ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS-2 (AC)
Lecture 2: Resonance (Part B)
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means:
The frequency will be real if any one
of the following condition is
satisfied:14 Sadia Yasmin: [
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A parallel combination of inductor and capacitor can work as band
eliminator or rejector, suppressor or wave trap . A wave trap is connected
It is seen from the expression of the resonance
in series with antenna and receiver as shown in the following figure .19 Sadia Yasmin: [
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frequency that the resonance in a circuit can be
Design the following circuit as shown in the following figure to
pass any wave of 45 kHz and block 15 kHz wave. Find the value
achieved by:
of L1 . By choosing the maximum inductance, what type of
reactance (inductive or capacitive) must be placed in series with
the source? Calculate the value of L0 or C0 which is required to
put.
To block 15 kHz wave, the parallel resonance
circuit is used. Thus at 15 kHz,
At resonance: =
For maximum inductance,
To pass 45 kHz wave the series resonance circuit is used. • At resonance I, V R
Thus at 45 kHz,
• When L=0, X =0, V =0
The parallel impedance is capacitive thus inductor (L0) is required.
L L
and V are maximum.
The dynamic impedance at 45 kHz will be:23 C
By considering the supply voltage V
• I, V and V are not zero.
(Capacitor and Supply Voltage and Frequency are Fixed)
R C
as a reference, the vector of
capacitive branch IC (which is fixed)
• Lsr is value of inductance when resonance is occurred.
can be drawn as following figure.
• Let, L=0 then XL =0 (short-circuit), thus
inductive branch current is given by:
• Lm is value of inductance when voltage drop across
• Let, L=∞, then XL = ∞ (open-circuit), thus
inductive branch current is zero that means:24 Sadia Yasmin: [
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the inductor is maximum. • If XL =RL then the current and angle
of inductor branch current are:
• VL is maximum after the resonance. When L=L ,the
• By changing the value of L and draw the vector of IL it look
like as following Figure: m
• By connecting the all end points of vectors of IL it will make a
voltage across the inductor is maximum i.e. V =V .
semicircle which diameter is V/RL and radius is V/2RL . This
L Lmax
semicircle is called the locus (or path) of IL .25
• In order to draw the locus of total
• The value of Lm is obtained by setting: current I=IC+IL , first draw a parallel
line reference at the end point of IC
vector.
• Now just shift the locus of IL at the end
of IC vector. The new semicircle
represents the locus of I.
Three cases is possible here.26 Sadia Yasmin: [
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Inductor and Supply Voltage and Frequency are Fixed27 Sadia Yasmin: [
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11/10/2022REFERENCES
2 Sadia Yasmin: [
[email protected]]; Room
32 Sadia # Yasmin:
D0619[
[email protected]]; Room # D0619 11/10/2022
[1] Chapter V, Russell M Kerchner, George F Corcoran,
Alternating-Current Circuits, Fourth Edition 11/10/2022
[2] PROFESSOR DR. ABDUL MANNAN SIR’S SLIDE
• When C=0, XC=infinite, VC=supply voltage
• I, VR and VL are zero.
• At resonance I, VR and VL are maximum.
• Csr is value of Capacitance when resonance is occurred.
• Cm is value of capacitance when voltage drop across
the capacitor is maximum.
• VC is maximum before the resonance. It is assumed
that when C=Cm the voltage across the capacitor is
maximum i.e. VC =VCmax.
• The value of Cm is obtained by setting:
11/10/2022
• When f=0, XL =0, XC=infinite, VC=supply voltage and I, VR and VL are zero
• At resonance I, VR are maximum.
• VC are maximum before resonance.
• VL are maximum after resonance
• fvc is value of frequency when voltage drop across the capacitor is
maximum.
• fvl is value of frequency when voltage drop across the inductor is
maximum.
. The value of ωvl is obtained by setting:
. The value of ωvl is obtained by setting:
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As inductor (L) is varied to produce resonance in a series circuit containing R=100 ohms, XC = 200 ohms, and
f=60 Hz, (i) find the value of inductance and the voltage drop across inductor (L) at resonance, and (ii) find the
voltage drop across the inductor (L) and the value of inductance when the drop across inductor (L) is a
maximum if 1000 V are impressed.
11/10/2022
If the impressed voltage on a series circuit containing 100 ohms resistance, 100 ohms inductive reactance at 60
cycles, and a variable capacitance is 500 V, (i) find the value of capacitance and the voltage drop across
capacitor (C) at resonance, and (ii) find the voltage drop across the capacitor (C) and the value of capacitance
when the drop across capacitor (C) is maximum.
11/10/2022
A series RLC circuit with resistance of 10 Ω, inductance of 0.1 H, and capacitance of 50 µF is supplied voltage
source of 50 V. Find resonant frequency and the frequencies at which maximum voltage appears across L and C.
Two impedances Z1 = 20 + j10 and Z2 = 10 - j30 are connected in parallel and this combination is connected in
series with Z3 = 30 + jX. Find whether inductor or capacitor is required which reactance is X to pass a specified
frequency.
Since Zp is capacitive, an
inductor is required to pass a
specified frequency. Now the
total impedance is given by:
For resonance, the imaginary part of total impedance should be zero that
means:
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Practical Parallel Resonance Circuit
Practical inductor and capacitor cannot behave as • RL presents the power loss in a practical inductor.
ideal inductor and capacitor because some power is • RC presents the power loss in a practical capacitor.
consumed by a practical inductor due to the wire of
coil and capacitor due to dielectric material.
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Again,
and
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Again,
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To make the supply voltage and current are in phase, the imaginary part of admittance must be zero that
means:
The frequency will be real if any one
of the following condition is
satisfied:
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17 Sadia Yasmin: [
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A parallel combination of inductor and capacitor can work as band
eliminator or rejector, suppressor or wave trap . A wave trap is connected
in series with antenna and receiver as shown in the following figure .
18 11/10/2022
19 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0619 11/10/2022
20 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0619 11/10/2022
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Design the following circuit as shown in the following figure to
pass any wave of 45 kHz and block 15 kHz wave. Find the value
of L1 . By choosing the maximum inductance, what type of
reactance (inductive or capacitive) must be placed in series with
the source? Calculate the value of L0 or C0 which is required to
put.
To block 15 kHz wave, the parallel resonance
circuit is used. Thus at 15 kHz, To pass 45 kHz wave the series resonance circuit is used.
Thus at 45 kHz,
At resonance: 𝑩𝑳 = 𝑩𝑪
The parallel impedance is capacitive thus inductor (L0) is required.
For maximum inductance,
The dynamic impedance at 45 kHz will be:
22
(Capacitor and Supply Voltage and Frequency are Fixed)
By considering the supply voltage V
as a reference, the vector of
capacitive branch IC (which is fixed)
can be drawn as following figure.
• Let, L=∞, then XL = ∞ (open-circuit), thus
• Let, L=0 then XL =0 (short-circuit), thus inductive branch current is zero that means:
inductive branch current is given by:
23
• If XL =RL then the current and angle • By changing the value of L and draw the vector of IL it look
of inductor branch current are: like as following Figure:
• By connecting the all end points of vectors of IL it will make a
semicircle which diameter is V/RL and radius is V/2RL . This
semicircle is called the locus (or path) of IL .
24 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0619 11/10/2022
• In order to draw the locus of total Three cases is possible here.
current I=IC+IL , first draw a parallel
line reference at the end point of IC
vector.
• Now just shift the locus of IL at the end
of IC vector. The new semicircle
represents the locus of I.
25
Inductor and Supply Voltage and Frequency are Fixed
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31 Sadia Yasmin: [
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REFERENCES
[1] Chapter V, Russell M Kerchner, George F Corcoran,
Alternating-Current Circuits, Fourth Edition
[2] PROFESSOR DR. ABDUL MANNAN SIR’S SLIDE
32 Sadia Yasmin: [[email protected]]; Room # D0619 11/10/2022
