© 2022 JETIR May 2022, Volume 9, Issue 5 www.jetir.

org (ISSN-2349-5162)

SMART HELMET
Prabha Srivastava 1, Navjeet Kaur2, Shabana Parveen 3,

and Mr Parmendra Kumar Verma 4

1,2,3,
Student of Engineering, Dept.ofElectronics and Communication Engineering, Buddha Institute of
Technology,Gorakhpur,Utttar Pradesh, India
4
Assistant Professor, of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar
Pradesh, India

occurred and its location where the accident occurred via

Abstract—Everyday around the world a large percentage of short. In recent times helmets have been made compulsory in
people die from road accident ,especially in case of two wheelers. Telangana State. Traffic accidents in India have been
This may be avoided by emergency treatment of victim , wearing increased every year. As per Section 129 of Motor Vehicles
helmets and riding vehicles without consuming alcohol. An Act, 1988, every single person riding a two-wheeler is
effective approach is made to solve the problem by using Smart required to wear protective headgear following the standards
Helmet. Here, Smart Helmet is acting as a key . If the driver has of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). Also drunken driving
consumed alcohol , the sensor will sense it and immediately lock under the influence (DUI) is a criminal offence according to
the engine. Smart helmet provides help in case of accident by
the Motor Vehicle act 1939, which states that the bike rider
using GSM and GPS technology. If the person is met with an
accident, then in such situation a message along with the location will get punishment. Currently bike riders easily escape from
is sent to the ambulance or family member so that medical aid the law [1]. These are the three main issues which motivates
can be provided to that person as soon as possible. The project us for developing this project. The first step is to identify
aims at intelligence security providing awareness for wearing whether the helmet is worn or not. If helmet is worn then
helmet and also provides prevention for human life safety. ignition will start otherwise it remains off. For this, Infrared
Keywords- GSM,GPS, Accident. Sensor (IR) sensor is used. The second step is alcohol
detection[2]. Alcohol sensor is used as breath analyser which
I. Introduction detects the presence of alcohol in rider’s breath and if it
Bike riding is a lot of fun, but accidents happen. People exceeds permissible limit ignition cannot start. It will send
choose motor bikes over car as it is much cheaper to run, message to the number saying that “Rider is drunk and is
easier to repair, easier to park and flexible in traffic. In India trying to ride the bike”. MQ-3 sensor is used for this purpose.
more than 37 million people are using two wheelers. Since When these two conditions are satisfied then only ignition
usage is high accident percentage of two wheelers are also starts. The third main issue is accident and late medical help.
high compared to four wheelers. Motorcycles have high rate If the rider has met with an accident, he may not receive
of fatal accidents than cars or trucks and buses. This project medical help instantly, which is one of the main reasons for
aims for accident avoidance, safety and security of bike rider. death. Every second people dies due to delay in medical help,
The main purpose of the project is to encourage wearing or in the case where the place of accident is unmannred. In
helmet. The system will ensure that the motorbike will not fall detection, we place accelerometer in the bike unit. By this
start unless the rider is wearing a helmet and has not mechanism accidents can be detected. The aim of this project
consumed alcohol. Thus alcohol detection is also an is to make à protection system in a helmet for the safety of
important part in this project. Alcohol detections done by bike rider. The smart helmet that is made is fitted with
MQ-3 sensor and helmet detections done by IR and PIR different sensors responsible for detection[3].There are two
sensors. The system will also alert the bike rider if any main units in this project. Each unit uses a microcontroller .
obstacle comes too close while riding the bike. This is found
to be useful at night or when the riders drowsy or tired. By LITRATURE REVIEW
this accidents can be prevented. Also GSM technology is
used to inform the family members in case of an accident. According to the recent Research paper in 2016 titled ‘2
Accident detection is done using accelerometer. Wireless Helmet using GSM and GPS technology for accident
communication through Ask module is done between the detection and Reporting system’, The author specially
helmet and motorbike. The smart helmet is peculiar for safety developed this project to improve the safety of the bikers. The
riding of motorcycle for rider’s. It has specific feature for objective of this project is to Study and understand the
rider to know its speed and location. The smart helmet concept of RF transmitter and RF receiver circuit. The project
contain a piezoelectric sensor which when it pushed it give uses ARM7, GSM and GPS module. The Project also uses
the exact location of the person and accelerometer which will buzzer for indication purpose. Whenever the accident will
give speed of the motorcycle at what speed the accident occur then accident spot will be note down and Information
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will send out on the registered mobile number. [2] The major III. WORKING MODEL
disadvantage of this project is they are not using any Display
device for showing the current status. Also the cost of helmet
is still high since helmet is designed for only one
purpose.According to the Research paper in 2015 titled
‘Microcontroller based smart wear for driver safety’, In this
paper author has Discussed on the speed of the vehicle. In this
application the project will be monitoring the areas in which
the vehicle will be passing. On entering any cautionary areas
like schools, hospitals, etc the speed of the vehicle will be
controlled to a predefined limit. LCD Is used for showing the
various types of messages after wearing the helmet. The
author has worked only on the phenomenon of Accident
which is generally happens due to drunk and drive. But as we
know that the accident in the area is not happens only due To
consuming alcohol but also other parameters like speed are
also responsible.According to the Research paper in 2016
titled ‘Smart Helmet’, In this paper the main objective of
author is to force the rider to Wear the helmet. In this
competitive world one of the survey says that the death trolls
due to motor bike accidents are increasing Day by day out of
which most of these casualties occurs because of the absence
of helmet. Traffic police cannot cover remote roads Of city.
That’s why over primary objective is to make the usage of the
helmet for two wheelers ”compulsory “ .Thus ,no one other
than the owner himself ,who doesn’t have “password” which
would have been created by the owner, can use the bike. In
this author has proposed the feature that the bike will not start
unless the bike rider does not wear the helmet .The other this
module basically deals with the checksum of rider if he is
wearing the helmet or not on first place to achieve this
ultrasonic sensor is been used .based on this the signal are
been sent to the next module voice recognition module use
for authentication purpose. Arduino is also used in this
project which is an open source tool for making computer that
can sense.
Fig: Working Model

II. PROPOSED METHODLOGY

 To sense the helmet, a switch is used.
The project consists of 5 parts:  To sense the alcohol content, an alcohol sensor-
 Helmet Authentication- to ensure that the bike MQ3 Gas sensor is used.
rider is wearing a helmet or not .  To sense the speed of upcoming vehicle an
 Alcohol Detection- to ensure that the bike rider ultrasonic sensor is used.
has not consumed alcohol (using MQ3 Gas
 An accelerometer is used to detect the fall of
Sensor).
vehicle.
 Response System- in the helmet in case of
accident, to inform bike rider’s family about the  Arduino Nano is used as controlling unit, it
accident using GPS & GSM module Helmet. reads the values from accelerometer,
whenarduino observe any abnormal values, it
 Safety Zone Indication- to alert the bike rider if reads the current location from GPS module,
any vehicle comes too close using Ultra sonic and send it to given mobile through SMS by
Sensor. using GSM module.
 Fall Detection- in case of accident, to inform  Before sending the SMS, arduino activate the
bike rider's family about the accident and the buzzer, after 30 seconds of beeping SMS will
vibrations due to static obstacles will be be sent, but if someone press the “I AMOKAY”
detected by using accelerometer. button, message will not sent, which helps to
prevent unnecessary SMS.

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IV. FLOW CHART V. SYSTEM REQUIREMET

1. ARDUINO UNO:

Fig. Image of an Arduino UN

Arduino UNO is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use
programmable open-source microcontroller board that
can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects.
This board can be interfaced with other Arduino boards,
Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can control
relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an output.
Arduino UNO features AVR microcontroller
Atmega328, 6 analogue input pins, and 14 digital I/O

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pins out of which 6 are used as PWM output. projects.
This board contains a USB interface i.e. USB cable is
used to connect the board with the computer and VIN: It is the input voltage applied to the UNO board.
Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
software is used to program the board. Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator controls the
The unit comes with 32KB flash memory that is used to voltage that goes into the board.
store the number of instructions while the SRAM is
2KB and EEPROM is 1KB. SPI: The SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface.
The operating voltage of the unit is 5V which projects Four Pins 10(SS), 11(MOSI), 12(MISO), 13(SCK) are
the microcontroller on the board and its associated used for this communication.
circuitry operates at 5V while the input voltage ranges
between 6V to 20V and the recommended input voltage TX/RX: Pins TX and RX are used for serial
ranges from 7V to 12V. communication. The TX is a transmit pin used to
transmit the serial data while RX is a receive pin used
ARDUINO UNO COMPONENTS: to receive serial data.

The Arduino UNO board contains the following

components and specifications: 2. ACCELEROMETER:

ATmega328: This is the brain of the board in which the

program is stored.

Ground Pin: there are several ground pins incorporated

on the board.

PWM: the board contains 6 PWM pins. PWM stands

for Pulse Width Modulation, using this process we can
control the speed of the servo motor, DC motor, and
brightness of the LED.
The ADXL345 is a low-power, 3-axis MEMS
DigitalI/O Pins: there are 14 digital (0-13) I/O pins
accelerometer modules with both I2C and SPI
available on the board that can be connected with
interfaces. The Ad fruit Breakout boards for these
external electronic components.
modules feature on-board 3.3v voltage regulation and
level shifting which makes them simple to interface
Analogue Pins: there are 6 analogue pins integrated on
with 5v microcontrollers such as the Arduino. The
the board. These pins can read the analogue sensor and
ADXL345 features 4 sensitivity ranges from +/- 2G to
can convert it into a digital signal.
+/- 16G. And it supports output data rates ranging from
10Hz to 3200Hz.
AREF: It is an Analog Reference Pin used to set an
external reference voltage.
ADXL345 Module Features & Specification
3V-6V DC Supply Voltage
Reset Button: This button will reset the code loaded
into the board. This button is useful when the board
On-board LDO Voltage regulator
hangs up, pressing this button will take the entire board
into an initial state.
Built-in Voltage level convertor (MOSFET based)
USB Interface: This interface is used to connect the
It can be interface with 3.3V or 5V Microcontroller.
board with the computer and to upload the Arduino
sketches (Arduino Program is called a Sketch)
Ultra-Low Power: 40uA in measurement mode, 0.1uA
in standby@ 2.5V
DC Power Jack: This is used to power up the board
with a power supply.
Tap/Double Tap Detection
Power LED: This is a power LED that lights up when
Free-Fall Detection
the board is connected with the power source.
SPI and I2C interfaces
Micro SD Card: The UNO board supports a micro SD
card that allows the board to store more information.
Measuring Range: ±16g Measuring Values (-16g to
+16g):
3.3V: This pin is used to supply 3.3V power to your
X: -235 to +270
projects.
Y: -240 to +260
Z: -240 to +270
5V: This pin is used to supply 5V power to your
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bit mode through working on pins 1, 2, 3 & other pins
are free.
3.ULTRASONIC SENSOR: Pin8 – Data Pin 1
Pin9 – Data Pin 2
Pin10 – Data Pin 3
Pin11 – Data Pin 4
Pin12 – Data Pin 5
Pin13 – Data Pin 6
Pin14 – Data Pin 7
Pin15 (LED Positive): This is a +Ve terminal of the
backlight LED of the display & it is connected to +5V
to activate the LED backlight.
Pin16 (LED Negative): This is a -Ve terminal of a
backlight LED of the display & it is connected to the
GND terminal to activate the LED backlight.

Fig. Ultrasonic Sensor 5.SERVO MOTOR:

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the

distance to an object using ultrasonic sound waves. A servomotor (or servo motor) is a rotary actuator or
linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular
An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and or linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists
receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position .
about an object’s proximity.

High-frequency sound waves reflect from boundaries to

produce distinct echo patterns.

4.LCD 16×2:

An electronic device that is used to display data and the

message is known as LCD 16×2. As the name suggests,
it includes 16 Columns & 2 Rows so it can display 32
characters (16×2=32) in total & every character will be Fig. Servo motor

6. Neo 6m MODULE:

made with 5×8 (40) Pixel Dots. So the total pixels

within this LCD can be calculated as 32 x 40 otherwise
1280 pixels.

LCD 16X2 Pin Configuration:

The pin configuration of LCD 16 X 2 is discussed below
so that LCD 16×2 connection can be done easily with
external devices.
Pin1 (Ground): This pin connects the ground terminal.
Pin2 (+5 Volt): This pin provides a +5V supply to the
LCD At the heart of the module is a NEO-6M GPS chip from
Pin3 (VE): This pin selects the contrast of the LCD. u-blox. The chip measures less than the size of a postage
Pin4 (Register Select): This pin is used to connect a data stamp but packs a surprising amount of features into its
pin of an MCU & gets either 1 or 0. Here, data mode = little frame.NEO-6M GPS Module .It can track up to 22
0 and command mode =1. satellites on 50 channels and achieves the industry’s
Pin5 (Read & Write): This pin is used to read/write data. highest level of sensitivity i.e. -161 dB tracking, while
Pin6 (Enable): This enables the pin must be high to consuming only 45mA supply current.
perform the Read/Write procedure. This pin is Unlike other GPS modules, it can do up to 5 location
connected to the data pin of the microcontroller to be updates a second with 2.5m Horizontal position
held high constantly. accuracy. The u-blox 6 positioning engine also boasts a
Pin7 (Data Pin): The data pins are from 0-7 which are Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of under 1 second. One of
connected through the microcontroller for data the best features the chip provides is Power Save
transmission. The LCD module can also work on the 4- Mode(PSM). It allows a reduction in system power
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consumption by selectively switching parts of the boots up, searches for cellular network and login
receiver ON and OFF. This dramatically reduces power
consumption of the module to just 11mA making it
suitable for power sensitive applications like GPS
wristwatch. The necessary data pins of NEO-6M GPS
chip are broken out to a 0.1″ pitch headers. This
includes pins required for communication with a
microcontroller over UART. The module supports baud
rate from 4800bps to 230400bps with default baud of
9600.

7. MQ3 SENSOR: automatically.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Supply voltage: 3.8V – 4.2V
Recommended supply voltage: 4V
Power consumption:
Sleep mode < 2.0mA
Idle mode < 7.0mA
GSM transmission (avg): 350 mA
GSM transmission (peek): 2000mA
Module size: 25 x 23 mm
Interface: UART (max. 2.8V) and AT commands
SIM card socket: microSIM (bottom side)
Supported frequencies: Quad Band (850 / 950 / 1800
/1900 MHz)
Antenna connector: IPX
Fig. MQ3 Sensor Status signaling: LED
The Grove – Gas Sensor(MQ3) module is useful for gas Working temperature range: -40 do + 85 ° C
leakage detection (in home and industry). It is suitable of how the LCD will be connected to the UNO.
for detecting Alcohol, Benzine, CH4, Hexane, LPG,
CO. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time,
measurements can be taken as soon as possible. VI. APPLICATIONS

Specifications of MQ-3 Gas Sensor  It can be used in real time safety system.
Power requirements: 5 VDC @ ~165 mA (heater on) /
 The system will ensure that the motorbike will not
~60 mA (heater off) start unless the rider is wearing a helmet and has not
Current Consumption: 150mA consumed alcohol. Hence safety of person is
DO output: TTL digital 0 and 1 ( 0.1 and 5V) ensured.
AO output: 0.1- 0.3 V (relative to pollution), the
 Detection of accident in remote area can be easily
maximum concentration of a voltage of about 4V detected and medical services provided in short
Detecting Concentration: 0.05-10mg/L Alcohol time.
Interface: 1 TTL compatible input (HSW), 1 TTL
 The developed system senses the obstacles in front
compatible output (ALR)
of the vehicle and so that the accidents due to static
Heater consumption: less than 750mW obstacles could be avoided.
Operating temperature: 14 to 122 °F (-10 to 50°C)
Load resistance: 200kΩ  In future if all the bike manufacturing companies
include this system on each bike before the sell,
Sensitivity S: Rs(in air)/Rs(0.4mg/L Alcohol)≥5
accident rates will drastically fall down.
Sensing Resistance Rs: 2KΩ-20KΩ(in 0.4mg/l
alcohol)
Dimensions: 32 x 22 x 16 mm VII. ADVANTAGES

8. SIM 800L  All the components required are easily available.

Fig. SIM 800L  No manual attention is required.
 Circuit is flexible, without much change in the
circuit it can be used with any four wheeler.
SIM800L is a miniature cellular module which allows
for GPRS transmission, sending and receiving SMS and  Automatically controlled and easy to use.
making and receiving voice calls. Low cost and small  It will help to reduce the number of road accidents
footprint and quad band frequency support make this which are very frequent in a country like India where
module perfect solution for any project that require long the traffic is very high.
range connectivity. After connecting power module
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 It will help to create awareness about the need to IX. REFERENCE
wear helmet during bike riding.
VIII. CONCLUSION
[1] International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2,
In smart helmet system ,the life of the rider on two Issue 12. December-2011 ISSN 2229-5518 IJSER
wheeler can be saved from the road accident with [2] International Journal of Science and Research (ISR)ISSN (Online):
standard protection with safety features i.e. helmet 2319-7064 3) “Vehicle Accident Alert & Locator” UJECS-IENS
Volume 11, Issue 02
detection, alcohol detection and object detection. The [3] www.academia.edu/6541133/Smart_Helmet.php
system also help efficient handling of the aftermath of [4] IUSR) ISSN(Online):2319-7064 Vijay J. Saritha B. Priyadharshini B.
accidents by sending a SMS with the location of the Deepeka S and Laxmi R(2011), “Drunken Drive Protection System”,
biker to the police station,neaby hospital and his family. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research.Vol.2.No.
12. ISSN:2229-5518
This ensures that the victims get proper and prompt
medical attention, if he/she met with an accident.

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