Practical 5 List

Date:
Python Lists are just like dynamically sized arrays, declared in other languages (vector in C++ and
ArrayList in Java). In simple language, a list is a collection of things, enclosed in [ ] and separated by
commas.
The list is a sequence data type which is used to store the collection of data. Tuples and String are other
types of sequence data types.
Example of list in Python
Here we are creating Python List using [].

Var = ["Geeks", "for", "Geeks"]

print(Var)

Output:
["Geeks", "for", "Geeks"]
Lists are the simplest containers that are an integral part of the Python language. Lists need not be
homogeneous always which makes it the most powerful tool in Python. A single list may contain
DataTypes like Integers, Strings, as well as Objects. Lists are mutable, and hence, they can be altered even
after their creation.
Creating a List in Python
Lists in Python can be created by just placing the sequence inside the square brackets[]. Unlike Sets, a list
doesn’t need a built-in function for its creation of a list.
Note: Unlike Sets, the list may contain mutable elements.

Example 1: Creating a list in Python

Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Creation of List

# Creating a List

List = []

print("Blank List: ")

print(List)

# Creating a List of numbers

List = [10, 20, 14]

print("\nList of numbers: ")

print(List)

# Creating a List of strings and accessing

# using index

List = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]

print("\nList Items: ")

print(List[0])

print(List[2])

Output
Blank List:
[]

List of numbers:
[10, 20, 14]

List Items:
Geeks
Geeks

Example 2: Creating a list with multiple distinct or duplicate elements

A list may contain duplicate values with their distinct positions and hence, multiple distinct or duplicate
values can be passed as a sequence at the time of list creation.
Python3

# Creating a List with

# the use of Numbers

# (Having duplicate values)

List = [1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 6, 5]

print("\nList with the use of Numbers: ")

print(List)

# Creating a List with

# mixed type of values

# (Having numbers and strings)

List = [1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']

print("\nList with the use of Mixed Values: ")

print(List)

Output
List with the use of Numbers:
[1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 6, 5]

List with the use of Mixed Values:

[1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']

Accessing elements from the List

In order to access the list items refer to the index number. Use the index operator [ ] to access an item in a
list. The index must be an integer. Nested lists are accessed using nested indexing.
Example 1: Accessing elements from list
Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# accessing of element from list

# Creating a List with

# the use of multiple values

List = ["Geeks", "For", "Geeks"]

# accessing a element from the

# list using index number

print("Accessing a element from the list")

print(List[0])

print(List[2])

Output
Accessing a element from the list
Geeks
Geeks
Example 2: Accessing elements from a multi-dimensional list
Python3

# Creating a Multi-Dimensional List

# (By Nesting a list inside a List)

List = [['Geeks', 'For'], ['Geeks']]

# accessing an element from the

# Multi-Dimensional List using

# index number

print("Accessing a element from a Multi-Dimensional list")

print(List[0][1])

print(List[1][0])
Output
Accessing a element from a Multi-Dimensional list
For
Geeks

Negative indexing

In Python, negative sequence indexes represent positions from the end of the array. Instead of having to
compute the offset as in List[len(List)-3], it is enough to just write List[-3]. Negative indexing means
beginning from the end, -1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to the second-last item, etc.
Python3

List = [1, 2, 'Geeks', 4, 'For', 6, 'Geeks']

# accessing an element using

# negative indexing

print("Accessing element using negative indexing")

# print the last element of list

print(List[-1])

# print the third last element of list

print(List[-3])

Output
Accessing element using negative indexing
Geeks
For
Getting the size of Python list
Python len() is used to get the length of the list.
Python3

# Creating a List
List1 = []

print(len(List1))

# Creating a List of numbers

List2 = [10, 20, 14]

print(len(List2))

Output
0
3
Taking Input of a Python List
We can take the input of a list of elements as string, integer, float, etc. But the default one is a string.

Example 2:
Python

# input size of the list

n = int(input("Enter the size of list : "))

# store integers in a list using map,

# split and strip functions

lst = list(map(int, input("Enter the integer\

elements:").strip().split()))[:n]

# printing the list

print('The list is:', lst)

Output:
Enter the size of list : 4
Enter the integer elements: 6 3 9 10
The list is: [6, 3, 9, 10]
To know more see this.
Adding Elements to a Python List

Method 1: Using append() method

Elements can be added to the List by using the built-in append() function. Only one element at a time can
be added to the list by using the append() method, for the addition of multiple elements with the append()
method, loops are used. Tuples can also be added to the list with the use of the append method because
tuples are immutable. Unlike Sets, Lists can also be added to the existing list with the use of the append()
method.
Python3

Output
Initial blank List:
[]

List after Addition of Three elements:

[1, 2, 4]

List after Addition of elements from 1-3:

[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3]

List after Addition of a Tuple:

[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, (5, 6)]

List after Addition of a List:

[1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, (5, 6), ['For', 'Geeks']]

Method 2: Using insert() method

append() method only works for the addition of elements at the end of the List, for the addition of elements
at the desired position, insert() method is used. Unlike append() which takes only one argument, the
insert() method requires two arguments(position, value).
)

Method 3: Using extend() method

Other than append() and insert() methods, there’s one more method for the Addition of elements, extend(),
this method is used to add multiple elements at the same time at the end of the list.
Note: append() and extend() methods can only add elements at the end.
Python3
# Python program to demonstrate

# Addition of elements in a List

# Creating a List

List = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print("Initial List: ")

print(List)

# Addition of multiple elements

# to the List at the end

# (using Extend Method)

List.extend([8, 'Geeks', 'Always'])

print("\nList after performing Extend Operation: ")

print(List)

Output
Initial List:
[1, 2, 3, 4]
List after performing Extend Operation:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 'Geeks', 'Always']
Reversing a List
Method 1: A list can be reversed by using the reverse() method in Python .
Python3

# Reversing a list

mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'Geek', 'Python']

mylist.reverse()
print(mylist)

Output
['Python', 'Geek', 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Method 2: Using the reversed() function:
The reversed() function returns a reverse iterator, which can be converted to a list using the list() function.
Python3

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

reversed_list = list(reversed(my_list))

print(reversed_list)

Output
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
Removing Elements from the List

Method 1: Using remove() method

Elements can be removed from the List by using the built-in remove() function but an Error arises if the
element doesn’t exist in the list. Remove() method only removes one element at a time, to remove a range
of elements, the iterator is used. The remove() method removes the specified item.
Note: Remove method in List will only remove the first occurrence of the searched element.
Example 1:
Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Removal of elements in a List

# Creating a List

List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

print("Initial List: ")

print(List)
# Removing elements from List

# using Remove() method

List.remove(5)

List.remove(6)

print("\nList after Removal of two elements: ")

print(List)

Output
Initial List:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

List after Removal of two elements:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
Example 2:
Python3

# Creating a List

List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

# Removing elements from List

# using iterator method

for i in range(1, 5):

List.remove(i)

print("\nList after Removing a range of elements: ")

print(List)

Output
List after Removing a range of elements:
[5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

Method 2: Using pop() method

pop() function can also be used to remove and return an element from the list, but by default it removes
only the last element of the list, to remove an element from a specific position of the List, the index of the
element is passed as an argument to the pop() method.
Python3

List = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Removing element from the

# Set using the pop() method

List.pop()

print("\nList after popping an element: ")

print(List)

# Removing element at a

# specific location from the

# Set using the pop() method

List.pop(2)

print("\nList after popping a specific element: ")

print(List)

Output
List after popping an element:
[1, 2, 3, 4]

List after popping a specific element:

[1, 2, 4]
Slicing of a List
We can get substrings and sublists using a slice. In Python List, there are multiple ways to print the whole
list with all the elements, but to print a specific range of elements from the list, we use the Slice operation.
Slice operation is performed on Lists with the use of a colon(:).
To print elements from beginning to a range use:
[: Index]
To print elements from end-use:
[:-Index]
To print elements from a specific Index till the end use
[Index:]
To print the whole list in reverse order, use
[::-1]
Note – To print elements of List from rear-end, use Negative Indexes.

UNDERSTANDING SLICING OF LISTS:

 pr[0] accesses the first item, 2.
 pr[-4] accesses the fourth item from the end, 5.
 pr[2:] accesses [5, 7, 11, 13], a list of items from third to last.
 pr[:4] accesses [2, 3, 5, 7], a list of items from first to fourth.
 pr[2:4] accesses [5, 7], a list of items from third to fifth.
 pr[1::2] accesses [3, 7, 13], alternate items, starting from the second item.
Python3

# Python program to demonstrate

# Removal of elements in a List

# Creating a List

List = ['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F',

'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

print("Initial List: ")

print(List)

# Print elements of a range

# using Slice operation

Sliced_List = List[3:8]

print("\nSlicing elements in a range 3-8: ")

print(Sliced_List)

# Print elements from a

# pre-defined point to end

Sliced_List = List[5:]

print("\nElements sliced from 5th "

"element till the end: ")

print(Sliced_List)

# Printing elements from

# beginning till end

Sliced_List = List[:]

print("\nPrinting all elements using slice operation: ")

print(Sliced_List)

Output
Initial List:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

Slicing elements in a range 3-8:

['K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R']

Elements sliced from 5th element till the end:

['F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

Printing all elements using slice operation:

['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

Negative index List slicing

Python3

# Creating a List

List = ['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F',

'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

print("Initial List: ")

print(List)

# Print elements from beginning

# to a pre-defined point using Slice

Sliced_List = List[:-6]

print("\nElements sliced till 6th element from last: ")

print(Sliced_List)

# Print elements of a range

# using negative index List slicing

Sliced_List = List[-6:-1]

print("\nElements sliced from index -6 to -1")

print(Sliced_List)

# Printing elements in reverse

# using Slice operation

Sliced_List = List[::-1]

print("\nPrinting List in reverse: ")

print(Sliced_List)

Output
Initial List:
['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O', 'R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S']

Elements sliced till 6th element from last:

['G', 'E', 'E', 'K', 'S', 'F', 'O']

Elements sliced from index -6 to -1

['R', 'G', 'E', 'E', 'K']

Printing List in reverse:

['S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G', 'R', 'O', 'F', 'S', 'K', 'E', 'E', 'G']

PRACTI CAL – 2

A) Create a list and apply methods (append, extend, remove, reverse), arrange the created list
in ascending and descending order.

list1 = [13, 22, 18, 12, 2, 11]

print("Original : ", list1)

#extend and append in list

list1.append(25) print("After
append : ",list1)

list2 = [15, 7]
list1.extend(list2) print("After
extend : ",list1)

#remove element from list

list1.remove(15)
print("Remove 15 : ",list1)
#reverse a list list3
= list1[ : :-1]
print("Reverse list : ",list3)

#ascending and descending sort

list1.sort()
print("Ascending : ",list1)
list1.sort(reverse=True)
print("Descending : ",list1)
B) List1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, ["python", "java", "c++", [10,20,30]], 5, 6, 7, ["apple", "banana",
"orange"]] From above list get word “orange” and “Python” & repeat this list five times
without using loops.

List1 =
[1,2,3,4,["python","java","c++",[10,20,30]],5,6,7,["apple","bana na","orange"]]

#orange
print("List1[8][2] : ",List1[8][2])

#python
print("List1[4][0] : ",List1[4][0])

#print 5 times
print("5 times : \n",List1*5)

C) Create a list and copy it using slice function

list1 = [13, 22, 18, 12, 2, 11]

print("Original : ", list1)

#copying list list2

= list1[ : ]
print("Copied list : ",list2)

D) Create a tuple and apply different types of mathematical operation on it (Sum,

Maximum, minimum etc.).

tup = (5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 5)

print(tup)

#sum of all values in tuple print("Sum

of elements : ",sum(tup))

#min and max of tuple values print("Minimum

element : ",min(tup)) print("Maximum element :
",max(tup))

#indexing
print("Element at index 3 : ",tup[3])

#count and index

print("Number of 5s : ",tup.count(5))
print("Index of 1st 5 :",tup.index(5))

#iteration of tuple print("\nIterate

tuple elements :") for i in tup:
print(i,end = " ")