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Types of Sampling

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Types of Sampling

Uploaded by

haseebulhaq41
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY SAMPLING:

(a) Simple Random Sampling:

Simple random sampling is a fundamental method where each member of the population has
an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves randomly selecting individuals
or objects from the population without any specific criteria.

This method ensures that every element in the population has an equal probability of being
included in the sample, resulting in a representative sample. It is commonly implemented
using random number generators or random sampling tables.

(b) Stratified Sampling:

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into mutually exclusive and
homogeneous subgroups called strata based on specific characteristics such as age, gender, or
geographic location.

The researcher then selects a random sample from each stratum in proportion to its
representation in the population. This method ensures that the sample adequately represents
each subgroup, allowing for more precise estimations and comparisons within strata.

(c) Systematic Sampling:

Systematic sampling involves selecting individuals from the population at regular intervals
using a predetermined sampling interval. The sampling interval is determined by dividing the
population size by the desired sample size.

The researcher randomly selects a starting point and then selects every nth individual from
the sampling frame. Systematic sampling is more efficient than simple random sampling and
ensures coverage of the entire population, but there is a risk of introducing periodicity if there
is an underlying pattern in the sampling frame.

(d) Cluster Sampling:

Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters or naturally occurring groups,
such as schools, communities, or geographical regions. The researcher randomly selects a
sample of clusters and includes all individuals or objects within the selected clusters in the
sample.
Cluster sampling is useful when it is difficult or expensive to sample individuals directly, and
it helps reduce costs and logistical challenges. However, it may introduce greater variability
within clusters and require a larger sample size for accurate estimates.

NON-PROBABILITY SMPLING:

(a) Purposive Sampling:

Purposive Sampling also known as judgement or deliberate sampling, involves deliberately


selecting individuals who possess specific characteristics or meet certain criteria.

The researcher uses their judgment to identify participants who are considered most relevant
for the research study. Purposive sampling is commonly used in qualitative research or when
studying a specific sub-group within the population. However it may result in bias and limit
the generalizability of the findings.

(b) Snowball Sampling:

Snowball sampling, also referred to as referral or chain sampling, is often used when studying
populations that are difficult to reach or hidden. The researcher initially identifies a small
number of individuals who meet the study criteria and collects data from them.

Afterward, these participants refer or recruit additional participants from their social networks
who also meet the criteria. This method is useful for studying sensitive topics, rare
populations, or when access to the population is challenging. However, it may introduce bias
as participants’ characteristics influence the selection of subsequent participants.

(c) Quota Sampling:

Quota sampling involves selecting participants based on pre-defined quotas to match specific
characteristics of the population. The researcher sets quotas for different subgroups based on
their proportions in the population and then selects participants to fulfill those quotas.

Quota sampling is commonly used in market research or opinion polls. However, it does not
involve random selection and can lead to bias if the quotas do not accurately represent the
population.

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