Cell Communication Chapter 5.
6 Unit 4
Big Questions ● Why do cells communicate?
● What does cellular communication look like?
● How is cellular communication utilized in unicellular and multicellular life?
How Cells Make sure you can explain all 3 stages
Communicate:
Signal
Transduction
What is reception? What is transduction? What is a cellular response?
How Signals Are ● The ____________ and ____________ systems handle these things in animals. We will talk
Sent about them in depth, later in the course
Other Signals ● Pretty much any ________ or energy source could serve as a biological ___________...
● ...though most are _____________ created molecules
Explain how different chemistry leads to different reception
What do you notice about where the reception stage takes place?
G-Protein ● G-proteins: __________ activated by the transfer of a ____________ from a molecule of
Linked GTP.
Reception ● The _________ step in the protein relay
Tyrosine ● Kinase: A protein that "______________" (adds a phosphate) to another molecule
Kinases ● Tyrosine Kinases: proteins that form ________. Tyrosine amino acid residues are active in
the transfer of _______________ to relay proteins.
● Remain active as long as the __________ is attached.
Ligand-gated ● The incoming ions trigger the ___________
Ion Channels
Second ● __________ signaling molecules released due to _____________ ("first") signals. Trigger
Messengers sub-response pathways.
THE MAIN PURPOSE OF TRANSDUCTION IS TO AMPLIFY A SIGNAL
Explain how both transduction scenarios amplify the signal.
Circle the primary messenger and square the secondary messanger
● Aka "_____________"
Epinephrine ● A common hormone in ______________.
● Involved in short term stress ("______ or _________") response.
An Epinephrine ● What kind of hormone is epinephrine (polar or non-polar)? How can you tell?
Receptor
Epinephrine is a ● Epinephrine signal transduction is mediated by G-Protein linked receptors.
polar amine ● It has multiple effects, but one response is the inhibition of __________ synthesis and the
ligand _______________ of glycogen breakdown (why?)
Things get complicated quickly
Quorum Sensing ● communication among __________ that triggers _________ response once particular
population ___________ are reached
Vibrio fischeri ● A __________________ that lives inside organs in marine animals.
● When population density hits a threshold, they begin to produce a light-producing
protein.
● This gives the host animal ____________________.
Biofilms ● Biofilms are bacterial _____________ that are established and maintained due to
elaborate ______________ sensing networks
Yeast Mating ● Mating type in (____________) yeast is genetically determined.
● Two mating types (a and alpha). Each makes signaling molecules that the other receives.
● The reception of a _____________ leads to the production of a mating "Shmoo"
● Fusion of shmoo's = diploid yeast cell.
● Meiosis soon ensues
Label the 3 stages: Reception, transduction, response.
Briefly annotate to explain each stage
This could easily be an FRQ for the ap test
Apoptosis ● Programmed _______________ is programmed because of the signaling pathway that it is
programmed to.
Make Sure You ● Explain why and how cells communicate with the environment.
Can ● Explain the common features shared among cellular communication processes.
● Compare the purpose of cellular communication in unicellular and multicellular organisms
● Describe the major features of signal transduction pathways in cells.
● Connect cellular signaling pathways to actual examples as discussed in this presentation.
● Discuss the evolutionary/adaptive considerations of cellular signaling pathways.
