OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

HYDERABAD,TELANGANA

Mathematics Course Structure

([Link]. Common Core Syllabus for All Universities of Telangana State for the Students
Admitted from the Academic Year 2019-2020 Batch onwards)
Contents
1 [Link]. Course Structure Template 2
1.1 Differential and Integral Calculus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Differential Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.3 Real Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Algebra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Linear Algebra .......................................................................................... 11
1.6 Numerical Analysis ................................................................................... 12
1.7 Integral Transforms ..................................................................................... 13
1.8 Analytical Solid Geometry ........................................................................ 14
1.9 Theory of Equations ................................................................................. 15
1.10 Logic and Sets ........................................................................................... 16
1.11 Number Theory ......................................................................................... 17
1.12 Vector Calculus ......................................................................................... 18
1.13 Basic Mathematics .................................................................................... 19
1.14 Mathematics for Economics and Finance ................................................. 20
1.15 Mathematical Modeling ............................................................................ 21

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1 [Link]. Course Structure Template

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 OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD
B.A/[Link]. Mathematics Course Structure
(Common Core Syllabus for All Universities of Telangana State for the Students Admitted
from the Academic Year 2019-20 Batch onwards)
Hours/ Hours/per week Max.
Paper Semester Subject per week Theory *Tutorials
Credits
Marks
Differential & Integral
DSC - I I 6 5 1 100 5
Calculus

DSC - II II Differential Equations 6 5 1 100 5

DSC - III III Real Analysis 6 5 1 100 5

DSC - IV IV Algebra 6 5 1 100 5

DSC - V V Linear Algebra 6 5 1 100 5

DSE – VI(A) VI (A) Numerical Analysis 6 5 1 100 5

DSE – VI(B) VI (B) Integral Transforms 6 5 1 100 5
DSE – VI(C) VI (C) Analytical Solid Geometry 6 5 1 100 5
SEC-I III Communication Skills 2 2 - 50 2
(OR)
Professional Skills
SEC-II III (A) Theory of Equations 2 2 - 50 2
(OR)
(B) Logic & Sets
SEC-III IV Leadership & Management 2 2 - 50 2
Skill
(OR)
Universal Human Values
SEC-IV IV (A) Number Theory 2 2 - 50 2
(OR)
(B) Vector Calculus
V (A) Basic Mathematics
Generic (OR)
4 4 - 100 4
Elective (B) Mathematics for Economics
& Finance
Project/
VI Mathematical Modelling 4 4 - 100 4
Optional **

*Tutorials: Problems solving session for each 20 student’s one batch.

**The students are required to opt either the optional paper Mathematical Modeling or Project.
 SEMESTER-I

1.1 Differential and Integral Calculus

(w.e.f. academic year 2019-20)

DSC-1A BS:101

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week
Objective: The course is aimed at exposing the students to some basic notions in differential
calculus.
Outcome: By the time students complete the course they realize wide ranging applications of the
subject.

Unit- I
Partial Differentiation: Introduction - Functions of two variables - Neighborhood of a point
(a, b) - Continuity of a Function of two variables, Continuity at a point - Limit of a Function of
two variables - Partial Derivatives - Geometrical representation of a Function of two Variables -
Homogeneous Functions.

Unit- II
Theorem on Total Differentials - Composite Functions - Differentiation of Composite Functions -
Implicit Functions - Equality of fxy(a, b) and fyz(a, b) - Taylor’s theorem for a function of two Variables
- Maxima and Minima of functions of two variables – Lagrange’s Method of undetermined -
multipliers.

Unit- III
Curvature and Evolutes: Introduction - Definition of Curvature - Radius of Curvature - Length
of Arc as a Function, Derivative of arc - Radius of Curvature - Cartesian Equations - Newtonian
Method - Centre of Curvature - Chord of Curvature.
Evolutes: Evolutes and Involutes - Properties of the evolute.
Envelopes: One Parameter Family of Curves - Consider the family of straight lines - Definition -
Determination of Envelope.

Unit- IV
Lengths of Plane Curves: Introduction - Expression for the lengths of curves y = f (x) -
Expressions for the length of arcs x = f (y); x = f (t), y = ϕ(t); r = f (θ)
Volumes and Surfaces of Revolution: Introduction - Expression for the volume obtained by
revolving about either axis - Expression for the volume obtained by revolving about any line -
Area of the surface of the frustum of a cone - Expression for the surface of revolution - Pappus Theorems
- Surface of revolution.

Text:
• Shanti Narayan, P.K. Mittal Differential Calculus, [Link], NEW DELHI
• Shanti Narayan Integral Calculus, [Link], NEW DELHI
• References:

• William Anthony Granville, Percey F Smith and William Raymond Longley; Elements of the
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 differential and integral calculus

• Joseph Edwards , Differential calculus for beginners

• Smith and Minton, Calculus
• Elis Pine, How to Enjoy Calculus
• Hari Kishan, Differential Calculus

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 SEMESTER-II

1.2 Differential Equations

(w.e.f. academic year 2019-20)

DSC-1B BS:201

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week
Objective: The main aim of this course is to introduce the students to the techniques of solving
differential equations and to train to apply their skills in solving some of the problems of engineering
and science.
Outcome: After learning the course the students will be equipped with the various tools to solve
few types differential equations that arise in several branches of science.

Unit- I
Differential Equations of first order and first degree: Introduction - Equations in which
Variables are Separable - Homogeneous Differential Equations - Differential Equations Reducible to
Homogeneous Form - Linear Differential Equations - Differential Equations Reducible to Linear Form -
Exact differential equations - Integrating Factors - Change in variables - Total Differential Equations -
Simultaneous Total Differential Equations - Equations of the form
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= =
𝑃 𝑄 𝑅

Unit- II
Differential Equations first order but not of first degree: Equations Solvable for p -
Equations Solvable for y - Equations Solvable for x - Equations that do not contain x (or y)-
Equations Homogeneous in x and y - Equations of the First Degree in x and y - Clairaut’s equation.
Applications of First Order Differential Equations : Growth and Decay - Dynamics of
Tumour Growth - Radioactivity and Carbon Dating - Compound Interest - Orthogonal Trajectories.

Unit- III
Higher order Linear Differential Equations: Solution of homogeneous linear differential
equations with constant coefficients - Solution of non-homogeneous differential equations P (D)y =
Q(x) with constant coefficients by means of polynomial operators when Q(x) = beax, b sin ax/b cos ax,
bxk, V eax - Method of undetermined coefficients.

Unit- IV
Method of variation of parameters - Linear differential equations with non constant coefficients -
The Cauchy - Euler Equation - Legendre’s Linear Equations - Miscellaneous Differential Equations.
Partial Differential Equations: Formation and solution- Equations easily integrable - Linear
equations of first order.

Text:
• Zafar Ahsan,Differential Equations and Their Applications
References

Frank Ayres Jr, Theory and Problems of Differential Equations.

• Ford, L.R ; Differential Equations.

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• Daniel Murray, Differential Equations.
• S. Balachandra Rao, Differential Equations with Applications and Programs.
• Stuart P Hastings, J Bryce McLead; Classical Methods in Ordinary Differential Equations.

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 SEMESTER-III

1.3 Real Analysis

(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

DSC-1C BS:301

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials:1hours/week
Objective: The course is aimed at exposing the students to the foundations of analysis which will
be useful in understanding various physical phenomena.
Outcome: After the completion of the course students will be in a position to appreciate beauty
and applicability of the course.

Unit- I
Sequences: Limits of Sequences- A Discussion about Proofs-Limit Theorems for Sequences-
Monotone Sequences and Cauchy Sequences -Subsequences-Lim sup’s and Lim inf’s-Series-Alternating
Series and Integral Tests .

Unit- II
Continuity: Continuous Functions -Properties of Continuous Functions -Uniform Continuity -
Limits of Functions

Unit- III
Differentiation: Basic Properties of the Derivative - The Mean Value Theorem - L ’Hospital Rule –
Taylor ’s Theorem.

Unit- IV
Integration : The Riemann Integral - Properties of Riemann Integral-Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus.

Text:
• Kenneth A Ross,Elementary Analysis-The Theory of Calculus
References:
• S.C. Malik and Savita Arora, Mathematical Analysis, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Age
International (P) Limited, New Delhi, 1994.

• William F. Trench, Introduction to Real Analysis

• Lee Larson , Introduction to Real Analysis I
• Shanti Narayan and Mittal, Mathematical Analysis
• Brian S. Thomson, Judith B. Bruckner, Andrew M. Bruckner; Elementary Real analysis
• Sudhir R., Ghorpade, Balmohan V., Limaye; A Course in Calculus and Real Analysis

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 SEMESTER-IV

1.4 Algebra
(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

DSC-1D BS:401
Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits
Theory: 5 hours /week and
Tutorials: 1 hours /week
Objective: The course is aimed at exposing the students to learn some basic algebraic structures
like groups, rings etc.
Outcome: On successful completion of the course students will be able to recognize algebraic
structures that arise in matrix algebra, linear algebra and will be able to apply the skills learnt in
understanding various such subjects.

Unit- I
Groups: Definition and Examples of Groups- Elementary Properties of Groups-Finite Groups -
Subgroups -Terminology and Notation -Subgroup Tests - Examples of Subgroups.
Cyclic Groups: Properties of Cyclic Groups - Classification of Subgroups Cyclic Groups.

Unit- II
Permutation Groups: Definition and Notation -Cycle Notation-Properties of Permutations -A
Check Digit Scheme Based on D5. Isomorphisms ; Motivation- Definition and Examples -Cayley’s
Theorem Properties of Isomorphisms -Automorphisms-Cosets and Lagrange’s Theorem Properties
of Cosets 138 - Lagrange’s Theorem and Consequences-An Application of Cosets to Permutation
Groups -The Rotation Group of a Cube and a Soccer Ball.

Unit- III
Normal Subgroups and Factor Groups: Normal Subgroups-Factor Groups -Applications of
Factor Groups -Group Homomorphisms - Definition and Examples -Properties of Homomorphisms
-The First Isomorphism Theorem.
Introduction to Rings: Motivation and Definition -Examples of Rings -Properties of Rings -
Subrings.
Integral Domains: Definition and Examples - Fields –Characteristics of a Ring.

Unit- IV
Ideals and Factor Rings: Ideals -Factor Rings -Prime Ideals and Maximal Ideals.
Ring Homomorphisms: Definition and Examples-Properties of Ring- Homomorphisms.

Text:
• Joseph A Gallian, Contemporary Abstract algebra (9th edition)
References:
• Bhattacharya, P.B Jain, S.K.; and Nagpaul, S.R,Basic Abstract Algebra
• Fraleigh, J.B, A First Course in Abstract Algebra.
• Herstein, I.N, Topics in Algebra
• Robert B. Ash, Basic Abstract Algebra
• I Martin Isaacs, Finite Group Theory
• Joseph J Rotman, Advanced Modern Algebra

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 SEMESTER-V

1.5 Linear Algebra

(w.e.f. academic year 2021-22)

DSC-E BS:501

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week

Objective: The students are exposed to various concepts like vector spaces , bases , dimension,
Eigen values etc.
Outcome: After completion this course students appreciate its interdisciplinary nature.

Unit- I
Vector Spaces: Vector Spaces and Subspaces -Null Spaces, Column Spaces, and Linear Transformations
-Linearly Independent Sets; Bases -Coordinate Systems -The Dimension of a Vector Space

Unit- II
Rank-Change of Basis - Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors - The Characteristic Equation

Unit- III
Diagonalization -Eigenvectors and Linear Transformations -Complex Eigenvalues - Applications to
Differential Equations.

Unit- IV
Orthogonality and Least Squares : Inner Product, Length, and Orthogonality -Orthogonal
Sets -Orthogonal Projections - The Gram-Schmidt Process.

Text:

• David C Lay,Linear Algebra and its Applications 4e

References:

• S Lang, Introduction to Linear Algebra

• Gilbert Strang , Linear Algebra and its Applications
• Stephen H. Friedberg, Arnold J. Insel, Lawrence E. Spence; Linear Algebra
• Kuldeep Singh; Linear Algebra
• Sheldon Axler; Linear Algebra Done Right

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 SEMESTER-VI

1.6 Numerical Analysis

(w.e.f. academic year 2021-22)

DSE-VI(A) BS:601/A

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week

Objective: Students will be made to understand some methods of numerical analysis.

Outcome: Students realize the importance of the subject in solving some problems of algebra and
calculus.

Unit- I
Errors in Numerical Calculations - Solutions of Equations in One Variable: The Bisection
Method - The Iteration Method - The Method of False Position-Newton’s Method - Muller’s Method
- solution of Systems of Nonlinear Equations.

Unit- II
Interpolation and Polynomial Approximation: Interpolation - Finite Differences - Differences
of Polynomials - Newton’s formula for Interpolation - Gauss’s central differences formulae - Stirling’s
and Bessel’s formula - Lagrange’s Interpolation Polynomial - Divided Differences - Newton’s
General Interpolation formula - Inverse Interpolation.

Unit- III
Curve Fitting: Least Square Curve Fitting: Fitting a Straight Line-Nonlinear Curve Fitting.
Numerical Differentiation and Integration: Numerical Differentiation - Numerical Integration:
Trapezoidal Rule-Simpson’s 1/3rd-Rule and Simpson’s 3/8th-Rule - Boole’s and Weddle’s Rule -
Newton’s Cotes Integration Formulae.

Unit- IV
Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations: Taylor’s Series Method - Picard’s Method -
Euler’s Methods - Runge Kutta Methods.

Text:
• [Link],Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, PHI
References:
• Richard L. Burden and J. Douglas Faires, Numerical Analysis (9e)
• M K Jain, S R K Iyengar and R K Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering computation
• [Link] , A Friendly introduction to Numerical Analysis

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 SEMESTER-VI

1.7 Integral Transforms

(w.e.f. academic year 2021-22)

DSE – V I ( B) BS:601/B

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week

Objective: Students will be exposed to Integral Transforms. The students also learning the
Applications of Laplace Transforms to Differential Equations which arises in Physics and Engineering
Problems.
Outcome: Students apply their knowledge to solve some problems on special functions and
Differential Equations by using the Integral Transforms.

Unit- I
Laplace Transforms-Definition-Existence theorem-Laplace transforms of derivatives and integrals
– Periodic functions and some special functions.

Unit- II
Inverse Transformations - Convolution theorem - Heaviside’s expansion formula.

Unit- III
Applications to ordinary differential equations - solutions of simultaneous ordinary differential
equations - Applications to Partial differential equations.

Unit- IV
Fourier Transforms- Sine and cosine transforms-Inverse Fourier Transforms.

Text:

• Vasishtha and Gupta,Integral Transforms, Krishna Prakashan Media(P), Ltd,Meerut (2e)

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 SEMESTER-VI

1.8 Analytical Solid Geometry

(w.e.f. academic year 2021-22)

DSE – VI(C) BS:601/C

Theory: 5 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 5 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week

Objective: Students learn to describe some of the surfaces by using analytical geometry.
Outcome: Students understand the beautiful interplay between algebra and geometry.

Unit- I
Sphere: Definition-The Sphere Through Four Given Points-Equations of a Circle- Intersection of
a Sphere and a Line-Equation of a Tangent Plane-Angle of Intersection of Two Spheres-Radical
Plane.

Unit- II
Cones and Cylinders: Definition-Condition that the General Equation of second degree Represents
a Cone-Cone and a Plane through its Vertex -Intersection of a Line with a Cone.

Unit- III
The Right Circular Cone-The Cylinder- The Right Circular Cylinder.

Unit- IV
The Conicoid: The General Equation of the Second Degree-Intersection of Line with a Conicoid-
Plane of contact-Enveloping Cone and Cylinder.

Text:

• Shanti Narayan and P K Mittal,Analytical Solid Geometry (17e)

References:

• Khaleel Ahmed, Analytical Solid Geometry

• S L Loney , Solid Geometry
• Smith and Minton, Calculus

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Semester –III Sec - 1

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Semester –III Sec - 1

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 1.9 Theory of Equations
(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

SEMESTER-III
SEC-II (A)

Theory: 2 credits
Theory: 2 hours /week

Objective: Students learn the relation between roots and coefficients of a polynomial equation,
Descartes’s rule of signs in finding the number of positive and negative roots if any of a polynomial
equation bsides some other concepts.
Outcome: By using the concepts learnt the students are expected to solve some of the polynomial
equations.

Unit- I
Graphic representation of a polynomial-Maxima and minima values of polynomials-Theorems
relating to the real roots of equations-Existence of a root in the general equation -Imaginary roots-
Theorem determining the number of roots of an equation-Equal roots-Imaginary roots enter
equations in pairs-Descartes’ rule of signs for positive roots- Descartes’ rule of signs for negative
roots.

Unit- II
Relations between the roots and coefficients-Theorem-Applications of the theorem-Depression of
an equation when a relation exists between two of its roots-The cube roots of unity Symmetric
functions of the roots-examples.

Text:

• W.S. Burnside and A.W. Panton,The Theory of Equations

References:

• C. C. Mac Duffee, Theory of Equations

• Hall and Knight , Higher Algebra

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 1.10 Logic and Sets
(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

SEMESTER-III
SEC – II (B)
Theory: 4 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits
Theory: 4 hours /week and
Tutorials: 1 hours/week

Objective: Students learn some concepts in set theory and logic.

Outcome: After the completion of the course students appreciate its importance in the development
of computer science.

Unit- I
Basic Connectives and truth tables - Logical equivalence : Laws of Logic - Logical Implication :
Rules Inference : The Use of Quantifiers - Quantifiers, Definitions, and proofs of Theorems.

Unit- II
Sets and Subsets - Set Operations and the Laws of Set Theory - Counting and Venn Diagrams -
A First Word on Probability - The axioms of Probability - Conditional Probability: Independence
- Discrete Random variables .

Text:

• Ralph P Grimaldi,Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics (5e)

References:

• P R Halmos, Naı̈ve Set Theory

• E Kamke , Theory of Sets

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Semester – IV Sec- II

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Semester – IV Sec-II

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 1.11 Number Theory
(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

SEMESTER-IV
SEC-IV (A) Theory : 2credits
Theory : 2 hours /week

Objective: Students will be exposed to some of the jewels like Fermat’s theorem, Euler’s theorem
in the number theory.
Outcome: Student uses the knowledge acquired solving some divisor problems.

Unit- I
The Goldbach conjecture - Basic properties of congruences- Binary and Decimal Representation of
lntegers - Number Theoretic Functions; The Sum and Number of divisors- The Mobius Inversion
Formula- The Greatest integer function.

Unit- II
Euler’s generalization of Fermat’s Theorem: Euler’s Phi function- Euler’s theorem Some Properties
of the Euler’s Phi function.

Text:

• David M Burton,Elementary Number Theory (7e)

References:

• Thomas Koshy, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications

• Kenneth H Rosen, Elementary Number Theory

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 1.12 Vector Calculus
(w.e.f. academic year 2020-21)

SEMESTER-IV
SEC-IV (B) Theory:2credits
Theory:2hours/week

Objective: Concepts like gradient, divergence, curl and their physical relevance will be taught.
Outcome: Students realize the way vector calculus is used to addresses some of the problems of
physics.

Unit- I
Line Integrals: Introductory Example - Work done against a Force-Evaluation of Line Integrals
Conservative Vector Fields.
Surface Integrals: Introductory Example : Flow Through a PipeEvaluation of Surface Integrals.

Unit- II
Volume Integrals: Evaluation of Volume integrals
Gradient, Divergence and Curl: Partial differentiation and Taylor series-Partial differentiation
Taylor series in more than one variable-Gradient of a scalar field-Gradients, conservative fields and
potentials-Physical applications of the gradient.

Text:

• P.C. Matthews,Vector Calculus

References:

• G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus

• H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis ; Calculus
• Smith and Minton, Calculus

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S
SEMESTER-V

1.13 Basic Mathematics

Generic Elective - V(A) BS:502(A)

Theory: 4 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 4 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week

Objective: Students learn the techniques which have been applied successfully to an increasingly
wide variety of complex problems in business. Also learn the scientific approach to managerial
decision making.

Outcome: Student realizes how the quantitative analysis will be an aid to decision-making process.
Also the quantitative analysis how it will be linked with other information in making decisions.

Unit- I
Coordinate Geometry: Fundamentals – Cartesian Coordinates system – Polar Coordinates –
Distance Formula – Section Formula -Centroid of a Triangle – Area of a Triangle.( Chapter 11)

Unit- II
Straight Line: Introduction - Definitions of the Terms - Different Forms of the Equations of a
Straight Line - Distance of a point from a Straight Line - Angle between two Lines and Condition
of Parallelism and Perpendicularity of Lines - Point of intersection of Two Lines – Condition
of Concurrency of Three Given Straight Lines - Position of a Point with respect to a given
Line.(Chapter 13)

Unit- III
Matrices: Introduction - Definitions and Notations - Operations on Matrices - Determinant of
a Square Matrix - Non Singular matrix and Singular Matrix - Sarrus Diagram for Expansion of
Determinant of a matrix 3X3 - Properties of Determinants.(15.1,15.2,15.3,15.5.1,15.5.2,15.5.3 of
Chapter 15)

Unit- IV
Linear System of Equations: Conversion of a business problem into a Linear System of
Equations – Rank of a Matrix – Application of Rank concept – Minor and Cofactor – Adjoint of a
Square matrix -Inverse of a Square Matrix – Matrix Equation – Methods to Solve Linear System of
Equations – Solution to the linear system of Equations – Types of Solutions - Cramer”s rule - Matrix
Inversion method. (15.4,15.5.4,15.5.5,15.5.6,15.5.7,15.5.8,15.6,15.7.1,15.7.2,15.7.3,15.7.4,15.7.4 of
Chapter 15).

Text:

• P. Mariappan , Business Mathematics,Pearson Publication 2015, New Delhi.

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S
SEMESTER-V

1.14 Mathematics for Economics and Finance

Generic Elective - V(B) BS:502(B)

Theory: 4 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 4 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week
Objective: Many models and problems in modern economics and finance can be expressed using
the language of mathematics and analysed using mathematical techniques. The aim is to show
how a range of important mathematical techniques work and how they can be used to explore and
understand the structure of economic models.

Outcome: Student were chiefly interested in learning the mathematics that had applications
to economics and finance. Students gain a familiarity with economics and finance principles and
are confident in applying them.

Unit- I
Linear Equations: Introduction – Solution of Linear Equations – Solutions of Simultaneous
Linear Equations – Graphs of Linear Equations – Budget Lines – Supply and Demand Analysis .
Quadratic Equations: Introduction – Graphys of Quadratic Functions – Quadratic Equations -
Applications to Economics.

Unit- II
Functions of a Single Variable: Introduction – Limitis – Polynomial Functions – Reciprocal
Functions – Inverse Functions. The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions: Introduction
– Exponential Functions – Logarithmic Functions – Returns to Scale of Production Functions –
Compounding of Interest.

Unit- III
Matrices and Determinants: Introduction – Matrix Operations – Solutions of Linear Systems
of Equations – Cramer’s Rule – More Determinants – Special Cases.

Unit-IV
Linear Difference Equations: Introduction – Difference Equations – First Order Linear Difference
Equations.

Text:

• Vassilis. C. Mavron and Timothy [Link], Elements of Mathematics for Economics and
Finance; Springer Publishers.

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SEMESTER-VI

1.15 Mathematical Modeling

Project/ Optional - VI BS:602

Theory: 4 credits and Tutorials: 0 credits

Theory: 4 hours /week and Tutorials: 1 hours /week
Objective: This topic is aims to provide the student with some basic modelling skills that will
have application to a wide variety of problems.
Outcome:The focus is on those mathematical techniques that are applicable to models involving
differential equations, and which describe rates of change. Student realizes some beautiful problems
can be modeled by using differential equations. The students also learn how to use the mathematical
technique in solving differential equations.

Unit- I
Introduction to Mathematical Modelling: Mathematical Models-Modelling for decision making.
Compartmental Models:-Exponential decay and radioactivity – Case Study: Detecting art
forgeries – Lake Pollution Models - First order Linear Differential Equations – Equilibrium points
and stability.

Unit- II
Models of Single Populations: Exponential growth – Density-dependent growth – Limited
growth with harvesting. Interacting Population Models: Model for an influenza outbreak –
Case Study: Cholera – Predators and prey – Competing Species.

Unit- III
Formulating Heat and Mass Transporot Models: Some basic physical laws -Model for a hot
water heater- Heat conduction and Fourier’s Law - Heat conduction through a wall – Radiative
heat conoduction - Diffusion.

Unit- IV
Boundary Value Problems – Heat loss through a wall – Insulating a water pipe – Introduction to
Partial Differential Equations: The heat conduction equation – Oscillating soil temperatures
– Case study: Detecting Land Mines – Lake Pollution.

Text:
• 1. [Link] and [Link], Mathematical Modelling with Case Studies 3rd Edition, 2009,
CRC press.
References:

• 1. Shepley L. Ross, “Differential Equations”.

• 2. I. Sneddon , Elements of Partial Differential Equations
• [Link] Ahsan, “Differential Equations and their Applications”

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 [Link]/B.A Mathematics (Semester VI)
Project work

Theory : 4 Hours per week Credits : 4

• The total allotted marks 100 are divided into the following way
➢ Internal Assessment (20 marks)
• First seminar (10 marks – in between 25 to 30 days
after commencement of class work). This seminar
include the study of existing system, literature survey,
problem definition.
• Second seminar (10 marks – in between 55 to 60 days after
commencement of class work). This seminar include the
requirements specification, analysis, design and partial
implementation.
➢ External Assessment (80 marks)
• The students should submit one page of synopsis on the project work for
display on the notice board.
• The project presentation is for 10 minutes followed by 05 minutes for
discussion.
• The student should submit a dissertation/technical write-up on the
project. At least two teachers will be associated with the project seminar
to evaluate students for the award of seasonal marks which will be on the
basis of performance in all the 3 items (synopsis, presentation,
dissertation/technical write-up).
Dissertation : 50 Marks
Presentation : 15 Marks
Viva : 15 Marks

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Few Websites
• NPTEL: [Link]
• COURSERA: [Link]
• MITOCW: [Link]
• ACADEMIC EARTH: [Link]
• EdX : [Link]
• KHAN ACADEMY :[Link]
• ALISON: [Link]
• STANFORD ONLINE: [Link]
• VIDEO LECTURES: [Link]
• INTERACTIVE REAL ANALYSIS: [Link]
• VISUAL CALCULUS: [Link]/[Link]
• MOOCS CALCULUS: [Link]

Few Math Softwares

• Useful for Classroom teaching: Geogebra (Freeware)
• Type setting software:LaTeX
• High end commercial softwares: Mathematica , Maple , Matlab
• Answering search engine: [Link]
• Group theory software: group explorer 2.2 (Freeware)
• Visualization software: Mathematics Visualization Toolkit (freeware)

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