Savitribai Phule Pune University

(Formerly University of Pune)

Two Year Post graduate Degree Program in Zoology

( Faculty of Science & Technology )

Revised Syllabus as per National Education Policy - 2020 for

M. Sc. (Zoology) Part - II

(For Colleges Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)

Syllabus to be implemented from the Academic Year

2024 - 2025

BOARD OF STUDIES IN ZOOLOGY,

Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Pune – 411 007
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

PREAMBLE

In recent years, many countries have recognised the need to update their education
systems to meet the demands of 21st century. The primary goal of a successful education
system is to nurture individuals into well-rounded human beings. These individuals should be
capable of thinking critically and acting rationally, while also possessing qualities such as
compassion, empathy, courage, and resilience. The education system aims to instil a scientific
mindset and foster creative imagination in students. Equally important, it strives to impart
strong ethical principles and values that serve as a solid foundation for their character and
behaviour. Ultimately, the education system seeks to shape individuals who contribute
positively to society and are equipped to tackle the challenges of life with wisdom and
integrity. India's education system is one of the largest globally. The National Education
Policy of India 2020 (NEP 2020) is India‟s step towards updating its education system. As
NEP 2020 completes its three years, let us check what India‟s new education policy has
brought about.

India modified and introduced a new education policy with several changes and new
additions after almost two decades through NEP 2020, which was approved by the Indian
Union Cabinet on 29th July, 2020, serving as a visionary blueprint for the country's education
system. Replacing the previous National Policy on Education from 1986, NEP 2020 aims at
“producing engaged, productive, and contributing citizens for building an equitable,
inclusive, and plural society as envisaged by our Constitution”.

The National Education Policy envisions an education system deeply rooted in Indian
ethos, driving the transformation of India into a sustainable and equitable knowledge society.
It aims to provide high-quality education to all, elevating India to a global knowledge
superpower. The policy emphasises nurturing a profound respect for Fundamental Duties and
Constitutional values, fostering a strong bond with the nation, and creating awareness of one's
roles and responsibilities in a changing world. The vision is to instil in learners a profound
pride in being Indian, evident not only in their thoughts but also in their actions and intellect.
The policy seeks to develop amongst student‟s knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes that
promote responsible commitment to human rights, sustainable living, and global well-being,
making them true global citizens.

The NEP 2020 is an ambitious policy document that aims to reform and modernize the
education system in India. While the implementation of the policy will require significant
effort and resources, it has the potential to significantly improve the quality of education in
the country and help ensure that all students have access to opportunities for learning and
personal growth.

Thus, The BoS Zoology had framed the syllabus in such a way that this will follow
principles of NEP – 2020. Some of the key features of this revised syllabus are as follows :

 Syllabus offers Specialization subjects viz., Animal Physiology, Entomology &

Genetics in order to make our students compatible for various research and industrial

1
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

fields. Animal physiology and Physiology of Reproduction has direct applications in

biomedical research. Graduates can explore opportunities in laboratories and research
facilities, contributing to studies that have implications for human health and
medicine.
 Entomology, Applied Entomology, Insect Physiology & Biochemistry will contribute
to the betterment of mankind by detecting the role of insects in the spread of disease
and discovering ways of protecting food and fibre crops, and livestock from being
damaged. They will contribute to pest management, insect diversity conservation, and
sustainable farming practices. With the growing interest in insect-based protein
sources, entomologists can be engaged in insect farming and product development.
Additionally, their expertise is valuable in research, pharmaceuticals, and
biotechnology, including the study of insect-borne diseases and genetic engineering.
As climate change alters ecosystems, entomologists will be at the forefront of
understanding and mitigating its impact. They study the way beneficial insects
contribute to the well being of humans, animals, and plants.
 Genetics and Applied Genetics courses will give detailed idea about applications of
genetics in different areas. Student will get ware of genetic engineering and its tools,
components involved in cloning and recombinant gene technology, emerging fields
such as epigenetics and the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Student will
learn various classical cytogenetic techniques used in advanced diagnostic methods &
concept of molecular medicine and molecular diagnostic methods.
 Developmental biology is a fascinating and expansive field that focuses on
understanding how organisms grow and develop from a single cell to a complex,
multicellular entity. The scope of studying developmental biology is broad and covers
various aspects of biological research and applications. Developmental biology offers
diverse career paths in academia, industry, healthcare, and research institutions.
Professionals in this field can work as researchers, professors, biotechnologists,
genetic counsellors, and more.
 Immunology helps in understanding how the immune system fights infections, which
is essential for developing treatments and vaccines for diseases caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites. Immunology is a dynamic field that drives innovation in
biomedical research, leading to new discoveries and technologies that can have broad
applications in medicine, biology and life sciences.
 Animal behavior provides insights into the complex interactions between animals and
their environments, contributing to our understanding of biodiversity and ecosystem
health. Careers include roles in academia, wildlife conservation, animal training,
veterinary sciences, and research institutions, offering positions like wildlife biologist,
ethologist, zookeeper, and more.
 Ecology and evolution provides critical insights into the natural world, informing
efforts to preserve biodiversity and understand the mechanisms driving life on Earth.
Careers span academia, research institutions, environmental consulting, conservation
organizations, and governmental agencies, offering roles such as ecologist,
evolutionary biologist, environmental scientist, conservation manager, and more.

2
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

 Environmental biology focuses on understanding the relationships between organisms

and their environments, addressing ecological, conservation, and sustainability
challenges. Careers include roles in academia, government agencies, non-profit
organizations, environmental consulting firms, and industries focused on
sustainability, offering positions like environmental scientist, conservation biologist,
environmental consultant, policy advisor etc.
 Research projects will allow students to delve deeply into specific subjects, enhancing
their understanding beyond what is covered in the classroom. Conducting research
requires critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving, which are valuable skills in
both academic and professional settings. Students can gain practical experience in
using research methodologies, tools, and techniques, which can be beneficial for
future academic or professional endeavours.
 Participation in research projects can prepare students for careers in academia,
industry, or other fields by providing relevant experience and showcasing their ability
to conduct independent work. Research projects often involve collaboration with
faculty, peers, and professionals, helping students build a network that can be valuable
for future career opportunities. Students may have the chance to publish their findings
in academic journals or present the work in conferences, enhancing their resumes and
professional profiles. Innovations resulting from academic research can lead to new
products, services, technology transfer to industries, driving economic growth and job
creation.

In conclusion, we hope this syllabus will encourage and maximize learning among
students to develop open, inquiring minds for holistic development, thereby justifying the
essence and spirit of National Education Policy 2020.

3
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Equivalence of Previous Syllabus :

Semester - I

Old Course (2019 Pattern) New Course ( NEP 2023 Pattern)

ZOUT 111 Biochemistry and Biochemical ZOO - 501 - MJ : Advanced Biochemistry
Techniques
ZOUT 112 Cell Biology and ZOO - 502 - MJ : Advanced Cell Biology
Developmental Biology ZOO - 503 - MJ : Comparative Embryology
ZOUT 113 Genetics and English in ____
Scientific Communication.
ZODT 114 Biostatistics / ZOO - 510 - MJ : Biostatistical Applications
ZODT 114 Freshwater Zoology ZOO - 511 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Biostatistical Applications
ZOO - 512 - MJ : Freshwater Zoology
ZOUP 115 Basic Zoology Lab – I ZOO - 506 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
Biochemistry and Cell
Biology
ZOO - 507 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
Biosystematics and
Biodiversity and Medical
Entomology
ZOO - 514 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
Comparative Embryology
ZOO - 515 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in Histological
Techniques
ZODP 114 Zoology Practical – 1 ZOO - 513 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Freshwater Zoology

Semester - II

Old Course (2019 Pattern) New Course (NEP 2023 Pattern)

ZOUT 121 Molecular Biology and ZOO - 551 - MJ : Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics
ZOUT 122 Endocrinology and ZOO - 552 - MJ : Comparative Endocrinology
Parasitology ZOO - 560 - MJ : Medical Parasitology
ZOUT 123 Comparative Animal ZOO - 553 - MJ : Comparative Animal
Physiology & Environmental Physiology
Biology
ZODT 124 Metabolic pathways / ____
Ichthyology
ZODP 124 Zoology Practical - 2 _ __ _

4
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOUP 125 Basic Zoology Lab – II ZOO - 556 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Biochemical and Molecular
Techniques
ZOO - 557 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Animal Physiology and
Endocrinology
ZOO - 561 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Medical Parasitology
____ ZOO - 554 - MJ : Biochemical Techniques
____ ZOO - 555 - MJ : Integrated Pest Management
____ ZOO - 562 - MJ : Economic Zoology
____ ZOO - 563 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Economic Zoology
____ ZOO - 564 - MJP : Practicals in Bio – Medical
Techniques
____ ZOO - 581 - OJT / FP : On Job Training or Field
Project

Semester III

Old Course (2019 Pattern) New Course (NEP 2023 Pattern)

ZOUT 231 Animal Physiology - I / ZOO - 601 - MJ : Animal Physiology – I /
Entomology - I / Genetics - I Entomology – I /
Genetics – I
ZOUT 232 Fundamentals of Systematics ____
and Economic Zoology
ZOUT 233 Research Methodology and Insect ZOO - 604 - MJ : Insect Physiology &
Physiology and Biochemistry Biochemistry
ZODT 234 Immunology/ Genetic Toxicology ____
ZODP 234 Zoology Practical Paper- 3 ____
ZOUP 235 Special Lab I ZOO - 605 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Animal Physiology – I /
Entomology – I /
Genetics – I
ZOO - 606 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Physiology of
Reproduction and
Insect Physiology &
Biochemistry
____ ZOO - 602 - MJ : Physiology of
Reproduction

5
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

____ ZOO - 603 - MJ : Developmental Biology

____ ZOO - 610 - MJ : Applied Genetics
____ ZOO - 611 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Applied Genetics
____ ZOO - 612 - MJ : Animal Behaviour
____ ZOO - 613 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Animal Behaviour
____ ZOO - 631 - RP : Research Project

Semester IV

Old Course (2019 Pattern) New Course (NEP 2023 Pattern)

ZOUT 241 Animal Physiology – II / ZOO - 651 - MJ : Animal Physiology – II /
Entomology – II / Genetics - II Entomology – II /
Genetics – II
ZOUT 242 Mammalian Reproductive
____
Physiology and Aquaculture
ZODT 243 Histology and Histochemistry /
____
Pest Control
ZODP 243 Zoology Practical Paper-4
(Practicals corresponding to ____
ZOUT 241and ZODT 243)
ZODT 244 Pollution Biology/ Apiculture ____
ZODP 244 Zoology Practical Paper-5 ZOO - 655 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
(Practicals corresponding to Animal Physiology – II /
ZOUT 242 and ZODT 244) Entomology – II /
Genetics – II
ZOUP 245 Project ZOO - 681 - RP : Research Project
____ ZOO - 652 - MJ : Ecology and Evolution 02
____ ZOO - 653 - MJ : Environmental Biology 02
____ ZOO - 654 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Ecology, Evolution and
Environmental Biology
____ ZOO - 660 - MJ : Applied Entomology
____ ZOO - 661 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Applied Entomology
____ ZOO - 662 - MJP : Immunology
____ ZOO - 663 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Immunology

6
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ILLUSTRATIVE CREDIT DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE FOR TWO YEARS / ONE

YEAR P. G. - M. Sc. PROGRAMME

Major
Year Sem. OJT RP CUM.
Level RM Degree
(2 Yr. ) (2 Yr.) / FP CR
Major Core Major Elective

10 (T) + 4 (P) 2 (T) + 2 (T / P)

SEM - I 4 0 0 22
= 14 =4
PG Diploma
1 6.0 (After
10 (T) + 4 (P) 2 (T) + 2 (T / P)
SEM - II 0 4 0 22 3 Year
= 14 =4
Degree)
Total Credit for PG Diploma 28 8 4 4 0 44
Exit Option : PG Diploma on completion of 44 Credits after Three Year UG Degree
OR continue with PG second year.

10 (T) + 4 (P) 2 (T) + 2 (T / P)

SEM - III 0 0 4 22 PG Degree
= 14 =4
(After
2 6.5
3 Year UG
8 (T) + 4 (P) 2 (T) + 2 (T / P)
SEM - IV 0 0 6 22 OR
= 12 =4
PG Degree
after 4 Year
Total Credit for 2nd Year PG 26 8 0 0 10 44
UG )
Total Credit for PG Degree 54 16 4 4 10 88
2 Years – 4 Sem. PG Degree on completion of 88 Credits after Three Year UG Degree
OR 1 Year – 2 Sem. PG Degree (44 Credits) after Four Year UG Degree.

7
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

M. Sc. Zoology – Course Structure & Distribution of Credits

Year Level Semester I

Course Subject Credits
ZOO - 501 - MJ : Advanced Biochemistry 02
ZOO - 502 - MJ : Advanced Cell Biology 02
ZOO - 503 - MJ : Comparative Embryology 02
ZOO - 504 - MJ : Medical Entomology 02
ZOO - 505 - MJ : Biosystematics &
Major Core 02
Biodiversity
ZOO - 506 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
Biochemistry & Cell 02
Biology
ZOO - 507 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises
in Biosystematics,
02
Biodiversity and
Medical Entomology
ZOO - 510 - MJ : Biostatistical Applications 02
ZOO - 511 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises
in Biostatistical 02
Applications
1 6.0 Major ZOO - 512 - MJ : Freshwater Zoology 02

Elective ZOO - 513 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises

02
in Freshwater Zoology
ZOO - 514 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
02
Comparative Embryology
ZOO - 515 - MJP : Lab. Exercises in
02
Histological Techniques
ZOO - 541 - RM : Research Methodology 02
Research
ZOO - 542 - RMP: Laboratory Exercises in
Methodology 02
Research Methodology
NOTE :
1. Major Core = ( ZOO – 501 - MJ to ZOO - 505 - MJ = 10 C 14
+ ZOO - 506 - MJP to ZOO - 507 - MJP = 4C ) ( Major
Core of 10 + 4 = 14 Credits are Compulsory ).
2. Major Elective = Students can choose any two courses
from ( ZOO - 510 - MJ to ZOO - 515 - MJ ) equivalent to 2 04
+ 2 = 4 Credits.
3. Research Methodology ( ZOO - 541 - RM & ZOO - 542 -
04
RMP) is compulsory for all students.
Total 22

8
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Year Level Semester II

Course Subject Credits
ZOO - 551 - MJ : Molecular Biology 02
ZOO - 552 - MJ : Comparative
02
Endocrinology
ZOO - 553 - MJ : Comparative Animal
02
Physiology
ZOO - 554 - MJ : Biochemical Techniques 02
Major
ZOO - 555 - MJ : Integrated Pest
Core 02
Management
ZOO - 556 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Biochemical & Molecular 02
Techniques
ZOO - 557 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises
in Animal Physiology and 02
Endocrinology
ZOO - 560 - MJ : Medical Parasitology 02
ZOO - 561 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
02
Medical Parasitology
1 6.0 Major ZOO - 562 - MJ : Economic Zoology 02
Elective ZOO - 563 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
02
Economic Zoology
ZOO - 564 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
02
Bio- Medical Techniques
On Job
ZOO - 581 - OJT / FP : On Job Training OR
Training OR 04
Field Project
Field Project
NOTE :
1. Major Core = ( ZOO - 551 - MJ to ZOO - 555 - MJ = 10
14
C + ZOO - 556 - MJP to ZOO - 557 - MJP = 4C )
( Major Core of 10 + 4 = 14 Credits are Compulsory ).
2. Major Elective = Students can choose any two courses
from ( ZOO - 560 - MJ to ZOO - 564 - MJ ) equivalent to 4
2 + 2 = 4 Credits.
3. On Job Training OR Field Project ( ZOO - 581 - OJT /
4
FP ) is compulsory for all students.
Total 22

9
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Year Level Semester III

Course Subject Credits
ZOO - 601 - MJ : Animal Physiology – I / 04
Entomology – I / Genetics – I
ZOO - 602 - MJ : Physiology of Reproduction 02
ZOO - 603 - MJ : Developmental Biology 02
ZOO - 604 - MJ : Insect Physiology & 02
Major Biochemistry
Core ZOO - 605 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Animal Physiology – I / 02
Entomology – I / Genetics – I
ZOO - 606 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Physiology of Reproduction 02
and Insect Physiology &
Biochemistry
ZOO - 610 - MJ : Applied Genetics 02
ZOO - 611 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in 02
Major Applied Genetics
2 6.5
Elective ZOO - 612 - MJ : Animal Behaviour 02
ZOO - 613 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in 02
Animal Behaviour
Research ZOO - 631 - RP : Research Project 04
Project
NOTE :
1. Major Core = ( ZOO - 601 - MJ to ZOO - 604 - MJ = 10 C +
14
ZOO - 605 - MJP to ZOO - 606 - MJP = 4C ) ( Major Core
of 10 + 4 = 14 Credits are Compulsory ).
2. Major Elective = Students can choose any two courses from
( ZOO - 610 - MJ to ZOO - 613 - MJ ) equivalent to 2 + 2 = 04
4 Credits.
3. ZOO - 631 - RP : Research Project is compulsory for all
04
students.
Total 22

10
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Year Level Semester IV

Course Subject Credits
ZOO - 651 - MJ : Animal Physiology – II /
04
Entomology – II / Genetics – II
ZOO - 652 - MJ : Ecology and Evolution 02
ZOO - 653 - MJ : Environmental Biology 02
Major ZOO - 654 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Core Animal Physiology – II / 02
Entomology – II / Genetics – II
ZOO - 655 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
Ecology, Evolution and 02
Environmental Biology
ZOO - 660 - MJ : Applied Entomology 02
ZOO - 661 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
02
Major Applied Entomology
2 6.5 Elective ZOO - 662 - MJ : Immunology 02
ZOO - 663 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in
02
Immunology
Research
ZOO - 681 - RP : Research Project 06
Project
NOTE :
1. Major Core = ( ZOO - 651 - MJ to ZOO - 653 - MJ = 8 C +
12
ZOO - 654 - MJP to ZOO - 655 - MJP = 4C ) (Major Core
of 8 + 4 = 12 Credits are Compulsory).
2. Major Elective = Students can choose any two courses from
( ZOO - 660 - MJ to ZOO - 663 - MJ ) equivalent to 2 + 2 = 04
4 Credits.
3. ZOO - 681 - RP : Research Project is compulsory for all
06
students.
Total 22

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Program outcomes (POs) :

After successfully completing the M. Sc. Zoology program students will be able to :

1. Identify a range of invertebrates and vertebrates and justify their conservation.

2. Analyse the relationships of animals with abiotic factors and different biotic factors
like plants and microbes. They will able to identify the species based on molecular
taxonomy.
3. Apply the knowledge of Zoology, Life Sciences and allied subjects for the
understanding of complex life processes and phenomena.
4. Identify, review research literature and analyse complex situations of living forms.
5. Design concepts that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health, safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
6. Propose hypothesis, formulate tests, use various modern instruments for biological
analysis, data collection, field surveys, interprets the data and find answers.
7. Distinguishes different ecosystems based on biological, chemical and physical
features; correlates the morphology, physiology and behaviour with the properties of
habitat.
8. Utilize research-based knowledge and research methods including design of
experiments, analysis and interpretation of data and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions in real situations.
9. Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and ICT tools for
understanding of the subject.
10. Illustrate the impact of natural and anthropogenic activities in societal and
environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge and need for sustainable
development.
11. To sensitized regarding the ethical principles, professional ethics, responsibilities and
norms of permission from the concerned agencies regarding animal experimentation
and collection of biological resources.
12. Exhibits management skills in applied branches of Zoology like Vermiculture,
Apiculture, Sericulture, Aquaculture, Agriculture, Entomology etc.
13. Elaborate knowledge and understanding of Zoology and management principles and
apply these to one‟s own work, as a member and leader in a team.

12
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Title of the Course : M. Sc. (Zoology)

SEMESTER - III

ZOO - 601 - MJP : Animal Physiology – I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :
After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Understand homeostasis and regulation as well as Biological clock and their regulation.
CO 2: Illustrate bioluminescence and animal electricity with examples and its significance.
CO 3: Explain regulation of total body energy balance.
CO 4: Explain Haematopoiesis, blood clotting, the anatomy and physiology of heart, cardiac
cycle, nervous and hormonal control of heart.
CO 5: Explain the structure of muscles, mechanism of muscle contraction, types and diseases
of bones.
CO 6: Understand nervous excitation as well as structure & disorders of eye.
CO 7: Acquire the knowledge of anatomy & working of nervous system.
CO 8: Understand various reflexes related to physiology of animals.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Environmental physiology :
1.1 Internal environment: extracellular and intracellular environment.
1.2 Homeostasis and regulation: tolerance and resistance,
1. acclimatization and acclimation, molecular mechanism of thermal 6
acclimation in poikilotherms.
1.3 Biological clock and their regulation: circadian rhythms, lunar
and tidal rhythm, circa annual rhythm, photoperiodism.
2. Bioluminescence and animal electricity : 6

13
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

2.1 Phyletic distribution, structure of luminescent organs,

biochemical and molecular mechanism.
2.2 Animal electricity: electro receptors, electro organs: structure
and functions.
Regulation of total body energy balance :
3.1 Basic concept of energy expenditure and caloric balance:
determinants of metabolic rate, total body energy balance, control
3. 6
of food intakes, obesity, and anorexia nervosa.
3.2 Regulation of body temperature: heat production, heat loss
mechanism.
Circulation :
4.1 Haematopoiesis, hemostasis, blood clotting and its molecular
mechanism.
4. 8
4.2 Heart: Electric activity of heart, pace maker spreading of cardinal
capillary, action potential of cardiac cells, mechanism of cardiac
cycle, heart sound, nervous and hormonal control of heart.
Musculo-Skeletal System :
5.1 Structure of skeletal muscle and molecular basis of skeletal
muscle contraction and chemical basis of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction.
5. 5.2 Innervation of muscles, excitation and contraction coupling. 10
5.3 Structure and function of bones, types of bone, bone marking,
healing of bones.
5.4 Diseases of bones: osteoporosis, Paget‟s disease, rickets and
osteomalacia, osteomyelitis.
Special Senses :
6.1 Structure of eye, physiology of eye sight, extra ocular muscle of
eye, accessory organs of eye.
6.2 Disorders of eye: inflammatory conditions, glaucoma, cataract,
6. 6
refactoring errors of the eye.
6.3 Structure of ear, physiology of hearing, balance and equilibrium.
6.4 Disorders of ear: hearing loss, ear infection, labyrinthitis,
motion sickness.

14
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Nervous excitation :
7.1 Definition: impulse, stimulation, conduction, response, EEG,
epilepsy.
7.2 Response of nervous tissue to injury, head injury, cerebral
hypoxia, stroke, dementia, parkinson‟s.
7.3 Gross neuro anatomy of the brain and spinal cord.
7. 11
7.4 Neural control of muscle tone and posture.
7.5 Neurotransmitter type and receptors.
7.6 Metabolism of neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, synapse and
neuronal integration, origin and conduction of nerve impulse.
7.8 Impact of drug and disease or synaptic transmission.
7.9 Integration of nervous and endocrine control.
Control of body movement :
8.1 Overview of the motor system: voluntary and involuntary
actions.
8.2 Local control of motor neurons.
8.3 Length monitoring system and the stretch reflex: alpha- gamma
8. 7
coactivation.
8.4 Tension monitoring system.
8.5 Descending pathway -
A. Cortico-spinal pathway.
B. Multi neuronal pathway.

Suggested Readings :
1. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment (1997) Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press.
2. Human physiology: the mechanism of body function (1986): Arthur J. Yander, JAMES H
Sherman, Dorothys Luciano,4th edition McGraw; Hill international edition.
3. Principles of Animal Physiology (2006), C. D. Moyes and P. M. Schulte. Publisher -
Pearson Education Inc. and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.
4. Text book of Medical Physiology 10th edition (2001), A. C. Guyton and J. E. Hall.
Publisher - W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

15
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition (2006), G. J. Tortora and B.

Derrickson. Publisher-John Wiley and Sons Inc.
6. Endocrinology, 5th edition (2008), Mac. E. Hadley. Publisher-Pearson Education Inc. and
Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.
7. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1998), P. J. Bentley. Publisher
Cambridge University Press.
8. Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1997), D. O. Norris. Publisher- Academic Press:
An imprint of Elsevier.
9. The World of the Cell, 7th edition, (2005), Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J. Kleinsmith, Jeff
Hardin., Publisher - Benjamin Cummings.
10. Animal Physiology, Third Edition (2012) Richard W. Hill, Gordon A. Wyse, Margaret
Anderson.
11. Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals 4th Edition (2009) William
O. Reece.
12. Animal Physiology 2nd Edition Richard W. Hill Publisher: Sinauer Associates,
Incorporated.
13. Eckert's Animal Physiology (2004) Roger Eckert, D.J. Randall, Warren Burggren,
Kathleen French Publisher: W. H. Freeman & Co Ltd.
14. Principles of Animal Physiology (2013) Christopher D. Moyes, Patricia M. Schulte •
Publisher: Pearson Education Limited.
15. Environmental Physiology of Animals (2004) Pat Wilmer, Graham Stone, Ian Johnston •
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
16. Introduction to Animal Physiology (1998) Ian Kay Publisher: Bios Scientific Publishers
Ltd.
17. Comparative Animal Physiology - Prosser C. L.
18. Text book of physiology: George H. Bell Donald Emslie Smith Colin Paterson Tenth
Edition The English language book society and Churchill Livingstone.
19. Animal physiology Adaptations and environment Knut Schmidt –Nielsen fourth edition
Cambridge university press Cambridge New York port Chester Melbourne Sydney.
20. Animal physiology Mechanisms and Adaptations Third Edition Roger Eckert E.H.
Freeman and Company, New York.
21. General and Comparative Physiology Third Edition Wiliam S.Hoar prantice –Hall of
India New Delhi 110015.

16
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 601 - MJP : Entomology - I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :
After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Understand origin and evolution of insects and their relation to other arthropods.
CO 2: Classify insects up to family with distinguishing characters and examples of each order
and family.
CO 3: Explain the structure, chemical composition and functions of Integument and
Derivatives of Integument.
CO 4: Explain the structure of insect body regions and their appendages.
CO 5: Identify different modifications in Antennae, Wings, and Legs of an insect.
CO 6: Understand the Comparative anatomical and histological structure of various body
systems.
CO 7: Explain the location structure and functions of various Endocrine and Exocrine glands.
CO 8: Explain the location and structure of Light and Sound producing organs in various
insects.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Introduction to Entomology :
1.1 Definition & scope.
1. 4
1.2 Origin, evolution and inter-relationship of insects with other
arthropods.
Classification of insects up to Family :
2.1 Importance of Taxonomic keys.
2. 2.2 Apterygote insects. (4 orders) 19
2.3 Exopterygote insects. (16 orders)
2.4 Endopterygote insects. (9 orders)

17
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Integument :
3. 3.1 Structure, chemical composition and functions. 2
3.2 Derivatives of integument: cuticular appendages & processes.
Comparative study of :
4.1 Head - orientations & articulations and its appendages - antenna,
mouth parts; compound eye - structure, modifications & functions.
4. 4.2 Thorax and its appendages: wing & leg - structure, modifications 9
& functions.
4.3 Abdomen and its appendages - pre genital and genital
appendages.
Comparative anatomical and histological study of the followings :
5.1 Digestive system.
5.2 Respiratory system.
5.3 Circulatory system.
5. 20
5.4 Excretory system.
5.5 Reproductive system.
5.6 Nervous system.
5.7 Sense organs.

6. Endocrine and exocrine glands and hormonal action. 4

7. Light and sound producing organs. 2

Suggested Readings :
1. A Text book of Entomology, H. H. Ross, John Wiley and Sons, Ins. New York.
2. An Introduction to Entomology, J. H. Comstock, Ithaca, New York.
3. General & Applied Entomology, K. K. Nayar, T.N. Anathakrishnan & B.V. David,
Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
4. General Entomology, 2nd edition, M.S. Mani Oxford & IBH Publishing Company,
New Delhi.
5. Imm‟s text book of entomology, Vol. I and II, O. W. Richards and R. G. Davies,
Methuen and com, London.
6. Introduction to comparative Entomology, R. M .Fox and J. W. Fox, Reinhold, New
York.

18
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

7. Modern Entomology, 2nd edition, D. B. Tembhare, Himalaya Publication House,

Mumbai.
8. Principles of insect morphology, R. E. Snodgrass, Tata Mc-Graw Hill, Mumbai.
9. The Insect: Structure & Function, R. F. Chapman, E.L.B.S. & E.U.P., London.

ZOO - 601 - MJ : Genetics – I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :
After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1 : The course gives detailed idea about applications of genetics in different areas.
CO 2 : To understand genetic engineering and its tools, components involved in cloning and
recombinant gene technology.
CO 3: Understand the fundamentals of Mendelian genetics and the extensions of his
principles.
CO 5: Comprehend the principles of genetics in the level of genes and molecules.
CO 6: Able to learn the genetic and molecular basis of sex determination and dosage
compensation.
CO 7: Provide historic overview of evolutionary thought and how a fully formed evolutionary
theory was put-forth, learn the forces that drive evolution and their mode of action in
the level of population.
CO 8: Know the various isolation mechanisms and their role in speciation.
CO 9: Familiarize the students with mode of action of evolution in molecular level.
CO 10: To build strong understanding of the process of gene regulation in prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
CO 11: Introduce the students to emerging fields such as epigenetics and the epigenetic
regulation of gene expression.
CO 12: Build strong foundation to the microbial model organisms used in genetic research.
CO 13: Introduce the students to fundamental of inheritance and pattern of inheritance.
19
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Basic genetics :
1.1 Mendelism and extension of Mendelism.
1.2 Chi-square test and its application in analysis of genetic data.
1.3 Fine structure of gene :
Evolution of gene concept - definition of factors, alleles, multiple
alleles, pseudoalleles, beadle and tatum‟s one gene one enzyme
concept, one gene one polypeptide concept, complementation test,
intragenic complementation, Cistron, Recon and Muton e.g. lz gene
in Drosophila (Lozenge gene), rII locus in T4 phage.
1.4 Quantitative genetics :
Polygenic inheritance, concept of continuous variation, phenotypic
1. 14
variance and its partitioning into subcomponents, QTL, co-variance,
correlation and regression, degree of genetic determination,
measurement of heritability, quantitative inheritance in humans.
1.5 Concept of linkage :
Experiments of Bateson and Punnet, Morgans experiment, genetic
recombination and construction of linkage maps in Drosophila,
interference and coincidence, mitotic recombination.
1.6 Extranuclear inheritance :
Organelle heredity: chloroplast-variegation in 4'o clock plant;
mitochondria- petite in Saccharomyces, maternal effect- shell coiling
in Limnaea, cytoplasmic inheritance - Paramecium (Kappa Particle).
Microbial genetics :
2.1 Bacterial genome organization, recombination in bacteria and
gene mapping.
2.2 Methods of gene transfer in bacteria :
2. 6
Transformation - natural transformation systems, mechanism, gene
mapping by transformation, chemical-mediated and electro-
transformation; conjugation - nature of donor strains and
compatibility, interrupted mating and temporal mapping, Hfr, F12

20
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

heteroduplex analysis, chromosome transfer in other bacteria; gene

mapping using conjugation data; transduction - generalized and
specialized transduction; gene mapping by specialized transduction,
abortive transduction.
Advanced Population Genetics :
3.1 Recapitulation of basic concepts :
Mendelian Population (gene pool , allele and genotype frequencies,
Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium and its applications).
3.2 Evolutionary forces and estimation of gene frequencies in
population through mathematical derivations : mutation, migration,
selection (types of selection, selection coefficient, selection in
3. natural populations and strategies of selection), selection-mutation 8
equilibrium.
3.3 Exercises for solving problems based on 3.2.
3.4 Assortative mating, inbreeding and genetic drift.
3.5 Inbreeding and heterosis :
Measurement of inbreeding –inbreeding coefficient, panmictic index,
inbreeding pedigree: path diagram construction and problem solving,
assortative and disruptive mating, heterosis.
Evolutionary Genetics :
4.1 Polymorphism :
Chromosomal, DNA and allozyme polymorphism in natural
population, adaptive genetic polymorphism, balanced polymorphism
and heterosis, genetic coadaptation.
4. 4.2 Molecular evolution : 8
Patterns of change in nucleotide and amino acid sequences,
molecular clock, neutral theory of molecular evolution, conversion
of genetic distance into divergence time, kinds of molecular data
used in phylogenetic analysis, phylogenetic considerations based on
nucleotide and amino acid data, construction of phylogenetic tree.
Molecular genetics :
5. 5.1 Recapitulation of central dogma. 8
5.2 Regulation of gene expression :

21
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Regulation of transcription initiation: operon and regulon, positive

and negative regulation, enhancers and promoters, transcription
factors: types, DNA binding motifs, regulation by attenuation and
anti-termination, post transcriptional regulation: alternative splicing,
transport and targeting of RNA, post-transcriptional gene silencing,
translational control and targeting of proteins, mechanism of steroid
hormone and stress induced gene expressions.
5.3 Epigenetics :
Introduction to concept and definition of epigenetics and epigenetic
memory, epigenetic landscape, molecular basis of epigenetics - DNA
methylation, histone modifications, non-coding rnas, applications of
epigenetics.
Principles of genetic engineering :
6.1 Historical perspective, concept and significance.
6.2 A basic layout of R-DNA laboratory.
6.3 Molecular tools used in recombinant DNA technology :
DNA modifying enzymes – restriction enzymes, ligases,
polymerases, alkaline phosphatases, nucleases (mode of actions &
6. 6
applications).
6.4 Vectors used in recombinant DNA technology :
Plasmids and plasmid vectors, phages and phage vectors, phagemids,
cosmids, artificial chromosome vectors (YAC, BAC, HAC), shuttle
vectors and expression vector cloning hosts (E. coli, Saccharomyces,
plant and animals cells).
Basic Human genetics :
7.1 History of human genetics.
7.2 Pedigree :
Gathering family history, pedigree symbols, construction of
7. pedigrees, analysis of inheritance patterns : autosomal inheritance- 10
dominant & recessive, monogenic traits (sex linked inheritance, sex
limited & sex-influenced traits, mitochondrial traits), MIM number.
7.3 Presentation of molecular genetic data in pedigrees.
7.4 Complications to the basic pedigree patterns- non penetrance,

22
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

variable expressivity, pleiotropy, late onset, dominance problems,

genetic heterogeneity, genomic imprinting & uniparental disomy,
spontaneous mutations, mosaicism & chimerism, male lethality, X-
inactivation.
7.5 Mechanism of genetic sex determination in humans, dosage
compensation, genomic imprinting.
7.6 Genetic basis of male infertility, genetic basis of female
infertility, genetics of pregnancy loss.
7.7 Embryonic stem cells and their applications.

Suggested Readings :

1. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis – A.J.F. Griffiths, J. Doebley, C. Peichel, D.A.

Wassarman (12th ed.) W.H. Freeman Publ. 2020.
2. Concepts of Genetics – W.S. Klug and M.R. Cummings (12th ed.) Pearson Publ.
2019.
3. Genetics : A conceptual approach – B.A. Pierce (6th ed.) W.H. Freeman Publ. 2016.
4. Lewin‟s GENES XII – J.E. Krebs, E.S. Goldstein, S.T. Kilpatrick. Jones and Bartlett
Publ. 2018.
5. Human Molecular Genetics – T. Strachan and A. Read (5th ed.) Garland Science Publ.
2018.
6. Genetics – M.W. Strickberger (3rd ed.) Pearson India Publ. 2015.
7. Principles of Genetics – E.J. Gardner, M.J. Simmons, D.P. Snustad (8th ed.) John
Wiley & Sons 2006.
8. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes – D.L. Hartl and E.W. Jones (6th ed.) Jones
& Bartlett Publ. 2004.
9. Strickberger‟s Evolution – B. Hall (4th ed.) Jones and Bartlett Publ. 2008.
10. Gene Cloning: An introduction, Brown, T. A. 1995, Chapman and Hall, London.
11. Genomes 3, Brown T. A. 2007, Garland Science Publishing, New York.
12. Genes VIII, Lewin, B 2003, Oxford University Press. Oxford.
13. Molecular Biology of Gene V Edition, Watson, J. D., T. A. Baker S. P. Bell, A Cann,
M. Levine and R. Losick, 2004, Pearson Education RH Ltd. India.

23
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 602 - MJ : Physiology of Reproduction

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 02 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Explain the male and female reproductive systems.

CO 2: Understand reproductive patterns.
CO 3: Understand the sexual cycles with examples.
CO 4: Illustrate the process of fertilization.
CO 5: Explain the hormonal regulation in pregnancy.
CO 6: Describe the hormonal co-ordination of reproductive processes.
CO 7: Know the artificial control of reproduction.
CO 8: Understand process of placenta formation, lactation, parturition, etc.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Reproductive Systems :
1.1 Anatomy of male reproductive system, accessory organs and
their function spermatogenesis, function of sertoli cells, blood testis
1. barriers, leydig cell, capacitation, functions of androgens. 6
1.2 Anatomy of female reproductive system, female duct - system,
external genitalia, mammary gland, oogenesis : process and
hormonal control.
Reproductive patterns : Environmental factors and breeding,
2. 2
continuous and seasonal breeders.
Sexual cycles :
3.1 Puberty, oestrous and menstrual cycles and its hormonal
3. 4
regulation.
3.2 Ovarian cycle and its hormonal regulation, cycling of non-

24
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

pregnant uterus and vagina.

Hormonal regulation :
GnRH, pituitary gonadotropins, behavioural effects, testicular
4. hormones, testosterone derivatives, inhibin, ovarian hormones 4
pituitary gonadal axis, oestrogen, progesterone‟s feedback
relationships, prostaglandins and their role in reproduction.
Fertilization :
5.1 Gamete transportation.
5.2 Pregnancy: conception and blastocyst formation.
5. 5.3 Implantation and delayed implantation. 4
5.4 Hormonal regulation in pregnancy.
5.5 Artificial reproductive physiology : Test tube, IVF, ZIFT, GIFT,
TET, POST.
6. Formation, types and functions of placenta. 2
Parturition, birth process, Ferguson reflex, neuroendocrine
7. 2
control, purperium.
Lactation :
8.1 Anatomy and growth of mammary glands, lactogenesis and
8. 2
galactopoiesis.
8.2 Hormonal regulation and suckling reflex.
9. Reproductive dysfunctions : Aging and reproduction. 1
Artificial birth control :
10.1 Increasing reproductive potential, artificial insemination, in
10. vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, induced breeding. 3
10.2 Physical, physiological, surgical, chemical methods of
contraception in male & female. Infertility - its causes and treatment.

Suggested Readings :

1. Austin C. R. and Short R. V., Reproduction in mammals Books 1-5, Univ. of

Cambridge.
2. Hogarth P. H. Biology of Reproduction, Blackie and Son, Glasgow, London.
3. Nalbandov, A.V., Reproductive Physiology, Lea and Febiger ,Philadelphia.
4. Turner and Bagnara .General Endocrinology Sixth Edition, W.B. Saunders Company.

25
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 603 - MJ : Developmental Biology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 02 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand advantages and disadvantages of different model organisms used in

research.
CO 2: Learn the processes of organogenesis.
CO 3: Understand mechanism of vertebrate eye development.
CO 4: Acquire the knowledge of molecular signaling during neural induction.
CO 5: Acquire the knowledge of post embryonic development such as apoptosis, aging and
senescence.
CO 6: Understand importance of environmental cues in normal animals development.
CO 7: Understand the mechanism of evolutionary changes.
CO 8: Learn the concept of teratogen and different abnormalities caused by teratogens.

Detailed syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Introduction to Developmental biology & Model systems :
1.1 Invertebrates : Drosophila melanogaster.
1.2 Pisces : Zebra fish - Danio rerio.
1. 5
1.3 Amphibians : African clawed frog - Xenopus laevis.
1.4 Birds : Chicken.
1.5 Mammals : Mouse.
Organogenesis :
2.1 Neural competence and molecular signaling during neural
2. Induction. 6
2.2 Development of neural tube in chick.
2.3 Primary and secondary neurulation.

26
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

2.4 Development of tetrapod limb : Formation of limb bud,

generating the proximal distal axis of limb.
2.5 Development of vertebrate eye.
Environmental regulation of normal development :
3.1 Environmental cues and normal development.
3.2 Predictable environmental differences as cues for development.
3. 5
3.3 Phenotypic plasticity : Polyphenism and reaction norms,
predator induced defenses.
3.4 Mammalian immunity as a predator - induced response.
Programmed cell death, aging and senescence :
4.1 Apoptosis.
4.2 Pathways of apoptosis : Intrinsic and extrinsic.
4. 5
4.3 Aging and senescences : Programmed theory, telomeric theory,
free radical theory.
4.4 Promoting longevity : Role of telomerase.
Developmental mechanism of evolutionary change :
5.1 Mechanism of evolutionary change : Heterotopy, heterochrony,
heterometry, heterotypy.
5. 4
5.2 Developmental constraints on evolution – Physical,
morphogenetic and phyletic.
5.3 Modularity of development : Duffy blood group substance.
Teratogenesis :
 6.1 Alcohol.
 6.2 Diabetes.
6.  6.3 Thyroid conditions. 5
 6.4 Autoimmune diseases.
 6.5 Thalidomide.
 6.6 Folic acid antagonists.

Suggested Readings :
1. Developmental Biology, R. M. Twyman, Publisher - Bios Scientific, Publishers Ltd.
(2001).
2. An Introduction to Embryology, 5th edition, B. I. Balinsky. Publisher – Thomas Asia
Pvt. Ltd. (2004).
27
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

3. Principles of Development, 5th edition, Lewis Wolpert, Publisher- Oxford, University

Press. (2018).
4. Developmental Biology, 12th edition, Michael J Barresi and S.F. Gilbert. Publisher –
Sinauer, Associates Inc. (2020).
5. Analysis of Biological Development, 2nd edition, Klaus Kalthoff, McGraw Hill
Science / Engineering / Math. (2000).

ZOO - 604 - MJ : Insect Physiology & Biochemistry

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 02 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Explain the structure, chemistry and functions of various systems of insects.

CO 2: Explain and understand the process of excretion, detoxification and water balance.
CO 3: Elaborate the role of insect hormones in physiological processes.
CO 4: Describe the structure, physiology and biochemistry of flight muscle.
CO 5: Describe the process of protein, carbohydrate, lipid digestion and metabolism in insect
body.
CO 6: Explain the characteristics of haemolymph and types of haemocytes.
CO 7: Understand the endocrine system and various hormones.
CO 8: Understand the process of insecticide degradation and detoxification.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Insect Integument :
1.1 Structure.
1. 3
1.2 Chemistry.
1.3 Sclerotization.

28
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

1.4 Functions.
Digestion and absorption of Biomolecules :
2.1 Proteins.
2. 3
2.2 Carbohydrates.
2.3 Lipids.
Fat body :
3.1 Structure.
3. 3.2 Physiology and biochemistry. 4
3.3 Functions.
3.4 Integration of carbohydrate, fat and acid metabolism.
Ventilatory system :
4. 4.1 Ventilatory mechanisms. 3
4.2 Control of ventilation.
Haemolymph :
5.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of plasma.
5. 3
5.2 Types and structure of haemocytes.
5.3 Functions.
Muscles :
6. 6.1 Structure. 3
6.2 Physiology and biochemistry of flight muscles.
Excretion and water balance :
7. 7.1 Structure and function of malpighian tubules. 4
7.2 Water balance and nitrogen excretion.
Endocrines and neurosecretory hormones :
8.1 Chemistry, physiology and functions.
8. 8.2 Mechanism of hormone action. 4
8.3 Moulting and juvenile hormones.
8.4 Other peptide and steroid hormones.
9. Insecticide degradation and detoxification. 3

Suggested Readings :

1. Fundamentals of insect physiology, Blum N.S., John Wiley and sons, NY.
2. An introduction to insect physiology, Bursell, e. academic press, NY.

29
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

3. Insect biochemistry and function Candy D.J. and Kilby D.A. Chapman and hall,
London.
4. Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology, Kerkut G.A and
Gilbert L.I., Vol 1 to 13 Pergamon press, Oxford, NY.
5. The Insects: Structure and Function. Forth ed., Chapman R. F. (1998), Cambridge
University Press, UK.
6. Insect Physiology. Prakash, M. (2008), Discovery Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
7. Physiological Systems in Insects. Second ed., Klowden, Marc (2007), Elsevier, USA.
8. The Principles of Insect Physiology, Seventh ed. Wigglesworth, V.B. (1972),
Chapman and Hall, London.

ZOO - 605 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Animal Physiology – I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Understand the electro organs, their structure and function.

CO 2: Assess the effect of starvation on liver and muscle glycogen in given animal.
CO 3: Understand the effect of exercise on breathing, pulse rate and blood lactate level.
CO 4: Demonstrate the effect of pH, temperature and inhibitors on salivary amylase.
CO 5: Map the taste buds on human tongue.
CO 6: Understand different diseases of bone.
CO 7: Estimate the blood alkaline and acid phosphatase.
CO 8: Understand effect of adrenaline, acetylcholine and atropine on heart.

30
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Detailed Syllabus :
Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Study of electro organs : structure and function. 1P

2. Study of osmotic stress and volume change in earthworm. 1P

3. Study of digestive enzymes in the gut of cockroach. (Compulsory) 1P

4. Study of digestive enzyme from hepatopancreas of crab / liver of 2P

rat.
5. Estimation of the blood chloride in crab and acclimation to 2P
different osmotic concentrations. (Compulsory)
6. Study of total RBC count. (Compulsory) 1P

7. Study of total WBC count and differential count of WBC. 2P

(Compulsory)
8. Estimation blood alkaline and acid phosphatase. 1P
9. Estimation of salivary amylase and maltase. (Compulsory) 1P
10. Absorption spectra of blood pigment. (Compulsory) 1P
11. Study of heart - Myogenic and neurogenic. 1P
12. Study of bone diseases – Osteoporosis & Rickets. 1P

13. Study the effect of exercise in breathing rate, pulse rate and blood
1P
lactase in human. (Compulsory)
14. Study the effect of adrenaline, acetylcholine and atropine on 2P
rat/crab heart. (Compulsory)
15. Mapping of test area on human tongue. (Compulsory) 1P

ZOO - 605 - MJP : Lab Exercises in Entomology - I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand different collection methods for collecting insects.

31
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 2: Perform various insect preservation techniques for further study.

CO 3: Identify and classify insect orders with the help of their morphological features.
CO 4: Could dissect the insect to observe its body systems and can mount mouthparts, leg,
wings, etc.
CO 5: Identify type of mouth parts, antenna, legs and wings of insects.
CO 6: Learn about head orientations, articulations, and appendages with respect to their
functions.
CO 7: Know about insect abdominal appendages and their significance.
CO 8: The knowledge acquired and skill developed in the field of entomology will help in
increasing farmer‟s income, better human health and decreased environmental
pollution as well as meet out the future challenges in health and agricultural sectors.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Method of collection, preservation & presentation of insects.
1. 2P
(Compulsory)
Study of Taxonomy and diagnostic features up to family of
2. Apterygote, Exopterygote and Endopterygote insects (at least one 6P
insect from each order). (Compulsory - 3)
Study of systematic position, habit, habitat and important
3. morphological features of generalized insect – Grasshopper / 2P
Cockroach.
Dissection of generalized insect (Grasshopper / Cockroach) so as
4. 2P
to study its digestive and nervous systems. (Compulsory)
Dissection of generalized insect (Grasshopper / Cockroach) so as
5. to study its reproductive system and retro-cerebral complex. 2P
(Compulsory)
Temporary mounting of mouth parts, antenna, legs, wings,
6. 1P
spiracles and tympanum of a generalized insect. (Compulsory)
Dissection of an insect pest (Plant bug or any insect pest as per
7. local availability and legal permissibility) so as to study the 3P
taxonomy, diagnostic features and anatomy pertaining to digestive,

32
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

nervous and reproductive systems.

Study of head capsule: Structure, head orientations and
8. 1P
modifications.
9. Study of types of mouthparts and antennae. (Compulsory) 1P
a) Study of general structure of legs and their modifications.
10. b) Study of general structure of a wing and its modifications. 2P
(Compulsory)
11. Study of abdominal appendages. 1P
Compulsory visit to Wildlife Sanctuary/ National Park/ Zoo.
12. 3P
Preparation of report and submission.

ZOO - 605 - MJP : Lab Exercises in Genetics - I

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Construction of pedigree and its application in genetic counseling.

CO 2: Introduce students to various databases and their importance.
CO 3: Hands-on experimentation of genetic crosses of Drosophila population as well as
simulator software to understand the effect of evolutionary forces.
CO 4: Use of Drosophila as model organism to learn the various inheritance patterns through
hands-on experiments.
CO 5: Induction and demonstration of heat shock proteins.
CO 6: Establishment and maintenance of bacterial culture and basic staining.
CO 7: Induction and demonstration of mutation in bacteria.
CO 8: Hands - on experimentation of bacterial conjugation to understand gene transfer
method.

33
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Analysis of metric traits and estimation of phenotypic variance.
1. 1P
(Compulsory)
Partitioning of phenotypic variance in genetic and non-genetic
2. 1P
components in a simulated population. Estimation of DGD.
Detection of polymorphism in a population (Biochemical-
3. 2P
enzyme).
To study population cage experiments using Drosophila :
Experimental simulation and modelling.
4. 1P
A) Genetic Drift.
B) Artificial selection.
To study population cage experiments using Drosophila -
Experimental simulation and modeling.
5. 1P
A) Mutation.
B) Migration.
Study of extraction of genomic DNA from Drosophila.
6. 2P
(Compulsory)
7. Study agarose gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA of Drosophila. 2P
8. Study methodology for constructing human pedigree. 1P
Study analysis and construction of typical pedigree for AR, AD,
9. sex-linked recessive and sex linked dominant, mitochondrial 1P
inheritance patterns.
10. Study concept of genetic disorder databases. 1P
11. Demonstration of use of OMIM. 1P
Study Puff induction in polytene chromosome in Drosophila /
12. 2P
Induction and demonstration of heat shock proteins. (Compulsory)
Culture establishment and initiation, gram staining, and growth
13. curve of any one - gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 2P
(Compulsory)
14. Study of growth curve of cultured bacteria and calculation of 2P

34
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

doubling time. (Compulsory)

15. To estimate 1% U.V. survivorship rate in bacteria. 2P
Study of culturing Antibiotic resistant donor bacteria strain and
16. 2P
antibiotic susceptible bacteria. (Compulsory)
Study of Bacterial gene (antibiotic resistance marker) transfer by
17. 2P
conjugation.
Study of autosomal gene inheritance (monohybrid crosses and
dihybrid crosses using vestigial and sepia mutants along with wild-
18. 2P
type flies for F1 and F2 generations) and Chi-square analysis of
data of progeny.
Study of morphological diversity– wing, sex comb, genital plate
19. 1P
and bristles in D. melanogaster, D. ananassae, D. nasuta.
20. Study of population genetics problems. (Compulsory) 1P
Study of genetic variation in natural population - beak shape,
21. colour pattern in lady beetle, flower colour variation, mimicry- 1P
butterfly and orchid flowers, metroglyph analysis. (Compulsory)
Culturing of Drosophila for isolation of female virgin flies.
22. 2P
(Compulsory)

ZOO - 606 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Physiology of Reproduction and

Insect Physiology & Biochemistry
Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II III Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand anatomy and histology of male and female reproductive system in rat /
mouse.
CO 2: Learn how to examine vaginal smears.
CO 3: Understand types of placenta and uterine muscles.

35
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 4: Know about various contraceptive devices and their importance.

CO 5: Asses effect of temperature on water loss in Cockroach.
CO 6: Understand the role of amylase in Cockroach.
CO 7: Estimate oxygen consumption in dragon fly nymph.
CO 8: Understand the heart and haemocytes of Cockroach.
CO 9: Determine the trehalase activity in haemolymph of an insect.

Detailed Syllabus :
Minimum 7 practicals should be conducted from Physiology of Reproduction and 8 practicals
from Insect Physiology & Biochemistry.
Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Physiology of Reproduction
Study of anatomy of male and female reproductive system in rat /
1. 1P
mouse. (Compulsory)
Study of histological slides of male reproductive organs -Testis,
2. Vas deferens, Epididymis, Prostate, Seminal vesicle, Cowper‟s 2P
gland. (Compulsory)
Study of histological slides of female reproductive organs - Ovary,
3. 1P
Uterus, fallopian tube. (Compulsory)
4. Study of Vaginal smear technique in Rat. 1P
5. Study of placental types. (Compulsory) 1P
6. Study of Uterine smooth muscles. 1P
7. Study of contraceptive devices. (Compulsory) 1P
8. Visit to artificial insemination Centre and family planning centre. 2P
Insect Physiology & Biochemistry
1. Estimation of amylase in midgut of Cockroach. (Compulsory) 1P
Study the effect of temperature on water loss in Cockroach.
2. 1P
(Compulsory)
Perform Von Wisselinghs test for presence of chitin in insect
3. 1P
cuticle. (Compulsory)
Estimation of Oxygen consumption in dragon fly nymph.
4. 2P
(Compulsory)

36
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Estimation of Amino acid in haemolymph of any insect by

5. 2P
chromatographic technique. (Compulsory)
6. Study of fat body glycogen of cockroach and effect of starvation. 1P
7. Study of heart and haemocytes of Cockroach. (Compulsory) 1P
Determination of the trehalase activity in haemolymph of any
8. 1P
insect.

ZOO - 610 - MJ : Applied Genetics

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II IV 02 02 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: The students will learn the process of isolation of gene.

CO 2: Explain the different genome project with their significance.
CO 3: Able to solve the pedigree analysis.
CO 4: Explain the DNA fingerprinting, Gene and stem therapy technique.
CO 5: The student will be able to understand the technique of microbial genetics.
CO 6: The students learn the types and applications of molecular markers.
CO 7: Understand the somatic cell genetics.
CO 8: The student will be aware about the genetic counseling.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Genetic engineering : Objectives, tools, gene cloning and gene
1. 4
isolation.
Genomics : Scope and importance, genome projects - E. coli, yeast,
2. 4
Drosophila and human.

37
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Human genetic diseases : Types, pedigree analysis, inheritance

3. 6
patterns, diagnosis – non invasive and invasive method.
Methods and applications of DNA fingerprinting, gene therapy,
4. 3
stem cell therapy.
5. Genetic counselling and DNA barcoding. 2
Microbial genetics : Methods of genetic transfers – transformation,
6. 3
conjugation, transduction.
Molecular markers : Types of molecular markers , applications in
7. discerning polymorphism, germplasm characterization, gene 6
tagging, disease diagnostics.
8. Somatic cell genetics and its applications. 2

Suggested Readings:
1. Concepts of Genetics. William S Klug and Michael R Cummings. 10th edition.
Pearson education India. (2016).
2. Lewin, Benjamin. Genes IX. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2008.
3. Gene cloning: An introduction. Chapman and Hall, London. Brown, T. A. 1995.
4. Recombinant DNA and biotechnology. Kreuzer, H. and A. Massey. 2001. ASM press.
Washington D. C.
5. Genetics by Gupta, PK., Rastogi Publication, Meerut.

ZOO - 611 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Applied Genetics

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II III 02 01 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: The course gives detailed idea about applications of genetics in different areas.
CO 2: To understand genetic engineering and its tools, components involved in cloning and
recombinant gene technology.
38
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 3: Understand the importance of techniques employed in genetic engineering and to

familiarize the students with the application of genetic engineering to meet the current
demands.
CO 4: To study various classical cytogenetic techniques used in advanced diagnostic methods.
CO 5: Concept of molecular medicine and molecular diagnostic methods.
CO 6: Construct a pedigree and its application in genetic counselling.
CO 7: Culture the bacteria for various studies.
CO 8: Know about bioinformatics databases.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Isolation of WBCs by Ficoll-Paque media. (Compulsory) 2P

2. Study the induction technique of human leukocyte culture. 2P

(Compulsory)
3. Preparation of human chromosomes and G banding from cultured 2P
leukocyte. (Compulsory)
4. Preparation of human chromosomes and C banding from cultured
2P
leukocyte.
5. Culturing and preparation of competent bacterial cells.
2P
(Compulsory)
6. Transformation induction and screening recombinant bacteria by
2P
blue white screening method. (Kit method) (Compulsory)
7. Culturing of bacteria for restriction endonuclease digestion (Kit
2P
method).
8. Mapping of restricted endonuclease digested DNA from cultured
2P
bacteria (Kit method).
9. Study of case history from (ref books) for genetic counseling using
1P
pedigree analysis. (Compulsory)
10. Study of sex chromatin in humans by histological staining.
1P
(Compulsory)
11. Study of Bioinformatics databases in genetic engineering. 1P

12. Analysis of DNA and amino acid sequence by BLASTA and

1P
FASTA.
13. A compulsory visit to IVF center / Animal breeding center and
3P
report writing.

39
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 612 - MJ : Animal Behaviour

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II III 02 02 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Define animal behaviour as the actions living things carry out to survive and
reproduce.
CO 2: Use concepts of animal behaviour to understand human behaviour.
CO 3: Understand the ecological aspects of animal behaviour.
CO 4: Know about the strategies of organization in animals and their interactions.
CO 5: Understand the reproductive behaviour of animals.
CO 6: Learn how animals communicate with each other.
CO 7: Understand about the modes of parental caring in various animals.
CO 8: Know about the extraordinary phenomenon defence mimicry and camouflage.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topic
Assigned (L)
Introduction to animal behaviour :
1.1 Innate behaviour, learning, reasoning, motivation, conflict and
1. 3
sexual behaviour.
1.2 Migration and homing with special reference to birds.
Ecological aspects of behaviour :
2.1 Habitat selection.
4
2. 2.2 Food selection and optimal foraging theory.
3.3 Anti-predator defence mechanisms, aggression, territoriality and
dispersal.
Social behaviour :
3. 6
3.1 Aggregations: schooling in fishes, flocking in birds, herding in

40
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

mammals.
3.2 Group selection, kin selection, altruism, inclusive fitness, and
social organization in insects and primates.
Reproductive behaviour :
4.1 Evolution of sex.
4.2 Reproductive strategies. 7
4.
4.3 Mating systems.
4.4 Courtship, sperm competition.
4.5 Sexual selection.
Parental care :
5.1 Parental and alloparental behaviour.
5. 4
5.2 Cooperative breeding.
5.3 Family systems.
Communication in animals :
6.1 Visual.
6. 6.2 Olfactory - Hormones and behaviour, pheromones and 4
behaviour.
6.3 Auditory and tactile.
7. Camouflage and mimicry - Types of mimicry. 2

Suggested Readings :
1. Animal Behavior, an Evolutionary Approach, 8th Edition, Alcock, J., Sinauer
Associate, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
2. Principals of Animal Behavior, 3rd edition, Dugatkin, L.A., W.W. Norton & Company,
2009.

ZOO - 613 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Animal Behaviour

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II III 02 01 15 35 50
Elective

41
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Course Outcomes :
After completion of the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Learn how phototaxis and chemotaxis brings about changes in Drosophila behaviour.
CO 2: Record the behaviour of human in the absence of visual cues.
CO 3: Assess the stress developed during social situations.
CO 4: Perform different test to record human social behaviour.
CO 5: Analyse the stress conditions during Maze test.
CO 6: Learn to record and interpret behaviour of animals in the field.
CO 7: Understand how birds interact with each other with the help of vocal cues.
CO 8: Organize field works and nature trail.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Study of stereotypic behaviour in an animal. (Compulsory) 2P
2. Study of navigation in the absence of visual cues. (Compulsory) 1P
3. Study of stress in social situations. 2P
4. Study of human social behaviour. (Compulsory) 2P
5. Constructing an ethogram habituation in snails. 1P
6. Study of Human mate choice. 1P
Field observations to record animal behaviour of Amphibians /
7. Birds/ Mammals with the help of Scan and Focal sampling. 2P
(Compulsory)
8. Studying the vocal interactions of birds at artificial feeding stations. 2P
Studies on Predator - Prey interaction - Recognition of predators by
9. 2P
prey using amphibian tadpoles. (Compulsory)
Compulsory visit to any Zoo/ Rescue Centre/ Animal Welfare NGO
10. 3P
and report writing.

42
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 631 - RP : Research Project

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Research
II III 04 02 30 70 100
Project

Course Outcomes :
After completion of the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Find a novel research topic by identifying a research gap in the current trends.
CO 2: Demonstrate an understanding of the ethical issues associated with practitioner
research.
CO 3: Search literature from various reputed journals and write a review of literature.
CO 4: Analyse data and synthesize research findings.
CO 5: Use research findings to address local problem faced by the society.
CO 6: Apply foundational research skills to address a research question.
CO 7: Demonstrate planning, time and change management skills.
CO 8: Demonstrate a capacity to communicate research results clearly, comprehensively and
persuasively.
CO 9: Gain practical and / or theoretical knowledge about particular area of Zoology.

Objectives : The objective of the course is to develop the research skills, advanced
techniques, and critical analysis power of the students.

Learning outcomes : Students will acquire basic skills in designing & handling research
experiments and writing a project report that will help them to be independent researchers.

Planning and implementation :

 III semester project work is distributed to students at the beginning of second year and
student should complete this at the end of III semester.

 The student should plan and implement project independently through the
understanding and learning of various research tools and techniques. During the
dissertation, student will learn to write a dissertation, research article and project for
the future career in research.

43
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Project report / dissertation :

 At the end of the project, students should write a dissertation which provides complete
information about the research work.

 The evaluation of the project work and viva - voce is an open defence type through a
power point presentation and will be evaluated by external examiners.

Structure of a Research Project :

There should be main sections for a research project as follows :

 Title page
 Acknowledgements
 Abstract
 Main text
1. Introduction – About the aims of the project and what you hope to achieve.
2. Aims & objectives.
3. Hypothesis to be tested.
4. Literature review – Evaluating and reviewing existing knowledge on the topic.
5. Methodology – The methods which will be used for your primary research.
6. Findings and results – Presenting the data from your primary research.
7. Discussion – Summarising and analysing your research and what you have found
out.
8. Conclusion – How the project went (successes and failures), areas for future
study.
9. List of references – Correctly cited sources that have been used throughout the
project.
10. Appendices – Present the raw data in the form of graphs and tables that are
referred to in the report. Each appendix should have an identifying number or
letter and a heading.

Length of a Project Report :

The length of a research project will depend on the study level and the nature of the
subject. There is no defined length for research project dissertation, however the average
dissertation style essay can be between 40 to 50 pages.

44
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Academic Integrity Policy :

Written or other work that students submit must be a product of their individual effort
and must be consistent with appropriate standards of professional ethics. Academic
dishonesty, which includes plagiarism, cheating, and other forms of dishonest behaviour, is
strictly prohibited.

Grade / Work distribution : Semester work and grade distribution in percentages for the III
semester of the research project is 30 % Internal evaluation & 70 % External evaluation.

Evaluation of the interim report of the project work:

A) Internal evaluation : 30%

Background of the problem & Review of Literature = 10 Marks

Visits / Lab. Work = 10 Marks

Log Book = 10 Marks

Total = 30 Marks

B) External Evaluation : 70%

Project work = 40 Marks

Dissertation & evidences / Proofs = 10 Marks

Power Point Presentation and Viva Voce = 20 Marks

Total = 70 Marks

GRAND TOTAL = 100 MARKS

END OF SEM - III

45
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

SEMESTER - IV

ZOO - 651 - MJ : Animal Physiology – II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Explain regulation of organic metabolism of energy balance.

CO 2: Illustrate the anatomy, physiology and neural control of respiration.
CO 3: Describe the excretory system, nitrogenous wastes and renal regulation.
CO 4: Illustrate the sensory system.
CO 5: Discuss the consciousness and behavior.
CO 6: Justify the colour change & chromatophores as well as receptors & responses.
CO 7: Understand altered states of consciousness.
CO 8: Know about respiratory quotient and abnormalities in the blood gas content.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topic
Assigned (L)
Regulation of organic metabolism of energy balance :
1.1 Control and integration of carbohydrates, protein and fat
metabolism.
1.2 Absorptive state: Glucose, triglycerides, amino acids.
1.3 Post absorptive state: Sources of blood glucose, glucose sparing
1. 10
(fat utilization).
1.4 Endocrine and neural control of absorptive and post absorptive
states: Insulin, glucagon, pancreatic somatostatin, epinephrine and
sympathetic nerves.
1.5 Other hormones : Cortisol and growth hormones.
2. Respiration : 8

46
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

2.1 Anatomy of respiratory system.

2.2 Gas exchange across the pulmonary and systemic capillaries.
2.3 Mechanism of transport of gases: O2 and CO2.
2.4 Respiratory quotient and abnormalities in the blood gas content.
2.5 Neuronal control of respiration, role of central and peripheral
receptors.
Excretion :
3.1 Nephron: Ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion.
3.2 Control of urinary concentration of sugar, urea, sodium,
3. potassium and pH. 8
3.3 Functions of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and renin-
angiotensin system in renal physiology.
3.4 Regulation of acid-base balance.
The Sensory System :
4.1 Neural pathway in sensory system.
4.2 Somatic sensation: Touch-pressure, proprioception and
kinesthesis, temperature, pain.
12
4. 4.3 Vision : Light, the optical of vision, receptor cells, visual
pathway, visual system coding, colour vision, eye movement.
4.4 Hearing.
4.5 Vestibular system.
4.6 Chemical senses: Taste and smell.
Consciousness and Behaviour :
5.1 Sates of consciousness: Electroencephalogram, walking state,
sleep state, neural substrates of states of consciousness - neural
mechanism for the sleep-wake cycle, neural mechanism for directed
attention.
5. 5.2 Motivation and emotions: Motivation - chemical mediator for 12
motivation, emotions.
5.3 Disorders :
a) Altered states of consciousness: Schizophrenia.
b) The affective disorders: Depression and manias.
c) Psychoactive drugs, tolerance and addiction; alcohol.

47
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

d) Coma and brain death.

e) The neural basis of learning and memory.
Colour change & chromatophores : Functional organization of
6. 4
chromatophores system.
Receptors & responses : Chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors,
7. 6
thermoreceptors, photoreceptors.

Suggested Readings :
1. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment (1997) Knut Schmidt-Nielsen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press.
2. Human physiology: the mechanism of body function (1986): Arthur J. Yander,
JAMES H Sherman, Dorothys Luciano,4th edition McGraw; Hill international
edition,
3. Principles of Animal Physiology (2006), C. D. Moyes and P. M. Schulte. Publisher -
Pearson Education Inc. and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.
4. Text book of Medical Physiology 10th edition (2001), A. C. Guyton and J. E. Hall.
Publisher - W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th edition (2006), G. J. Tortora and B.
Derrickson. Publisher-John Wiley and Sons Inc.
6. Endocrinology, 5th edition (2008), Mac. E. Hadley. Publisher-Pearson Education Inc.
and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Inc.
7. Comparative Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1998), P. J. Bentley. Publisher
Cambridge University Press.
8. Vertebrate Endocrinology 3rd edition (1997), D. O. Norris. Publisher- Academic
Press: An imprint of Elsevier.
9. The World of the Cell, 7th edition, (2005), Wayne M. Becker, Lewis J. Kleinsmith,
Jeff Hardin., Publisher - Benjamin Cummings.
10. Animal Physiology, Third Edition (2012) Richard W. Hill, Gordon A. Wyse, Margaret
Anderson.
11. Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals 4th Edition (2009) William
O. Reece
12. Animal Physiology 2nd Edition Richard W. Hill Publisher: Sinauer Associates,
Incorporated.

48
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

13. Eckert's Animal Physiology (2004) Roger Eckert, D.J. Randall, Warren Burggren,
Kathleen French Publisher: W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd.
14. Principles of Animal Physiology (2013) Christopher D. Moyes, Patricia M. Schulte •
Publisher: Pearson Education Limited.
15. Environmental Physiology of Animals (2004) Pat Willmer, Graham Stone, Ian
Johnston • Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
16. Introduction to Animal Physiology (1998) Ian Kay Publisher: Bios Scientific
Publishers Ltd.

ZOO - 651 - MJ : Entomology - II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :

After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand the processes of Gametogenesis, Fertilization and oviposition.

CO 2: Understand early embryonic developmental stages of insect which will help him/her in
future studies.
CO 3: Explain post-embryonic developmental stages including types of Larva, Nymph and
Pupa.
CO 4: Understand the different types of metamorphosis in insects.
CO 5: Explain specialized reproductive mechanisms in insects.
CO 6: Understand the Hadorn‟s experiments with imaginal disc, Regeneration and Aging.
CO 7: Explain Occurrence, Initiation, Preparations for diapauses and its Controls.
CO 8: Apply this knowledge in the field of research and applied zoology.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
1. Gametogenesis : 8

49
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

1.1 Spermatogenesis, seminal transfer and spermatophore formation.

1.2 Oogenesis, structure and types of insect eggs.
1.3 Fertilization and oviposition.
Insect embryonic development :
2.1 Cleavage and blastoderm formation.
2.2 Germ band formation.
2.3 Gastrulation.
2.4 Embryonic membranes.
2. 18
2.5 Blastokinesis.
2.6 Dorsal closure and dorsal organ.
2.7 Fate / differentiation of germ layers.
2.8 Segmentation.
2.9 Appendages formation and organogenesis in brief.
The post embryonic development :
3.1 Eclosion from the egg.
3. 3.2 The developmental stages: Nymph, naiad, larva, pupa. 20
3.3 Emergence from the pupa / cocoon.
3.4 Metamorphosis and growth.
Specialized reproductive mechanism :
4.1 Oviparity.
4. 4.2 Viviparity. 4
4.3 Polyembryony.
4.4 Paedogenesis and parthenogenesis.
Hadorn’s experiments with imaginal disc, regeneration and
5. 6
aging.
Diapause :
6. 6.1 Occurrence, initiation and preparations for diapause. 4
6.2 Diapause development and controls.

Suggested Readings :
1. A Text book of Entomology, H. H. Ross, John Wiley and Sons, Ins. New York.
2. A text-book of entomology, Alpheus S Packard, Alpha Edition. (2020)
3. An Introduction to Entomology, B. J. H. Comstock, Ithaca, New York.

50
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

4. Developmental system: Insects, Vol. I and II, S. J. Counce and C.H. Waddington,
Academic Press, London.
5. Embryology of Insects and Myriapods, O. A. Johanson and F.H. Butt, McGraw Hill,
New York.
6. Imm‟s text book of entomology, Vol. I and II, O. W. Richards and R. G. Davies,
Methuen and com, London.
7. Introduction to comparative Entomology, R. M .Fox and J. W. Fox, Reinhold, New
York.
8. Modern Entomology, 2nd edition, D. B. Tembhare, Himalaya Publication House,
Bombay.
9. Principles of insect morphology, R. E. Snodgrass,Tata Mc-Graw Hill, Mumbai.
10. The Insect: Structure & Function, R. F. Chapman, E.L.B.S., & E.U.P. London.

ZOO - 651 - MJ : Genetics – II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 04 04 30 70 100

Course Outcomes :

After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: The course gives detailed idea about applications of genetics in different areas.
CO 2: Understand the fundamentals of Mendelian genetics and the extensions of his
principles.
CO 3: Understand the contribution of model system in unravelling the basic principles of
genetics.
CO 4: Familiarize students with various mapping techniques of Mendelian traits.
CO 5: Comprehend the principles of genetics in the level of genes and molecules.
CO 6: Understand the pattern of inheritance and their importance in disease manifestation and
behavior.
CO 7: Provide the basic knowledge of molecular mechanism of mutations and their role in
diseases.

51
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 8: Learn the mechanism and molecular players involved in pattern formation.

CO 9: Know the basic concepts of animal development using different model systems.
CO 10: Know the genetic basis of cancer, it's manifestation, molecular diagnosis, prevention
and management.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Genetics of model organism - Micro-organisms :
1.1 Phage genetics: Gene nomenclature, bacteriophage lambda:
morphology and structure of nucleic acids, mechanism of regulatory
switch between lytic cycle and lysogeny, T even and odd phages:
1. bacteriophage T2, T4 and T7 morphology, nucleic acid structure and 6
life cycle, special features compared to lambda, RNA phages: Q beta
and MS2, replication and concept of overlapping genes.
1.2 Yeast : Life cycle, and advantages as a genetic model organism,
tetrad analysis, yeast mating type switch.
Genetics of model organism - Macro-organisms :
2.1 C. elegans genetics : Life cycle, gene nomenclature and
advantages as a genetic model organism, gene nomenclature,
isolation, study of cell lineage, apoptosis RNA interference.
2.2 Drosophila genetics : Life cycle, gene nomenclature and
advantages as a genetic model organism, genetic basis of sex
determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila, maternal
2. 10
genes and formation of body axis, segmentation genes, homeotic
gene functions, regulation of Hox- gene expression.
2.3 Zebrafish : Life cycle, gene nomenclature and advantages as a
genetic model organism.
2.4 Mouse : Life cycle, gene nomenclature and advantages as a
genetic model organism; inbred strains; mouse genome database,
understanding gene function by transgenic and knockout studies.
Advanced human genetics :
3. 3.1 Genetic mapping of Mendelian traits : Genetic markers, 12

52
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

identifying recombinants and nonrecombinants in pedigrees, two-

point mapping- LOD score analysis, multipoint mapping,
homozygosity mapping, genetic and physical map distances.
3.2 Physical mapping methods : Low resolution mapping- cell
hybrids, mini- and microcells, synteny of genes, radiation hybrid
mapping, assembly of clone contigs, identifying genes in cloned
DNA, intgration of cytogenetic, genetic and physical maps.
3.3 Identifying human disease genes : Principles and strategies -
position-independent and positional cloning, candidate gene
approaches, whole genome and exome sequencing - confirming a
candidate gene.
3.4 The Genome project: Strategies, methodologies and current
status.
Oncogenetics :
4.1 Mutability of DNA and repair - Origins and types of DNA
damage, DNA repair pathways error-prone repair and mutagenesis,
damage signaling and checkpoint arrest.
4 4.2 Oncogenes - Retroviral oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, oncogenes 4
in human cancer, functions of oncogene products.
4.3 Tumor suppressor genes - Functions of tumor suppressor gene
products, roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in tumor
development; cancer as a multistep process; cytogenetic studies.
Clinical genetics :
5.1 Monogenic diseases : Cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs syndrome,
Marphan syndrome.
5. 5.2 Triplet repeat based disorders. 7
5.3 Disorders of hematopoietic systems : Over view of blood cell
types & haemoglobin, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, hemophilia‟s.
5.4 Mitochondrial disorders.
Inborn metabolic errors :
6.1 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
6. 9
6.2 Disorders of nucleic acid metabolism.
6.3 Disorders of lipid metabolism.

53
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

6.4 Lysosomal storage disorders & peroxisomal disorders.

Immunogenetics :
7.1 Genetic basis of antibody diversity.
7. 4
7.2 Generation of TCR diversity.
7.3 HLA polymorphism and disease association.
Behavioural Genetics :
8.1 Rothen Buhler‟s experiment on genetics bee behavior (hygienic
and unhygienic Trait).
8.2 Nature- nurture and behaviour : Genetics experiments to
investigate animal behaviour - selection studies, inbred strain studies.
8. 8.3 Identifying genes for controlling behaviour : Induced mutations, 4
quantitative trait loci, synteny orthology.
8.4 Twin and adoption study designs.
8.5 Environmental influence - shared and non - shared environment.
8.6 Genetics of human behavioral defects- Schizophrenia, mood
disorders.
Neurogenetics :
9.1 Genetics of Circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle) in Drosophila
9. and mammals, learning and memory mutants in Drosophila. 4
9.2 Biochemistry and psychopathology - Alzheimer‟s disease,
Parkinson‟s disease.

Suggested Readings :
1. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis – A.J.F. Griffiths, J. Doebley, C. Peichel, D.A.
Wassarman (12th ed.) W.H. Freeman Publ. 2020.
2. Concepts of Genetics – W.S. Klug and M.R. Cummings (12th ed.) Pearson Publ. 2019.
3. Genetics : A conceptual approach – B.A. Pierce (6th ed.) W.H. Freeman Publ. 2016.
4. Behavioral Genetics – V.S. Knopik, J.M. Neiderhiser, J.C. DeFries, R. Plomin (7th
ed.) Worth Publ. 2016. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis – A.J.F. Griffiths, J.
Doebley, C. Peichel, D.A. Wassarman (12th ed.) W.H. Freeman Publ. 2020.
5. Human Molecular Genetics – T. Strachan and A. Read (5th ed.) Garland Science Publ.
2018.
6. Genetics – M.W. Strickberger (3rd ed.) Pearson India Publ. 2015.

54
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

7. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes – D.L. Hartl and E.W. Jones (6th ed.) Jones
& Bartlett Publ. 2004. 9. Developmental Biology – S.F. Gilbert (10th ed.) Sinauer
Associates Inc. 2013. 10. Medical Genetics – L.B. Jorde, J.C. Carey, M.J. Bamshad
(5th ed.) Elsevier 2015.
8. Principles of Genetics – E.J. Gardner, M.J. Simmons, D.P. Snustad (8th ed.) John
Wiley & Sons 2006.
9. Genetics: Analysis of Genes and Genomes – D.L. Hartl and E.W. Jones (6th ed.) Jones
& Bartlett Publ. 2004.
10. Strickberger‟s Evolution – B. Hall (4th ed.) Jones and Bartlett Publ. 2008.
11. Developmental Biology – S.F. Gilbert (10th ed.) Sinauer Associates Inc. 2013.
12. Genetics : The continuity of Life – D.J. Fairbanks and W.R. Andersen. Thomson
Brooks / Cole Publ. 1999.
13. Genetics in Medicine (Thomson & Thomson) – R.L. Nussbaum, R.R. McInnes, H.F.
Willard (8th ed.) Elsevier 2016.
14. Molecular Biology of Gene V Edition, Watson, J. D., T. A. Baker S. P. Bell, A Cann,
M. Levine and R. Losick, 2004, Pearson Education RH Ltd. India.

ZOO - 652 - MJ : Ecology and Evolution

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 02 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: Understand the concept of Ecology and environment.

CO 2: Explain various ecosystems.
CO 3: Know more about ecological succession.
CO 4: Explain the interactions of animals.
CO 5: Provide comprehensive overview of concept of evolution.
CO 6: Explain origin of life especially Prokaryotes as well as Eukaryotes.
CO 7: Explore salient features of various theories of evolution comprising of Lamarckism,
55
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism.

CO 8: Understand the concepts of Analogy, Homology, Paleontological evidences,
Embryological evidences.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Introduction to Ecology : Concept of ecology, environment and
1. 2
biosphere.
Ecosystems and sustainability :
2.1 Structure of ecosystem - Biotic and abiotic components.
2. 2.2 Types of ecosystem - Terrestrial and aquatic. 8
2.3 Food chain, food web and its types.
2.4 Animal interactions with examples.
Ecosystem development :
3. 3.1 Stratification and types of stratification. 6
3.2 Ecological succession with examples.
Origin of life :
4.1 Origin of universe (Big Bang Theory), Lamarckian theories,
Darwin‟s theory of natural selection, Neodarwinian concepts;
4. 6
concept of Oparin and Haldane, experiment of Miller (1953).
4.2 The first cell, evolution of prokaryotes, origin of eukaryotic cells,
evolution of unicellular eukaryotes.
Evidences of evolution :
5.1 Analogy and homology.
5. 2
5.2 Embryological evidences of evolution.
5.3 Evolutionary & paleontological evidences.
Evolution of man (evolution of anthropoids including man) :
6. 2
Kenyapithecus to Homo sapiens.
Evolutionary view of population genetics :
7. 7.1 Overview of natural selection. 2
7.2 Genetic drift and Hardy-Weinberg Law.
8. Extinction : An overview and five mass extinctions in world. 2

56
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Suggested Readings :

1. Krebs, C. J. (2001). Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and

Abundance, 6th Edition, ©2009, Pearson.
2. Colinvaux, P. A. (1993). Introduction to Ecology. II Edition. Wiley, John and Sons,
Inc.
3. Odum, E.P., (2008). Fundamentals of Ecology. Indian Edition. Brooks/Cole.
4. Robert Leo Smith Ecology and field biology Harper and Row publisher.
5. Ricklefs, R.E., (2000). Ecology. V Edition. Chiron Press.
6. Theodore H., Jr Eaton. Evolution. 1st Edition. W. W. Norton Publication. (1970).
7. Organic Evolution, Richard Swann Lull, Light & Life Publishers.
8. Introductions to Evolution, Paul Amos Moody, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
9. Organic Evolution, 1991 T.S. Gopalkrishanan, IttaSambashivarab Publ. House.
10. Evolutionary Biology, 1990, Mohan P. Arora, Himalaya Publi. House, Delhi.
11. Evolution, 1968, E. O. Dodson, Reinhold Publ. Crop., New York.
12. The major features of evolution, 1953, Simpson G. G. Columbia, New York.
13. The origin of species, 1959, Charles Darwin, New American Library, New York.

ZOO - 653 - MJ : Environmental Biology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 02 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :

At the completion of this course, a student will be able to :

CO 1: Analyze current environmental issues and evaluate potential solutions.

CO 2: Relate the features of human populations to different types of environmental
degradation.
CO 3: Evaluate scientific basis of environmental issues.
CO 4: Assess the costs/benefits of conservation vs. remediation or technological solutions.
CO 5: Recognize the impact of globalization on the environment.

57
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 6: Recognize the ecological footprints left by different peoples of the Earth.

CO 7: Know about different biomes and their chracteristics.
CO 8: Understand green techniques to minimize pollution.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Introduction to environmental biology :
1.1 Ecology as an inter-disciplinary science.
1. 2
1.2 Origin of life and speciation.
1.3 Human Ecology and settlement.
Population ecology :
2.1 Characteristics of population : Concept of carrying capacity,
2. Population growth and regulations. 4
2.2 Population fluctuations : Dispersion and metapopulation.
2.3 Concept of „r‟ and „k‟ species. keystone species.
Biomes :
3.1 Concept, classification and distribution.
3. 5
3.2 Characteristics of different biomes: Tundra, Taiga, Grassland,
Deciduous forest biome, Savanna, Tropical Rain forest.
Limiting factors and their tolerance :
4.1 Liebig‟s law of minimum, Shelford‟s law of tolerance.
4. 2
4.2 Limiting factors - Temperature, radiation, water and
micronutrients etc.
Concept of industrial ecology :
5.1 Absorption, distribution and excretion of toxic agents.
5. 5.2 Acute and chronic toxicity. 4
5.3 Concept of bioassay, threshold limit value, biotransformation.
5.4 Major water borne diseases and air borne microbial diseases.
Bioremediation :
6.1 Definition, types and role of plants and microbes for in situ and
6. 3
ex situ remediation.
6.2 Bioindicators, biofertilizers, biofuels and biosensors.

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Green techniques for nature conservation :

7.1 Rain water harvesting.
7.2 Zero waste management.
7. 3
7.3 Concept of green roofs.
7.4 Concept of green chemistry.
7.5 Ground water recharges techniques.
Case studies of global environmental issues :
8.1 Green house effect.
8.2 Global warming.
8. 2
8.3 Acid rain.
8.4 Ozone layer depletion.
8.5 Nuclear accidents.
Natural resources :
9.1 Definition, resource, types, fuel and energy resources, wildlife
9. resources, their exploitation and impacts on environment. 5
9.2 Exploitation and recycling of mineral resources and reserves,
water, wildlife resources, oceanic resource.

Suggested Readings :

1. Fundamentals of Ecology - M C Dash, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.1998.

2. Concepts of Ecology - Edward J. Kormondy, Prentice-Hall Of India Pvt. Ltd.1996.
3. Ecology - Mohan P. Arora, Himalaya Publishing House, 2004.
4. Environmental Biology- Biswarup Mukherjee, Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing
Co.Ltd,1996.
5. Fundamentals of Ecology-Eugene P. Odum, Natraj Publishers, 1996.
6. Principals of Environmental chemistry – Manhan Publisher.
7. Environmental hazards & human health - R.B. Philip Publisher.

59
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 654 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Animal Physiology – II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
At the completion of this course, a student will be able to :

CO 1: Estimate the effect of starvation on liver and muscle of heart.

CO 2: Determine the amount of carbohydrate by anthron reagent.
CO 3: Determine the amount of protein in blood plasma in human.
CO 4: Estimate respiratory quotient by Warburg respirometer.
CO 5: Detect allontoin in mammalian urine.
CO 6: Prepare the slide of urine crystal.
CO 7: Estimate serum urea in urine sample.
CO 8: Learn hormonal control of chromatophore in crustacean.

Detailed Syllabus :
Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Study the effect of starvation on liver and heart muscles of mouse. 2P

2. Estimation of carbohydrate by Anthron method from blood sample. 2P

(Compulsory)
3. Estimation of protein from blood plasma in human. (Compulsory) 2P

4. Estimation of respiratory quotient by Warburg respirometer. 1P

(Compulsory)
5. Estimation of protein from urine. (Compulsory) 1P
6. Estimation of glucose from urine. (Compulsory) 1P
7. Detection of allontoin in mammalian urine. 1P
8. Preparation and study of urine crystal. (Compulsory) 1P
9. Estimation of serum urea in urine. (Compulsory) 1P
10. Study of normal and abnormal constituents of urine. (Compulsory) 2P
11. Study of lipid profile in vertebrates. 1P

60
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

12. Study of hormonal control of chromatophore in crustacean. 2P

(Compulsory)
13. Study of receptors: chemoreceptor, mechanoreceptor, thermo 1P
receptor.

ZOO - 654 - MJP : Lab Exercises in Entomology - II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand detailed structure of parts of male and female reproductive system of

Insect.
CO 2: Will be able to identify different types of insect egg.
CO 3: Understand the embryonic development of insect.
CO 4: Learn various post embryonic changes in insect development.
CO 5: Identify various types of Larvae, Nymph and Pupa of Insect.
CO 6: Collection and preservation of Eggs, Larvae, Nymph and Pupa of insect.
CO 7: Able to dissect Housefly to observe its body systems and can mount halter and
mouthparts.
CO 8: Dissect Butterfly to study different systems and able to mount mouthparts, genital
appendages, antenna, leg and wing scales.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Study of permanent histological slides of male reproductive system
1. - testes, vas deference, ejaculatory duct, accessory gland and 2P
spermatogenesis. (Compulsory)
2. Study of permanent histological slides of female reproductive 2P

61
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

system - ovariole, lateral oviduct, common oviduct, accessory

glands, bursa copulatrix, spermatheca. (Compulsory)
3. Study of types of eggs in insects. (Compulsory) 1P
Study of early embryology of insect: cleavage, blastula, germ band,
4. gastrula, embryo - 1 day old, 2 day old and 3 day old in suitable 2P
insect.
Study of post embryonic development of insects: Collection and
5. 2P
study of types of nymph, naiads, larvae and pupae. (Compulsory)
Dissections of house fly: Digestive system & nervous system.
6. 2P
(Compulsory)
Dissections of house fly: Male and female reproductive system.
7. 2P
(Compulsory)
Temporary mountings of antenna, halter, legs and ovipositor of
8. 1P
house fly. (Compulsory)
9. Dissection of butterfly: Digesstive system and nervous system. 2P
10. Dissection of butterfly: Male and female reproductive system. 2P
11. Temporary mountings of antenna, scales and ovipositor of butterfly. 1P
12. Study of effects of temperature on development rate of insect. 3P
13. Study of insect developmental inhibitors. 1P
14. Viewing and culturing of insects. 1P
Compulsory field visit to Wildlife Sanctuary / National Park / ZSI /
15. 3P
Biodiversity locality and submission of report.

ZOO - 654 - MJP : Lab Exercises in Genetics - II

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

62
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

CO 1: Use of Drosophila as model organism to learn the various behavioural assays through
hands-on experiments.
CO 2: Learn the importance of in silico analysis using bioinformatics in genetic research.
CO 3: Understand the molecular organization of chromosomes through karyotyping
Techniques.
CO 4: Understand homeotic and maternal effect mutations.
CO 5: Learn various assays including olfaction trap assay, mechanosensation and locomotory
assays.
CO 6: Know about different test to assess behavioural genetics.
CO 7: Establishment and maintence of yeast, C. elegans & phage cultures.
CO 8: Understand PCR primer designing.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Study of homeotic and maternal effect mutations in Drosophila. 1P

2. Dissection and mounting of imaginal discs of Drosophila.

2P
(Compulsory)
3. Separation of Drosophila eye colour pigment by thin layer
1P
chromatography. (Compulsory)
4. Preparation of metaphase chromosomal spread from 3rd instar larva
2P
of Drosophila (from brain ganglion).
5. Olfaction trap assay for measurement of olfaction activity in
1P
Drosophila larvae and adult.
6. Measurement of locomotory activity in Drosophila larvae and adult
1P
(flight escape assay). (Compulsory)
7. Study of larval mechanosensation assay in Drosophila. 1P

8. Study of conventions of nomenclature of genes, genotypes and gene

1P
products in different model organisms.
9. Preparation of temporary/ permanent chromosomal metaphase
2P
spread from bone marrow cells. (Compulsory)
10. Demonstration of G banding and C banding on bone marrow
2P
metaphase spread. (Compulsory)
Demonstration of behavioural genetics test for anxiety levels in
laboratory mice :
11. a) Open field activity test. 2P
b) Elevated plus maze test.
(Compulsory)

63
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

12. Isolation of C. elegans from soil sample. (Compulsory) 1P

13. Culturing of C. elegans for aging effect. 1P

14. Establish and maintenance of Saccharomyces crevasse culture as a

2P
model organism for genetic experiments. (Compulsory)
15. Isolation of phage infected E.coli from sewage sample. 2P
16. Isolation of coliphage and enumeration of pfu/ml. 2P
17. In silico design of PCR primer for the gene of interest. 1P

ZOO - 655 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Ecology, Evolution and

Environmental Biology
Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
II IV Major Core 02 01 15 35 50

Course Outcomes :
At the completion of this course, a student will be able to :

CO 1: Estimate dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide.

CO 2: Estimate water alkalinity of given water sample.
CO 3: Know about Paleontological and Embryological evidences of evolution.
CO 4: Understand animal adaptations of bat, sea turtle, Draco, Exocoetus.
CO 5: Learn successive stages of man evolution.
CO 6: Know about ecosystem and its abiotic as well as biotic components.
CO 7: Understand various types of bio-indicators and their importance.
CO 8: Learn collection of effluent from various industries.
CO 9: Analyse toxic effects of pollutants on aquatic fauna.
CO 10: Learn about solid waste management.

Detailed Syllabus :
Minimum 7 practicals should be conducted from Ecology & Evolution and 8 practicals from
Environmental Biology.

64
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Ecology & Evolution
1. Estimation of dissolved oxygen. (Compulsory) 1P
2. Estimation of water alkalinity. (Compulsory) 1P
Estimation of dissolved and free carbon dioxide from water sample. 1P
3.
(Compulsory)
4. Study of paleontological and embryological evidences of evolution. 1P
5. Study of animal adaptations (bat, sea turtle, Draco, Exocoetus). 1P
6. Study of successive stages of human evolution. 1P
Compulsory visit to lake / river for study of eutrophication and 3P
7.
report submission.
Environmental Biology
Study of a simple ecosystem (pond/river/grassland/forest) and
1. description of biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. 1P
(Compulsory)
2. Preparation of field report based on the survey of local fauna. 1P
3. Study of effects of human interaction with natural environment. 1P

4. Describe the environmental problem of your locality and suggest a 1P

remedy.
5. Study of bio-indicators of water pollution. (Compulsory) 1P
6. Study of solid waste management techniques. 1P
7. Isolation of water / air micro-flora. (Compulsory) 2P

8. Collection, processing and preservation of effluent samples from 1P

sugar / dye / dairy / pharmaceutical industry.
9. Study of effect of toxic pollutants (chemicals / metals / pesticides) 2P
on aquatic fauna. (Compulsory)
10. Compulsory visit to Wildlife sanctuary / grassland / mining area / 3P
bio-fertilizer plant and report submission.

65
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 660 - MJ : Applied Entomology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II IV 02 02 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Understand the branches of entomology.

CO 2: Student will gain skill of rearing honey bees.
CO 3: Aware about economic importance of honey bees.
CO 4: To introduce the concept of sericulture.
CO 5: Gain knowledge about applications of sericulture industry.
CO 6: Students will be able to know about the major pests.
CO 7: Students will understand the basics and rearing techniques of lac insect.
CO 8: Students can explore the applied business.

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Assigned (L)
Introduction of Applied Entomology :
Definition, scope and branches of applied entomology -
1. 4
Agricultural, Forestry, Veterinary, Medical, Forensic, Industrial &
Nutritional.
General morphology, Nature of Damage and Control Measures
of important insect pests :
2.1 Pest of Paddy – Rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga
incertulas).
2. 12
2.2 Pests of Maize – Jowar / Maize stem borer (Chilo partellus),
Asiatic pink stem borer (Sesamia inferens).
2.3 Pests of Various fruits - Mango stem borer (Batocera
rufomaculata), Anar butterfly / Pomegranate fruit borer (Deudorix

66
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

isocrates).
2.4 Pest of Sugarcane - Sugarcane shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus).
2.5 Pests of Vegetables - Brinjal fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis),
Pink bollworm (Platyedra gossypiella).
2.6 Pests of Store grains - Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), Red
flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), Pulse beetle (Callasobruchus
chinensis).
2.7 Pest of Cotton – Red cotton bug (Dysdercus cingulatus).
General morphology, nature of damage and control measures
of important non-insect pests :
3.1 Rat and bandicoots.
3. 3.2 Crab. 5
3.3 Snails and slugs.
3.4 Squirrel.
3.5 Birds.
Industrial Entomology :
4.1 Sericulture – Types of silk moth, life cycle, production of silk,
economic importance of silk.
4. 6
4.2 Apiculture – Types of honey bee species, life cycle of honey
bee, bee products and their uses.
4.3 Lac culture - Life cycle of the lac insects; lac culturing, uses.
Livestock Entomology :
5. 3
Definition, important pests, control measures.

Suggested Readings :

1. Applied Entomology, 2nd edition, P G Fenemore, Alka Prakash, Publisher: New Age
International.
2. Agricultural Pets: Biology and Control Measures, B. M. Deore and T. B. Nikam,
Nirali Publication, Pune, 1990.
3. Bisht D. S. (1984) Apiculture, Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
4. Boudreau, (1979): “Arthropod Phylogeny with Special Reference to Insects”. John
Wiley & Sons, New York.

67
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

5. General and Applied Entomology, 2nd edition, B. V. David and T. N. Ananthkrishnan

(2006), Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.
6. Insect pests of crops, S. Pradhan (1969), Publisher: National Book Trust of India, New
Delhi.
7. Industrial Entomology and Mushroom, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Education
Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur.
8. Introduction to General and Applied Entomology, 2nd edition, V. B. Awasthi (2007),
Publisher: Scietific Publishers India Jodhapur.
9. Mane, P., Chaudhari, R., Qureshi, N., Shinde, M., Kim, T., & Amalnerkar, D. (2020).
Silver nanoparticles-silk fibroin nanocomposite based colorimetric bio-interfacial
sensor for on-site ultra-trace impurity detection of mercury ions. Journal of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 20(4), 2122-2129.
10. Mane, P., Adhyapak, P., Kadam, D., Amalnerkar, D., Kim, T., & Chaudhari, R. (2021).
Selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of mercury ions in aqueous solutions
using silver nanoparticles synthesized in innovative biomaterial matrix. Emergent
Materials, 1-9.
11. Silkworm Rearing; Wupang - Chun and Chen Da - Chung, Pub. By FAO, Rome 1988.
12. Prost P. J. (1962) Apiculture, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. ISBN No –
9781898298052.
13. Text Book of Applied Entomology, K. P. Shrivastava (1996), Publisher: Kalyani
Publishers.
14. The Insects: Structure and Function, R. F. Chapman, Publsiher: Cambridge University
Press.

ZOO - 661 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Applied Entomology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II IV 02 01 15 35 50
Elective

68
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Course Outcomes :

At the completion of this course, a student will be able to :

CO 1: Learn about pest monitoring techniques to detect pest in the field.

CO 2: Perform pest surveillance through field incidence, light traps and pheromone traps.
CO 3: Detect Crop losses caused by Pests and its assessment.
CO 4: Know about Pest of Paddy, Maize, Sugarcane & Cotton.
CO 5: Know about Pest of vegetables, fruits and store grains.
CO 6: Understand types of non-insect pest and their control measures.
CO 7: Learn about various types of beneficial insects.
CO 8: Detect veterinary pest and apply appropriate control measures.

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
1. Study of pest monitoring techniques. 1P

2. Study of pest surveillance through field incidence, light traps and 2P

pheromone traps.
Estimation of crop losses caused by pests and their assessment. 2P
3.
(Compulsory)
Study of following pests with respect to marks of identification, 2P
nature of damage & control measures:
a) Pest of Paddy – Rice yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas).
4. b) Pest of Maize - Maize stem borer (Chilo partellus).
c) Pest of Sugarcane - Sugarcane shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus).
d) Pest of Cotton – Red Cotton Bug (Dysdercus cingulates).
(Compulsory)
Study of vegetable and fruit pests with respect to marks of 2P
5. identification, nature of damage & control measures. ( Any four )
(Compulsory)
Study of store grain pests with respect to marks of identification, 2P
6. nature of damage & control measures:
a) Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae).

69
M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

b) Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

c) Pulse beetle (Callasobruchus chinensis). (Compulsory)
Study of general morphology, nature of damage and control 2P
7.
measures of important non-insect pests. ( Any four )

8. Study of general morphology and economic importance of 2P

beneficial insects. ( Any three)
10. Study of insect pests of cattle and their control measures. 1P

11. Identification of Tick, Mite and Lice - infestation and their control 1P
measures.
12. Rearing of various biocontrolling agents. (Compulsory) 1P

13. Compulsory field visit to Agriculture farm / Sericulture unit / 3P

Apiculture unit and submission of report.

ZOO - 662 - MJ : Immunology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Lectures
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II IV 02 02 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :

After successfully completing this course, students will be able to :

CO 1: List the primary and secondary immune organs.

CO 2: Explain the concepts of immunity, self - non self immune response, autoimmune
disease.
CO 3: Explain the theories of antibody synthesis and generation of antibody diversity.
CO 4: Explain the principle and application of the common techniques used in Immunology.
CO 5: Illustrate the events and dynamics of inflammation.
CO 6: Compare the MHC molecules and diseases associated with HLA.
CO 7: Differentiate between active and passive immunization.
CO 8: Compare the three pathways of complement fixation pathway.

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Detailed Syllabus :

Lectures
Sr. No. Topics
Allotted (L)
Introduction to Immune system :
1.1 Innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cell mediated
immunity.
1.2 Primary & secondary lymphoid organs.
1. 7
1.3 Immediate response to infection: Inflammation, cell migration,
acute phase response and NK cell.
1.4 Concept of self and non-self antigen, active and passive
immunization.
Antibody : Structure, classes and subclasses of antibody, iso, allo
2. 3
and idio types, t cell receptors.
Theories of antibody : Synthesis, generation of antibody diversity,
3. 3
antibody class switching.
4. MHC, HLA and disease association. 2
Immuno – Disorders :
5.1 Immuno - Deficiencies and disorders.
5. 3
5.2 Antigen processing and presentation.
5.3 Immunogenetics.
6. Immunity : Tolerance, autoimmunity, hypersensitivity and its types. 3
7. Immunological memory, types of vaccines and vaccination. 2
Immunotechniques :
8.1 Antigen-antibody reaction, complement system and complement
fixation test.
8.2 Hybridoma principle and application.
8. 7
8.3 ELISA.
8.4 Immunofluorescence.
8.5 Immunoelectrophoresis.
8.6 RIA and Monoclonal - polyclonal antibody and its application.

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Suggested Readings :
1. Immunology: Kindt T. J., Goldsby R.A., Osborme B. A., Kuby J. : Freeman W H
publications.
2. Essential immunology, Ivon Roitt, Blackwell Scientific Publication, London.
3. Immunology, Roitt I. V., Butterworth Publishers, USA.
4. Essentials of Clinical Immunology, Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney, Siraj Misbah, Neil
Snowden, 6th edition, Willeyblackwel Publisher, 2014.
5. Roitt's Essential Immunology, SeamusJ. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt,
Peter J. Delves, 13th edition, Willey-Blackwel Publisher, 2017.
6. Kuby Immunology, Jenny Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patrica Jones, Judith A. Owen, 8th
edition, Macmillan Publisher, 2018.
7. Molecular Immunology, Carsten Carlberg, Eunike Velleuer, 1st edition, Springer-
Cham Publisher, 2022.
8. Basic Immunology, Abul K. Abbas and Andrew H. Lichtman,7th edition, Saunders
Publisher, 2024.

ZOO - 663 - MJP : Laboratory Exercises in Immunology

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Major
II IV 02 01 15 35 50
Elective

Course Outcomes :
After completing the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Learn double diffusion or Ouchterlony technique.

CO 2: Understand the histology of lymphoid organs.
CO 3: Know about Immunoelectrophoresis.
CO 4: Perform differential count of leucocytes.
CO 5: Analyze the blood groups and will know about the immunology of blood transfusion.
CO 6: Know about rocket electrophoresis to estimate antigen concentrations.
CO 7: Perform cell counting and viability testing.
CO 8: Identify the pattern of identity of antigen- antibody reactions.
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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Detailed Syllabus :

Practical
Sr. No. Title of the Practical
Assigned (P)
Perform Double diffusion or Ouchterlony technique (using kit).
1. 2P
(Compulsory)
Study of histology of lymphoid organs: Bone marrow, lymph
2. 2P
nodes, skin, spleen, thymus, and ileum.
3. Study of the differential count of W.B.C.s. (Compulsory) 1P
Demonstration of Immunoelectrophoresis (Using kit).
4. 2P
(Compulsory)
Study of cell counting and viability testing by trypan blue staining.
5. 2P
(Compulsory)
Study of the immunology of blood transfusion ( universal donor,
6. universal receipent, Bombay blood group and erythroblastosis 1P
foetalis).
Blood group analysis with reference to cross matching.
7. 1P
(Compulsory)
Estimation of antigen concentration by rocket electrophoresis
8. 2P
(Using Kit).
Demonstration of various routes of egg inoculations for vaccine
9. production using dye. (Amniotic, yolk sac, allanoic and chorio- 1P
amniotic). (Compulsory)
Study of enzyme detection techniques of acid phosphatase, alkaline
10. 1P
phosphatase, and esterase. (Compulsory)
11. Study of haemagglutination inhibition test. 2P
12. Demonstration of ELISA technique. (Compulsory) 2P

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

ZOO - 681 - RP : Research Project

Teaching Scheme Marking Scheme
Continuous End
Practical
Year Semester Course Type Credits Internal Semester Total
per week
Assessment Examination
Research
II IV 06 03 45 105 150
Project

Course Outcomes :
After completion of the course student will be able to :

CO 1: Identify and discuss the role and importance of research in the life sciences.
CO 2: Identify and discuss the issues and concepts salient to the research process.
CO 3: Identify and discuss the complex issues inherent in selecting a research problem,
selection of an appropriate research design, and implementing a research project.
CO 4: Identify and discuss the concepts and procedures of sampling, data collection, analysis
and reporting.
CO 5: Read, comprehend, and explain research articles in their academic discipline.
CO 6: Preparing and representing the data.
CO 7: Write a dissertation in a scientific way.
CO 8: Work in the important research projects at renowned institutes and he / she can make a
career in the research field.

Objectives : The objective of the course is to develop the research skills, advanced
techniques, and critical analysis power of the students.

Learning outcomes : Students will acquire basic skills in designing & handling research
experiments and writing a project report that will help them to be independent researchers.

Planning and implementation :

 IV semester project work is distributed to students at the beginning of second year and
student should complete this at the end of IV semester.
 The student should plan and implement project independently through the
understanding and learning of various research tools and techniques. During the
dissertation, student will learn to write a dissertation, research article and project for
the future career in research.

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

Project report / dissertation :

 At the end of the project, students should write a dissertation which provides complete
information about the research work.
 The evaluation of the project work and viva - voce is an open defence type through a
power point presentation and will be evaluated by external examiners.

Structure of a Research Project :

There should be main sections for a research project as follows :
 Title page
 Acknowledgements
 Abstract
 Main text
1. Introduction – About the aims of the project and what you hope to achieve.
2. Aims & objectives.
3. Hypothesis to be tested.
4. Literature review – Evaluating and reviewing existing knowledge on the topic.
5. Methodology – The methods which will be used for your primary research.
6. Findings and results – Presenting the data from your primary research.
7. Discussion – Summarising and analysing your research and what you have found
out.
8. Conclusion – How the project went (successes and failures), areas for future
study.
9. List of references – Correctly cited sources that have been used throughout the
project.
10. Appendices – Present the raw data in the form of graphs and tables that are
referred to in the report. Each appendix should have an identifying number or
letter and a heading.

Length of a Project Report :

The length of a research project will depend on the study level and the nature of the
subject. There is no defined length for research project dissertation, however the average
dissertation style essay can be between 60 to 70 pages.

Academic Integrity Policy :

Written or other work that students submit must be a product of their individual effort
and must be consistent with appropriate standards of professional ethics. Academic
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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

dishonesty, which includes plagiarism, cheating, and other forms of dishonest behaviour, is
strictly prohibited.

Grade / Work distribution : Semester work and grade distribution in percentages for the IV
semester of the research project is 30 % Internal evaluation & 70 % External evaluation.

Evaluation of the interim report of the project work :

A) Internal evaluation : 30%

Background of the problem & Review of Literature = 10 Marks

Visits / Lab. Work = 20 Marks

Log Book = 15 Marks

Total = 45 Marks

B) External Evaluation : 70%

Project work = 60 Marks

Disertation & evidences / Proofs = 20 Marks

Power Point Presentation and Viva Voce = 25 Marks

Total = 105 Marks

GRAND TOTAL = 150 MARKS

Guideline to conduct the research project :

1. The research project shall be designed by the student in consultation with the mentor
assigned to the student and the same project can be continued by the students in semester
IV also.
2. Research project to be accomplished is an individual activity and not a group venture.
3. Any competent person with relevant qualifications and research experience can be chosen
by the student or requested to be assigned from head of the department.
4. If the travel is involved in the research project for any purpose such as collection of data,
reference papers, attending the conferences/ symposia/ paper presentations etc., a prior
written request from the student duly singed by the mentor and the parents/local guardian

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M. Sc. II ( Zoology ) Semester III & IV

should be compulsorily submitted to the department. Failing in submission of such letter

would be liable for disciplinary action.
5. Preparation of the research project such as collection of the reference papers, secondary
data, setting of the objectives etc. could be started when the student is admitted in M. Sc.
Part -1 class. The practical or physical work of the research project could be started by
the students at the beginning of 2nd semester / end of 2nd semester.
6. No monetary help of any nature shall be provided by the department or the College for
completion of the research project.
7. Special leave will not be granted for completion of the research project.
8. A disciplinary action may be taken if the students are found guilty of absentia from
regular theory or practical classes under the pretext of completion of the research project.
9. Use of all departmental facilities such chemicals, glasswares, instruments, animal house,
stationary, printing facilities and any other consumable is allowed only after submission
of requisition form to the head of the department duly signed by the student and the
mentor.
10. Aims and objectives of the project, Abstract, Introduction, Literature review, Materials
and methodology, Results and Observations, Discussion, Conclusion, and bibliography
(Webliography if applicable) are the compulsory components of the research project
report.
11. Tables and graphs should be made using Microsoft excel and data should be interpreted
using biostatistical tools only.
12. Photograph courtesy should be acknowledged if any photograph from external sources is
used.
13. It is compulsory to submit a soft copy and hard bound copy of the research project report
to the department.
14. If any data form the project is published, it should be informed, and a copy of the
published work should be submitted to the department.
15. Project shall be assessed by the external examiners and in consultation of the
mentor.

END OF SEM - IV

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