Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Analysis of the Habit of Consuming Sweet

Foods with Dental Health of the DMF-T and
DEF-T Index in Students of Primary School 8
Pangkajene, Sidrap District, 2024
Arsad1*; Anispa2; Kassaming3; Utari Zulkaidah4
1,2,4
Bachelor of Applied Dental Therapy Study Program,
3
Health Administration Undergraduate Study Program
ITKES Muhammadiyah Sidrap, Syarif Al-Qadri Rd, Pangkajene, South Sulawesi, 91611, Indonesia

Corresponding Author:- Arsad1*

Abstract:- Keywords:- Sweet Foods, Dental Health, DEF-T and DEF-T

Index.
 Background:
Data on cavities in South Sulawesi Province is I. INTRODUCTION
55.5%, while in Makassar City data on cavities is
52.09%. In the 5-9 year age group it was 65.51%, while According to the 2018 World Health Organization
in the 5-9 year age group it was 5.02%. And the results report, dental and oral health is a major determinant of a
of Community Service carried out by the ITKES person's health, quality of life and overall well-being. This
Muhammadiyah Sidrap Dental Health Study Program includes the condition of the oral cavity, including teeth and
with the results of dental health data collection for supporting structures, free from pain and various diseases
classes IV and V totaling 44 students. For class 3 def-t such as oral cancer, infection, gum disease, tooth decay, and
the average of 4.4 is considered high and for class 4 the other conditions that can affect a person's ability to bite.
average of 4.0 is considered moderate. So research was chew, smile, and communicate effectively (Suparyanto et al,
conducted to determine the relationship between the 2020).
habit of consuming sweet foods and dental health by
measuring using the DMF-T and def-t indices. The World Health Organization's Global Oral Health
Goal Indicators for Indonesia focuses on maintaining oral
 Research Objectives: health in all age groups. The Ministry of Health aims to
To find out the relationship between the habit of achieve a 90% caries-free rate in children, ensuring they can
consuming sweet foods and dental health in students. maintain optimal oral health (WHO, 2021)

 Methods: In Indonesia, cavities pose a major challenge to

Quantitative research using discovery research people's dental and oral health. Based on data from the
methods. The sampling technique is total sampling with Ministry of Health in 2018, there was a decrease in the
a total sample of 56 students. prevalence of cavities from 53.3% in 2013 to 45.3% in
2018. Despite improvements, the number of cavities still
 Results: remains high. Specifically in South Sulawesi Province, the
Based on the results of statistical tests using the chi prevalence of cavities is 55.5%, and in Makassar City it is
square test, the result was a p value = 0.000, where the p 52.09%. In children aged 3-4 years, the oral cavity rate was
value < 0.05, indicating that the hypothesis in this study 44.22%, while in the 5-9 year age group it was 65.51%.
was acceptable. of the 56 students who consumed sweet Correct tooth brushing behavior was only observed in 5.02%
foods, there were 49 students (87.5%) who consumed of children aged 5-9 years (Widyastuti et al., 2022).
sweet foods in the frequent category with high dental
health as many as 23 students (41.7%) and very high as Lack of awareness about dental care and the benefits of
many as 26 students (46.4%) with results p value 0.000. oral health is a major factor contributing to various dental
problems Marsigid et al. (2022). Education plays an
 Conclusion: important role in increasing knowledge, with higher
There is a relationship between the habit of education it is hoped that it will produce broader
consuming sweet foods and dental health in elementary understanding. It is important to assess dental health
school students in grades IV and V at SD Negeri 8 initiatives, considering factors such as environmental
Pangkajene, Sidenreng Rappang Regency in 2024. influences, educational resources, public awareness, and
dental health management for prevention and treatment. One

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
strategy to increase public awareness is through outreach Based on the description above, researchers are
programs. The ultimate goal of education is to empower interested in conducting research with the title "Relationship
individuals to understand and apply the principles of disease between the habit of consuming sweet foods and dental
prevention to maintain optimal health and safety, especially health in elementary school students in grades IV and V at
those related to dental and oral health (Zulkaidah, 2023) SD Negeri 8 Pangkajene, Sidenreng Rappang Regency in
2024" in order to find out whether there is a relationship
Wrong eating habits in elementary school children between the habit of consuming sweet foods. with dental
often occur, such as the habit of consuming excessive health.
amounts of snacks. Many of the snack foods consumed by
elementary school children are cariogenic, such as sweet and II. METHODS
sticky foods and foods with interesting shapes. The bad
effect of frequently consuming sweet or cariogenic foods is This research uses quantitative research methods
on dental health. According to (Kartikasari, 2016). This is through discovery research techniques. This approach
because cariogenic foods have a tendency to stick to the involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to
surface of the teeth. If this happens it can cause dental caries uncover patterns or correlations in the data. By utilizing this
(Arsad, 2022). method, researchers can uncover and advance the
development of new science and technology using
The output of community service carried out by the numerical data and statistical analysis (Balaka, 2022). Data
ITKES Muhammadiyah Sidrap Dental Health Study collection instruments in this research used questionnaires
Program in January 2023 at SD Negeri 8 Pangkajene and observation. The frequent category is >51% and the rare
obtained data on the dental health status of 22 Class 3 category is <51%. This research uses statistical analysis of
students with an average OHIS level of 2.0. In Class 4 there the chi-square test with a significance value (α = 0.05).
are 22 students, with 10 people classified as poor health
status, 9 people as moderate, and 3 people as good. The This research was carried out at SD Negeri 8
average def-t of Class 3 is 4.4 which is considered high, Pangkajene, Sidenreng Raappang district. The sample in this
while Class 4 is 4.0 which is considered medium. study was class IV and V of SD Negeri 8 Pangkajene with a
sampling technique, namely a total sampling of 56 students.

III. RESULT

Table 1. Respondent characteristics based on age

Age Frequency Percentage
9 th 18 32.1
10 th 26 46.4
11 th 7 21.4
Total 56 100

Based on table 1, you can see the characteristics of respondents based on the age of elementary school students from a total
sample of 56 students. The number of children aged 9 years was 18 students (32.1%), children aged 10 years were 26 students
(46.4%) and children aged 11 years were 12 students (21.4%).

Table 2 Respondent Characteristics based on Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 27 48.2
Female 29 51.8
Total 56 100

Based on table 2 above, you can see the characteristics of respondents based on male and female gender from the total
sample of 56 students. For the male gender there were 27 students (48.2%) and for the female gender there were 29 students
(51.8%).
Table 3 Distribution of Respondents based on Sweet Foods
Sweet Foods Frequency Percentage
Seldom 7 12.5
Often 49 87.5
Total 56 100

Based on table 3 above, it can be seen the distribution of respondents based on sweet foods from all samples totaling 56
students. The results for sweet foods are 7 students (12.5%) who consume sweet foods in the rare category and children who
consume sweet foods in the rare category. often as many as 49 students (87.5%)

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 4 Distribution of respondents based on dental health
Dental Health Frequency Percentage
Very Low 1 1.8
Low 1 1.8
Currently 5 8.9
Tall 23 41.1
Very high 26 46.4
Total 56 100

Based on table 4 above, you can see the distribution of respondents based on dental health in elementary school students in
grades IV and V. From all samples totaling 56 students, the results obtained for the children's dental health category were very
low at 1 student (1.8%), low at 1 students (1.8%), medium as many as 5 students (8.9%), high as many as 23 students (41.1%) and
very high as many as 26 students (46.4%).

Table 5 The relationship between the habit of consuming sweet foods and the dental health index
DMF-T and Def-t in elementary school students
Dental Health
Sweet Foods
Very Low Low Currently Tall Very high n % P Value
Seldom 1 1 5 0 0 7 12.5
0.000
Often 0 0 0 23 26 49 87.5
Total 1 1 5 23 26 56 100

Based on table 5 above, it can be seen the relationship increased risk of dental caries. Apart from that, the
between the habit of consuming sweet foods and dental frequency and timing of carbohydrate intake also plays a
health in elementary school students in grades IV and V at role in the development of cavities.
SD Negeri 8 Pangkajene. Children who consumed sweet
foods in the rare category were 7 students (12.5%) with 1 The lack of facilities and infrastructure at SD 8
student having very low dental health, 1 student with low, 5 Pangkajene hampers the implementation of dental health
students with moderate, 0 students with high and 0 students programs. In addition, it is known that students often
with very high. Meanwhile, 49 students (87.5%) often consume sticky snacks such as candy and chocolate at
consumed sweet foods with very low dental health, 0 school, which can have a negative impact on dental hygiene
students low, 0 students medium, 23 students high and 26 and increase the likelihood of dental caries.
students very high.
One of the causes of the prevalence of dental health
Based on the chi square results, it is known that the problems in students in grades IV and V of SD Negeri 8
Sig. (2-sided) is 0.000 < 0.05, then H0 is rejected and Ha is Pangkajene, Sidenreng Rappang Regency is the high
accepted. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship consumption of sweet foods. This is often caused by
between frequently consuming sweet foods and the level of children's preferences for snacks that are visually attractive
dental health, which means there is a relationship between and have a sweet taste. Regular consumption of sugary
the habit of consuming sweet foods and dental health in foods is a contributing factor to the development of dental
elementary school students in grades IV and V at SD Negeri caries in children, which ultimately leads to tooth decay.
8 Pangkajene, Sidenreng Rappang Regency in 2024.
Consuming sweet foods plays an important role in the
IV. DISCUSSION development of dental caries in children. These foods,
including cakes, bread, ice cream, milk, candy and other
Based on the research results, it shows that there are no sweet foods, usually have high levels of carbohydrates and
respondents who consume sweet foods in the rare category sucrose. Regular consumption of these items can lead to
with high and very high levels of dental health, while there tooth decay and formation of dental caries. Sweet foods are
are 49 respondents who consume sweet foods in the frequent readily available for children, especially in school canteens.
category with high and very high levels of dental health.
The School Dental Health Initiative (UKGS) is a
After analysis, this research shows that the p value = public health initiative focused on improving the oral health
0.000 is smaller than the α value (0.05), which means there of students in selected schools, complemented by individual
is a relationship between the habit of consuming sweet foods health interventions to provide necessary dental care to
and dental health in elementary school students in grades IV students in need. (Abdullah, 2018)
and V at SD Negeri 8 Pangkajene, Sidenreng Rappang
Regency in 2024. This is further strengthened by data Research conducted by Kusmana (2022) examined the
showing that individuals who frequently consume sweet relationship between cariogenic food consumption habits
foods tend to have worse dental health compared to those and the prevalence of dental caries in elementary school
who rarely consume sweet foods. Increased consumption of children using a correlative cross-sectional approach.
sweet foods can cause enamel demineralization and an Sampling was carried out purposively, resulting in a total

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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