Peter: The Person of
Peter: The Person of
Sabbath Afternoon
Read for This Week’s Study: Luke 5:1–11; Matt. 16:13–17;
Matt. 14:22–33; Luke 22:31–34, 54–62; Gal. 2:9, 11–14.
Memory Text: “But when he saw that the wind was boisterous, he
was afraid; and beginning to sink he cried out, saying, ‘Lord, save
me!’ And immediately Jesus stretched out His hand and caught
him, and said to him, ‘O you of little faith, why did you doubt?’ ”
(Matthew 14:30, 31, NKJV).
P
eter is the author of the two books (1 and 2 Peter) that bear his
name. He was one of the early followers of Jesus. He remained
with Jesus during the Lord’s ministry here, and he was one of
the first disciples to see the empty tomb. As a result, Peter had a
wealth of experiences from which, inspired by the Holy Spirit, he
could draw in order to write these powerful letters. “For we did
not follow cleverly devised tales when we made known to you the
power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewit-
nesses of His majesty” (2 Pet. 1:16, NASB).
Peter appears often in the Gospels, revealing both his triumphs and
failures. He was the usual spokesperson of the disciples in their interac-
tions with Jesus. After the Resurrection and Ascension, Peter became
a prominent early church leader. The book of Acts talks about him, as
does the book of Galatians.
Most important, Peter knew what it was to make mistakes, to be for-
given, and to move forward in faith and humility. Having experienced
for himself the grace of God, he remains a powerful voice for all of us
who need to experience that same grace, as well.
Read Luke 5:1–9. What do Peter’s words to Jesus in Luke 5:8 tell us
about Peter? That is, what insights do they give us about where he
was spiritually?
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Peter must have been impressed by what he knew of Jesus. Even
before this miracle, when Jesus told the group to put down the nets, Peter—
though incredulous because they had caught nothing—nevertheless said:
“ ‘At Your word I will let down the net’ ” (NKJV). It seems that Peter
must have known something about Jesus already, and this knowledge
impelled him to obey. Indeed, evidence suggests that Peter already had
been with Jesus for a while before this event.
Perhaps one key is in Luke 5:3, which talks about what happened
before the miracle of the fish. “Then He [Jesus] got into one of the
boats, which was Simon’s, and asked him to put out a little from
the land. And He sat down and taught the multitudes from the boat”
(NKJV). Maybe the word of Jesus here was what had first impressed
Peter so deeply.
However, after the miracle, Peter sensed something more in Jesus,
something holy in contrast to his own sinfulness. Peter’s realization of
his sinfulness, and his willingness to admit it publicly, shows just how
open he was to the Lord. No wonder he had been called! Whatever his
faults, and they were many, Peter was a spiritual man who was ready to
follow the Lord, regardless of the cost.
Read Luke 5:11. What’s the crucial principle here? What does
this text tell us about what kind of commitment Jesus asks for?
What should it tell us, too, that these fishermen were willing to
abandon everything when their nets were full?
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M onday March 27
(page 8 of Standard Edition)
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Peter here spoke boldly of his faith in Jesus. And it’s clear from
Matthew 16:20 that his confession of Christ as the Messiah was shared
by the others, as well. This was to be a turning point in the ministry
of Jesus, even though the disciples, including Peter, had much more to
learn.
“The disciples still expected Christ to reign as a temporal prince.
Although He had so long concealed His design, they believed that He
would not always remain in poverty and obscurity; the time was near
when He would establish His kingdom. That the hatred of the priests
and rabbis would never be overcome, that Christ would be rejected by
His own nation, condemned as a deceiver, and crucified as a malefac-
tor,—such a thought the disciples had never entertained.”—Ellen G.
White, The Desire of Ages, p. 415.
As soon as the disciples recognize Jesus as the Messiah, Jesus begins
teaching that He must suffer and die (see Matt. 16:21–23), a concept
that Peter could not accept. Peter goes as far as to “rebuke” Jesus.
Jesus then turns to Peter and says, “ ‘Get behind Me, Satan’ ” (Matt.
16:23, NKJV). This is one of the harshest things that He said to any-
body during His ministry; yet, He did it for Peter’s own good. Peter’s
words reflected his own desires, his own selfish attitude about what he
wanted. Jesus had to stop him in his tracks, right then and there (and
though Jesus was really speaking to Satan, Peter got the message). Peter
needed to learn that serving the Lord would involve suffering. That he
learned this lesson is clear in his later writings (see 1 Pet. 4:12).
How often do your personal desires clash with what you know
God wants you to do? How do you decide what to do in those
situations?
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T uesday March 28
(page 9 of Standard Edition)
Walking on Water
In their time with Jesus, the disciples saw many remarkable things,
although few of them can compare with the events described in Matthew
14:13–33, Mark 6:30–52, and John 6:1–21. Jesus used five small loaves
of bread and two fish to feed more than 5,000 people. Again, what must
have been going on in their minds after seeing something such as this?
Read Matthew 14:22–33. What’s the most crucial message we can take
away from this story for ourselves to help us in our own walk with
the Lord?
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With the feeding of the multitudes, these men had just witnessed
the power of Jesus in a remarkable way. He truly had control over the
natural world. That must have been what helped Peter make his rather
bold, or even presumptuous, request: “ ‘Lord, if it is You, command me
to come to You on the water’ ” (Matt. 14:28, NKJV).
What an expression of faith!
Jesus, then, acknowledged this faith and told Peter to come, which
he did, another expression of Peter’s faith. It would have been one thing
to walk on water when it was calm, but Peter did so in the midst of a
storm.
The usual lesson of the story is about taking our eyes off Jesus. But
there’s more. Peter surely must have trusted in Jesus, or he never would
have made the request and then acted on it. However, once he did act,
he started to get scared, and in that fear he began to sink.
Why? Could not Jesus have kept Peter afloat regardless of Peter’s
fear? Jesus, however, allowed Peter to reach the point where he could
do nothing but cry out in his helplessness, “ ‘Lord, save me!’ ” (Matt.
14:30, NKJV). Jesus then stretched out His hand and did just what Peter
had asked. The fact that “Jesus stretched out His hand and caught him”
(Matt. 14:31, NKJV), when Jesus could simply have kept him afloat
without the physical contact, surely helped Peter realize just how much
he had to learn to depend upon Jesus.
We can start out in great faith, trusting in the power of our Lord, but
when the situation gets frightful, we need to remember Jesus’ words
to Peter: “ ‘O you of little faith, why did you doubt?’ ” (Matt. 14:31,
NKJV).
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W ednesday March 29
(page 10 of Standard Edition)
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Peter’s intentions were good. And, in fact, he showed more courage
than did the other disciples. He actually followed Jesus in order to dis-
cover what would happen to Him. But in doing so, he decided to hide
his true identity. This compromise, this deviation from the path of what
is good and right, led him to deny his Lord three times, exactly as Jesus
had warned him.
The story of Peter here is in a sad way very instructive on how dev-
astating the result of compromise can be.
As we know, Christian history is soiled with the terrible results that
happen when Christians compromise crucial truths. Though life itself
often involves compromise, and we must at times be willing to give
and take, in crucial truths we must stand firm. As a people, we must
learn what are the things that we must never compromise, under any
circumstances (see, for instance, Rev. 14:12).
According to Ellen G. White, Peter’s compromise and failure began
in Gethsemane when, instead of praying, he slept, and thus wasn’t
spiritually ready for what was coming. Had he been faithful in prayer,
she wrote, “he would not have denied his Lord.”—The Desire of Ages,
p. 714.
Yes, Peter failed terribly. But as great as his failure, God’s grace was
even greater. “But where sin abounded, grace abounded much more”
(Rom. 5:20, NKJV). It was Jesus’ forgiveness that made Peter one of
the prime leaders of the early Christian church. What a powerful lesson
for us all about the reality of God’s grace. What a lesson to us all that,
despite our failures, we should press on ahead in faith!
Yes, Peter knew what it meant to be forgiven. He knew firsthand just
what the gospel was all about, because he had experienced not just the
reality of his human sinfulness but the greatness and depth of God’s
love and grace toward sinners.
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T hursday March 30
(page 11 of Standard Edition)
Read Galatians 1:18, 19; 2:9, 11–14. What do these texts tell us about
Peter, even while he functioned so prominently in the early church?
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Even as a church leader, even as someone clearly called of the
Lord (Jesus told Peter, “ ‘Feed my sheep’ ” [John 21:17]), even as the
one who received the vision about not calling “any man common or
unclean” (Acts 10:28), Peter still had some important growing to do.
In the early days of the church, almost all the Christians were Jews,
many of whom were “zealous for the law” (Acts 21:20, NKJV). In their
interpretation of the law, eating with Gentiles was problematic because
the Gentiles were considered unclean. When some Jewish Christians
came from James at Jerusalem, Peter stopped eating with the Gentiles
in Antioch.
For Paul, such behavior was an attack on the gospel itself. He saw
Peter’s actions as frank hypocrisy, and he wasn’t afraid to challenge
him on it. In fact, Paul used the opportunity to express the key teaching
of the Christian faith: justification by faith alone (see Gal. 2:14–16).
Though called of God, Peter had some blind spots that needed
correcting. How do we respond when others seek to point out our
own “blind spots”?
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F riday March 31
(page 12 of Standard Edition)
Discussion Questions:
What does it tell us about the grace of God that even after such
a shameful denial of Jesus, Peter would still come to play such a
prominent and important role not just in the early church but in the
Christian faith itself? (After all, he wrote part of the New Testament.)
What lessons can we take from his restoration about how to deal with
those who, in their own way, have failed the Lord?
Peter learned some lessons the hard way. From seeing his
mistakes, how can we learn the lessons we need to learn but in an
easier way than Peter did?
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i n s i d e
Story
The Canceled Funeral: Part 1
One day after school, I overheard my sister talking to a friend. “But it
happened,” a girl said. “The man was dead, and now he’s alive. How can a
dead person come back to life? I wondered. Then I said aloud, “That could
never happen.”
“It’s the truth,” my sister said. “The man was dead, and now he’s alive.”
I knew that God had raised people from the dead in Bible times. But
miracles such as that didn’t happen anymore. Or did they? I knelt and prayed
the prayer of Thomas. “Lord, if this is true, let me see it with my own eyes.
Then I will believe” (John 20:25, NIV).
After a while, I forgot about this strange story about a dead man being
raised to life.
When I finished high school, I applied to serve as a Global Mission pio-
neer before starting college.
A Global Mission pioneer is a layperson chosen by the church, given a
small stipend, and asked to move into a community and teach the everlasting
gospel while modeling the values of Christianity. Pioneers serve a unique
and special role in starting new congregations in new areas among new
people groups.
I was assigned to a remote region of central Nigeria where few outsiders
ever went and where we had no Seventh-day Adventist believers. I settled in
a village and began making friends. Most of the villagers worshiped idols,
but some allowed me to share the gospel with them. One teenage girl named
One-Ojo seemed especially interested in learning about God. I began study-
ing the Bible with her.
Then one afternoon, a boy ran into my room shouting that One-Ojo was
dead. “She died last night,” the boy said. “The family wants you to come
before they bury her.”
Dazed, I slipped on my shoes and ran toward One-Ojo’s home. When I
arrived, I found her body lying on a straw mat bound hand and foot and
ready for burial. I stared at her as I thought about our Bible study just the
evening before. How could she be dead? I wondered. I touched her arm; it
was stiff and cold.
I asked for permission to pray before the family buried her. About twenty
people in the room watched as I knelt beside her burial mat and prayed. I
asked God to give this girl her life back to teach these people that God is
all-powerful.
I had been praying for about an hour when I noticed beads of sweat on
One-Ojo’s body. I laid my hand on her arm and felt warmth. Encouraged, I
continued praying. Then One-Ojo sneezed.
Learning Outline:
I. Know: Jesus Calls for Coworkers in the “Fishing” Business.
A What makes us worthy to become coworkers with Jesus?
B Where does the power come from for bringing souls into the gospel
net? How do we connect to the Source of that power?
Summary: Peter’s life was dramatically transformed when he realized his true
condition as a sinner in the presence of Christ. Peter rendered willing obe-
dience to Jesus’ commands and witnessed the power of Christ to accom-
plish His mission independently of his skills as a professional fisherman.
Peter learned that he must trust Christ’s sufficiency alone.
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teachers comments
Learning Cycle
STEP 1—Motivate
Just for Teachers: The goal of this lesson is to lead the class to distrust
their own sufficiency and to learn to rely on Christ’s sufficiency.
STEP 2—Explore
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teachers comments
Bible Commentary
I. The Call to Service (Review Luke 5:1–11 with your class.)
As a professional fisherman, Peter lives his life on the water. He knows what
it takes to catch fish, or so he believes. He also knows that people don’t walk
on water. Jesus overturns all of Peter’s knowledge and self-sufficiency. To
catch fish effectively one needs to have power over nature. Only Jesus has that
power. He demonstrates it by filling Peter’s nets with an overwhelming catch
of fish after Peter toils all night without catching anything. (Later, Jesus also
demonstrates His power again by walking on water.) Peter needs to recognize
and acknowledge Jesus’ deity and his own unworthiness so that he might work
in association with Him (Luke 5:8). Peter also needs to learn to trust Jesus
when He issues a command or instruction, because the Savior always knows
exactly what He is doing and has the power to execute His own will. Peter
also needs to leave behind all of his own tools and methods to follow Jesus,
apprenticed to the Master Fisher of men and women (Luke 5:10, 11).
II. The Call to Confess Christ (Review Matthew 16:13–19 with your class.)
Jesus invites His disciples to confess their awareness of His identity (“ ‘Who
do you say I am?’ ” [Matt. 16:15, NIV]). Peter, ever the brash spokesperson
for the others, expresses his confession that Jesus is the Christ (Messiah),
the Son of the living God (Matt. 16:16). Jesus declares that Peter could
have known this truth only by revelation from the Father (Matt. 16:17). This
acknowledgment is no credit to Peter, but it underscores the necessity for
divine insight in coming to such a conclusion. Unfortunately, Peter seems to
have become more confident of, and reliant on, his own correct understand-
ing of Christ and His mission (Matt. 16:21–23).
Consider This: How can we be certain that we know Christ’s true identity
as Messiah? How can we attain a more intimate knowledge of Him and what
He is able to accomplish in our lives?
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teachers comments
III. The Call to Humility (Review Matthew 16:21–23 with your class.)
As Jesus attempts to explain His mission to His disciples, Peter rebukes Jesus:
“ ‘Never, Lord! . . . This shall never happen to you!’ ” (Matt. 16:22, NIV). Peter’s
self-confident attitude is sharply reproved by Jesus as being expressive of the
spirit of Satan. What does Jesus mean when He says to Peter, “ ‘You do not
have in mind the concerns of God, but merely human concerns’ ” (Matt. 16:23,
NIV)? What does Peter seem to have in mind in his rebuke to Jesus? How can we
develop a more humble, self-effacing attitude? What does 1 Peter 5:5, 6 reveal
that has helped Peter eventually to learn of the importance of humility?
IV. The Call to Faithfulness (Review together Matthew 26:31–35, 69–75; Luke 22:31–34.)
After three and a half years with Jesus, Peter still has not learned his lesson.
Peter first denies Jesus’ prediction that all would forsake Him and flee, insisting
that he never would do that. Then he denies Jesus Himself, insisting that he does
not know Him. When Peter realizes that Jesus knows him better than he knows
himself, he finally submits himself fully to God and allows God’s Spirit to control
him. This full surrender results in his conversion, placing him in a position to
become a spiritual leader for Jesus’ church and the writer of the two epistles that
encourage others to be faithful to Jesus.
It is interesting to note that, after Peter has been active as a church leader
and apostle for many years, he still exhibits some weaknesses for which he
is reproved, according to Paul, in Galatians 2:11–14. Ellen G. White writes
concerning this incident: “Peter saw the error into which he had fallen, and
immediately set about repairing the evil that had been wrought, so far as was
in his power. God, who knows the end from the beginning, permitted Peter to
reveal this weakness of character in order that the tried apostle might see that
there was nothing in himself whereof he might boast. Even the best of men,
if left to themselves, will err in judgment.”—The Acts of the Apostles, p. 198.
Discussion Questions:
How does Peter’s experience in these events of Matthew 26 and Luke 22
prepare his understanding for writing his two epistles?
In what ways do we identify with Peter’s self-confidence and assertiveness?
What will need to happen to us to bring our self-confidence under submission
in order that we may learn at the Master’s feet?
What role does Jesus’ prayer for Peter (Luke 22:32) play in his conversion?
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teachers comments
How does this prayer enable Peter to strengthen his brethren through the
writing of his two epistles? How does knowing that Jesus has prayed for us
(John 17:20) offer us encouragement and hope?
STEP 3—Apply
Just for Teachers: Remind the class that Peter’s experience is not
unique to him. He is just bolder and more outspoken in asserting himself
in various situations than are his fellow disciples; so he receives more
attention in the Gospels. None of the disciples understand what Jesus tells
them about His mission (Luke 9:44, 45). Just as Elijah (James 5:17), they
are human beings sharing the same weaknesses that we all do and need-
ing the same divine power for victory over those weaknesses.
Thought Questions:
What do I have in common with Peter? What is my potential for good
or evil?
How can I be strengthened by recalling that Jesus is praying for me, so
that when I am converted I can, in turn, strengthen my brothers and sisters?
Activity: Have the class consider praying specifically for those in the
church, including their own members who may be struggling with Satan’s
temptations. Encourage one another to faithfulness.
STEP 4—Create
Activity: Create a chart, if supplies are available, of the ups and downs,
the successes and failures, in Peter’s life, as recorded in the New Testament.
Alternately, if supplies are not available, ask the class to list these aspects
of Peter’s life. What pattern emerges? What relation does the pattern have
to Peter’s conversion experience? How is this instructive for us?
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