CHEMISTRY
[2024-2025]
PROJECT REPORT
ON
THE DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENTS
IN COLD DRINKS
PREPARED BY :
STD :
ROLL NO :
TABLE OF CONTENTS
*CERTIFICATE
*DECLARATION
*ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
*PROJECT REPOET
*CONCLUSION
*BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
“THE DETERMINATION OF CONTENTS IN
COLD DRINKS” is the bonafide Record of the work done by
__________________ , Exam No. ______________ under
the guidance of Mr. S. Sadik Ali Post Graduate Teacher in
Chemistry in partial fulfillment of the reqirement for the
award of 12th standard during the Academic year 2024-2025
this project is absolutely genuine and does not indulge in
plagiarism of any kind the references taken in making this
project have been declared at the end of this report.
INTERNAL EXAMINER PRINCIPAL
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
DECLARATION
I, the undersigned,________________,Exam.No __________
of std XII, hereby declare that the project work entitled “THE
DETERMINATION OF CONTENTS IN COLD DRINKS”
sumbmitted to the Department of Chemistry, Saratha
International Sr . Sec.School, Gobichettipalayam, is my own
work and has been carried out under the supervision of
Mr. S. Sadik Ali , Post Graduate Teacher in Chemistry, of
Saratha International Senior Secondary School.
_______________
CLASS XII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be incomplete without
mentioning the name of those persons who helped us make it possible.
I thank my God for providing me with everything that I required in
completing this project.
It is our humble pleasure to acknowledge our deep sense of gratitude to
our Chemistry teacher, Mr. S. Sadik Ali, Post Graduate Teacher in
Chemistry for his valuable support, constant help and guidance as well
as providing necessary information regarding this project would have
not come forth.
We also register our sense of gratitude to our beloved principal
Mr.Geo Jhon for his encouragement, and for providing me library
references, and coumpter lab for internet reference, etc that has made
this project successful.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents for their kind
co-operation and encouragement which helped me in this completing
of this project.
We also thank our school management for encouraging us during the
course of this project.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing
the project and to people who have willing helped me out with their
abilities.
We would like to convey our sincere thanks to CBSE board for giving
us this opportunity
Abstract
In recent days, soft drink brands were put into
various questions regarding their purity. News
flashed that they contain harmful pesticide, which
arouse many interest in knowing its contents because
I have been drinking them for years. I wanted to
confirm that whether the charge imposed on these
brands are true or not.
Another fact which inspired me to do this project is
that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose
knowledge with other factors helped me to do so.
CONTENTS
I. Introduction
II. Theory
III. Apparatus
IV. Chemicals Required
V. Detection of pH
VI. Test for Carbon Dioxide
VII. Test for Glucose
VIII. Test for Phosphate
IX. Test for Alcohol
X. Test for Sucrose
XI. Result
XII. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of
companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi
and Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of
people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give
feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to
activate pulse and brain.
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid
which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
CX (H2O)Y.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C 12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder
Test Tube Stand
Stop Watch
Beaker
Burner
pH Paper
Tripod Stand
China Dish
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
CHEMICALS
REQUIRED
Iodine Solution
Potassium Iodine
Sodium Hydroxide
Fehling’s A & B Solution
Lime Water
Concentrated HNO3
Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate
DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed
and was compared with the standard pH scale.
OBSERVATION
COLOUR
SR.NO. NAME OF THE DRINK pH VALUE
CHANGE
1 COCA COLA PINK 2.5-3
2 SPRITE RED 3
3 LIMCA PINKISH 4
4 FANTA LIGHT ORANGE 3-4
INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.
OBSERVATON
TIME TAKEN
SR,NO. NAME OF THE DRINK CONCLUSION
(SEC)
1 COCACOLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT
2 SPRITE 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA 35 CO2 IS PRESENT
4 FANTA 36 CO2 IS PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g)----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s)
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-
1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:-
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated
for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR.NO. NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
1 COCA COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
2 SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube
and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added
in equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR.NO. NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
1 COCA COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
2 SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
3 LIMCA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS
4 FANTA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B)
solutions. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO 3)
was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow
precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR.NO. NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
CANARY- YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
1 COCA COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY- YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
2 SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY- YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
CANARY- YELLOW PHOCPHATE IS
4 FANTA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all
the cold drinks contain phosphate.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+---------- (NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+ 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENT
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot
water bath for 30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks
OBSERVATION
SR.NO. NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
1 COCA COLA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
2 SPRITE
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA
PRECIPITATE PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.
CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O
TEST FOR SUCROSE
EXPERIMENT
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china
dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored
residue left confirmed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.
OBSERVATION
SR.NO. NAME OF DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
SUCROSE IS
1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT
SUCROSE IS
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE
PRESENT
INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of
cold drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All
cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different
brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four
brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum
amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION
DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause problems in diabetes
patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY
BY- VEENA SURI
DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY
BY- S.K. MALHOTRA
WEBSITES —
http://www.cbseportal.com
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