ABSTRACT

According to the scientific developments in all sectors around the world, there is
needs of using the technique of operation research and its implementation that help
the manufacturers to draw their work policy and making future planning to achieve
their goals. However, the complexity of industrial projects comprise a lot of
activities, which needs to be controlled and scheduled in scientific ways, in
according with the availabilities of equipment’s and efforts of manufacturer. This
research goal is to reduce the completion time and cost of constructing a yacht by
using critical bath method and pert techniques.

INTRODUCTION

According to the huge and fast scientific development in all sectors around the
world, we come to real needs of using the technique of operation research and its
implementation which help the manufacturers to draw their work policy and
making future planning to achieve their goals with reasonable using of available
efforts and resources, the most important factor is time , meaning whenever
finishing project with a minimum completion time will give you the chance to
make profit and starting with another project.

History of critical path analysis

The year 1957 has witnessed developing the critical path method (CPM) as a
network model for project management (PM). CPM is a deterministic method that
uses a fixed time estimation to evaluate each individual activity. It is featured by
ease of use and simple to understand, the potential large impact of time variations
is not considered at the time on which a complex project is completed. The path of
longest duration though a given network is referred as the critical path [3]. The
activities that depend on this path can't be delayed without slowing the project.
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Hence, critical path has a specific significance for the assessment. Therefore, the
analysis of critical path is an essential aspect in the project planning-phase due to
its impact on the entire project duration.

Conceptual clarification

Critical path analysis offers economical and effective system of control based on
the principle of management by exception i.e. need for corrective action arises only
in exceptional situations and in most of other cases, performance is in conformity
with the plans. Thirdly it is a dynamic tool of management that calls for constant
review, a reformulation of the project design, the network, and finding the current
path of relevance and optimum resources allocation. Construction project
management diverges from a typical project management role by demanding and
incorporating extensive knowledge of the construction industry, a field filled with
unique challenges. According to The Construction Management Association of
America, construction PMs average around one hundred and twenty
responsibilities, which means they have to be strategic and thoughtful about
working in an environment impacted by constant change.

CPM Provides the following Merits

 It can provide an illustrative representation of the project plan.

 It can provide a prediction of the minimum time-cost needed to finish the project.

 It can provide a list of the activities that prejudiced the schedule and a list of
activities which are not. Steps in CPM Planning Project

The following are the steps taken for CPM planning project:

 Specifying the activities on an individual base.

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 Directing the sequence of activities specified in step-1 taking into account all the
possible probabilities.

 Establishing a network diagram to plan the activities based on the possibilities

determined in step-2.

 Assessing the time-cost required to complete each individual activity.

 Finding the "critical path" (the most time consuming path through the network).

 Adjusting the CPM diagram as the project processes, by updating the CPM
diagram during the project development and implementation phases.

Diagrammatical illustration

Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is a project management technique used to identify the longest
sequence of dependent tasks and determine the minimum time needed to complete a project.
Here's a simplified diagrammatic illustration of Critical Path Analysis:

1. Task Identification: Identify all the tasks involved in the project and their dependencies.

2. Network Diagram: Create a network diagram where each task is represented by a node,
and the dependencies between tasks are represented by arrows.

3. Estimation of Durations: Assign durations to each task.

4. Forward Pass: Start from the beginning of the project and calculate the earliest start and
finish times for each task, considering dependencies and durations.

5. Backward Pass: Start from the end of the project and calculate the latest start and finish
times for each task, considering dependencies and the project deadline.

6. Critical Path Determination: Identify the path with the longest total duration, which
represents the critical path. Tasks on the critical path have zero slack.

Here's a simple example:

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 Start

Task A (3)

/ | \

Task B (2) Task C (4)

\ | /

Task D (5)

End

In this example, tasks A, B, C, and D are represented by nodes. Numbers in parentheses

represent the duration of each task.

 Task A has a duration of 3 units.

 Task B has a duration of 2 units.

 Task C has a duration of 4 units.

 Task D has a duration of 5 units.

Task A is followed by tasks B and C. Task B is followed by Task D, and Task C is also followed
by Task D. The critical path in this example would be A -> C -> D, with a total duration of 3 + 4
+ 5 = 12 units.

This diagrammatic illustration helps project managers visualize the sequence of tasks, their
dependencies, and the critical path, aiding in efficient project planning and scheduling.

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CONCLUSION

Critical Path Analysis is an indispensable tool for project managers, offering a

systematic approach to schedule management, resource optimization, and risk
mitigation. By understanding the principles, methodologies, and applications of
CPA, project teams can streamline project workflows, minimize delays, and
achieve project success.

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