DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING,

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
MANESAR,GURUGRAM,HARYANA,INDIA
TRACTOR AND SPECIAL PURPOSE
VEHICLES
 CHAPTER-1
DEFINITION TRACTOR
The agricultural tractor is one of the class of mobile machines that
involves the ‘traction’ process. The word 'traction' and name 'tractor'
come from the word to 'draw' or 'pull' so a tractor is basically a
machine for pulling; other mobile machines such as locomotives are
in the same class. Vehicles like road trucks and even motor cars,
which are essentially vehicles for carrying loads, also involve the
traction process. The tractor is also in the class of machines that
involves operation under what are known as 'off-road' conditions.
Others in this class include machines used in earth moving, mining
and military work, also four-wheel drive motor vehicles for cross -
country operation.
 Development of tractor
• The tractor evolved in the second half of the 19th century and
first half of the 20th into its present, conventional, two wheel
drive form and four wheel drive variation. This form owes much
to history but also the fact that it is an inherently logical
arrangement.
• Designers followed early tractor designs that were simply
replacements for horses or other draught animals.
• (ii) The layout takes advantage of the transfer of weight to the
main driving wheels at the rear, as the drawbar pull on the tractor
increases.
• (iii) The layout is inherently stable in the horizontal plane because
the implement commonly being pulled behind the tractor tends
to follow the latter and to pull it into straight line operation.
• (iv) Rear mounted implements offer a minimum of offset loading
and moment in the horizontal plane; this contrasts with, for
example side mounted implements.
 TRACTOR CLASSIFICATION
• Two-wheel drive
• Four-wheel drive
Front wheel assist
• Articulated tractors
TRACTORS Two wheel drive
• Front- wheel assist
• Four wheel drive (articulated)
• Tracked tractors
 On the basis of purpose, wheeled
tractor is classified into three groups:
General purpose tractor: It is used for major farm
operations; such as ploughing, harrowing, sowing,
harvesting and transporting work. Such tractors have (i)
low ground clearance (ii) increased engine power (iii)
good adhesion and (iv) wide tyres. (b) Row crop
tractor: It is used for crop cultivation. Such tractor is
provided with replaceable driving wheels of different
tread widths. It has high ground clearance to save
damage of crops. Wide wheel track can be adjusted to
suit inter row distance. (c) Special purpose tractor: It is
used for definite jobs like cotton fields, marshy land,
hillsides, garden etc. Special designs are there for
special purpose tractor.
 Main tractor assemblies

• (1) I. C. engine, (2) Clutch (3) Transmission gears (4)

Differential unit (5) Final drive (6) Rear wheels (7)
Front wheels (8) Steering mechanism (9) Hydraulic
control and hitch system (10) Brakes (11) Power
take-off unit (12) Tractor pulley and (13) Control
panel.
 Types of engine used
• Every tractor is fitted with an I. C. engine, the
engine may be carburettor type or diesel type but
nowadays almost all the tractors are diesel engine
tractors.
 Trends in Tractor Design
Trends in Tractor Design

With all the developments in the last hundred years, most tractors today
still look much like small steam traction engines. The growth, however in
power and weight of tractors will probably not continue at the same rate
as in the past. The reason for limiting the increase in size of future
tractors is due to increase in soil compaction affecting soil conservation as
well as plant growth. The future will see more sophisticated tractors with
greater reliability, manoe uvr ability, comfort, and safety. Gradual
evolution in design is more likely than radical change. Currently, more
number of speeds with faster highway towing speeds, comfort, safety,
more information systems are being developed for tractors. The modern
farm tractor has become a marvel of engineering with features that
would be beyond the imaginations of early tractor designers. How could
they have imagined a future operator sitting in an air conditioned cab,
using an internet-connected computer to check crop prices while a GPS
signal guided the tractor across the field. Further, the tractor has
transformed agriculture.
 SELECTION OF TRACTOR
• (1) Land holding: Under a single cropping pattern, it is normally recommended to consider
1 hp for every 1 hectares of land, In other words, one tractor of 20-25 hp is suitable for 20
hectares farm.
• (2) Cropping pattern: Generally less than 1.0 hectare/hp have been recommended where
adequate irrigation facilities are available and more than one crop is taken. So a 30-35 hp
tractor is suitable for 25 hectares farm.
• (3) Soil condition: A tractor with less wheel base, higher ground clearance and low overall
weight may work successfully in lighter soil but it will not be able to give sufficient depth in
black cotton soil.
• (4) Climatic condition: For very hot zone and desert area, air cooled engines are
preferred over water-cooled engines. Similarly for higher altitude, air cooled engines are
preferred because water is liable to be frozen at higher altitude.
• (5) Repairing facilities: It should be ensured that the tractor to be purchased has a dealer
at near by place with all the technical skills for repair and maintenance of machine.
• (6) Running cost: Tractors with less specific fuel consumption should be preferred over
others so that running cost may be less.
• (7) Initial cost and resale value: While keeping the resale value in mind, the initial cost
should not AG ENGG 243 Lecture 9 2 be very high; otherwise higher amount of interest will
have to be paid.
•
 SOME TECHNICAL TERMS CONNECTED WITH
TRACTORS
• Wheelbase:
• Wheel base is the horizontal distance between the front and rear wheels of
a tractor, measured at the ground contact.
• Ground clearance:
• It is the height of the lowest point of die tractor from the ground surface,
the tractor being loaded to its maximum permissible weight.
• Track:
• Track is the distance between the two wheels of the tractor on the same
axle, measured at the point of ground contact.
• Turning space:
• It is the diameter of the smallest circle, described by the outermost point of
the tractor, while moving at a speed, not exceeding 2 km/hr with the
steering wheels in full lock.
• Cage wheel:
• It is a wheel or an attachment to a wheel with spaced cross bars for
improving the traction of the tractor in a wet field. It is generally used in
paddy fields.
 Human factor in tractor design
• HUMAN FACTORS IN TRACTOR DESIGN

• The design of modern tractor includes following human factors consideration:

• Riding comfort
• Visibility
• Location and arrangement of controls
• Ease of operating controls
• Design for thermal control, and
• Sound Control
• These factors when properly incorporated in design, allow the operator to perform many complex with

• Efficiency
• Safety, and
• Minimum of fatigue
• Operator Exposure to Environmental factors

• Tractors are used under varied geographical and climatological conditions. Environmental factors to which operator
is directly exposed are

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Wind
• Thermal radiation
• Dust, and
• Chemical
• Design of a suitable enclosure for the tractor operator minimizes the effects of above factors. Table 1 defines
comfort and bearable zones for humans.
 Applications of tractors
• The most common use of the term "tractor" is for the vehicles used on farms. The
farm tractor is used for pulling or pushing agricultural machinery or trailers,
for plowing ,tilling, disking, harrowing, planting, and similar tasks.
• A farm tractor used to power a pump for irrigating a plot of land
• A variety of specialty farm tractors have been developed for particular uses. These
include "row crop" tractors with adjustable tread width to allow the tractor to pass
down rows of corn, tomatoes or other crops without crushing the plants,
"wheatland" or "standard" tractors with fixed wheels and a lower center of gravity
for plowing and other heavy field work for broadcast crops, and "high crop"
tractors with adjustable tread and increased ground clearance, often used in the
cultivation of cotton and other high-growing row crop plant operations, and
"utility tractors", typically smaller tractors with a low center of gravity and short
turning radius, used for general purposes around the farmstead. Many utility
tractors are used for nonfarm grading, landscape maintenance and excavation
purposes, particularly with loaders, backhoes, pallet forks and similar devices.
Small garden or lawn tractors designed for suburban and semirural gardening and
landscape maintenance also exist in a variety of configurations.
• A tractor with a chaser bin
• Some farm-type tractors are found elsewhere than on farms: with large
universities' gardening departments, in public parks, or for highway workman use
with blowtorch cylinders strapped to the sides and a pneumatic drill air
compressor permanently fastened over the power take-off.These are often fitted
with grass (turf) tyres which are less damaging to soft surfaces than agricultural
tires.
 CHAPTER-2
TRACTOR CHASSIS

*INTRODUCTION
*TRACTOR CHASSIS
*HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
*BRAKINK SYSTEM
*SUSPENSION SYSTEM
*MAINTAINANCE OF TRACTOR
 TRACTOR CHASSIS
A tractor is an engineering vehicle specifically designed
to deliver at a high traction (or torque) at slow speeds,
for the purposes of hauling a trailer or machinery used
in agriculture or construction. Most commonly, the
term is used to describe a farm vehicle that provides
the power and traction to mechanize agricultural tasks,
especially (and originally) tillage, but nowadays a great
variety of tasks. Agricultural implements may be towed
behind or mounted on the tractor, and the tractor may
also provide a source of power if the implement is
mechanised.
 TRACTOR CHASSIS
• What is Tractor Chassis
• Definition:
• Chassis is called the base or frame of a tractor.
• Types of Tractor Chassis Frames
• Chassisless Tractor
• Tractor having Chassis Frame.
 Types of clutch used in tractors
• Tractor Clutch types:
• Its task is to create a releasable connection between the
engine crankshaft and the other parts of the power
transmission unit.
• Single-plate Friction Clutch:
• The friction clutch creates a connection between the
crankshaft and the drive shaft of the clutch and the cog-
wheel of the gears with one clutch disk or with two in the
case of larger engines. Its connected components are the
flywheel which is ulinked to the crankshaft, the axially
movable pressure plate and the friction plate between
them, which is made of a thin steel disc. There is a ring
shaped friction lining riveted and glued on both sides of
the latter which is made of a friction increasing, heat
resistant material. The pressure plate that rotates together
with the flywheel and the friction plate situated between
them are pushed together by compression springs. At their
other end, the springs are supported by the clutch case.
These compressions exert the pressure force required for
shifting.
• Figure Shown The Single-plate Friction Clutch
• Double-plate Friction Clutch: (Dual Clutch)
• Front plate: driven shaft differential
• Rear plate: PTO shaft
• Multiple plate clutches
• The hydrodynamic clutch:
• Operates automatically, therefore it provides a
smooth start. It transmits a small torque at small
rpm after start; but it is capable of providing
significant torque at high rpm. Its efficiency at low
rpm is poor, but it improves with the increase of
speed.
• Centrifugal clutch:
• It is used in garden tractors. With the increase of
revolutions per minute the flyweights – beating
spring force – are pressed against the inner wall of
the drum transmitting the torque of the engine.
Transmission system
Transmission is a speed reducing mechanism,
equipped with several gears (Fig.). It may be called a
sequence of gears and shafts, through which the
engine power is transmitted to the tractor wheels. The
system consists of various devices that cause forward
and backward movement of tractor to suit different
field condition. The complete path of power from the
engine to the wheels is called po
wer train.
 Finaldrive
Final drive is a gear reduction unit in the
power trains between the differential and
the drive wheels. Final drive transmits the
power finally to the rear axle and the
wheels. The tractor rear wheels are not
directly attached to the half shafts but the
drive is taken through a pair of spur gears.
Each half shaft terminates in a small gear,
which meshes with a large gear called bull
gear. The bull gear is mounted on the shaft,
carrying the tractor rear wheel. The device
for final speed reduction, suitable for tractor
rear wheels is known as final drive
mechanism.
 transmission system buyout
• Function of power transmission system:
(i) to transmit power from the engine to
the rear wheels of the tractor, (ii) to make
reduced speed available, to rear wheels
of the tractor, (ii) to alter the ratio of
wheel speed and engine speed in order to
suit the field conditions and (iv) to
transmit power through right angle drive,
because the crankshaft and rear axle are
normally at right angles to each other.
The power transmission system consists
of: (a) Clutch (b) Transmission gears (c)
Differential (d) Final drive (e) Rear axle (f)
Rear wheels. Combination of all these
components is responsible for
transmission of power.
 Classification of brake
• Classification of brake: Brake can be classified
as:
• (1) Mechanical brake and
• (2) Hydraulic brake.
• Mechanical brake can be:
• (a) Internal expanding shoe type
• (b) External contracting shoe type and
• (c) Disc type.
 Tractor brake system
• Brake is used to stop or slow down the
motion of a tractor. It is mounted on the
driving axle and operated by two
independent pedals. Each pedal can be
operated independently to assist the
turning of tractor during the fieldwork or
locked together by means of a lock.
• Principle of operation: Brake works on
the principle of friction. When a moving
clement is brought into contact with a
stationary element, the motion of the
moving element is affected. This is due to
frictional force, which acts in opposite
direction of the motion and converts the
kinetic energy into heat energy.
 Operator seat design in tractor
• 1. Safety, comfort and convenience of
the operator.
• 2. Location and construction of the
operator’s work place.
• 3. The work place should be located
on the machine so that visibility in the
driving position is good without
requiring the operator to work in an
awkward, tiring position.
• 4. The operator should be able to
change his working position easily.
• 5. Levers, pedals and instruments
should be conveniently and logically
located.
• 6. The work place should fit both tall
and short operators.
• 7. The work area should be free of
sharp edges and obstruction such as
transmission cases.
 CHAPTER-3.
Supplementary System
• take off shaft, draw bar working, double clutch
system traction control unit,
belt pulley three point linkages
 power take-off shaft
• A power take-off or power
takeoff (PTO) is any of several
methods for taking power from a
power source, such as a
running engine,
and transmitting it to an
application such as an attached
implement or separate machines.
• Most commonly, it is a splined
drive shaft installed on
a tractor or truck allowing
implements with mating fittings
to be powered directly by the
engine.
 PTO safety
The PTO and its associated
shafts and universal joints are
a common cause of incidents
and injury in farming and
industry.

The first industry standard for

PTO design was adopted by
ASAE (the American Society
of Agricultural Engineers )in
April 1927. The PTO
rotational speed was
specified as 536 ± 10 rpm;
the direction was clockwise.
The speed was later changed
to 540 rpm.[
 Draw bar working in tractor
A drawbar is a solid coupling between a hauling
vehicle and its hauled load. Drawbars are in
common use with tractor, rail transport, road
trailers, both large and small, industrial and
recreational, and with agricultural equipment.
 double clutch system traction control
unit
• A dual-clutch system (DCT) (sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch
transmission or double-clutch transmission) is a automated
automotive transmission, closely related to a manual transmission. It
uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets. It can
fundamentally be described as two separate manual transmissions with
their respective clutches contained within one housing, and working as
one unit.
• A two-stage clutch allows the PTO to engage and turn the output shaft
before the wheels move. The first half of the clutch pedal travel is
dedicated to the PTO clutch, the last half operates the wheel drive
clutch.
You can check to see if the tractor has a two-stage clutch by watching
the engaged PTO stub shaft as you let the clutch pedal out. If it begins
to turn well before the tractor itself moves, you have a two-stage
clutch.
 Three point linkagesbelt pulley
Key components and measurements on
a three-point hitch
1Upper Link 2 Lower Links 3 Upper
Link Hitch Point, ULHP 4 Lower Link
Hitch Points, LLHP 5 Upper Link
Point, ULP 6 Lower Link Points, LLP 7
Upper Hitch Attachment 8 Lower
Hitch Attachment 9 Upper Link
Attachment 10 Linch Pin 11 Lift Rods
12 Mast 13 Mast Height 14 Mast
Height 15 Leveling adjustment 16
Lower Hitch Point Span 17 Linch Pin
Distance 18 Movement Range 19
Transport Height 20 Lower Hitch
Point Clearance
 Components
Drawbar Cage (1):
The drawbar cage mounts
the crossbar which gives
extra support to the
drawbar in accordance with
 CHAPTER-4-WHEEL AND
TYRES
Tractor Wheels and Tyres (06 hrs)
Salient features of wheels, tyres, and wheel
base/wheel tracks. Specifications of
wheels and tyres, dual versus tendum tyres, tread
design, effect of tyre inflation.
differential lock
 CHAPTER-4-Introduction

• Features of tyre
• Features of wheel
• Features wheel base/ wheel track
• Specification of wheel and tyre
• Tread design
• Differential lock
Feature of tyre
• Tyre should not skill or slip
on the road surface.
• Tyre should be able to carry
the vehicle load.
• Tyre should be balanced
dynamically and as well as
statically.
Feature of wheel
• The wheel
strong enough
to withstand the
weight of the
vehicle.
• Flexible to
absorb the road
shocks.
• Able to grip the
road surface.
• Light and easily
remarkable.
 Feature of wheel base /
wheel track
• Wheel base should be better
flotation.
• Wheel base should be smoother ride
on rough field.
• More stability on hillside and able to
maintain traction.
• Easier implement hook up.
Specification of tyre
 Specifications of wheel

• Wheel side : 15x6

• PCD : 4x100/108.5x100/114.3
• Off Set : 32
effect of tyre inflation in tractor
Tread design
 Differential lock
• A locking differential, differential lock, diff
lock or locker is a variation on the standard
automotive Differential. A locking differential may
provide increased traction compared to a
standard, or "open" differential by restricting each
of the two wheels on an axle to the same
rotational speed without regard to available
traction or differences in resistance seen at each
wheel.
Differential lock
 CHAPTER-5-Hydraulic system

• Functions of hydraulic
system, hydraulic
system layout, various
components of
hydraulic system and
their functions.
Methods of attaching
implements,
variouscontrol systems
– depth control,
position control, draft
control, combination
control.Working of
hydraulic control levers,
other uses of hydraulic
control system
 Methods of attaching implements
The working unit for both field work and
transportation consists of a tractor and the
implement, which are connected together by
components which are called the hitches. The
tractor and the implement influence each other
with regard to function, and consequently the
method of connecting them has important
influences on the effectiveness of the entire
working unit.
When selecting or designing a hitching system
the following factors should be considered: 1.
Maximum efficiency in power utilization should
be achieved for the entire working unit. 2.
Switching from one implement to another
should be performed as easily as possible.
The hitching system should ':Je effective both
during work and during transport. 4. The
hitching system should be capable of
accommodating a wide range of implements on
the same tractor.
 Draft and depth control
• Provision for depth and draft control is made in the hydraulic
system to ensure automatic of plough when it hits a hard ground.

• Position control: In this system, constant depth of ploughing is

maintained by automatic adjustment of draft of tractor. In this
system the control valve can be operated directly by the driver to
raise lower or hold an implement, mounted on the linkage at any
chosen height.
• Draft control: In this system, the working depth of any implement
can be controlled continuously without the need for a depth wheel
on the implement. The hydraulic control valve reacts to changes in
the loading in either the top or lower links which arc due to changes
in the draft or pull required by the implement. If any imple-ment
goes too deep its draft increases. This increase is sensed through
the top link or lower links. The control system then raises the
implement until the draft is back to the present level and the
implement is at the origi-nal depth again using the draft control
system
 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

Principle of hydraulic drive system:

Pascal's lawis the basis of hydraulic drive systems. As the pressure in the system
is the same, the force that the fluid gives to the surroundings is therefore equal
to pressure × area. In such a way, a small piston feels a small force and a large
piston feels a large force.

The same principle applies for a hydraulic pump with a small swept volume that
asks for a small torque, combined with a hydraulic motor with a large swept
volume that gives a large torque. In such a way a transmission with a certain
ratio can be built.

Most hydraulic drive systems make use of hydraulic cylinders. Here the same
principle is used — a small torque can be transmitted into a large force.
 BRAKING SYSTEM
• That's why brakes use hydraulics: a system of
fluid-filled pipes that can multiply force and
transmit it easily from one place to another.
When you press on the brakepedal, your foot
moves a lever that forces a piston into a long,
narrow cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid.
MEACHINICAL BRAKE STSTEM
brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing
energy from a moving system. It is used for slowing or stopping
a moving vehicle, wheel, axle, or to prevent its motion, most
often accomplished by means of friction.
 SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Suspension is the system of tires, tire air,
springs, shock absorbers and linkages
that connects a vehicle to its wheels and
allows relative motion between the two.
The design of front and
rear suspension of a tractor may be
different.
 CHAPTER-6
Special purpose vehicle
Description and working principles of:
Bull Dozer
Fire station vehicle
Front end loader
Cranes
 Bull Dozer
Typically, bulldozers are large and powerful
tracked heavy equipment. The tracks give
them excellent ground holding capability and
mobility through very rough terrain. Wide
tracks help distribute the bulldozer's weight
over a large area (decreasing ground pressure),
thus preventing it from sinking
in sandy or muddy ground.

bulldozers are often used in road

building, construction, mining, forestry, land
clearing, infrastructure development, and any
other projects requiring highly mobile,
powerful, and stable earth-moving equipment.
Fire station vehicle
• A fire engine (also known in some territories
as a fire truck or fire appliance) is a vehicle
designed primarily for firefighting operations.
The terms "fire engine" and "fire truck" are
often used interchangeably; however in
some fire departments/fire services they refer
to separate and specific types of vehicle.
•
1.1Conventional fire apparatus
• 1.2Aerial apparatus
• 1.2.1Turntable ladder
– 1.2.1.1Tiller truck
• 1.2.2Aerial platform
• 1.3Technical rescue apparatus
• 1.4Hazardous materials apparatus
• 1.5Wildland and wildland–urban interface fire apparatus
• 1.6Logistical support apparatus
• 1.6.1Command support unit
• 1.7Water carrying apparatus1.7.1Tender truck
• 1.8Airport crash tender1.9Other apparatus
Front end loader
 Front end loader
• A loader is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks,
that has a front-mounted square wide bucket connected to the end
of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground,
such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another
without pushing the material across the ground. A loader is
commonly used to move a stockpiled material from ground level
and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into an open trench
excavation.
• The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or
permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with
other devices or tools—for example, many can mount forks to lift
heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically opening
"clamshell" bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper.
The bucket can also be augmented with devices like a bale grappler
for handling large bales of hay or straw.
 Crane
it exist in an enormous variety of forms –
each tailored to a specific use. Sizes
range from the smallest jib cranes, used
inside workshops, to the tallest tower
cranes, used for constructing high
buildings. Mini-cranes are also used for
constructing high buildings, in order to
facilitate constructions by reaching tight
spaces. Finally, we can find larger
floating cranes, generally used to build
oil rigs and salvage sunken ships.
Some lifting machines do not strictly fit
the above definition of a crane, but are
generally known as cranes, such as
stacker cranes and loader cranes.
 Type of crane

Truck-mounted crane

Deployed truck-mounted crane

 Types of crane

Floating crane
Rough terrain crane
Crawler crane
 CHAPTER-7
Special purpose vehicle
 MAINTENANCE OF TRACTOR
• Faults and their rectification in tractor and
maintenance of tractor
• 1. FMP 211 Farm Power and Machinery (1+1)
• 2. MAINTENANCE OF TRACTOR
• 3. Study your owner’s manual
• 4. The manufacturer has specific instructions for basic care
of your tractor, and they have the expertise to give you the
best advice on how to do it. This will tell you the intervals for
routine maintenance, including chassis lubrication, engine,
transmission, and hydraulic oil change, filter changes, and
other maintenance items.
• 5. Obtain tools
• 6. Tractor maintenance requires numerous wrenches an
other tools in larger sizes than for automobile maintenance,
so plan to buy or borrow the tools you need.
7. Protect the tractor from the elements
8. Check fluids regularly
9. Check tire inflation
10.If tires run with excessively low tire pressure, tread
wear increases dramatically. Adjust air pressure for the
type of work planned for the day ahead. If road travel
is expected, add a few pounds of pressure to each tire.
If tillage is expected, reduce pressure by a few pounds.
11. Keep an eye on belts and hoses
12. Keep the brake linkages lubricated, and make sure the
brakes are adjusted equally
13. Watch the gauges
14. Keep an eye on the temperature, oil pressure, and
tachometer. The temperature gauge should be marked
with a normal operating range, but any time the
indicator says the temperature is over 220 °F (104 °C),
the engine is running hot.
15. Check the filters regularly
16. Check the air filter often. Tractors are often operated in
very dusty conditions, and in some cases, the filters must be
cleaned daily or weekly. Clean the air filter with a shop
vacuum or with compressed air, never by washing it. Replace
the air filter when it cannot be cleaned satisfactorily, or if the
filter is damaged.
17. Check the radiator screen
18. Tractors are often operated in conditions where debris
may accumulate on the radiator, so they usually have a front
screen or grill to prevent plant matter, insects, or pollen from
clogging the radiant.
Top 10-Prominent makes of Indian
tractors
1-Mahindra Tractors.
2-John Deere.
3-Escort Agri Machinery.
4-TAFE.
5-New Holland.
6-Sonalika International.
7-HMT Limited.
8- BalwanTractors.
9- Standard Tractor
10- preet Tractor
 Prominent makes of Indian tractors
ACE Tractors 13Mahindra Gujarat Tractor Limited (MGTL)
2Agri-King Tractors and Equipments 14Mahindra Tractors
Pvt. Ltd. 15Mars Group
3Angad Tractors 16New Holland Agriculture
4Balwan Tractors, Force Motors Ltd 17Preet Tractors
5Captain Tractors Pvt. Ltd 18SAME Deutz-Fahr (India) Private Ltd.
6Crossword Agro Industries 19Sonalika
7Eicher 20Standard
8Escorts 21Swaraj Tractors
9Farmer Tractor 22TAFE
10HMT Tractors 23VST Tillers
11Indo Farm
12John Deere
The End