Jallianwalabagh in Amritsar in defiance
of the Rowlatt Act.
• Dyer ordered his men to shoot the crowd without any warning.
• More than thousands were wounded and 379 were killed.
30. Why did Gandhi withdraw the Non Cooperation Movement?
• At Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh on February 5, 1922 a procession of the nationalists
was organised.
• As the police found themselves outnumbered, they shut themselves inside the police station.
• The mob burnt the police station killing 22 policemen.
• Gandhi was upset over this and withdrew the Non Co - operation movement immediately.
31. Why was Simon Commission boycotted?
• All the members of Simon Commission were English men. It did not have any Indian member.
So they boycotted the Simon Commission. www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
32. What is Poorna Swaraj?
 The Congress men were not satisfied with dominion status and they wanted Poorna Swaraj.
 Poorna Swaraj means complete independence.
33. Write a note on Bhagat Singh.
 Bhagat Singh and his comrades reorganized the HRA and renamed it as Hindustan
o Socialist Republican Association.
 Bhagat Singh and Dutt threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929.
 Bhagat Singh was arrested and sentenced to death.
34. What are the terms of the Poona Pact?
• The principle of separate electorates was abandoned. Instead, the principle of joint electorate
was accepted with reservation of seats for the depressed classes.
35. Write a note on the Tirunelveli Uprising.
• V.O.C. and Subramania Siva organised public meetings to celebrate the release of Bipin.
So they were arrested and sentenced to rigorous irnprisionment.
• The arrest of these leaders sparked riots in Tirunelvely.
• Police station, court building and municipal office were burnt.
36. List out the personalities who contributed to the revival of Tamil literature through their writings.
• Damotharanar • U.V. Swaminathar • Thiru. Vi. Kalyana Sundaram • Maraimalai Adigal
• Subramania Bharathi • S. Vaiyapuri • Bharathidasan • Parithimar Kalaignar
37. Name the newspapers published by the South Indian Liberal Foundation.
• Dravidian - Tamil • Justice - English • Andhra Prakasika- Telugu
38. Estimate Periyar as a feminist
o Periyar was critical of patriarchy.
o He condemned child marriage and devadasi system.
o He raised his voice over the plight of women.
o He emphasised women's right to divorce and property.
o He believed that property rights for women would provide them social status and protection.
GEOGRAPHY
1. Name the neighbouring countries of India.
• Pakistan • Afghanistan • China • Nepal • Bhutan • Bangladesh • Sri Lanka • Myanmar
2. Give the importance of IST.
1. The longitudinal difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is
about 30°.
2. In order to avoid these differences, Indian standard time is calculated.
3. The local time of the central meridian of India is the standard time of India.
4. India's central meridian is 82°30'E iongitude.
3. Write a short note on Deccan Plateau.
o Deccan plateau is the largest plateau in India. • It is triangular in shape.
o The area of this plateau is about 7 lakh square km.
o Its height ranges from 500 to 1000 m above sea level. • It slopes from west to east.
4. State the west following rivers of India.
• Narmada • Tapti • Mahi • Sharavati
5. Write a brief note on the island group of Lakshadweep
o The three divisions Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi were renamed as Lakshadweep in
1973.
o It covers an area of 132 sq. km. • Its capital is Kavaratti. • There is a bird sanctuary in Pitt
island.
6. List the factors affecting climate of India.
• Latitude • Altitude• Distance from the sea• Monsoon wind• Relief features• Jet streams
7. What is meant by „normal lapse rate‟?
• When the altitude increases, the temperature decreases.
• Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent.
This is called "Normal lapse rate”.
8. What are „jet streams‟?
• Jet streams are the fast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.
• The easterly jet streams cause tropical depressions both during southwest monsoon and
retreating monsoon.
9. Write a short note on „Monsoon wind‟.
• The word ’monsoon' is derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim' which means season.
• It is used to describe a system of seasonal reversal of winds along the shores of Indian
ocean especially over the Arabian sea.
• It blows from the southwest to northeast during summer and from the north east to
southwest during winter.
10. Name the four distinct seasons of India.
• Winter (Cold weather) season - (January - February).
• Pre Monsoon (Summer or hot weather) season - (March - May).
• Southwest Monsoon (Rainy) season - (June - September).
• Northeast Monsoon season - (October - December).
11. What is „burst of monsoon‟?
• Prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon, the temperature in north India reaches up to 46°C.
• The sudden approach of monsoon wind over south India with lightning and thunder is termed
 as the ’Break' or 'Burst of Monsoon',
12. Name the areas which receive heavy rainfall.
• The Western coast• Assam• South Meghalaya• Tripura• Nagaland• Arunachal Pradesh
13. State the places of mangrove forests in India.
• The delta of Ganga - Brahmaputra.
• The deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna rivers are also known for Tidal Forests
(Mongrove Forests).
14. Write any five biosphere reserves in India.
• Agasthyamalai – Kerala
• Sundarbans - West Bengal
• Great Nicobar - Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Gulf of Mannar - Tamil Nadu
• Kachch - Gujarat
15. Define soil.
• Soil is the uppermost layer of the land surface, usually composed of minerals, organic matter, living
organisms, air and water.
16. Name the types of soil found in India.
• Alluvial Soils • Red Soils • Forest and mountain soils • Saline and alkaline soils
• Black soils • Laterite soils • Arid and desert soils • Peaty and marshy soils.
17. State any two characteristics of black cotton soil.
• It consists of calcium and magnesium carbonates, high quantities of iron, aluminium, lime and
magnesia.
• It is rich in potash, lime, aluminium, calcium and magnesium. Poor in Nitrogen,
Phosphoric acid and humus.
• It has high degree of moisture retentivity.
18. Define Agriculture.
• Agriculture is the process of producing food for people, fodder for cattle, fiber and many
other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals
(livestock)
19. State the types of agriculture practices in India.
• Subsistence farming • Shifting agriculture (Slash and burn cultivation)
• Intensive farming • Dry farming • Mixed farming agriculture • Terrace farming
20. Name the seasons of agriculture in India?
• Kharif Season (June - September)
• Rabi Season (October - March)
• Zaid Season (April - June)
21. Mention the plantation crops of India.
• Tea • Coffee • Rubber • Spices
22. What do you mean by livestock?
• The word livestock literally means "animals kept on a farm".
• It refers to animals kept in a farm like goats, sheep, baffaloes and pigs.
• Livestock in an integral component of the farming system in India.
23. Define the resource and state its types.
• Any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by living
things including humans is called a Natural resource.
• Types of resources:
• Renewable resources - Solar energy and wind energy.
• Non renewable resources - Petroleum, coal.
24. What are minerals and state its type?
• Minerals are natural substances of organic or inorganic origin with
definite chemical and physical properties.
Types: • Metallic minerals - gold, copper, iron and lead are metallic minerals
• Non-metallic minerals - Mica, limestone, gypsum, coal and petroleum
25. State the uses of magnesium.
• Manganese is used for making iron and steel and serves as basic raw material for alloying.
 • Manganese is also used in the manufacturing of bleaching powder,
insecticides, paints and batteries.
26. What is natural gas?
• It is naturally occurring Hydro carbon gas mixture consisting primarily of Methane.
• It commonly includes varying amounts of other higher Alkanes.
• Sometimes it includes a small amount of Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen and Hydrogen Sulphides.
27. Name the different types of coal with their carbon content.
• Anthracite (80 - 90% carbon) • Bituminous (60 - 80% carbon)
• Lignite (40 - 60% carbon) • Peat (less than 40% carbon)
28. Mention the major areas of jute production in India.
• West Bengal - Concentrated along the Hooghly river within the radius of six kilometre of Kolkata.
• Other jute goods producing areas - Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh
and Odisha.
29. Name the important oil producing regions of India.
Western coast off shore oil fields:
• Mumbai High • Gujarat coast • Basseim oil field
Eastern coast offshore oil fields:
• Brahamputra valiey • Digbol oil fields • Nahoratlya oil fields
30. What is migration? State its types.
• Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.
Types of Migration:
• Internal migration (Within a country) • International migration (Between the countries)
31. Write any four advantages of railways.
• Railways promote national integration by bringing people together.
• Also they promote trade, tourism, education etc.
• Railways help in transporting raw materials to industries and finished goods
to markets. steady supply and reduces the transshipment losses and delays.
32. What is communication? What are its types?
• Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts and ideas.
• The two types are Personal Communication and Mass Communication.
33. Define “International trade”.
• Trade carried on between two or more countries is called 'International trade'.
It is also called as external trade or foreign trade.
34. State the merits of Roadways.
o Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long
distances.
o It is highly suitable for short distance services.
o It is comparatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain roads.
o Road transport system can establish easy contact between farms, fields, factories and
markets.
35. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu.
 Tamil Nadu is bounded by Bay of Bengai in the east, Kerala in the west, Andhra Pradesh in the
north, Karnataka in the northwest and Indian Ocean in the south.
36. What is „Teri‟?
 The sand dunes formed along the coast of Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts are
called Teri.
37. How is coastal plain formed?
Coastal plain is formed by the rivers that flow towards east and drain in the Bay of Bengal.
38. Name the major islands of Tamil Nadu.
Pamban, Hare, Krusadai, Nallathanni Theevu, Pullivasal, Srirangam, Upputanni, Island Grounds,
Kattupalli Island, Quibble Island and Vivekananda Rock Memorial are some major islands of Tamil Nadu
39. Name the tributaries of river Thamirabarani.
• Karaiyar• Servalar• Manimuthar• Gadananathi• Pachaiyar• Chittar• Ramanathi
40. Define : Disaster Risk Reduction.
Disaster Risk Reduction is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic
efforts to analyse and reduce the causal factors of disasters.
41. During cyclone, how does the Meterological department warn the fishermen?
• The Meteorological department warn the fishermen through mobile phone, radio,
TV and newspapers.
• The fishermen are warned to keep their boats and rafts tied up safely and not to venture out
in the sea.
42. Explain the cropping seasons of Tamil Nadu
 Sornavari or Chittirai pattam: Major crops are millets and cotton.
 Samba or Adipattam : Major crops are paddy and sugarcane
 Navarai : Major crops are fruits, vegetables, cucumber and watermelon
43. Why is Coimbatore called the Manchester of Tamil Nadu?
 A large number of textile industries are concentrated in and around Coimbatore region. So
Coimbatore is called the Manchester of Tamil Nadu. It is well known that Manchester, an Industrial
city in England is noted for Cotton Textile Industries.
44. Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu.
• Mettur dam • Bhavani Sagar dam • Amaravathi dam • Sathanur dam • Papanasam dam
45. What is MRTS?
• The Mass Rapid Transport System (MRTS) is a well established suburban railway
network inChennai.
• Currently it is developing a metro system which operates underground services since May 2017.
46. List out the air ports and sea ports of Tamil Nadu.
o International air ports : Chennai,Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli
o Domestic air ports : Thoothukudi,Salem
o Seaports : Chennai, Ennore , Tuticorin, Nagapattinam
Civics
1. What is a Constitution?
A constitution is the fundamental law of a country which reflects the fundamental principles
on which the government of that country is based. It is the vehicle of a Nation's progress
2. What is meant by citizenship?
The word 'Citizen' is derived from the Latin term 'Civis'. It means resident of a city or
state. Citizenship means the status of being a citizen of country.
3. List out the fundamental rights guranteed by Indian Constitution.
• Right to equality• Right against exploitation• Cultural and educational rights
• Right to freedom• Right to rellgion• Right to constitutional remedy
4. What is a Writ?
• A writ is an order or command issued by a court in writing under its seal.
• It is in the nature of a command or prohibition from performing certain acts that are
specified in the orders of the court www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
5. What are the classical languages in India?
• Tamil • Sanskrit • Telugu • Kannada • Malayalam • Odia
6. What is national emergency?
• If the President is satisfied that India's security is threatened due to war, external
aggression or armed rebellion or if there is an imminent danger or threat he declares
National Emergency.
• When the national emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression it is
known as external emergency.
• On the other hand when it is declared on the ground of armed rebellion it is known as
internal emergency.
7. List out the three heads of the relations between the Centre and the States.
• Legislative relations• Administrative relations
8. How is President of India elected?
• The President is elected by an electoral college by means of single transferable vote.
• The electoral college consists of the elected members of both the houses of Parliament and
the elected members of the State legislatures and that of the capital territory and Puducherry.
9. What are the different categories of Ministers at the Union level?
• Cabinet Ministers• Ministers of State• Deputy Ministers
10. What is the qualification of Judges of the Supreme Court?
• He must be a citizen of India.
• He should have worked as a judge of a High Court for at least 5 years (or)
• He should have worked as an advocate of High Court for at least 10 years (or)
• He is in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist.
11. Write short note: Money Bill.
• Bills which cover income and expenditure are called Money Bill.
• Money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
• If Rajya Sabha fails to pass it within 14 days, then the bill gets passed without the approval
of the Raja Sabha.
12. List out any two special powers of the Attorney General of India?
• The Attorney General of India advises the government of India upon such legal matters
which are referred to him by the President.
• He has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both the Houses of
Parliament.
Financial relations
13. What is the importance of the Governor of a state?
• The Governor is the constitutional head of the state executive.
• The administration of the state is carried on in the name of the Governor.
• The executive powers of the state are vested in the Governor.
• Each bill passed by the state legislature becomes law only with his signature.
14. What are the qualifications for the appointment of Governor?
• He should be a citizen of India.
• He must have completed 35 years of age.
• He should not be a member of Parliament or of any state legislature. If he is a member of
any of the legislature, he automatically vacates his seat on assuming the office.
• He should not hold any other profitable occupation.
15. What is the original jurisdiction of the High Court?
• The High Court has original jurisdiction only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial
and contempt of court.
• It also has original jurisdiction over cases in which the amount involved is more than Rs.
2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the Presidency Magistrates.
16. What do you understand by the “Appellate Jurisdiction” of the High Court?
• The High Courts entertain appeal in civil and criminal cases from subordinate courts as
well as on their own.
• They have no jurisdiction over tribunals of armed forces.
17. What is foreign policy?
Foreign policy can be defined as a country's policy that is conceived, designed and
formulated to safeguard and promote her national interests in her external affairs, in the
conduct of relationships with other countries, both bilaterally and multilaterally.
18. Explain India‟s nuclear policy.
• India is always for disarmament. It is against the use of nuclear weapons.
• Indian nuclear programme in 1974 and 1998 is only done for strategic purposes.
• The two themes of India's nuclear doctrine are "No first use and Credible minimum
deterrence".
• India has decided not to use nuclear power for offensive purposes and would never use
against any non-nuclear state.
19. Differentiate: Domestic policy and Foreign policy
Domestic Policy
1 Domestic policy is the nation's plan for dealing issues within its own nation.
2 It includes laws focusing on domestic affairs, social welfare, health care, education, civil
rights, economic issues and social issues.
Foreign Policy
1 Foreign policy is the nation's plan for dealing with other nations.
2 Trade, diplomacy, sanctions, defence, intelligence and global environments are the types of
foreign policy.
20. List any four guiding principles of Panchsheel?
1. Mutual non-aggression 2. Mutual non-interference
3. Equality and co-operation for mutual benefit.4. Peaceful co-existence
21. What was the reason for India to choose the path of Non-Alignment?
Both the superpowers America and Russia were trying to extend their influence over the
newly emerged nations of Asia and Africa, Nehru was opposed to the rivalry of the two
superpowers. So India chose the path of Non-alignment.
22. List out the member countries of SAARC.
1. Afghanistan2. Bangladesh3. Bhutan4. India5. Nepal6. Maldives7. Pakistan8. Sri Lanka
23. Name the architects of the Non-Aligned movement.
• Jawaharlal Nehru of India• Nasser of Egypt• Kwame Nkumarah of Ghana
• Tito Yugoslavia• Sukarno of Indonesia
24. Mention the main tools of foreign policy.
• Treatles and executive agreements • Foreign aid • Appointing ambassadors
• International trade • Armed forces
25. Highlight India and International organisation with special reference to any three
India‟s global groupings.
• India is a member of formal groupings like UNO, NAM, SAARC, IBSA, BCIM and BBIN.
IBSA:
26. Trace the reason for the formation of BRICS and write its objectives.
Reasons for the formation of BRICS:
• To be an alternative to World Bank and IMF to challenge U.S. supremacy.
• To provide self-owned and self-managed organisations to carry out developmental and
economical plans in its member nations.
Objectives of BRICS:
• To achieve regional development.
• It acts as a bridge between developed and developing countries.
• To contribute extensively to development of humanity.
• To establish a more equitable and fair world.
 Economics - Two Marks
1. Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamilnadu?
1.Midday meal program and ICDS.
2.Dr.MGR Nutrition program.
3.Tamilnadu Integrated Nutrition programs.
4.Pradhan Manthri Gramodaya yojana scheme.
2.Write a short note on Goods and Service Tax (GST)?
1.The act came into effect on 1st July 2017.
2.The Motto is One Nation-One Market-One Tax.
3.The GST is one of the indirect taxes.
3. What is progressive tax?
1. The rate of the taxation increases as the tax base increases.
2. When income increases the tax rate also increases.
3. Tax calculated by multiplying the tax base with
the tax rate.
4. What is meant by an industrial luster?
Industrial clusters are groups of firms in a defined geographic area that share common markets
technology and skill requirements.
5. What are the problems of industrialisation currently in Tamilnadu?
1. Chemicals,Textiles and Leather clusters tend to generate a lot of polluting effluents that
affect
health and agriculture lands.
2. Employment generation potential has declined.
3. Quality of employment also has suffered.
6. Write the importance of GDP?
.Study of Economic Growth 2.Study of Public Sector
3. Guide to economic planning
4. Estimate the purchasing power.
7. Name the sectors contribute to the GDP with examples?
1. Primary sector (Agricultural sector)-
Agriculture, Fishing,Mining
2. Secondary sector (Industrial sector)-
Iron,Cement and Paper industries.
3. Tertiary(Service Sector)-
Postal, Teaching, Banking.
8. Define National Income?
Measure of the total value of goods and services
produced over a period of time and a year.
9. What is per Capita Income?
1. It shows the living standard of people in a nation
2. Per Capita Income=National Income/Population
10. What is Globalization and its types?
1. Integration of a country with the world economy
2. Types - 1. Archaic, 2.Proto, 3.Modern
11. What are the effects of Green Revolution?
1. Increased food grain Production (Rice and Wheat).
2. Self-Sufficient in food grain production.
12. What are the basic components of food and nutrition security?
1. Availablility of food
2. Access to food
3. Absorption of food
13. What is meant by Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
GDP is the total value of output of goods and services produced the factors of production
within the geographical boundaries of the country.
14. Define the Value Added Approach with example?
 Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods.
Example: Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea.
15. Define tax and the types of taxes?
1. Taxes are compulsory payments to the government without Expectations of direct return
or benefit to the tax payer.
2. Types. Direct Tax - Income Tax,Corporate tax,Wealth tax.
Indirect Tax -Stamp duty,Excise duty, Entertainment tax.
16.What is Corporate Tax?
1. This tax is levied on companies that exist as separate entities from their shareholders.
2. It is charged on royalties,interests gains from sale of capital assets located in India.
17. Define food seciurity according to FAO?
All people at all times have safe and nutritious food for and active and healthy life.
18. What is meant by Black money?
1. Black money is funds earned on the black market on which income and other taxes have
not been paid.
2. The unaccounted money that is concealed from the tax administrator.
19. Write the name of economic polices in India?
1. Agriculature 4. Employment
2. Industrial 5. Trade
3. New Economic 6. Population
20. Write short note on Multinational Corporation?
1. It owns and controls the production of goods and services in more than one country.
2. It is a corporate organization.
21. What is Fair Trade?
1. Aims to keep small farmers an active part of the world market place.
2. Aims to empower consumer to make purchases that support their values.
22.Write any two positive impact of Globalization?
1.It increases the GDP of a country.
2.It increases the standard of living .
3. It increases better trade and employment rapidly.
23. Why we pay tax to the government?
1. Money provided by taxation to carry out many functions and operation of government.
2. Such as Economic infrastructure, Military,Scientific research,Culture and the arts,Public
works andPublic insurance.
24. What is meant by entrepreneur?
1. He is an innovator of new ideas and business processes.
2. He processes management skills,strong team building ability and essential leadership
qualities to manage a business.
25. What are the objectives of World Trade Organization (WTO)
1. To resolve trade disputes.
2. To set and enforce rules for international trade.
3. To increase transparency in decision making.

History - Five Marks

1. Disuss the main causes of the First World War?
1. Eurpoean alliances Triple Entente, Triple alliances : Triple Entente, Triple Alliances
2. Violent Forms of Nationalism : Growth of Nationalism in England, France,German
3. Aggressive attitude of Germany : Germany and England expanded Navy and
involved in the Naval race.
4. Hastility of France towards Germany
5. The enmity between Austria and Serbia
6. Turkey any Bulgaria lost the First and Second Balkan wars.
7. Immediate cause Assassination af Austria prince Ferdinand.
2. Analyse the effects of World War-II
l. Changed the world in fundamental ways
2. New geo - political power alignment : The world was divided into two Super powers
led by America and Russia
3. Nuclar Proliferation : The USA and Soviet union entered into a race of nuclear weapons
4. Defence Spending Sky-rocketed in many countries.
5. Many international agencies emerged,- (1) The UNO (2) The world Bank (3) IMF
6. Colonies become Independent nations
7. Women economically independent
8. Socio economic changes took place.

3. Write an essay on the role Played bythe 19th century reformers towards the cause of
women?
19th Century Reformers.
1. Raja Ram mohan Roy : Abolished sati, against child marriage and polygamy.
He advocated education for women, widows remarriage
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar : Promoting girls education and schools,
widows‟ Remarriage Reform Act.
3. M.G.Ranade : Promoted inter-caste marriage and widow remarriage.
4. Swami Dayanand Saraswathi : Opposed child marriage, advocated widow remarriage
5. Jyotiba Phule : Opened orphanages and homes for widows, stood for women education.

9. Discuss the Causes and Effects of the revolt of 1857?

CAUSES :
1. Annexation policy of British India.
2. The Doctrine of Lapse.
3. The Doctrine of Paramountcy.
4. Intervention in religion, new dress code and prohibition of wearing religious marks.
5. New cartridges had been greased with cow and pig fat.
EFFECTS :
1. India becomes a crown colony.
2. British followed a cautious approach to the issue of social reform.
3. 1858 – Queen Victoria Proclamation.
4. Company rule Ended.
5. Significant changes were made in the Programmes and activities:

10.
1. The justice Party is the head of the non – Brahmin Movement in the country.
2. It widened education and employment Oppurtunities and created space for them in the Political
sphere.
3. Support inter-caste marriages and abolition of Devadasi System.
4. To approve Participation of women in the electoral Politics in 1921.
5. Established the Staff Selection Board in 1924.
6. In 1929 established the Public Service Commission
7. The Justice Party introduced the Hindu Religious Endowment (HRE). Act in 1926.

11 Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against the
East India Company?
Rebellion of VeerapandyaKattabomman :
1. VeerapandyaKattabomman became the Palayakkarar of Panchalamkurichi at the age ofthirty.
2. The Collectors humiliated the palayakkarars and adopted force to collect the taxes.
3. This was the bone of contention between the English and Kattabomman. Confrontation with
Jackson:
1. Anjackson in Ramanathapurm on 19 September 1798.
2. Sensing danger, Kattabomman tried to escape,
Appearance before Madras Court:
1. The Committee found Kattabomman was not guilty. Jackson was dismissed from service. The
Siege of Panchalamkurichi:
1. Bannerman cut off all the communications to the fort.

4. What were the causes for the failure of the Great Rebellion (Revolt) of 1857?
1. The Revolt was not organised and planned.
2. Lack of enthusiasm among the Indian princess.
3. The Indian princess and Zamindars were fearful of British power.
4. English educated middle class did not support.
5. The absence of a Central authority.
6. South Indians were not participated
7. Lack of weapons, organisation, discipline and betrayal.
5. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806?
New Regulations in Army :
1. Grievances of Indian soldiers (Low salary and Poor promotion).
2. Indian soldiers were asked not to wear caste marks.
3. New experiments in land tenures.
4. Dire economic straits.
5. Clean shave and uniform moustache
6. The new Turban added fuel to fire. Outbreak and Consequences.
 On 10 July 1806,the Indian Sepoys started the revolt.
 Many British officers were killed.
 But the revolt was crushed by Col.Gillespie.
 Many rebels were convicted,shot dead and hanged.
 The military regulations were withdrawn.
6. Discuss the response to Swadeshi Movement inTamilnadu?
 The partition ofBengal(1905)lead to the Swadeshi Movement.
 Boycot foreign goods and promote national education.
 Bharathi‟s patriotic songs.
 Many journals were started to propagate Swadeshi ideas.
 Students and youth participated in the Swadeshi movement.
 Tirunelveli up rising. www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
 Rajaji and E.V.R were active during the Non-cooperation movement.
 No tax campaigns and foreign goods were boycotted.
 9.V.O.C started Swadeshi steam navigation company.
7. Elaborate about Velunachiyar?
 Born in 1730 and married at the age of 16.
 Velunachiyar was trained by martial arts like valerie stick fighting and to wield weapons.
 She was also adept in horse riding and archery.
 She was proficiency in English, French and Urdu.
 With military assistance from Gopal Nayak and Hyder Ali she fought against the British and
 recaptured Sivagangai.
 She was crowned as Queen with the help of Maruthu brothers.
 She was the first female ruler or queen to resist the British colonial power in India.
8. Write the programme of Non- cooperation movement?
 Boycott of Government schools.
 Boycott of foreign goods
 Boycott the legislature created under the 1919 act.
 Non-participation in government, functions.
 Non-participation in government parties and official functions.
 Surrender of all titles of honours and honorary offices
 Settlement of court disputes by private arbitration
 Refusal to accept civil or military post.
 Spreading the doctrine of Swadeshi.
9. Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India?
 Partition of Bengal and formation of Muslim league are the examples of divide and rule
policy.It ended with the partition of India in 1947.
 Indian Muslims started the KhilafatMovement against the British and accepted Gandhi‟s
Non Co-operation movement.
 In1932 Ramsay MacDonald announced the communal award.
 Failure of Nehru‟s report and Jinnah‟s amendment.
 Jinna demanded a separate state for the Muslims.
 Difference between the Congressand Muslim League developed year by year.
 Jinna declared 16th August 1946 as the „DirectAction Day‟.So,partition of India became
inevitable.
 The enactment of the Indian Independence Act on 16 July 1947 by the British parliament.
 As per the Mount Batten plan India was divided(India and Pakistan) and got
Independenceon 15 th August 1947.
10.Discuss the Circumstances that led to the Reform movements of the 19-th Century.
 Influence of western ideas and thoughts.
 English education produced a new English educated middle class.
 Attempted to harmonize both Indian and Western cultures.
 Many Social evils induced the leaders to eradicate them (sati. casteism, Polygamy, Child
marriage)
 Reformist movements and the revivalist movements
11.Describe the role of Tamilnadu in Civil Disobedience Movement?
 Gandhiji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.
 Tamilnadu was in the forefront of the civil disobedience movement.
 Mass movement with the participation of students,shopkeepers,workers,women,etc.,
 In the city of Madras,shops were picked and foreign goods bycotted.
 Millworkers struck across the province.
 Rajaji arrested due to organised and led a Salt Satyagraha March toVedaranyam.
 participants - Namakkal V. Ramalinganar, Sathya Murthy and Tirupur Kumaran were
 Police used brutal force to suppress the moment.
12.Estimate PeriyarE.V.R’s decisive contribution to the social transformation of
TamilNadu?
 Periyar started Self-Respect movement.
 Advocated Self respect and inter caste marriages.
 Condemned Child marriage and Devadasi system.
 He said that motherhood was a burden to women.
 Objected to terms like „giving in marriage‟.
 He launched a movement called Anti-Hindi agitation.
 He criticized Kula KalviThittam and welcomed equal rights for males and females in
property.
 He started newspapers and journals(KudiArasu, Viduthalai, Pagutharivu, Puratchi) to
spread rational ideas.
 He advocated a casteless society‟ devoid of rituals and differences based on birth.
13. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany?
 Germany was forced to pay the reprations for the losses suffered.
 The German army was to be limited and a small Navy was allowed.
 The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.
 Alsase-Lorrain were given to France.
 Poland was recreated.
 The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allied.
14. Estimate the role of Mao Tse Tung in making china a communist country :
 1911 - Mao joined the revolutionary army.
 1933 - full control of the chinese communist party.
 1934 - started long march with communist Army.
  1937 - Mao became the leader of 10 million people.
 Mao tried to get the support of the middle class and wanted democracy.
 1948 - Captured most of the parts of China
 1949 - Central Governing Council Chairman.
 1949 - the People‟s Republic of China emerged.
15. Attempt a narrative account of how the process of decolonization happened in India
during the inter war period (1919-1939)
1. Decolonization started with swadeshi movement (1905).
2. In 1919 the Goverment of India Act introduced Dyarchy.
3. Lack of Measures to Industrialize India
4. The Great Depression has a disastrous impact on British Trade and a death blow to
IndianAgriculture.
5. The Government of India Act 1935, Provided greater power to the local government
6. Provincial elections were introduced

History - 8 Marks
1. Assess the Structure and the activities of the UN ? Structure of the UN
 193 member States each has an equal vote
 General Assembly : Each nation meats once a year aud discussed Conflicts
 Security Council : Major issues ard conflicts arediscussed in Security Council
 Administrative Structure : Executive wing of the UN is the UN Secretariat
 International Court of Justice : Judicial wing of the UN
 Economic and Social Council : Coordinates the economic and Souial work of UN
 Associated organs : FAO, WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP, Activities of the UNO
1. In 1960 - decolonisation
2. Maintaining Peace in the world through its peacekeaping force.
3. The issues which the UN deals at present :1. Human rights, 2.Problems of refugees
3. Climate
2. Critically examine the Civil Disobedience Movement as the typical example of Gandhian?
 In the congress session (Dec 1929 ) Poorna Swaraj was declared as the goal.
 The civil disobedience movement led by Gandhi in the year 1930.
 It was an important milestone in the history of Indian nationalism.
 This moment reflected the political ideologies of Ahimsa and Satyagraha ofGandhi.
 Gandhi started the March from hisSabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
 Gandhi took a lump of salt,breaking the salt law.
 Gandhi was arrested at midnight.
 Dandi salt march had an immense impacton the entire nation.
 It was the biggest mass movement India had ever witnessed.
 The movement was given up in 1933,it was an important juncture in the history of Indian
independence.
3. Comment on the Life and Teachings of Ramalinga Swamigal?
Life :
 Ramalinga Swamigal or Ramalinga Adigal was born inmarudhur(1823)
 Popularly known as Vallalar.
 He established the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam in 1865.
 Ramalinga also established a free feeding house for everyone irrespective of caste at
Vadalur.
 His songs were compiled as Thiruvarutpa.
Teachings :
 Having no formal education he gained immense scholarship.
 Ramalinga emphasized the bonds of responsibility and compassion between living beings
 He showed his compassion and mercy on all living beings.
 This he called Jeevakarunya.
4. Explian about the activities of the Leagues of Nations and causes for the failute of the
League of Nations?
ACTIVITIES :
 In 1920-Solved issue on Auckland Islands
 In 1921-Solved frontier dispute between Germany and Poland
 In 1925-Ceasefire between Greece and Bulgaria
 In 1925-Locarno Treaty peace in western Europe
 It tried to avoid war to establish peace
CAUSES FOR THE FAILURE :
 It didn‟t have its own military
 Appeared like the organisation of the victorious power.
 Collective security principle was not practiced
 The USA didn‟t join the League
 The rise of dictators weakened the League.

I.RAMAKRISHNA PARAMAHAMSA HIS PRINCIPLES :

 All religions contain the universal elements for salvation.
 Jiva is siva
 Service for man is service for God.
HIS ACHIEVEMENT :
 Attaracted educated youth
 His disciples spread his teachings in India and abroad
II. SWAMI VIVEKANANDA :
 He emphasized a cultural nationalism
 His ideas bred a sense of self confidence among Indians.
 He induced Indian youth to regenerate Hindu Society.
 His addresses on Hinduism in chicago was very famous (1893)
 The youth of Bengal stood for political Change.
6. How did the people of Bengal respond to the partition of Bengal(1905)?
 The idea of partition was devised to suppress the political activities against the British rule
in Bengal.
 The day Bengal was officially partitionedwas declared as a Day of Mourning.
 Instead of dividing the people,the partition for the United them.
 The people boycott of British goods was one such .
 The people protest through prayers, press campaigns petitions and public meetings.
 The people started Swadeshi movement and Boycott Movement of British goods.
 The growth of regional newspapers played a role in building a sense of proud Bengali
identity.
 Thousands of people took bath in the Ganga and marched on the streets of Calcutta
singing VandeMataram.

7. Describe Gandhiji’s early Satyagraha in India and their outcome?

I.Champaran Satyagraha
1. In champaran the abolition of thetinkathia system, thereby ending the oppression of the
peasants by the Indigo planters.
2. In 1918 fruitful intervention inAhmedabad mill strike and Kedha Satyagraha.
ll.RowlattSatyagraha:
1. Gandhi called it a „Black Act‟ and in protest called for a nationwide Satyagraha on 6 th
April 1919.
2. In 1919 the JallianwalaBaghMassacre.
3. Gandhi surrendered his medal.
lll.Khilafat movement:
1. Gandhi supported the movement and saw in it an opportunity to unite Hindus and
Muslims.
 2. In 1920 Khilafat committee meeting adopted Gandhi‟s non- violent, non- cooperation
program.

8. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome? Fall of Sivagangai.
 In May 1801, the English attacked the rebels in Thanjavur and Tiruchirappalli.
 The rebels went to Piranmalai and Kalayarkoil.
 They were again defeated by the forces of the English.
 The rebellion failed and Sivagangai was annexed in 1801.
 The Marudhu brothers were executed in the Fort of Tirupathur
 Oomathurai and Sevathaiah were captured and beheaded at Panchalamkurichi on 16
November 1801.
 Seventy-three rebels were exiled toPenang in Malaya.
 Though the palayakkarars fell to the English, their exploits and sacrifices inspired later
generations.

GEOGRAPHY

1. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and its improtance to India?

Three Divisions are
1. The Trans-Himalayas
i) Lies in Jammu-Kashmir and Tibetian plateau.
ii) Prominant ranges : Ladakh, Kailash, Karakoram.
2. The Himalayas
i) An young fold mountain
ii) Three divisions
1). The Himadri(Peaks-Everest,Kanchenjunga) 2). The Himachal(Major
hillStations) 3). The Siwaliks (Duns and Duars valleys)
3. The Eastern Himalayas
i) Purvanchal Hills.
ii) East location
Importance of the Himalayas
 Brings heavy rainfall to North India
 It is a natural barrier
 Tourist centre
 Rich biodiversity
 Many hill Stations
 Pilgrim centres
 Source for perennial rivers.

2. What is Urbanisation Explain its problems?

Urbanisation Transformation of society from rural to urban. Problems of Urbanization . It Creates
 Urban Sprawl
 Drainage problem
 Water Scarcity,
 Over crowding
 Traffice congestion,
 Shortage of houses.

3. State any five types of soil in India andexplain the characteristics and distribution of
soil?
1). Alluvial Soils
i) Sediments deposited by rivers
ii) Sandy clay (Rice, wheat)
iii) Ganga valley, UP, Punjab.
2). Black Soils
 i) Sticky when wet (Cotton, Millets)
ii) Maharashtra, Malwa plateaus.
3). Red Soils
i) Rich in minerals (Rice, Wheat)
ii) Tamilnadu, Kerala
4). Desert Soils
i) Dry-light colour (Millets, Barley)
ii) Rajasthan, Southern punjab
5). Marshy soils
i) High Humidity-Black (Paddy, Jute)
ii) Tamilnadu, Bihar, Odisha

4. Write about the plantation farming of Tamil Nadu?.

Plantation Forming:
Cultivated in large estates on hilly slopes.
Plantation crops of Tamil Nadu: Tea ,Coffee ,Rubber,Pepper,Cashew
and Cinchona .
1. Tea :
Tamil Nadu ranks second in area and production of tea nextto Assam. The Nilgiris is the
notable regions for tea plantation .
2. Coffee :
Tamil Nadu stands second in area and production of coffee next to Karnataka .
Coffee plants are grown in the hills of Western Ghats as well as Eastern Ghats
3. Rubber :
Rubber plantations are significant in Kanyakumari .
4. Pepper :
Pepper is confined to the warm and wet slopes of Eastern and Western Ghats
of TamilNadu.
5. Cashew :It is extensively cultivated in Cuddalore district.
5. Write about South West Monsoon?
1. Most significant feature of the Indian Climate.
2. ELNino influences the monsoon.
3. June first weak South India then whole India
4. Sudden approach of monsoon with lightning and thunder (burst
of monsoon).
5. Two Branches of South West Monsoon
1). The Arabian sea branch
i) Heavy rainfall to the west cost of India
ii) North India gets heave Rainfall
iii) North west doesn‟t get rainfall
2). The Bay of Bengal branch
i) Meghalaya gets heavy rainfall
ii) Tamilnadu gets low rainfall
iii) India gets 75% of rainfall

6. What is Multipurpose Projects and writeabout any two Multipurpose projects ofIndia?
Multipurpose Projects
1. Scientific management of water resources.
2. Construction of dam across rivers for many purposes.
3. Bhakra Nangal Project :
i) River - Sutleg
ii) Benefit states - Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan iii) Hydro Power Generation – 1500 MW
4. Hirakud Project :
i) River - Mahanadi
ii) Benefit state - Orissa
iii) Hydro Power Generation - 347.5 MW
5. Major aims of the Projects : i) Irrigation, ii) Hydro-Power
7. Give an account on water resources of Tamil
Nadu?
1. Water is the precious gift of nature to humankind and millions of other species living on the
earth.
2. Tamil Nadu constitutes 4% of India‟s land area and is inhabited by 6% of India‟s population , but
has only 5% of India‟s water resources .
3. More than 95% of the surface water and ground water have already been put into use .
4. Water resources
River basin.-17
Reservoirs - 81
Tanks. - 41, 127
Tube wells and other
wells - 4,98 ,644 Open
wells - 15,06 ,919
5. Multipurpose River Valley Projects :
MetturDam,BhavaniSagarDam,Amaravathi Dam , KrishnagiriDam,SathanurDam,Vaigai Dam ,
Manimuthar Dam, The PapanasamDam,etc.,
8. What are the major issues faced by farmersin India?
1. Infertile soil.
2. Lack of irrigation.
3. Soil erosion.
4. Scarcity of capital
5. Inadequate transport.
6. Inadequate store facilities. www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
7. High costs of input.
8. Agricultural marketing.
9. Lack of mechanization.
9. Classify and explain the roadways in India?
1. Most important system of road transportation in India .
2. Connecting capital of states , major ports , rail junctions , industrial and tourist centres. Longest
NH is NH – 44,Shortest NH is NH- 47
A.State Highways :
1. Links important cities ,towns and district headquarters within the state.
2. Administrated and financed by state governments.
District Roads :
1. Links between the district and taluk headquarters.
2. Constructed and maintained by the PWD of the states.
Rural Roads :
1. Links the different villages with their neighbouring towns.
2. Maintained by Village Panchayats. Border Roads :
1. Roads of strategic importance in border areas .
2. Constructed and maintained by Border Roads Organisation.
Expressways :
1. Multi –lane good quality highways for high speed traffic Ex: Mumbai–Pune Road. International
Highways :
1. Link India with its neighbouring countries for promoting harmonious relationship.
10. Examine the geographical conditions favourable for the cultivation of Rice and Wheat?
Expressways :
Rice :
1. Rice is an indigenous crop.India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.
2. It is mainly a tropical crop.
3. Growing mainly with mean temperatures of 240 and annual rainfall of 150cm .
4. Deep fertile clayey or loamy soils are suited well for rice cultivation
5. It needs abundant supply of cheap labour .
Wheat :
1. Wheat is the second most important food crop of the country,after rice .
2. It accounts for 22 % of the total area.
3. 34%of the total production of food grains in the country.
4. It requires 1 -150 at the time of sowing.
5. 20-250C at the time of ripening of grains.
12. Write about the distribution of cotton textile industries in India?
1. This sector in India is the second largest in the world.
2. India is the third largest producer of cotton and loom arc and ring spindles in the world .
3. Handloom,Handicrafts and Small Power- Loom units are the biggest source of employment for
millions of people.
4. Cotton textile industry is the largest organised modern industry of India.
5. The higher concentration of textile mills in and around Mumbai,makes it as “ Manchester of
India “ .
6. In TamilNadu Coimbatore is the most important centre with 200 mills out of its 435 and called as
“Manchester of South India”.
13. Describe the forests of India?
Tropical Evergreen Forest :
1. 200 cm or more annual rainfall.The annual temperature is about more than 22°C.
2. Found in WesternGhats.Trees are rubber, rosewood,bamboo and palm. Tropical Deciduous
Forest:(Monsoon Forest)
1. 100 to 200 cm. annual rainfall.
2. Annual temperature is about 27°C
3. The trees (Teak and Sal) drop their leaves during the spring. (Found in UP, Tamilnadu, Kerala,
Andra, Punjab)
Tropical Dry Forest:1. 50 to 100 cm rainfall. 2. Found in East Rajasthan and Tamilnadu, Haryana,
Punjab.(Banyan,Palas,Bamboo, Babool etc.)
Tropical thorn forests:
1. Desert and Semi-desert vegitation.
2. Annual Rainfall of less than 50cm. Mountain or Montane Forest:
1. The rainfall of this region is moderate .
2. Found in Jammu &Kashmir,Himachal Pradesh.
Alpine Forest:
1. Oak ,silver fir , pine are the main trees of forests. Tidal Forests:(Mangrove forests)
1. These forests occur in and around the deltas,estuaries.
14. Explain the Western and Eastern coastal plains of India?
I.The Western coastal plains:
1. Lies between the Western ghats and the Arabian sea.
2. Vembanadu famous backwater lake.
3. Extends from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari.
4. Numerous swallow lagoons and backwaters (Kayals and Teris)
5. Northern part Kongan plain, middle part Canara, Southern part Malabar coast.
II.The Eastern coastal plains:
1. Lies between the Eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
2. Chilika Lake,Kollerulake,PulicatLake.
3. These planes are formed by the alluvial fillings.
4. Regular shoreline with well-defined beaches.
5. Northern part Northern Circars,Southern part Coromandel coast.
15.What are the Risk reduction measures taken before, during and after cyclone?
Before:
1. Keep your mobile phones charged.
2. Listen to radio,watchTV,read newspaper for weatherupdates. 3.Keep your valuable things
safely.
4. Untie cattle/animals.
5. Fishermen should keep a radio with extra batteries. 6.Keep boats and rafts tide up safely.
During:
1.Keep all family members inside the house. 2.Don‟t go out during cyclone
3.Switch off all electrical appliances. 4.Movable items should be kept securely tide.
After:1. Those who shifted to the cyclonecentre must remainder till instructionsare received.
2. Strictly avoid lose electricalwires after the cyclone 3.Cleardebris and carcases near the
premises.
Civics - Five Marks
1. Explain the Salient features of the Constitution of India?
1. It is the lengthiest written Constitution in the world.
2. It is party rigid and party flexible
3. It makes India as a secular state
4. It Provides Single citizenship
5. It Provides federal form of government
6. It Provides an independent Judiciary
7. It has borrowed Provisions from various countries.
8. Right to vote to all above 18 years of age
2. Make any two basic concepts followed by India to maintain friendly relations with its
Neighbours?
The basic concepts of India‟s foreign policy to maintain friendly relations with its neighbours are-
1. Preservation of national interest.
2. Achievement of world peace,
3. Disarmament
4. Fostering cordial relationship with other countries
5. Solving conflicts by peaceful means
6. Independence of thought and action as per the principle of NAM.
7. Equality in conducting internationalrelations
8. Anti-colonialism, anti-imperialism and anti-racism Policy of Disarmament: · No first use ·
Credible minimum deterrence.
Fostering cordial relationship with other countries:
· To leverage international partnership for India‟s domestic development.
3. Discuss the Financial and Judicial powers of the governor?
Financial powers :1.State legislature should get his approval to introduce budget.
2.Money bills can beintroduced only with his prior recommendation.
3.No demand for any grant can be made except on his recommendation.
4.He constitutes a financial commission to review the financial position.
Judicial powers:
1.He appoints the Attorney- General of the state. 2.He appoints judges to the subordinate courts.
3. Appointing the Chief Justice of the High Court with his consultation.
4. He can pardon,commute punishment on receipt of appeals for mercy.
4. Discuss the core determinants of India’s foreign policy?
1.Geographical position and size of territory. 2.Nation‟s history, traditions and philosophical basis.
3.Natural resources.
4.Military strength.
5.Internationalmilieu.
6.The compulsion of economic development.
7.Political stability and structure of government.
8.The necessity of peace ,disarmament and non- proliferation of nuclear weapons.
5. Describe the Executive and Judicial Powers of the President of India?
Executive Powers (Article 77)
1. Every executive action ofthe union Government is undertaken by his name.
2. Appointing - PM, union Ministers, State Governors, Supreme and High Court Judges, Election
Commissioners.
3. Inagurates the Parliament session after the genaral election
4. First citizen of India
5. Constitutional head of the union Judicial Powers
l. Article 72 describes the judicial powers of the president.
2. He Can Pardon, Commute. and reprieve Panishment including death Sentence
3. The president is not answerable to any court
6. What are the powers ard functions of the Chief-Minister?
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS.
1. Oppointing ministers, allocates portfolios
2. Leads, minesterial meetings
3. Shuffles and Reshuffles his ministers
4. He Advices the Governor in the oppointment of the
high officials
5. He Announces government polices.
6 Introduce bills in the legislative Assembly
7. Recommend for dissolution the Legistative Assembly to the Governor
8. He has to control his party and develop the disciplines.
7. What are the Duties and Functions of Prime Minister of India?
Duties (Article 78) and Functions
1. He decides and distributes Various departments to ministers.
2. He organises and presides the Cabinet meeting.
3. He Supervises the works of ministers
4. Acts as the link between the president and the Council of Ministers
5. He is the leader of the nation
6. He is the Chief Spokesperson of the Country.
7. He attends international conferences like SAARC, Commonwealth and etc.
8. He is head of the cabinet and the other ministers.
8. Point out the Fundamental Rights?
1. Part III
2. Article -l2 to 35
3. Derived from USA Constitution.
4. Enforceable by a court of Law www.tamilthugal.blogspot.com
5. These have legal Sanctions
6. Strengthen political democracy in the Country.
7. Six Fundamental Rights
1. Right to Equality ( Article 14 -18 )
2. Right to Freedom (Article 18 - 22)
3. Right Against Exploitation(Article 23 -24)
4. Right to Religion (Article 25-28)
5. Cultural & Educational Rights (Article29
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article – 32)
9. Mention the differences betweenFundamental Rights and Directive Principlesof State
Policy?
Fundamental Rights:
1. It was derived from the Constitution of the USA.
2. Even the Government cannot take away or bridge these rights.
3. These are enforceable by a court of law.
4. These have legal sanctions.
5. These rights strengthen political democracy in the country.
Directive Principles of State Policy:
1. It was drawn on the model of the Constitution of Ireland economic.
2. These are mere institutions to the Government.
3. These are not enforceable in any court.
4. These have moral and political sanctions.
5. The implementation of these principles ensures social and economic democracy.
10. Write a detailed note on Non-Alignment?
1. Reason: Nehru ,India‟s first Prime Minister, was opposed to the rivalry of the two super powers
(America and Russia ) who were trying to extend their influence over the newly emerged nations
of Asia and Africa. So, he chose the path of Non- Alignment .
2. Term : The term „ Non – Alignment „ was coined by V.Krishna Menon in his speech at the United
Nations in 1953.
3. Non-Alignment has been regarded as the most important feature of India‟s foreign policy.
4. Aim : It aimed to maintain national independence in foreign affairs by not joining any military
alliance.
5. Members : The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was formed with a membership of 120 countries
and 17 states as observes and 10 international organisations.
6. Founding fathers : Jawaharlal Nehru of India,Tito of Yugoslavia,Nasser of Egypt,Sukarno of
Indonesia,and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.
11. Describe the Legislative powers of the Governor?
1. Head of the State executive and the chancellor of universities.
2. He is part of State Legislature
3. He inagurates the state legislature after the general election.
4. He can Summon, Prorogue and dissolve the legislative Assembly.
5. Bills become Laws after his approval.
6. He can dissolve the house with the advice of Chief minister.
7. He appoints the District Judges, Attorney General, Finance Commission.
8. The Governor can rule the State. directly during emergency.

Economics - Five Marks

1. Write the challenges of Globalization?
1. It leads to instability in the developing world
2. It leads to global inbalance
3. It has led to environmental degradation
4. It has led to increase child labour and slavery
5. Consuming junk food caused ill health and spread of diseases
6. Increased global competition
7. Benefits extent to all countries that will not happen automatically
2. Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born?
1. The main cause for the Green Revolution is the growth of population in India after
independence.
2. Food security of people is also related to a country‟s overall development process.
3. An initial focus on agriculture, industrialisation was given priority.
4. The recurrent droughts experienced by India pushed her to be dependent on imports of food
grains.
5. The available foreign exchange reserve could not permit open market purchases and import of
grains.
6. India had to plead for food grains from richer countries (USA) concessional rates.
7. So, Green Revolution was born in the country to achieve self sufficiency in food grains
production.
3. Explain some direct and Indirect taxes?
Direct Taxes:
1. Income tax :
· Most important tax levied on an individual in India .
· Based on the income of a person.
2. Corporate tax :
· Tax is levied on companies.
· Charged on royalties, interest gains from sale of capital assets.
3. Wealth tax :
· Tax is levied on the individuals and companies.
· Charged on the benefits derived from property ownership.
Indirect taxes :
1. Stamp duty :
·Tax is paid on official documents like marriage registration.
·Documents related to a property.
2. Entertainment tax :
·Charged by the government on any source of entertainment provided.
3. Excise duty :
· It is any duty on manufactured goods levied at the movement of manufacture.(Sales Tax).
4. What are the main objectivies of the new Agricultural policy?
1.Raising the productivity of inputs :
· One of the important objectives of India‟s agricultural policy.
· Purchasing HYV seeds , fertilisers, pesticides, irrigation projects etc.
2.Raising value added per hectare :
· To increase per hectare value –added by raising the productivity of agriculture.
3.Protecting the interests of poor farmers :
· Abolishing intermediaries through land reforms, expanding institutional credit support to poor
farmers.
4.Modernising agricultural sector :
· Introduction of modern technology in agricultural operations.(HYV Seeds, fertilizers etc.)
5.Environmental degradation :
· To check environmental degradation of natural base of Indian agriculture.
6.Removing bureaucratic obstacles :
· To remove bureaucratic obstacles on the farmers cooperative societies and self help institutions.
5. Briefly explain various termsassociated with measuring of National Income?
1. Gross National Product (GNP) GNP is the total value of goods and ServicesProduced in a
Country in a Year GNP = C+I+G+(X-M) + NFIA
2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is the total value of goods and Produced within the
geographical boundaries of a country in a year
3. Net National Product (NNP) NNP=GNP-Depreciation
4. Net Domestic Product (NDP) NDP = GDP-Depreciation
5. Per Capita Income (PCT) PCI=National Income / Population
6. Personal Income (PI)
7. Disposable Income (DI) DPI = PI - Direct Taxes
6. What is black money ? Write the causes of black money?
Black Money:
· Black money is funds earned on the black market on which income and other taxes have not
been paid.
· The unaccounted money that is concealed from the tax
Causes of Black Money :
1. Shortage of goods.
· Root cause of black money.
2. Licensing proceeding.
· Generation of black money.
3. Contribution of the industrial sector.
· Major contribution to black money.
4. Smuggling.
· Major source of black money.
5. Taxstructure.
· Tax increased,more black money generated.
7. Elaborate the Public Distribution System?
1. Tamilnadu adopted the Universal PDS, other states Targeted PDS
2. All the family ration card holders can get food supplies under this system
3. Union and state governments give subsidies to the PDS (Varies between states)
4. The MFSA Covers 50% urban households and 75% rural household
5. The priority house hold get food supply through PDS
8.Write the structure of GST?
· GST-Goods and Service Tax.
· One of the Indirect taxes.
· GST Act came into effect on 1stJuly 2017.
· Motto : One nation,Onemarket,Onetax.
I.State Goods and Service Tax (SGST) :
1. Intra tax (within the state)
2. VAT / sales tax ,purchase tax,entertainment tax, luxury tax, Lottery tax and state surcharge and
cesses.
II. Central Goods and Service Tax (CGST)
1. Intra tax ( within the state )
2. Central Excise Duty, service tax, counter vailing duty, additionalduty of
customs,surcharge,education
and secondary / higher secondary cess.
III.Integrated Goods and Service Tax ( IGST)
1. Inter State (integrated GST )
2. There are four major GST rates: ( 5% ,12% , 18 % and28% )
3. Almost all the necessities of life like vegetables and food grains are excempted from this tax.
9. Write about the composition of GDP in India
1. Primary sector (Agricultural Sector)
i) Agricultural operations are under taken
ii) Allied activities – Cattle Farm,Fishing, Mining and Forestry
2. Secondary sector (Industrial sector)
i) Raw materials are transformed into finished products
ii) Iron, Steel, Jute, Sugar, Cement Industry and Textile Industry.
3. Tertiary Sector (Service Sector)
i) It is the Service Sector
ii) Education, Banking, Entertainment, Trade, Transport, IT
10. What are the methods of calculating
Gross Domestic Product? And explain its?
1. Expenditure Approach We get GDP by adding the expenditure on all final goods and sevices
produced in a country in a year Y = C+I+G+(X-M)
2. The Income Approach We get GDP by adding the income producing goods and services.
Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Profit
3. Value added Approach In this method, The value of intermediate goods used in production =
The value of the final goods Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea
11. What are the important characteristics of successful industrial clusters?
1. Geographical proximity of Small and Medium Enterprises. (SMEs)
2. Sectoral specification.
3. Close inter –firm collaboration.
4. Inter-firm competition based on innovation.
5. A socio –cultural identity , which facilitates trust
6. Multi- skilled workforce.
7. Active self- help organisations.
8. Supportive regional and municipal governments.
12. Write about the positive impact and the negative impact of Globalisation?
Positive impact:
1.Standard of living has increased.
2.Increasing the GDP of a country.
3.Increasing better trade,more people are employed. 4.Introduced new technologies and new
scientific research.
Negative impact:
1.Too much flow of capital among Countries.
2.Introduces unfair and immoral distributors of income.
3.Losing national integrity. Increases negative ecological and social costs.
13. Briefly explain the advantages anddisadvantages of MNC?
Advantages
1. They produce quality goods at lower cost
2. Due to lowprices, purchasing power increased
3. Advantage of tax variation
4. Job growth in the local economy
Disadvantages
1. MNC Develop monopoly
2. They affect the environment
3. Downfall in small and local business
4. They breach ethical standards
Geography Distingush (Qestion No : 34A )
1. Western Coastal Plains Eastern coastal Plains 13. Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers
1. Western Coastal Plains are narrow Eastern coastal plains are wider. 1. Originate from Himalayas Originate from Western Ghats
2. It is not a fertile Region it is a fertile Region 2. Perennial Rivers
3. Vambanad lake Kolleru lake, Pulicat lake Non-Perennial Rivers
3. The Ganges The Cauvery
2. Road Ways Railways
1. Suitable for short distance Services Suitable for Long distance Servicing 14. North East Monsoon South West Monsoons
2. Maintenance cost is less More maintenance cost 1. Winds blow from the land to sea Winds blow from the Sea to land
3. India-The Second longest Road India-The Second largest Railway net- 2. Octrober to November June to September
Network in the world work in the world 3. India gets 25% annual rainfall India gets 75% annual rainfall
3. Agro Based Industry Mineral Based Industry 15. Rabi crop season Kharif crop season
1. Raw Materials - Agricultural Raw Materials - Minerals 1. Season: October to March. 1. Season: June to September.
Products 2. Grow well in low temperature and low rainfall. 2. Need high temperature and heavy rainfall.
2. Cotton, Jute and sugar Industry Cement, Steel and Iron Industry 3. Wheat,Rice,Gram,Ragi. 3. Rice,Cotton Millet,Jute.,
3. Factories near the cultivation area Industries near the mineral Sources
16. Thamiraparani Cauvery
4. Weather Climate
1. Originates from a peak in Pothigai Hills. 1. Originates at Tala cauvery.
1. Changes daily Records of 35 years of weather. 2. Non perennial river. 2. Perennial river.
2. A Day to day condition 3. Tributaries : 3. Tributaries :
of atmosphere Average state of weather Kariya,Manimuthar,Chittar,Pachaiyar., Bhavani,Noyyal,Amaravathi.
5. Alluvial Soils Black Soils 17. Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources
1. Found in the river plains Found in the Deccan Plateau (Non Conventional Energy) (Conventional Energy)
2. Formed by sediments deposited by river s Formed by the weathering of Basalt 1. Can be replaced after utillisation Can’t be replaced aftor utilisation
rocks.
3. Crops-Rice and Wheat. Crops-Cotton and Millets 2.They don’t cause pollution They cause pollution
6. Western Ghats Eastern Ghats 3. Sun light and water Coal and Petroleum
18. Jute Industry Sugar Industry
1. It is a continuous range It is not continous Range
2. Run parallel to the West Coast Run parallel to the East coast. 1. Raw material : Jute 1. Raw material : Sugarcane and Sugar beat.
3. There are three important Pases There is no Pass. 2. Largest producer in the world. 2. Second largest producer in the world.
7. Marine Fishing Inland Fishing 3. Located near jute growing area. 3. Located near sugarcane growing area.
4.eg: Jute bags, rope, mats and carpets. 4. eg:Molasses and press mud.
1. It is salt water fishing It is freshwater fishing.
2. Kerala is the leading Producer Andra is the leading producer 19. Internal trade International trade
3. Continental Shelf-Main Source Rivers,lakes, ponds-Main Sources 1. Trade carried on within the domestic 1. Trade carried on between two or more
of fishing of fishing territory of a country. countries.
8.Waterways Roadways 2. Also known as Domestic trade or 2. Also known as foreign trade or external
Local trade. trade.
1. Oldest and also the cheapest 1. Quickest,Costliest,Most modern and 3. Trade is mostly based on the Nation’s 3. Trade is carried on the foreign currency.
means of transport. comfortable means of transport. currency.
2. Fuel efficient and eco friendly. 2. Not a fuel efficient and eco friendly.
Geography DISTINGUISH. (Qestion No : 34-B)
3. Carries heavy and bulk materials. 3. Carries passengers,Freight and mail. 1. Himalayas are called young fold mountains
9.Food crops Non-Food crops They were formed because of the folding of the Earth Crust due
1. Produced for human consumption. 1. Produced for commercial purpose. to tectonic Activity
2. Maximum used within the country. 2. Sent to foreign countries. 2. Agriculture is the backbone of India
3. Paddy,Wheat,millet etc., 3. Tea,Coffee,Sugarcane. India gets 25% of employment, and 50% of National Income
10. Metallic Minerals Non-Metallic Minerals 3. Rain Water harvesting is necessary.
1. Contain metalic elements Do not contain metals For Agriculture, Domestic and Industrial Sector.
2. Look Shining Look dull colour 4. Mountains are cooler than the plains
3. Iron, Copper, Gold Mica, Coal, Petroleum For every 1000 meters 6.50 C temperature decreases
11.Surface water Ground water 5. North Indian Rivers are perennial
1. Easy to take and use. 1. Not an easy process to take. They are fed by Himalayan Glaciers and monsoon rains
2. Useful to irrigate vast area. 2. We can irrigate small area. 6. Western coastal plain is narrow
3. Tank, Pond, Lake, etc., 3. Well and Tube well. The west flowing rivers do not form Deltas
7. India has a tropical monsoon climate
12. Tropical Evergreen forest Deciduous forest 1. Most of India is located in the tropical region
1. Annual rainfall is between 100 cm and 200 cm. 2. The monsoon winds affect the climate.
1. Annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.
2. Trees shed their leaves during Spring
2. Trees never shed their leaves. and summer. 8. South Indian rivers are east flowing
3. Also known as Evergreen forest. 3. Also known as Monsoon forest. The land surface of south India is higher in west and lower in south
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