UNIT-3

Blockchaintechnology is most simplydefinedas a decentralized, distributed ledger

that records the provenance of a digital asset.

Grid coin

Gridcoinis an open-sourceblockchainthat mints and distributescryptocurrency. It is

secured through a proof-of-stake protocol and monitors processing contributions to
BOINC.Gridcoincan be bought and sold in exchange for conventional currencies,
such as the USD, or it can be traded oncryptocurrencyexchanges

How do I get Gridcoin?

To earnGridcoin, you need to crunch whitelisted BOINC projects on teamGridcoin.

You must install the BOINC client and select several BOINC projects. Forgetting
Gridcoin, see step 3. You can also start out by pool mining, which needs
noGridcointogetrewards.

Worth of Grid coin:

•GridCoin pricetoday is $0.009239 USD with a 24-hour trading volume of $329.64

USD. AboutGridCoin.GridCoin Price$0.009239 USD.
How and where to buy Grid Coin(GRC)

•Step 1:BuyBTC or ETH at Coinbase. Sign up andpurchaseBTC or ETH at Coinbase.

•Step 2: Go to a supporting GRC exchange: Transfer your newly purchased BTC or
ETH from your Coinbase wallet to one of the exchanges listed below. OpenLedger
DEX.BUY. C-Cex.BUY. CoinSwitch

.BUY. ALL GRC EXCHANGES.Is crypto is a Currency?

•Cryptocurrencyis digital money. That means there's no physicalcoinor bill — it's all
online. You can transfercryptocurrencyto someone online without a go-between, like
a bank. Bitcoin and Ether are well-known cryptocurrencies, but new cryptocurrencies
continue to be created.

Advantages

Can solve larger, more complex problems in a shorter time Easier to collaborate
with other organizations Make better use of existing hardware

Disadvantages 

Grid software and standards are still evolving Learning curve to get started Non-
interactive job submission

Folding Coin:
FoldingCoin (FLDC) is a digital token that compensates participants (folders) for
their Folding@home (FAH) computational power. With growing community support,
more folders are consistently joining the FAH network, to help find cures for cancer,
Alzheimer's, and many other viral diseases. With the Merged Folding platform, you
can earn more than just FLDC, but also other cryptocurrencies.

To start earning FLDC, please use ourFOLDING BROWSER if you are on

Windows, as this will ensure that you are setup correctly to receive FLDC and our
partner coinCURECOIN

WHAT IS FOLDING@HOME?

Folding@home(FAH) is a project by Stanford University that has been running since

October 2000. FAH uses idle computer power to help simulate how proteins fold in
the human body. This research is then used to help researchers find cures for diseases
such as cancer and Alzheimer's.

Researchers normally have to spend millions of dollars on Supercomputers to do these

simulations. With FAH and the power of the internet, the workload is broken up into
small Work Units (WU) and sent to anyone who downloads and runs the FAH
program on their computer. This allows Stanford to get the research done without the
need of Supercomputers, but rather with the help of many individuals running the
program. What are the benefits of FoldingCoin?

•FoldingCoin Technology

•FoldingCoin runs thePHP codeon its commercial hosting provider to keep track of
the FLDC coins awarded to the users. The code awards 2500,000 FLDC coins in a
day in proportion to the FAH credits earned by a user in a period of 24 hours.

•FLDC also usesLetsTalkBitcoin! (LTB)to build a crypto space for its user
community. LTB has authorized the FoldingCoin platform to use its automated
distributor facility to improve upon its transactional reward processes.

•The project also uses LTB’sToken Controlled Access (TCA)platform to provide a

communication platform to its participants. TCA creates private forums that allow the
users to hold conversations that are accessible to only those who have FLDC funds

WHAT DOES FOLDINGCOIN DO?

FoldingCoin provides an incentive to Folders by distributing FLDC and other tokens,

based on the amount of computational power contributed to FAH. Stanford has
aSTATS PAGEthat tracks all the work being completed by each individual folder.
Folders earn "points" by completing WUs in a timely manner. At the end of each
month, the FoldingCoin organization downloads the stats of each folder and
distributes FLDC proportionate to the amount of completed work.

FoldingCoin's primary objective is to contribute to the humanitarian cause of the FAH

project by substantially increasing the FAH network by providing an incentive-based
rewards FLDC is built on theCounterpartyprotocol which allows for tokens to be built
within the Bitcoin blockchain. So every FLDC transaction is actually a Bitcoin
transaction as well.FLDC is shared in the same walletthat you can hold Bitcoin and
other Counterparty tokens in. Earning FLDC can help offset the electricity cost and
bring motivation to Folders to buy bigger and better Folding Rigs.

Features of Folding coin?

•Common hardware

•Counter party

•Ease to setup

•Large user base

•Nonprofit

How to Buy and store FLDC?

•FoldingCoin’s crypto currency FLDC is available for purchase on exchanges

likePoloniex, Bittrex, Counterparty, UpBitandHuobi.

• CoinSwitch, asthe largestcryptocurrencyconversion platform, offers you the ability

to exchange your cryptos for FLDC. You have the option to go through over 45,000
pairs of crypto exchange to choose your preferred one.

•What’s more - with CoinSwitch, you do not rely on a separate wallet from the
exchange to store your FoldingCoin cryptocurrency. Instead, all transactions happen
to and from your own personal private wallets.

Storage:

•FoldingCoin’s own wallet is a reliable means of storage for FLDC coins. Users can
download the wallet from its official website.

•Furthermore, FLDC in an ERC20 compliant coin. One of the most suitable options
for storing FLDC coins, therefore, is the myEtherWallet. You have to first visit the
website and create an account, if you don't already have one. Download the keystore
file and back it up at a safe location. You will then receive a private key to your
wallet. Get a printout of this key for safety purposes.

Blockchain Genomics:

Blockchain technology has enormous potential to build the systems of the future and
shape the medical world in new ways. A blockchain is a digital, decentralized public
ledger designed to record every data on its network. Blockchain is widely deployed
in various sectors, such as finance, education, healthcare, etc.

 Blockchain technology may be new, but it is already playing a major role in

healthcare, especially in genomic medicine.
 As the technology becomes more widely used in genomics, Scientists will be
able to gain a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms.
 This knowledge will help scientists develop better therapies and interventions
for a variety of diseases while maintaining privacy and security.

Why Blockchain in Genomics?

Below are some of the points to understand why blockchain is useful in genomics:
 Genomic Data Security: Genomics data is very sensitive and crucial, from a
data security perspective, blockchain provides excellent data security and
integrity. Security methods such as encryption are useful in combating data
breaches, but they do not provide complete protection. Many systems of big
organizations with the highest level of security are penetrated by hackers.
However, blockchain technology helps organizations by providing better
protection against data breaches. Blockchain uses hashing techniques to store
data securely, which helps the company in securing data and also helps in data
sharing.
 Genomic Data Sharing: Using genomic data and the blockchain network, it is
now possible to send anonymous genetic information around the world. The
decentralization nature of blockchain allows easy and secure data exchange
between organizations. Information can be stored in a special ledger in a
blockchain database that keeps the information secure.
 Immutability of genomic data: Blockchain provides immutability of genomic
data for organizations, helping organizations protect information. Due to the
decentralized structure of blockchain technology, genomic data cannot be
modified, so any changes will be reflected on all nodes, so no one cheats here,
and it can be said that genomic data sharing is very safe.
 Efficiency: The organization uses blockchain technology for efficiency reasons,
as blockchain eliminates any third-party interference between genomic data
sharing and errors, making the system more efficient and faster. As a result,
sharing data becomes easier, smoother, and faster.
 Cost Reduction: Since blockchain does not require a third person, it reduces
costs for organizations and gives trust to other partners. Before blockchain
technology, organizations spends lots of money, as they have to hire a third
person to maintain all the things which blockchain technology does.

Why Blockchain Technology Suitable For Bioinformatics and Healthcare

Applications?

Blockchain plays an important role in bioinformatics and health applications as it

reduces the cost of analysis in genomics and health applications.
 Transactions of data on blockchain systems are faster and more efficient than
traditional processes.
 The biggest advantage of the blockchain is that the data recorded in the central
system can be manipulated, while the data in the blockchain cannot be
manipulated. Since it is a distributed system, every data transaction with the
blockchain becomes more transparent and traceable.
 Blockchain prevents fraud and unauthorized activity better than other systems.

Why Blockchain Technology Not Suitable For Bioinformatics and Healthcare

Applications?

 In genomics and healthcare, the biggest problem is that people don’t want to
share the raw data directly because, with the help of entire genome data, people
can be detected and information about their ancestry can be obtained.
 In blockchain transactions, data is stored in its hash value rather than the original
data.
 Neither current nor blockchain-based genomics and healthcare systems can
provide complete anonymity until people use wearable devices to obtain their
own analysis results.

Current Trends in Blockchain-Based Systems in Genomics

Let’s take a look at the era of blockchain-based systems to better understand current
trends. According to the NLM (National Library of Medicine) paper, the era of
blockchain-based systems in genomics is divided into three eras, as follows:

1. Proof of Concept Era (From 2016 To 2018): Since the blockchain concept is
new to the field in this era, the proposed application requires core development. The
main goal of this era is to provide an efficient application to prove that the
blockchain platform can be used for health management systems. In this era,
blockchain platforms have:

 Include genomic data sharing and EHR sharing, while in other era research are
conducted only for EHR sharing.
 In this era, the detailed architecture of the blockchain-based healthcare system
was designed, while in other eras, the proposed method integrated other
technologies into the system by reducing the blockchain part over time.
2. Blockchain Development Era (From 2019 To 2020): In this era, complex
cloud-based and encryption-based applications are mainly proposed. The main
research areas during this period were:

 The research focuses on designing a blockchain-based healthcare system, as in

the first era.
 The research focus is not on disease prediction and patient monitoring methods,
but on the use of various cryptographic techniques in the system to increase the
security of the system, the implementation of blockchain-enabled modules, and
evaluation of performance.
3. Blockchain As a Platform Era (From 2021 To Present Day): In this era,
blockchain is converted into a platform that has additional AI-based algorithms
running on the blockchain platform. This period can be considered the first period in
building a data ecosystem using blockchain technology. The main research areas
during this period were:

 The research focus is on the development of a blockchain-based healthcare

system with patient monitoring and disease prediction capabilities.
 Artificial intelligence methods have been integrated into the system to pay more
attention to these issues and evaluate the performance of the system from this
perspective
Bit Coin MOOCs

The acronym MOOCs stands for Massive Open Online Courses. These are online
courses that are designed to be accessible to a large number of learners from around
the world. MOOCs are typically open to anyone who wants to enroll, and they often
provide free or low-cost access to educational content.

When you refer to "Bitcoin MOOCs," you are likely talking about Massive Open
Online Courses that focus on Bitcoin and related topics. These courses are designed to
educate individuals about Bitcoin, its technology, its applications, and the broader
blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystem. Bitcoin MOOCs can cover a wide range of
topics, including:

Introduction to Bitcoin: An overview of what Bitcoin is, its history, and its basic
principle

Bitcoin Technology: Explaining the underlying technology of Bitcoin, including

blockchain, mining, and cryptographic concepts.

Bitcoin Economics: Discussing the economic aspects of Bitcoin, such as its monetary
policy, supply cap, and potential impact on the financial system.

Bitcoin Trading and Investment: Providing information on how to buy, sell, and
invest in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin Security: Teaching users how to safely store and manage their Bitcoin
holdings to protect against theft and hacking.

Bitcoin and Legal/Regulatory Issues: Addressing the legal and regulatory aspects of
Bitcoin in different countries and regions.

Bitcoin Development: Covering topics related to Bitcoin software development and

the open-source nature of the Bitcoin network.

Bitcoin MOOCs are valuable resources for individuals who want to gain a deeper
understanding of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency, whether for personal interest, academic
study, or professional development. They are often offered by universities, online
learning platforms, or specialized cryptocurrency organizations.