GK bR‡i evwi

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU

Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi 1701
 GK bR‡i evwi

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU

Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi 1701
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†m‡Þ¤^i 2015, fv`ª 1422
1000 Kwc

cÖKvkbvq
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi 1701

¯^Z¡ msiw¶Z
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU

gy`ª‡Y
ixZv AvU© †cÖm
13/K/1/1, †K Gg `vm †jb, XvKv-1203
†dvb : 9564540
 GK bR‡i evwi
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU (evwi)
evwi †`‡ki me©e„nr eûwea dmj M‡elYv cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki mvwe©K K…wl
Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g Lv`¨ I cywó wbivcËv AR©b, K…l‡Ki Avq e„w× I
Kg©ms¯’vb m„wói j‡¶¨ AÎ cÖwZôvb wewfbœ cÖKvi `vbv RvZxq km¨, K›`vj
dmj, Wvj, †Zj dmj, mewR, dj, dzjmn cÖvq 206wU dm‡ji Ici
M‡elYv I Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| GB cªwZôvb Gme
dm‡ji D”P djbkxj DbœZ RvZ Ges DbœZ Pvlvev` c×wZ D™¢veb, dmj
e¨e¯’vcbv, †cvKvgvKo I †ivMevjvB `gb e¨e¯’vmn K…wl hš¿cvwZ, dmj
msMÖ‡nvËi cÖhyw³ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Ici jvMmB cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡b M‡elYv K‡i
_v‡K| D™¢vweZ DbœZ RvZ I Drcv`b cÖhyw³mg~n m¤úªmviY Kgx©, K…wli m‡½
mswkøó GbwRI Kgx© I K…l‡Ki wbKU n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ weGAviAvB KZ©„cÿ bvbv
ai‡bi Kg©m~wP MÖnY I Zv ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K| G cªwZôv‡bi K…wl cwi‡ek
AÂjwfwËK 7wU AvÂwjK I 30wU Dc‡K›`ª i‡q‡Q| G Qvov evwii M‡elYv
Kvh©µg 7wU we‡klvwqZ dmjwfwËK M‡elYv †K›`ª †hgb, Mg M‡elYv †K›`ª
(bwkcyi, w`bvRcyi), D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv †K›`ª (Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi), ˆZj
exR M‡elYv †K›`ª (Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi), K›`vj dmj M‡elYv †K›`ª
(Rq‡`ecyi, MvRxcyi), Dw™¢` †KŠwjm¤ú` †K›`ª (wcwRAviwm) (Rq‡`ecyi,
MvRxcyi), Wvj M‡elYv †K›`ª (Ck¦i`x, cvebv), I gmjv M‡elYv †K›`ª
(wkeMÄ, e¸ov) Ges 16wU wewfbœ wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| D™¢vweZ
cÖhyw³mg~n K…l‡Ki gvV ch©v‡q mivmwi g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ m‡iRwgb M‡elYv
wefv‡Mi AvIZvq 9 (bq) wU Lvgvi M‡elYv c×wZ I Dbœqb GjvKv (FSRD)
mvBU I 72 (evnvËi) wU eû¯’vwbK M‡elYv GjvKv (MLT) †`ke¨vcx Qwo‡q
i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui BwZnvm kZvwaK eQ‡ii| 1880 mv‡ji
`ywf©¶ Kwgkb (Famine Commission) wi‡cv‡U©i wfwˇZ GKwU †QvÆ kvLv
wn‡m‡e Ô†e½j j¨vÛ †iKW©m wWcvU©‡g›UÕ Gi Aax‡b Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq|
e¯ÍyZc‡¶ Dcgnv‡`‡ki GB A‡j (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k) miKvwi ch©v‡q K…wl
Kg©Kv‡Êi m~ÎcvZ GLvb †_‡KB| Gfv‡e K…wl wefv‡Mi m~Pbv n‡jI G‡Z
M‡elYvi my‡hvM †Zgb wQj bv ejv hvq| M‡elYvi my‡hvM m„wói j‡¶¨ fvi‡Zi
ZrKvwjb m`vkq fvBmiq jW© KvR©b K…wl wefvM‡K j¨vÛ †iKW©m
wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui AvIZvgy³ K‡i G‡K Avjv`v gh©v`vq Awfwl³ K‡ib Ges
M‡elYvi my‡hvM m„wói Rb¨ ÔwbDwK¬qvi GwMªKvjPvivj wimvP© j¨ve‡iUwiÕ bv‡g
XvKvi †ZRMuvI‡q GKwU M‡elYvMvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| GLvb †_‡KB cÖK…Z c‡¶

03
GK bR‡i evwi
ZrKvjxb evsjvq K…wl‡Z M‡elYv Kvh©µ‡gi m~Pbv| Gici 1908 mv‡j
161.20 †n±i Rwgi Dci XvKv dvg© cÖwZwôZ nq| XvKv dv‡g©i cÖwZôv wQj
K…wl †ÿ‡Î GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ D‡ËviY| wKš‘ 1962 mv‡j ZrKvjxb miKvi
KZ…©K 2nd Capital cÖwZôvi Rb¨ XvKv dv‡g©i (eZ©gvb †k‡i evsjv bMi) Rwg
AwaMªnY Kiv n‡j K…wl M‡elYvi fwel¨r AwbwðZ n‡q c‡o | hv ‡nvK 1966
mv‡j XvKv †_‡K 35 wK‡jvwgUvi Dˇi Rq‡`icy‡i 260 †n±i Rwg‡Z XvKv
dvg© ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| Gici K…wl wefv‡Mi bvbv cwieZ©b cwiea©b mvwaZ n‡jI
Zv †`‡ki gvby‡li Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z I AvkvAvKv•Lv c~i‡Y e¨_© nq| e¨_©Zvi
Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wQj `¶ Rbkw³ I cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’vcbvi Afve Ges
M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq ch©vß my‡hvM myweavi Afve| 1971 mv‡j †`k
m¦vaxb n‡j Ab¨vb¨ †m±‡ii b¨vq K…wl †m±‡iI DbœwZi AwgZ m¤¢vebv †`Lv
†`q| ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1973 mv‡j RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
†`‡ki K…wl e¨e¯’v‡K AvaywbKvqb I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi j‡¶¨ 1973 mv‡j †ek
wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ MªnY K‡iwQ‡jb| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1976 mv‡j
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk
K‡i| Gi ci †`k‡K Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Kivi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejvq GB
cªwZôvbwU m‡e©vZfv‡e wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q|

g¨v‡ÛU
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ms‡kvabx AvBb-14, 1996 Abyhvqx
weGAviAvB Gi g¨v‡ÛU wbgœiƒc :
1. we¯Í…Z Avw½‡K M‡elYv Kvh©µg Aby‡gv`b Kiv
2. gvwU I cvwbi weÁvb wfwËK e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ dm‡ji wewfbœ
Rv‡Zi g~j¨vqb| wewfbœ ai‡bi jvMmB cÖhyw³ D™¢veb, †ivMevjvB I
†cvKvgvKo e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g †UKmB I Drcv`bkxj K…wl e¨e¯’v
wbwðZKi‡Y M‡elYv Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv
3. `¶Zvi mv‡_ K„wl Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ K…lK‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨
mieivn Kiv
4. K…wl‡¶‡Î D™¢~Z mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ A‡j M‡elYv †K›`ª, Dc‡K›`ª,
cÖKí GjvKv Ges Lvgvi cÖwZôv Kiv
5. bZyb Rv‡Zi dmj Ges Zv‡`i e¨e¯’vcbvi Ici cÖ`k©Yx Lvgvi ¯’vcb
Kiv I cix¶vwbix¶v Pvjv‡bv

04
 GK bR‡i evwi
6. dmj M‡elYv Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vejxi Ici evwl©K cÖwZ‡e`b,
g¨vby‡qj, g‡bvMªvd, ey‡jwUb I cy¯ÍKcyw¯ÍKv cÖKvk Kiv
7. D™¢vweZ DbœZ cÖhyw³i Ici M‡elK Ges m¤cÖmviYwe`‡`i cÖwk¶Y
cÖ`vb Kiv
8. mœvZ‡KvËi ch©v‡qi wk¶v_x©‡`i Rb¨ M‡elYv my‡hvM m„wó Kiv
9. wbe©vwPZ mgm¨vejxi Ici †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg Ges Kg©kvjvi
Av‡qvRb Kiv hv‡Z wewfbœ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb I †K‡›`ªi we‡klÁM‡Yi
AskMªnY wbwðZ nq Ges Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ Áv‡bi Av`vbcÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
nq Ges K…wl‡¶‡Î NUgvb mv¤cÖwZK Kg©KvÊ I AMªMwZi m¤ú‡K© Zuviv
ÁvZ I mshy³ n‡Z cv‡ib
10. GB AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mva‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq n‡Z cv‡i G RvZxq Ab¨vb¨
Kvh©vejx m¤úv`b Kiv|

†h mKj AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ weGAviAvB Gi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q

M‡elYv I Dbœq‡bi m¦v‡_© weGAviAvB wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½
ms‡hvM i¶v K‡i| †hme cÖwZôv‡bi m‡½ weGAviAvB Gi m¤úK© we`¨gvb
i‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv : wmwgU (CIMMYT), †gw·‡Kv; AvBAvBwUG (IITA)
bvB‡Rwiqv; BKvW©v (ICARDA), wmwiqv; BKwim¨vU (ICRISAT), fviZ;
wmAvBwc (CIP), †ciæ; AvBwmGAvi (ICAR), fviZ; wKgv (CLIMA),
A‡÷ªwjqv Ab¨Zg|

A‡_©i †hvMvb`vbKvix ms¯’vmg~n

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui wmsnfvM e¨qfvi enb K‡i _v‡K
MYcÖRvZš¿¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi| GQvov, cÖKí mvnvh¨/Aby`vb wn‡m‡e wewfbœ
`vZv ms¯’v †_‡K cÖvß A‡_©i gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq Bbw÷wUD‡Ui hveZxq
Kg©KvÊ| mvnvh¨Kvix `vZv ms¯’v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: (K) hy³iv‡óªi
AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb ms¯’v (USAID), (L) wek¦e¨vsK (WB), (M) Rvcvb
miKvi, (N) Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK (ADB), (O) †dvW© dvD‡Ûkb, (P)
AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb M‡elYv †K›`ª (IDRC), (Q) K¨vbvWxq AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb
ms¯’v (CIDA) (R) wek¦ Lv`¨ K…wl ms¯’v (FAO) Ges (S)
IPM-CRSP-ABSP-ii (hy³ivóª)|

05
GK bR‡i evwi
K…wli Dci cÖvß c`Kmg~‡ni bvg I eQi
µwgK cÖvwßi
cyi¯‹vi/m¤§vbbv/c`‡Ki bvg gšÍe¨
b¤^i ermi
1. e½eÜz †Mvì ‡g‡Wj 1964
2. †cÖwm‡W›U ‡g‡Wj 1979
3. †eMg †Reyb‡bmv Ges KvRx gvnveyeyjøvn Kj¨vY 1982
Uªv÷ †Mvì ‡g‡Wj
4. I‡gÝ mvBbwU÷ G‡mvwm‡qkb †Mvì †g‡Wj 1990
(AvšÍRv©wZK cyi¯‹vi)
5. †¯úkvj cÖvBR 1990
6. †eMg †Reyb‡bmv Ges KvRx gvnveyeyjøvn Kj¨vY 1995
Uªv÷ †Mvì ‡g‡Wj
7. `¨v ‡ivUv‡iv nvwkg‡Zv Gwkqv c¨vwmwdK 2008
†dvivg di Gbfvqib‡g›U GÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U
(GwcGdBwW) A¨vIqvW© di ¸W cÖvKwUm
(AvšÍRv©wZK cyi¯‹vi)
8. e½eÜz RvZxq K…wl cyi¯‹vi (1417 e½vã) 2012
9. `¨v wi‡d¬KUi A¨vIqvW© 2013
10. ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi 2014
11. ÷¨vÛvW© PvU©vW© e¨vsK K…wl c`K 2014

W. †gv. iwdKzj Bmjvg gÛj, gnvcwiPvjK, evwi, D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv †K‡›`ªi c‡ÿ
gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Gi wbKU †_‡K e½eÜz RvZxq K…wl cyi¯‹vi-1417
MÖnY Ki‡Qb|

06
 GK bR‡i evwi

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Gi nvZ †_‡K

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui c‡ÿ ¯^vaxbZv cyi¯‹vi MÖnY Ki‡Qb
Bbw÷wUD‡Ui gnvcwiPvjK W. †gv. iwdKzj Bmjvg gÛj|

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq K…wl gš¿x gwZqv †PŠayix Ggwci nvZ
†_‡K evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui c‡ÿ ÷¨vÛvW© PvU©vW© e¨vsK cÖ`Ë K…wl
c`K MÖnY Ki‡Qb Bbw÷wUD‡Ui gnvcwiPvjK W. †gv. iwdKzj Bmjvg gÛj|

07
 GK bR‡i evwi
1 gvP© 2012 gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU cwi`k©‡b
Av‡mb| gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿xi AvMgb Dcj‡ÿ¨ ÔcÖhyw³ cÖ`k©bx 2012Õ Ges K…wl
cÖhyw³ nvZeB (5g ms¯‹iY) Gi †gvoK D‡b¥vP‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nq|

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv Gi nv‡Z

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui c‡ÿ †µ÷ Zz‡j w`‡”Qb Bbw÷wUD‡Ui
gnvcwiPvjK W. †gv. iwdKzj Bmjvg gÛj|
q cÖavbgš¿x|

K…wl cÖhyw³ nvZeB-Gi †gvoK D‡b¥vP‡bi ci eBwU cÖ`k©b Ki‡Qb

gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x I gvbbxq K…wl gš¿x|

08
 GK bR‡i evwi

evwi ÷‡j cÖ`wk©Z dm‡ji RvZ Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Qb

gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|

evwi PZ¡‡i Av‡gi MvQ †ivcY †k‡l †gvbvRvZ Ki‡Qb

gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x †kL nvwmbv|

09
GK bR‡i evwi

Bangladesh Map

10
 GK bR‡i evwi
ORGANOGRAM:

11
 GK bR‡i evwi
Mg
mËi `k‡Ki w`‡K evsjv‡`‡k wKQy Kg Drcv`bkxj M‡gi RvZ †Lix,AvB
wc.52, AvB wc-125 BZ¨vw`i Lye mxwgZ AvKv‡i Avev` n‡Zv| 1971-72
mv‡j 1.26 jÿ ‡n±i Rwg‡Z M‡gi Avev` nq Ges Drcv`b nq gvÎ 1.13
jÿ Ub Mg| ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q ZrKvjxb miKvi M‡gi Avev` e„w×i
cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i Ges D”Pdjbkxj RvZ Kj¨vb‡mvbv I †mvbvwjKvi exR
Avg`vbxi gva¨‡g ‡`‡k M‡gi Avev` m¤cÖmvi‡Yi KvR ïiy nq| gvÎ GK
`kK mg‡qi g‡a¨ †`‡k M‡gi Avev` 5 ¸b Ges Drcv`b 10 ¸b e„w× cvq|
D”Pdjbkxj M‡gi RvZ cÖeZ©b Ges gvby‡li Lv`¨vfvm cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
ax‡i ax‡i Mg Lv`¨k‡m¨i g‡a¨ wØZxq cÖavb dmj wn‡m‡e ¯’vb jvf K‡i|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K Mg M‡elYv †K›`ª ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g
Mg M‡elYv Kvh©µg A‡bK mymsnZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j weGAviAvB KZ©„K G ch©šÍ
30wU DbœZ M‡gi RvZ Ges 2wU wUªwU‡Kjx RvZ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D”P
djbkxj bZzb M‡gi RvZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b cÖhyw³mg~n D™¢veb I K…lK
ch©v‡q m¤cÖmvi‡Yi gva¨‡g †`‡k Mg Drcv`b I djb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv‡i e„w×
cv‡”Q| MZ 2013-14 †gŠmy‡g 4.30 jÿ †n±i Rwg †_‡K Drcvw`Z n‡q‡Q
cÖvq 13 jÿ Ub Mg Ges †n±icÖwZ M‡o djb n‡q‡Q †iKW© 3.03 Ub| MZ
1972 mvj †_‡K 2014 mv‡ji g‡a¨ M‡gi †n±icÖwZ Mo djb cÖvq 238%
e„w× †c‡q‡Q hv GKwU gvBjdjK| G AR©‡bi g~j KviY n‡jv M‡gi
D”Pdjbkxj †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax I cÖwZK~jZv mwnòz RvZ D™¢veb I K…lK ch©v‡q
m¤cÖmviY| eZ©gv‡b †`‡k †h Mg Avev` nq Zvi cÖvq 100% weGAviAvB
KZ…©K D™¢vweZ RvZ| bZzb D™¢vweZ RvZ¸wji g‡a¨ evwi Mg 24(cÖ`xc) Ges
evwi Mg 21(kZvãx) cÖvq 64%, evwi Mg 23 (weRq) 10% Ges
mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j D™¢vweZ bZzb RvZ¸wj 23% Avev` n‡”Q| cÖavb RvZ¸wji
g‡a¨ cÖ`xc RvZwU cvZvi Sjmv‡bv I cvZvi gwiPv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvq
djb K‡g †M‡Q Ges RvZwU Avev‡` K…lK‡`i wbiærmvwnZ Kiv n‡”Q|
Ab¨w`‡K kZvãx RvZwU GKUz †`wi‡Z cv‡K Ges mn‡RB †n‡j c‡o| ZvB
bZzb RvZ¸wj K…lK ch©v‡q m¤cÖmvi‡Yi e¨vcK D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mv¤úªwZKKv‡j D™¢vweZ RvZ¸wji g‡a¨ 2000 mv‡j evwi Mg 25 I evwi Mg
26, 2012 mv‡j evwi Mg 27 I evwi Mg 28 Ges 2014 mv‡j evwi Mg 29
I evwi Mg 30 RvZxq exR †e©vW KZ©„K Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
evwi Mg 25 RvZwU Zvcmwnòz Ges jeYv³Zv mwnòz| Pviv Ae¯’vq RvZwU
8-10 wWGm gvÎvi jeYv³Zv mnbkxj| RvZwU Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †n±icÖwZ

13
GK bR‡i evwi
5.0 Ub ev Zvi †ewk djb
w`‡Z mÿg| RvZwU cvZvi
`vM †ivM mnbkxj Ges cvZvi
gwiPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax| RvZwU
kZvãx Rv‡Zi †P‡q 7-10w`b
Av‡M cv‡K ZvB †`wi‡Z
ec‡bi Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx|
evwi Mg 26 RvZwUI ¯^í evwi Mg 27
†gqv`x Ges Zvc mwnòz|
RvZwU Dchy³ bvex‡Z ec‡bI
Ab¨vb¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq fvj
djb †`q| RvZwU cvZvi `vM
†ivM mnbkxj Ges cvZvi
gwiPv †ivM I Kv‡Êi gwiPv
†ivM (BDwR 99 †im)
cÖwZ‡ivax| RvZwU Dchy³
e¨e¯’vcbvq †n±icÖwZ 5.0 Ub evwi Mg 28
ev Zvi †ewk djb w`‡Z
cv‡i| evwi Mg 27 GKwU D”P
djbkxj M‡gi RvZ hv
kZvãxi †P‡q 3-4 w`b Av‡M
cv‡K| RvZwU cvZvi `vM
†ivM mnbkxj Ges cvZvi
gwiPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax| RvZwU
Kv‡Êi gwiPv †ivM (BDwR 99 evwi Mg 29
†im) cÖwZ‡ivax nIqvq
fwel¨‡Z G †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve
n‡j Zv †gvKv‡ejvq we‡kl
f~wgKv ivL‡e| evwi Mg 28
RvZwU ¯^í‡gqv`x Ges
Zvcmwnòz| †evbv †_‡K cvKv
ch©šÍ 102-108 w`b mgq
jv‡M| kxl j¤^v Ges cÖwZ
kx‡l `vbvi msL¨v 45-50wU| evwi Mg 30

14
 GK bR‡i evwi
`vbvi iO mv`v, PKP‡K I AvKv†i gvSvix| RvZwU cvZvi `vM †ivM mnbkxj
Ges gwiPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax| Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †n±icÖwZ djb 4.0-5.5 Ub|
RvZwU kZvãx Rv‡Zi †P‡q cÖvq 10 w`b Av‡M Ges †`ix‡Z ec‡b kZvãxi
†P‡q 15-20% djb †ewk †`q| ¯^í‡gqv`x nIqvq avb-Mg km¨ ch©v‡q
ec‡bi Rb¨ LyeB Dc‡hvMx| evwi Mg 29 RvZwU AvKv‡i LvU Ges Gi KvÊ
k³ nIqvq mn‡R †n‡j c‡o bv| RvZwU Zvc mnbkxj, `vbv mv`v I AvKv‡i
gvSvix, cvZvi `vM †ivM mnbkxj Ges cvZvi gwiPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax| RvZwU
Kv‡Êi gwiPv †ivM (BDwR 99 †im) cÖwZ‡ivax nIqvq fwel¨‡Z G †iv‡Mi
cÖv`yf©ve n‡j Zv †gvKv‡ejvq we‡kl f~wgKv ivL‡e| RvZwU kZvãxi †P‡q M‡o
cÖvq 10-15 fvM djb ‡ewk †`q| Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †n±icÖwZ djb 4.0-5.0
Ub| evwi Mg 30 RvZwU ¯^í †gqv`x Ges Zvc mwnòz| `vbv mv`v I AvKv‡i
gvSvix| Avgb avb KvUvi ci †`wi‡Z ec‡bi Rb¨ G RvZwU LyeB Dc‡hvMx|
RvZwU cvZvi `vM †ivM mnbkxj Ges gwiPv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax Ges Zvc mwnòz|
Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k †n±icÖwZ djb 4.5-5.5 Ub Ges RvZwU kZvãxi †P‡q M‡o
cÖvq 15-20 fvM djb ‡ewk †`q|
evwi KZ©K 2009 mv‡j ˆØZ (Nvm I `vbv) e¨envi Dc‡hvMx wUªwU‡Kjxi `yÕwU
RvZ evwi wUªwU‡Kjx-1 Ges evwi wUªwU‡Kjx-2 D™¢veb Kiv nq| RvZ `ywU Nvm
I `vbv Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †ek Dc‡hvMx| D”PZv 100-110 †mw›UwgUvi Ges
RxebKvj 106-116 w`b| ec‡bi 35-40 w`b ci GKevi Nvm †K‡U wb‡j
†n±icÖwZ 10-12 Ub KuvPv Nvm Ges 4.0-4.6 Ub `vbv cvIqv hvq| RvZ `ywU
jeYv³Zv I Liv mwnòz| ‡`‡ki `wÿYvÂj I ivRkvnxi LivcÖeY GjvKvi
Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| iwe †gŠmy‡g †Mv-Lv‡`¨i Afve `~i Ki‡Z RvZ `yÕwUi gvV
ch©v‡q m¤úªmviY cÖ‡qvRb|

15
GK bR‡i evwi
Dw™¢` cÖRbb
Dw™¢` cÖRbb wefvM evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
wefvM| fzÆv, evwj©, wg‡jUm& I miMg Gi D”P djbkxjRvZ D™¢veb I DbœqbB
n‡”Q GB wefv‡Mi cÖavb KvR| GB wefvM n‡Z G ch©šÍ 11wU nvBweªW fzÆv Ges
9wU gy³ civMvwqZ fzÆvi RvZ Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ GKwU ˆL fzÆv,
GKwU wgwófzÆv I GKwU †eex fzÆvi RvZI i‡q‡Q| G QvovI evwj©i 7wU
KvD‡bi 3wU I wPbvi 1wU RvZ Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
K…lK ch©v‡q RvZ¸‡jvi h‡_vchy³ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ GB wefvM K…wlZË¡,
KxUZË¡, g„wËKv weÁvb, exR cÖhyw³, Lvgvi hš¿cvwZ km¨ ms‡MÖvnËi I
m‡iRwgb M‡elYv wefv‡Mi mv‡_ G‡hv‡M KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| GQvovI GmKj
dm‡ji exR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ weGwWwm Ges Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb exR
†Kv¤úvwb‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q| Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki
†gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ AvšÍ©RvwZK Mg I fzÆv Dbœqb †K›`ª (CIMMYT)Gi
mn‡hvwMZvq AwaK Zvc mwnòz I Rje×Zv mwnòz fzÆviRvZ D™¢ve‡bi j‡ÿ¨
KvR Pj‡Q| GQvovI Kg cvwb MÖnYKvix Liv mwnòz DrK…ó †cÖvwUb mg„× mv`v
`vbvwewkó nvBweªW fzÆv Aegyw³i Øvi cÖv‡šÍ| AwaKš‘ D”P ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ
AwaK djbkxj †ek wKQz ˆL fzÆv I †ewe K‡Y©i nvBweªW RvZ wn‡m‡e Aegyw³i
A‡cÿvq Av‡Q| Dw™¢` cÖRbb wefv‡M fzÆv M‡elYvi GKwU Ab¨Zg cÖavb
D‡Ï‡k¨ n‡”Q D”P djbkxj X‡jcov cÖwZ‡iva (lodging resistant)
ÿgZvm¤úbœ LvU RvZ D™¢veb Kiv| G j‡ÿ¨ AÎ wefv‡Mi M‡elYv AR©b
Cl©Yxq| fzÆvi †ek wKQz D”P djbkxj Lv‡Uv AvKv‡ii lodging resistant
hybrid cvIqv wM‡q‡Q hv AwP‡iB nvBweªW RvZ wn‡m‡e Aegy³ Kiv n‡e| ïay
mvaviY fzÆv bq cywógvb mg„× fzÆvi bZzb RvZ D™¢ve‡bI M‡elYv KvR A‡bK
AMÖMvgx| `wÿYv‡ji we¯ÍxY© jeYv³ GjvKv Pv‡li AvIZvq Avbvi K_v
mvg‡b †i‡L Dw™¢` cÖRbb wefvM jeYv³Zv mnbkxj †ek K‡qKwU nvBweªW
fzÆv I BbweªW jvBb BwZg‡a¨ mbv³ K‡i‡Q hv †_‡K Lye `ªæZB AvMvgx‡Z
jeYv³ mnbkxj nvBweªW fzÆvi RvZ Aegy³ Kiv n‡e| Rvg©cøvR‡gi Rb¨
ïay AvšÍ©RvwZK cÖwZôv‡bi Dci wbf©iZv bv evwo‡q Dw™¢` cÖRbb wefvM
wbR¯^ Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvq eZ©gv‡b DbœZ inbred line ˆZwii j‡ÿ¨
Superior source population develop Ki‡Q hv †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi
DbœZ (Elite) inbred line ˆZwi Kiv n‡”Q hv wewfbœ ai‡bi DbœZ nvBweªW
ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Gi mn‡hvwMZvq AwaK Zvc mwnòz I Rjve×Zv
mwnòz fzÆvi RvZ D™¢ve‡bi j‡ÿ¨ KvR Pj‡Q|

16
 GK bR‡i evwi
fzÆv QvovI AÎ wefvM evwj©, miMvg I cvj© wg‡jU Gi Dci M‡elYv Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q|
GB wefv‡M i‡q‡Q AZ¨vaywbK gwjKzjvi j¨ve Ges †óªm weªwWs j¨ve| GLv‡b
weÁvbxe„›` jeYv³Zv I ÿiv mwnòz fzÆvi RvZ Ges Kg dmdiv‡mi Pvwn`v
hy³ fzÆvi RvZ D™¢ve‡bi j‡ÿ¨ gwjKzjvi †j‡f‡j KvR Ki‡Q|
RvZ D™¢veb I Dbœqb QvovI GB wefvM BADC, NGO wewfbœ exR †Kv¤úvbx
I K…lK‡`i‡K nvBweªW fzÆv I nvBweªW fzÆvi exR Drcv`‡bi Dci `xN© w`b
hver cÖwkÿY w`‡q Avm‡Q|
RbwcÖq RvZmg~n
Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi nvBweªW fyÆv 7
Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ iwe †gŠmy‡g 75-80 w`‡b
†gvPvq wmé Av‡m|
❀ RxebKvj iwe †gŠmy‡g
135-141 w`b Ges Lwid
105-112 w`b|
❀ Mv‡Qi D”PZv 200-210 †mwg
❀ †gvPvi D”PZv 100-105 †mwg
❀ `vbv AvKl©Yxq nvjKv njy` evwi nvBweªW fzÆv 7
i‡Oi, wd¬›U AvK…wZi
❀ nvRvi `vbvi IRb 350 -370 MÖvg|
❀ RvZwUi djb iwe †gŠmy‡g †n±‡i 10.5-11.2 Ub Ges Lwi‡d 6.5-8.5
Ub/†n±i|

Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi nvBweªW fyÆv 9

Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ iwe †gŠmy‡g 94 - 107 w`‡b †gvPvq wmé Av‡m|
❀ RxebKvj iwe †gŠmy‡g 145-150 w`b Lwi‡d 107-115 w`b|

17
GK bR‡i evwi
❀ Mv‡Qi D”PZv 205-231 †mwg|
❀ †gvPvi D”PZv 100-115 †mwg|
❀ RvZwUi `vbv eo njy` i‡Oi †W›U
AvK…wZi|
❀ nvRvi `vbvi IRb 360 -375 MÖvg|
❀ RvZwUi djb iwe †gŠmy‡g †n±‡i
10.0-13.8 Ub Ges Lwid †gŠmy‡g
7-8 Ub/‡n±i | evwi nvBweªW fzÆv 9

Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi wgwó fzÆv 1

Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ LvIqvi Dc‡hvMx Acwic° †gvPvq wPwbi
fvM M‡o 18% |
❀ KuvPv wgwó fzÆv gvÎ 113-120 w`‡b
msMÖn Kiv hvq Ges exR cvK‡Z 140
w`b jv‡M|
❀ Lvevi Dc‡hvMx `vbv AvKv‡i †ek eo
Ges nj‡` i‡Oi wd¬›U AvK…wZi wKš‘
cwic° Ae¯’vq exR †KvPKv‡bv Ges
†QvU n‡q hvq|
❀ †Lvmvmn wgwó fzÆvi (KuvPv) djb M‡o
14.4 Ub/†n±i Ges †Lvmv Qvov djb evwi wgwó fzÆv 1
10.3 Ub/†n±i Ges meyR ev‡iv gvm 24 Ub/†n±i cvIqv hvq, hv DrK…ó
†Mv-Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq|
❀ Mv‡Qi DPPZv gvSvwi 150-155 †mwg|
❀ cwic° GK nvRvi ex‡Ri IRb gvÎ 125-130 MÖvg|

18
 GK bR‡i evwi
Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi evwj© 6
Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ Mv‡Qi DPPZv 85-90 †mwg|
❀ kxl 10-12 †mwg ch©šÍ j¤^v nq|
❀ exR 6 mvwi wewkó Ges †Lvmvgy³|
cÖwZwU kx‡l 48-65 wU exR _v‡K|
❀ RxebKvj 98-102 w`b|
❀ GK nvRvi `vbvi IRb 35-38 MÖvg|
❀ Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k Mo djb evwi evwj© 6
2.50-2.75 Ub/‡n±i|

m¤¢vebvgq RvZmg~n
Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi †ewe KY© 1

msMÖ‡nvc‡hvMx †eexeY© †LvmvQvov‡bv †eex KY©

Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ Mv‡Qi Mo D”PZv 142 †mwg|
❀ iwe †gŠmy‡g dzj †ei n‡Z 86 w`b Ges 72 - 75 w`‡b †eex KY© MvQ
†_‡K msMÖn Kiv hvq|

19
GK bR‡i evwi
❀ cÖwZwU Mv‡Q 2wU K‡i †gvPv Drcbœ nq| RvZwU UviwmKvg wjdeøvBU
(TLB) ‡ivM cÖwZ‡ivax|
❀ †n±icÖwZ 15-20 Ub (meyR) cïLv`¨ cvIqv hvq|
❀ iwe †gŠmy‡g Mo djb 1.27 -1.30 Ub/†n±i|

Rv‡Zi bvg: evwi evwj© 7

Rv‡Zi ˆewkó¨
❀ RvZwU‡Z Qq mvwi wewkó
†Lvmvgy³ `vbv (hull-less)|
❀ Mv‡Qi D”PZv 50-65 †mwg|
❀ RxebKvj 90-105 w`b|
❀ djb 2.20-2.50 Ub/†n±i|
❀ RvZwU jeYv³Zv mnbkxj evwi evwj© 7
nIqvq `wÿYv‡ji jeYv³ GjvKvq Pvl Dc‡hvMx (08 wWGm/wg
jeYv³Zv mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i)|

K›`vj dmj
weGAviAvB KZ©„K D™¢vweZ D”P djbkxj Avjyi RvZ K…lK ch©v‡q Pvlvev‡`i
Rb¨ MZ K‡qK eQ‡i evsjv‡`k Avjy Pv‡l ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b †`‡ki Pvwn`v c~iY K‡iI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Avjy we‡`‡k ißvwb n‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 4.50 jÿ †n±i Rwg‡Z 90 jÿ †gwUªK Ub Avjy
Drcvw`Z nq| Pvlvev‡`i w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k avb I M‡gi c‡iB Avjyi
Ae¯’vb| RvZxq exR †evW© KZ©„K Rv‡Zi bvgKi‡Yi mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv
cÖYq‡bi c~‡e©B Avjyi 10wU we‡`wk RvZ Pv‡li Rb¨ Aby‡gv`b †`qv n‡qwQj|
cieZx©‡Z wbR¯^ msKivq‡Yi gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ 11wU RvZ, wmAvBwc Rvg©cøvRg
†_‡K 6wU RvZ, we‡`wk RvZ g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g 44wU RvZ Ges 2wU wUwcGm
RvZmn †gvU 73wU Avjyi RvZ K›`vj dmj M‡elYv †K›`ª KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z
n‡q G ch©šÍ weGAviAvB n‡Z Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AvMvg Lvevi Avjyi RvZ wn‡m‡e mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k iwe †gŠmy‡g Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx
Avjyi RvZ nj evwi Avjy-5 (c¨v‡Uªvwbm), evwi Avjy-6 (gyëv), evwi Avjy 7
(Wvqvg›U), evwi Avjy 8 (KvwW©bvj), Ges evwi Avjy-13 (MÖv‡bvjv)| Gi g‡a¨

20
 GK bR‡i evwi
evwi Avjy-13 (MÖv‡bvjv) Rv‡Zi Avjy
wW¤^vKvi, gvSvwi AvK…wZi, Z¡K
Agm„Y, kuvm d¨vKv‡m njy`, †PvL
AMfxi| RxebKvj 80-85 w`b Z‡e
65-70 w`‡b Avjy msMÖn Kiv hvq|
†n±icÖwZ djb 20-30 Ub|
Avevi cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx
Avjyi Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj- evwi
Avjy-20 (Rvijv), evwi Avjy-24 evwi Avjy-13 (MÖv‡bvjv)
(Wziv), evwi Avjy-25 (G‡÷wi·),
evwi Avjy-27 (w¯úwiU), evwi
Avjy-28 (‡jwW †iv‡mUv), evwi
Avjy-29 (Kv‡iR), evwi Avjy-30
(†gwiwWqvb), evwi Avjy-33
(Avjwgiv) Ges evwi Avjy-34
(jiv)| Gi g‡a¨ ‡jwW †iv‡mUv
Rv‡Zi Avjy ‡MvjvKvi, iO jvj, Z¡K
gm„Y| Avjyi kvu‡mi iO njy`vf
mv`v| †PvL nvjKv Mfxi| ﮋ evwi Avjy-28 (‡jwW †iv‡mUv)
c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv 21.80 + 1
fvM| RxebKvj 85-90 w`b Ges djb †n±icÖwZ 25-30 Ub| †jwW †iv‡mUv
Rv‡Zi Avjy ‡`wk Avjyi weKí wn‡m‡e evRv‡i e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcÖq|
Kv‡iR Rv‡Zi Avjy ‡Mvj †_‡K
wW¤^vK…wZi jvj i‡Oi, Z¡K gm„Y,
kvu‡mi iO njy`vf mv`v I †PvL nvjKv
Mfxi| ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv
20.20 + 1 fvM| RxebKvj 85-90
w`b| djb †n±icÖwZ 20-26 Ub|
GQvovI Lvevi Dc‡hvMx D”P
djbkxj Avjyi Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ evwi evwi Avjy-29 (Kv‡iR)
Avjy-35, evwi Avjy-36, evwi
Avjy-37, evwi Avjy-40, evwi Avjy-41, evwi Avjy-47, evwi Avjy-49, evwi
Avjy-50, evwi Avjy-51, evwi Avjy-52 Ab¨Zg| Gi g‡a¨ evwi Avjy-37

21
GK bR‡i evwi
Rv‡Zi Avjy j¤^v-wW¤^vK…wZ I ga¨g AvKv‡ii| Avjyi iO nvjKv ev`vgx I
njy`vf, Pvgov gm„Y| Avjyi kvu‡mi iO nvjKv njy`vf I †PvuL AMfxi| ﮋ
c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv 20.09 + 1 fvM| RxebKvj 90-95 w`b djb †n±i
cÖwZ 30-40 Ub|
evwi Avjy-41 Rv‡Zi Avjy †MvjvKvi †_‡K P¨vÞv †MvjvKvi AvKv‡ii| Avjyi
iO Mvp jvj, Pvgov gm„Y| Avjyi
kv‡mi iO nvjKv njy`| †PvL ga¨g
AMfxi| ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY
kZKiv 21.20 + 1 fvM| RxebKvj
85-90 w`b| Mo djb †n±icÖwZ
38-44 Ub| G RvZwU Lvevi
Dc‡hvMx I AvswkK cÖwµqvRvZKiY
wn‡m‡e RbwcÖq|
MvQ ga¨g D”PZv, 4-6wU KvÊ evwi Avjy-37
_v‡K| KvÊ jvj-ev`vgx Ges
G‡š’vmvqvwbb Gi we¯Í…wZ Lye †ewk|
cvZv ga¨g AvK…wZi, Kg ‡XD
†Ljv‡bv Ges ga¨ wkivq
G‡š’vmvqvwbb Gi we¯Í…wZ Kg| Avjy
wW¤^vK…wZ †_‡K ga¨g AvKv‡ii|
Avjyi Pvgovi iO jvj (†e¸bx),
Pvgov gm„Y, kv‡mi iO njy`| Mfxi
†PvL wewkó| ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY
kZKiv 19.15 ± 1% fvM| evwi Avjy-41
RxebKvj 90-95 w`b| Mo djb †n±icÖwZ 30-45 Ub| G RvZwU Lvevi
Avjy wn‡m‡e Dc‡hvMx|
AwaKšÍ, bvwe aŸmv †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax 2wU Avjyi RvZ evwi Avjy-46 Ges evwi
Avjy-53 weGAviAvB KZ©©„K Aegy³ Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ evwi Avjy-46 Rv‡Zi
Avjy †MvjvKvi †_‡K wW¤^vK…wZ I gvSvwi †_‡K eo AvKv‡ii nq| Avjyi iO
njy`vf, Pvgov †gvUvgywU gm„Y| Avjyi kvu‡mi iO wµg I †PvuL gvSvwi Mfxi|
ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv 21.20 + 1 fvM| RxebKvj 90-95 w`‡b Ges

22
 GK bR‡i evwi
djb †n±icÖwZ 30-40 Ub| G
RvZwU cÖwµqvRvZKiY I Lvevi
Dc‡hvMx|
Aciw`‡K evwi Avjy-53 Rv‡Zi Avjy
†MvjvKvi I gvSvwi †_‡K eo
AvKv‡ii nq| Avjyi iO jvj, Pvgov
†gvUvgywU gm„Y| Avjyi kvu‡mi iO
wµg I †PvL Mfxi| G Rv‡Zi
Avjy‡Z ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv evwi Avjy-56
20.42 + 1 fvM| 100-105 w`‡b
Avjy cwic°Zv jvf K‡i| djb
†n±icÖwZ 34-47 Ub hv cÖPwjZ
Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq 14.6% †ewk| G
RvZwU Lvevi Dc‡hvMx|
cÖK…Z Avjy exR (True Potato
Seed) w`‡qI Avjy Drcv`b Kiv
hvq| G ch©šÍ evwi wUwcGm-1 Ges
evwi Avjy-46
evwi wUwcGm-2 bv‡g `yBwU RvZ
weGAviAvB KZ…©K Aegy³ n‡q‡Q|
cÖK…Z Avjy exR w`‡q Pvl Ki‡j
exRRwbZ Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv
m¤¢e| KviY G‡Z †n±icÖwZ 1.5-2
†gwUªK U‡bi cwie‡Z© gvÎ 140-150
MÖvg cÖK…Z Avjy exR jv‡M| G exR
mn‡R enb †hvM¨, msiÿY Gi Rb¨ evwi Avjy-53
wngvM‡ii `iKvi nq bv Ges exR
†ivMevjvB gy³ _v‡K| GQvovI
cÖK…Z Avjy exR n‡Z Drcvw`Z
wmWwjs wUDevi cieZ©x ermi exR
Avjy wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq|
evwi wUwcGm-1

23
GK bR‡i evwi
wgwó Avjy
weGAviAvB G ch©šÍ 13wU wgwó
Avjyi RvZ Aegy³ K‡i‡Q, G‡`i
g‡a¨ K‡qKwU D”P K¨v‡iwUb
mg„×| GK Rb c~Y© eq¯‹ gvbyl
ˆ`wbK nj‡`/iwOb kuvmhy³ gvÎ
13 MÖvg wgwó Avjy †L‡j wfUvwgb G
Gi Pvwn`v c~iY n‡e | evwi wgwó
Avjy- 6, evwi wgwó Avjy -7, evwi
evwi wgwó Avjy-8
wgwó Avjy -9 jeYv³ mnbkxj
Aci w`‡K evwi wgwó Avjy -8 Liv mnbkxj I †L‡Z Lye ¯^y¯^v`y| weGAviAvB
KZ©„K D™¢vweZ wgwó Avjyi AviI RvZ¸wj nj- evwi wgwó Avjy-10, evwi wgwó
Avjy-11, evwi wgwó Avjy-12 Ges evwi wgwó Avjy-13| G RvZ¸wj †n±icÖwZ
40-50 Ub ch©šÍ djb w`‡Z mÿg|
evwi wgwóAvjy-8 Rv‡Zi jZvi KvÊ I cvZv meyR, K›`g~‡ji Pvgov jvj I kvum
gvSvwi njy` i‡Oi, K›`g~‡ji Mo IRb 220-250 MÖvg, ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY
kZKiv 35.3 fvM| wfUvwgb-G 650 Av.G./100 MÖvg| djb †n±icÖwZ
40-45 Ub hv ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq 3 ¸b|
evwi wgwó Avjy-12 Rv‡Zi KvÊ I cvZv meyR, K›`g~‡ji Pvgov njy` I kvum
Kgjv i‡Oi, K›`g~‡ji Mo IRb 160-180 MÖvg, ﮋ c`©v‡_i cwigvY kZKiv
29.46 fvM, wfUvwgb-G 14700 Av.G./100 MÖvg| †n±icÖwZ djb 35-40
Ub|

evwi wgwó Avjy-12

24
 GK bR‡i evwi
KPz
weGAviAvB G hver 2wU gyLx KPz I 5wU cvwb KPzi RvZ Aegy³ K‡i‡Q |
RvZ¸wj nj evwi gyLx KPz-1 (wejvmx), evwi gyLx KPz-2, evwi cvwb KPz-1
(jwZivR), evwi cvwb KPz-2, evwi cvwb KPz-3, evwi cvwb KPz-4 Ges evwi cvwb
KPz-5| evwi gyLx KPz-1 (wejvmx) Avi evwi cvwb KPz-1 (jwZivR) ‡L‡Z LyeB
my¯^v`y I we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨| mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k Lwic †gŠmy‡g Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx
evwi gyLx KPz-1 (wejvmx) Rv‡Zi MvQ meyR, Lvov, gvSvix j¤^v| gyLx Lye gm„Y,
wW¤^vK…wZi nq| wm× gyLx big I my¯^v`y| wm× Ki‡j gyLx mgvbfv‡e wm× nq I
M‡j hvq| RxebKvj 210-270 w`b| Mo djb †n±i cÖwZ 30-35 Ub| evwi
cvwb KPz-1 (jwZivR) Gi jwZ j¤^vq 90-100 ‡mwg, mvgvb¨ P¨vÞv, meyR, jwZ
wm× Ki‡j mgvbfv‡e wm× Ges Mjv PzjKvq bv| RxebKvj 250-300 w`b|
Mo djb 25-30 Ub/‡n±i jwZ, 18-22 Ub/‡n±i ivB‡Rvg|

evwi gywL KPz-1 (wejvmx) evwi cvwb KPz-1

ˆZjexR
evsjv‡`‡k ˆZjexR dmj Drcv`‡b h‡_ó NvUwZ i‡q‡Q| ˆZjexR dm‡ji
Drcv`b Pvwn`vi gvÎ GK Z…Zxqvsk | ‡fvR¨†Zj Z_v ˆZjex‡Ri Pvwn`v
c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖPzi ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv e¨q K‡i Avg`vbx Ki‡Z nq | evsjv‡`‡k
mwilv, wZj, Pxbvev`vg, mqvexb I m~h©gyLx cÖavb ˆZjexR dmj| eZ©gv‡b
7.97 jÿ †n±i Rwg‡Z 9.65 jÿ †gwUªK Ub ˆZjexR Drcvw`Z nq|

ˆZjexR dm‡ji RvZ D™¢veb

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ…©K mwilvi 17wU, Pxbvev`v‡gi 9wU,
wZ‡ji 4wU, mqvex‡bi 6wU, m~h©gyLxi 2wU, wZwm, MR©b wZj Ges Kzmyg dz‡ji
1wU K‡i me©‡gvU 41wU RvZ D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q|

25
GK bR‡i evwi
mwilvi Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ evwi mwilv-9, evwi mwilv-14, evwi mwilv-15 Ges evwi
mwilv-17 (eªvwmKv ivcv) D”P djbkxj (1.4-1.8 Ub/†n±i), ¯^í‡gqv`x
(80-85 w`b) Ges †ivcv Avgb-mwilv-†ev‡ivavb km¨ web¨v‡mi Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx| AwaKš‘ evwi mwilv-14, evwi mwilv-15 Ges evwi mwilv-17 Gi
ex‡Ri eY© njy` nIqv‡Z †Z‡ji cwigvY ev`vgx e‡Y©i mwilvi Zzjbvq 3-4%
†ewk _v‡K| evwi mwilv-7, evwi mwilv-8 Ges evwi mwilv-13 (eªvwmKv
†bcvm) D”P djbkxj (2.2-2.8 Ub/†n±i) I ga¨g †gqv`x (90-95 w`b)|
evwi mwilv-11 Ges evwi mwilv-16 (eªvwmKv Rybwmqv) D”P djbkxj
(2.0-2.5 Ub/†n±i), RxebKvj 110-115 w`b Ges †`ix‡Z ecb Dc‡hvMx|
G RvZ `yBwU ga¨g gvÎvi jeYv³Zv I Liv mwnòz| evwi mwilv-17 me©‡kl
D™¢vweZ RvZ Ges GwU 1.7 †_‡K 1.8 Ub/†n±i djb w`‡q _v‡K Ges ex‡Ri
eY© njy` weavq †Z‡ji cwigvY 3-4% †ewk| GB RvZwUi RxebKvj 80-85
w`b|

evwi mwilv-14 evwi mwilv-15 evwi mwilv-17

evwi Pxbvev`vg-5, evwi Pxbvev`vg-6, evwi Pxbvev`vg-7, evwi Pxbvev`vg-8 I

evwi Pxbvev`vg-9 D”P djbkxj (2.5-2.8 Ub/†n±i) Ges mviv‡`‡k
Pvlvev‡`i Dc‡hvMx| evwi Pxbvev`vg-8 I evwi Pxbvev`vg-9 ¯^í‡gqv`x Ges
Piv‡j Pvl Dc‡hvMx|

evwi Pxbvev`vg-8
evwi wZj-3 Ges evwi wZj-4 D”P djbkxj (1.4-1.5 Ub/†n±i)| evwi
wZj-4 RvZwU wZj Drcv`b GjvKv QvovI ga¨g gvÎvi jeYv³ GjvKvq
we‡kl K‡i `wÿYv‡j Pvlvev‡`i Dc‡hvMx|

26
 GK bR‡i evwi

evwi wZj-3 evwi wZj-4

mqvex‡bi RvZ †mvnvM, evwi mqvexb-5 Ges evwi mqvexb-6 D”Pdjbkxj
(1.8-2.2 Ub/†n±i)| PivÂj I ga¨g gvÎvi jeYv³ DcK~jxq GjvKvq G
RvZmg~n Pvlvev` Dc‡hvMx|

evwi mqvexb-6

Wvj dmj
Wvj evsjv‡`‡ki e„nËi Rb‡Mvwôi Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq AZ¨šÍ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Dw™¢`RvZ
Avwgl mg„× Lv`¨| ¯^í cwiPh©v I e„wó wbf©i dmj wn‡m‡e A‡c¶vK…Z Kg
Ee©i Rwg‡Z Wvj Pvl Kiv hvq| `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi cywó ¯^íZv `~i Ki‡Z, gvwUi
nviv‡bv Ee©iv kw³ wd‡i †c‡Z, gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY e„w× Ki‡Z,
m‡e©vcwi †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mg„w× AR©‡b Wv‡ji Avev` e„w× mg‡qi `vwe|
evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v cÖvq 16 †KvwU| †`‡k eZ©gvb Avev`‡hvM¨ Rwgi
cwigvY cÖvq 85.05 j¶ †n±i| Wvj Pv‡l e¨eüZ Rwgi cwigvY cÖvq 7.80
j¶ †n±i hv †gvU Avev`x Rwgi kZKiv gvÎ 9.17 fvM Ges Drcvw`Z Wv‡ji
cwigvY 8.24 j¶ †gwÆK Ub| Rwgi ¯^íZv, Wvj dm‡ji Kg Drcv`bkxjZv,
D”P djbkxj RvZ Ges DbœZ Drcv`b Kjv‡KŠkj e¨envi bv Kiv Wv‡ji

27
GK bR‡i evwi
Drcv`b e„w×i cÖavb AšÍivq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi wn‡me Abyhvqx mylg Lv`¨
ZvwjKvq GKRb gvby‡li Rb¨ cÖwZw`b b~¨bZg 45 MÖvg Wv‡ji cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘
‡`‡k Drcvw`Z Wvj †_‡K Rb cÖwZ cÖwZw`b gvÎ 12 MÖvg Wv‡ji ms¯’vb nq|
myZivs Wv‡ji GB NvUwZ c~i‡Y D”P djbkxj RvZ I AvaywbK Drcv`b
†KŠk‡ji e¨envi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ…©K G ch©šÍ Wv‡ji 32wU DbœZ RvZ
D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q| G mg¯Í DbœZRv‡Zi djb ¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi cÖvq wظb| AZGe
¯’vbxq Rv‡Zi cwie‡Z© DbœZRv‡Zi Pvlvev‡`i gva¨‡gB Wv‡ji Drcv`b cÖvq
wظb Kiv m¤¢e| D™¢vweZ RvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †ek K‡qKwU RvZ B‡Zvg‡a¨B
K…l‡Ki gv‡S e¨vcK mvov RvwM‡q‡Q| cÖwZwbqZ RvZ D™¢ve‡bi cvkvcvwk
Pvlvev‡`i AvaywbK Kjv‡KŠkj Ges †ivM I †cvKv`gb e¨e¯’vcbvmn
Avbylw½K welqvw` wb‡q bZzb bZzb cÖhyw³ D™¢vweZ n‡”Q|

gmyi
gmyi Wvj GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Avwgl
mg„× I mycvP¨ Lv`¨ Dcv`vb|
evsjv‡`‡k Wvj dm‡ji GjvKv I
Drcv`‡bi w`K †_‡K gmy‡ii ¯’vb wØZxq
wKš‘ G‡`‡ki †fv³v cQ‡›`i w`K n‡Z
GwUi ¯’vb cÖ_g| gmyi Wv‡ji †gvU
Avev`x GjvKv cÖvq 1.82 j¶ †n±i Ges
Drcv`b cÖvq 2.32 j¶ †gwÆK Ub|
evwi gmyi-7
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K
G ch©šÍ gmy‡ii 7wU DbœZ RvZ D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ evwi gmyi-4, evwi
gmyi-5, evwi gmyi-6 I evwi gmyi-7 D”P djbkxj Ges gwiPv I
†ógdvBwjqvg †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax nIqvq K…lK ch©v‡q e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡i‡Q| evwi gmyi-5 I evwi gmyi-6 Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q 2006 mv‡j, hv‡`i
cwic°Zvi mgq 110-115 w`b Ges ‡n±icÖwZ Mo djb 2100-2200
†KwR| evwi gmyi-7 Aegy³ Kiv nq 2011 mv‡j| RvZwUi Mv‡Qi aib
†Svcv‡jv, dz‡ji iO nvjKv †e¸bx, cwic°Zvi mgq 110-112 w`b Ges
‡n±icÖwZ Mo djb 2200-2300 †KwR| GKK dmj wn‡m‡e Pvlvev` QvovI
†ivcv Avgb av‡bi mv‡_ gmy‡ii mv_x dmj wn‡m‡e Pvl AZ¨šÍ jvfRbK
cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e K…lK ch©v‡q e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q|
avb cÖavb km¨ web¨v‡m Wvj dmj cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K‡i wU‡K _vK‡Z cvi‡Q bv
weavq Wvj dmj‡K wewfbœ km¨ web¨v‡m AšÍfy©³ Kiv QvovI weKí wn‡m‡e

28
 GK bR‡i evwi
Avgb-cwZZ-†ev‡iv km¨ web¨v‡m
AšÍfy©w³i Rb¨ Wvj M‡elYv
†K‡›`ªi weÁvbxiv `xN©w`b a‡i
¯^í †gqv`x (80-85 w`b) gmyi
Wvj D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ M‡elYv K‡i
Avm‡Qb Ges B‡Zvg‡a¨B
msKivq‡Yi gva¨‡g 8-10wU
gmy‡ii jvBb wbe©vPb Kiv m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q hv cieZ©x‡Z AÂj wfwËK †ivcv Avgb av‡bi mv‡_ gmy‡ii mv_xdmj
Uªvqv‡ji gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i ¯^í
†gqv`x GKwU RvZ wn‡m‡e Aegy³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡e e‡j weÁvbxiv Avkv
Ki‡Qb| GwU Avgb I †ev‡ivi ga¨eZ©x cwZZ mg‡q ecb K‡i GKwU †evbvm
dmj msMÖn K‡i K…lKiv jvfevb n‡eb|

gyM
evsjv‡`‡ki my¯^v`y Wvj dm‡ji g‡a¨ gyM Ab¨Zg| eZ©gv‡b Pvlvev‡`i GjvKv
Ges Drcv`b we‡ePbvq GwU Z…Zxq ¯’vb `Lj K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k gyM Wv‡ji
†gvU Avevw` Rwgi cwigvY 1.73 j¶ †n±i Ges Drcv`b cÖvq 1.81 j¶
†gwUªK Ub| Lwid-1, Lwid-2 I wej¤^ iwe †gŠmy‡g Wvj dm‡ji g‡a¨ GKgvÎ
gyMWvjB cÖvq mviveQi Pvl Kiv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ Wvj dm‡ii Zzjbvq gyMWvj
Pv‡l mgqI Kg jv‡M (55-75 w`b)| ‡mRb¨ gyMWvj‡K mn‡RB wewfbœ km¨
web¨v‡m Lvc LvB‡q †bqv hvq| GQvovI gyMWvj Liv I Av`ª©Zv mwnòz|
mgqgZ ecb Ki‡Z cvi‡j †ivM-evjvB I †cvKv-gvK‡oi AvµgYI A‡bK
Kg nq| me wg‡j Wv‡ji G weivU NvUwZ c~i‡Y gyMWvj GKUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K gyM Wv‡ji 6wU
DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ evwi gyM-5 I evwi gyM-6 ¯^íKvjxb,
exR AvKv‡i eo, njy` †gvRvBK fvBivm †ivM mwnòz I D”P djbkxj nIqvq
K…lK ch©v‡q e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q| mviv‡`‡k cÖvq 80 fvM gy‡Mi

evwi gyM-6

29
GK bR‡i evwi
Avev`x Rwg‡Z evwi D™¢vweZ evwi gyM-5 Ges evwi gyM-6 Pvlvev` n‡q _v‡K|
1997 mv‡j evwi gyM-5 Aegy³ Kiv nq| hvi RxebKvj 60-65 w`b Ges
†n±icÖwZ djb 1300-1500 †KwR| evwi gyM-6 Aegy³ Kiv nq 2003 mv‡j
hv eZ©gv‡b K…lK ch©v‡q me©v‡c¶v mgv`„Z RvZ| Gi ex‡Ri AvKvi Ab¨vb¨
RvZ A‡c¶v eo, Mv‡Qi AvKvi Le©vK…wZ (40-45 †mwg) Ges RxebKvj
55-58 w`b| RvZwUi we‡kl ‰ewkó¨ †h 80-90% dj GKmv‡_ cv‡K| Mo
djb †n±icÖwZ 1500-1600 †KwR| RvZ D™¢ve‡bi cvkvcvwk gyM-wZj
AvšÍtdmj wn‡m‡e Pvlvev` Ges w_ªcm I dj‡Q`K †cvKv `g‡bi Rb¨ DbœZ
cÖhyw³ D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q|

†Qvjv
Wvj dm‡ji GjvKv I Drcv`‡bi w`K †_‡K †Qvjv evsjv‡`‡k cÂg ¯’vb `Lj
K‡i Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 8 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z †Qvjvi Pvl nq| Gi †gvU
Drcv`b cÖvq 9 nvRvi †gwÆK Ub| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ…©K
G ch©šÍ †Qvjvi 9wU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D™¢vweZ RvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ evwi †Qvjv-5 I evwi †Qvjv-9 †`wk ai‡bi
D”Pdjbkxj I †ivMmnbkxj RvZ| GQvov evwi †Qvjv-8 GKgvÎ Kveyjx
RvZ| †Qvjvi G RvZmg~n GKK dm‡ji cvkvcvwk AvšÍtdmj wn‡m‡e Pvl
K‡i jvfevb nIqv hvq|
evwi ‡Qvjv-5 1996 mv‡j Aegy³ Kiv nq| G Rv‡Zi MvQ wKQzUv Qov‡bv
cÖK„wZi| Mv‡Qi D”PZv 45-50 †mwg| RxebKvj 125-130 w`b Ges
†n±icÖwZ djb 1800-1900 †KwR| exR AvKv‡i †QvU nIqvq K…lK Ges
†fv³vmvavi‡Yi wbKU RvZwU A‡bK RbwcÖq| 2011 mv‡j evwi †Qvjv-9
RvZwU Aegy³ nq| Mv‡Qi D”PZv 60-65 †mwg Ges Mv‡Qi iO meyR, cÎ
djK¸wj †ek eo Ges ex‡Ri AvKvi eo| RxebKvj 120-125 w`b Ges
†n±icÖwZ djb 1800-2000 †KwR| RvZwU Lvov cÖK…wZi nIqvq ‡evUªvBwUm
†MÖ †gvì Ges dj †Q`K †cvKvi cÖv`yf©ve Kg nq|

evwi †Qvjv-5 evwi †Qvjv-9

30
 GK bR‡i evwi
gvmKjvB
evsjv‡`‡k Wvj dm‡ji g‡a¨
gvmKjvB‡qi ¯’vb PZz_©| MÖx®§Kv‡j
Pvl‡hvM¨ I Liv mwnòz nIqvq
gvmKjvB evsjv‡`‡ki Pvlx‡`i
Kv‡Q GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i
Av‡Q| †`‡ki DËi I
DËi-cwðgvÂj, we‡kl K‡i
PvucvBbeveM‡Ä gvmKjvB‡qi Pvl
†ewk n‡q _v‡K| GQvov †`‡ki
DËiv‡jI GwU GKwU RbwcÖq Wvj
dmj| evsjv‡`‡k gvmKjvB‡qi
†gvU Avev`x Rwgi cwigvY cÖvq 44
nvRvi †n±i Ges Drcv`b cÖvq 45
nvRvi †gwÆK Ub|
evwi gvm-3
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
KZ©„K D™¢vweZ gvmKjvB‡qi 3wU DbœZ RvZ nj- evwi gvm-1, evwi gvm-2,
Ges evwi gvm-3| evwi D™¢vweZ G RvZmg~n K…lK ch©v‡q Avev` K‡i †`‡k
Wv‡ji NvUwZ A‡bKvs‡k c~iY Kiv m¤¢e| evwi D™¢vweZ evwi gvm-3 RvZwU
1996 mv‡j K…lK ch©v‡q Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ Aegy³ Kiv nq †hwU Lwid-1 Ges
Lwid-2 `yB †gŠmy‡gB Pvlvev`‡hvM¨| Z‡e Lwid-2 †gŠmy‡gB GwU †ewk Pvl
Kiv nq| RvZwUi RxebKvj 65-70 w`b| RvZwU Lv‡Uv, Lvov, e„wómwnòz,
†ivMmwnòz Ges D”P djbkxj (1600 †KwR/†n±i) nIqvq K…lK ch©v‡q Gi
e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q|

†Lmvix
†Lmvix †`‡k Pvl‡hvM¨ Wvj dm‡ji Rwgi g‡a¨ me©vwaK ¯’vb `Lj K‡i
Av‡Q| Pv‡li Aaxb †gvU Rwgi cwigvY 2.84 j¶ †n±i Ges Drcv`b cÖvq
3.01 j¶ †gwÆK Ub| webv h‡Zœ Ges me‡P‡q Kg Drcv`b Li‡P AwaK

31
GK bR‡i evwi
djbkxj Ges †ivM I ‡cvKv
gvK‡oi cª‡Kvc Kg nIqvq K…lK
ch©v‡q †Lmvix Wvj LyeB RbwcÖq|
GQvov †Mv-Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e †Lmvixi
e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Abye©i Rwg‡ZI
†Lmvix fvj djb ‡`q|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv
evwi †Lmvix-4
Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K G ch©šÍ
†Lmvixi 4wU DbœZ RvZ D™¢vweZ
n‡q‡Q| evwi †Lmvix-2 Ges evwi
†Lmvix-3 RvZ `yBwU K…lK ch©v‡q
AwaK dj‡bi Rb¨ (1800-
2000 †KwR/†n±i) e¨vcK
RbwcÖq| hv‡`i RxebKvj
115-118 w`b| j¨v_vBwiRg
evwi †Lmvix-3
†ivM m„wóKvix wbD‡ivUw·‡bi
cwigvY Kg (<0.04%) nIqvq †fv³v ch©v‡q GB †Lmvix RvZ¸wj
e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| AwZ m¤cÖwZ evwi †Lmvix-4 bv‡g GKwU bZzb
RvZ Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †Mv-Lv`¨ wnmv‡e K…lK ch©v‡q mviv‡`‡k we‡kl
K‡i gv`vixcyi, †MvcvjMÄ, ewikvj, cUzqvLvjx I cvebv A‡j e¨vcKfv‡e
mgv`„Z|

gUi
gUi GKwU AZ¨šÍ cywóKi Avwgl
mg„× my¯^v`y Lv`¨ hv gUi ïuwU
wn‡m‡eI wewfbœ mewR, wLPzix I
†cvjvI RvZxq Lvevi‡K my¯^v`y
K‡i †Zv‡j| evsjv‡`‡k Wvj
AcÖavb dmj wn‡m‡e wew¶ßfv‡e m¤¢vebvgq gUi Wv‡ji AMÖeZx© jvBb

32
 GK bR‡i evwi
wKQy wKQy GjvKv‡Z Pvlvev` n‡”Q
Z‡e D”Pdjbkxj ¯^í Kvjxb
RvZ D™¢vweZ n‡j Avgb I †ev‡iv
av‡bi ga¨eZ©x cwZZ mg‡q
GKK dmj A_ev Avgb av‡bi
mv‡_ mv_x dmj wn‡m‡e ecb
K‡i GUv we¯—xY© GjvKv‡Z Kiv
m¤¢e| evsjv‡`‡k gUi Wv‡ji
Pvlvaxb Rwgi cwigvY 11 nvRvi
gUi Wv‡ji AMÖewZ© jvBb
†n±i Ges †gvU Drcv`b 13
nvRvi ‡gwUªK Ub| B‡Zvg‡a¨
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K evwi gUi-1 bvgK GKwU RvZ 2013
mv‡j Aegy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| RvZwUi RxebKvj 110-115 w`b Ges Mo djb
1500-1800 †KwR/†n±i|

†djb
jeYv³ A‡j Pvlvev` Dc‡hvMx Ab¨Zg Wvj dmj †djb| e„nËi PÆMÖvg,
†fvjv, †dbx A‡ji gvby‡li wbKU †djb Wvj AZ¨šÍ mycwiwPZ| DcK~jxq
A‡ji km¨ web¨v‡m †djb Acwinvh© dmj wn‡m‡e AZ¨šÍ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vb
`Lj K‡i Av‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 37 nvRvi †n±i Rwg‡Z Gi Pvl nq Ges
G †_‡K Drcv`b nq cÖvq 42 nvRvi Ub| Gi meyR dj ZiKvwi wn‡m‡e
LvIqv hvq| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K G ch©šÍ †dj‡bi
`yBwU RvZ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| evwi †djb-2 Aby‡gvw`Z nq 1996 mv‡j|
RvZwUi RxebKvj 120-130 w`b Ges Mo djb †n±icÖwZ 1500 †KwR|
RvZwU K…lK ch©v‡q mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q Ges DcK~jxq A‡j Gi we¯Ívi
N‡U‡Q|

33
GK bR‡i evwi
mewR dmj
evsjv‡`‡k 90 wUi AwaK wewfbœ ai‡bi mewRi Pvl n‡q _v‡K| my¯’ mej
Rxe‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b cwiwgZ cwigvY wewfbœ ai‡bi mewR LvIqv Acwinvh©|
KviY Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨K wfUvwgb I Lwb‡Ri Ab¨Zg Drm nj
mewR| GQvovI mewR‡Z ch©vß cwigvY kK©iv I cvwb we`¨gvb| cywówe`MY
ˆ`wbK gv_vwcQy 220 Mªvg mewR LvIqvi civgk© †`b| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b
ˆ`wbK gv_vwcQy mewR Mªn‡Yi cwigvY cÖvq 55 Mªvg (weweGm, 2013) hv
Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvi †P‡q cÖvq Pvi fv‡Mi 1 fvM| evsjv‡`‡k M‡o cÖvq 4.45
jÿ †n±i Rwg‡Z mewR Pvl n‡q _v‡K hv 31.3 jÿ †gwUªK Ub| mewR
dm‡ji DbœZ Rv‡Zi Afve I AvaywbK Drcv`b cÖhyw³ e¨envi bv Kivi d‡j
evsjv‡`‡k ‡n±icÖwZ mewRi djb Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni †P‡q A‡bK Kg|
evsjv‡`‡k Drcvw`Z mewRi g‡a¨ †e¸b,
U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc, euvavKwc, wkg, eiewU,
gyjv, jvD, cUj, wgwóKzgov, PvjKzgov,
Kijv, wPwP½v, wS½v, kmv, †Xuom,
jvjkvK, WuvUv, cyuBkvK, BZ¨vw`
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avi mewRi †mB Pvwn`v
c~i‡Y mewRi Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ D”P
djbkxj RvZ I cÖhyw³ D™¢veb AZ¨š—
¸i“Z¡c~Y©| DbœZ Rv‡Zi Afve, †ivM I
†cvKvi AvµgY, cÖwZK~j AvenvIqv
†hgb, AwZe„wó, Liv, eb¨v BZ¨vw` mewR evwi nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv- 8
Pv‡li cÖavb Aš—ivq| evsjv‡`k K…wl
M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU G ch©š— †gvU 33wU mewRi 96wU DbœZ RvZ (nvBweªW
13wU mn), cÖavb cÖavb mewRi DbœZ Drcv`b cÖhyw³, Mªx®g †gŠmy‡g mewRi
Avev` Ges exR Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUDU KZ©„K D™¢vweZ Gme DbœZ mewRi RvZ I cÖhyw³ G j¶¨ AR©‡b
weivU mnvqK f~wgKv ivL‡Q| evwi Ghver 24wU U‡g‡Uv RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q
hvi g‡a¨ 9wU nvBweªW RvZ i‡q‡Q| mv¤cÖwZK D™¢vweZ Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ evwi
U‡g‡Uv 14, 15, 16, 17 Ges evwi nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv 4, 8 I 9 Ab¨Zg| evwi
nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv 4 I 8 MÖx®§Kvjxb RvZ wn‡m‡e mviv †`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e
mgv`„Z| evwi nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv 8 RvZwU D”PZvc gvÎv mnbkxj nIqvq
MÖx®§Kv‡j AwaK jvfRbK cÖhyw³ wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z| D”P ZvcgvÎv mnbkxj G

34
 GK bR‡i evwi
RvZ `ywU cwjUv‡b‡j Pvl K‡i K…lKiv D”Pg~‡j¨ U‡g‡Uv wewµ K‡i jvfevb
n‡”Q| MÖx®§Kv‡j djb cÖvq 40-45 Ub/†n±i| AwZ m¤cÖwZ D™¢vweZ evwi
nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv 9 D”P djbkxj Ges 100-120 w`‡b M‡o 90-100 Ub/†n±i
djb w`‡Z m¶g| D”P djbkxj Gme Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ evwi U‡g‡Uv 15 njy`
cvZv †KvKiv‡bv fvBivm cÖwZ‡ivax Ges evwi U‡g‡Uv 16 I 17 D”P
msi¶Ykxj RvZ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

evwi nvBweªW U‡g‡Uv-9 evwi U‡g‡Uv-15 evwi U‡g‡Uv-16 evwi U‡g‡Uv-17

evwi KZ…©K G ch©š— 12wU †e¸‡bi RvZ D™¢veb n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ 4 wU nvBweªW
RvZ i‡q‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ evwi †e¸b 8 I 10 D”P djbkxj RvZ I
e¨vKwUwiqv RwbZ X‡j cov †ivM cÖwZ‡ivax| G RvZ `yBwU Zvc mwnòy
MÖx®§Kvjxb RvZ nIqvq K…lK‡`i Kv‡Q mgv`„Z| mviv †`‡k Pvl Dc‡hvMx
we‡kl K‡i `w¶Yv‡j I Liv cxwoZ A‡j| G RvZ¸wji Mo d‡ji IRb
100-110 MÖvg Ges djb 40-55 Ub/†n±i| evwi nvBweªW †e¸b 3 I 4 mviv
†`‡k kxZKv‡j Pvl Dc‡hvMx| MvQcÖwZ 33-35wU dj a‡i, d‡ji Mo IRb
100-120 MÖvg Ges djb 50-55 Ub/†n±i|

evwi †e¸b-8 evwi nvBweªW †e¸b-3 evwi nvBweªW †e¸b-4

evwi mvdj¨RbK fv‡e †e¸‡bi 4wU Uªv݇RwbK RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q hv wewU
†e¸b bv‡g cwiwPZ| Cry 1AC Rxb cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i evwi wewU †e¸b 1,2,3

35
GK bR‡i evwi
I 4 D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †e¸‡bi WMv I dj wQ`ªKvix †cvKvi AvµgY
cÖwZ‡ivax| †e¸‡bi G Rv‡Z cÖavb kµ WMv I dj wQ`ªKvix †cvKvi AvµgY
nq bv e‡j ¶wZKviK KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq bv| G‡Z Drcv`b LiP Kg
jv‡M Ges Ab¨ Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq AaxK djb cvIqv hvq|

evwi wewU †e¸b-1 evwi wewU †e¸b-2 evwi wewU †e¸b-3 evwi wewU †e¸b-4

m¤úªwZ AvMvg RvZ wn‡m‡e evwi †eªvKwj 1

D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv †ivc‡Yi 75 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ msMÖn Dc‡hvMx| AvKl©Yxq meyR
i‡Oi †nW Drcv`b K‡i| gy³ civMvwqZ
nIqvq mn‡RB cÖPzi exR Drcv`b K‡i|
mvavibZ †ivM I †cvKvgvK‡oi AvµgY
Kg nq e‡j †n±icÖwZ 12 Ub ch©š— djb
cvIqv hvq|
evwi jvD 4 mviv eQie¨vcx Pvl Kiv hvq| evwi †eªvKwj-1
AwaK jvfRbK wn‡m‡e K…lK‡`i wbKU
e¨cK mgv`„Z we‡klK‡i †`‡ki `w¶Y
A‡j| Mvp meyR i‡Oi d‡ji Mv‡q
mv`v‡U `vM _v‡K| Mo d‡ji IRb 2.5
†KwR| mviv ermie¨vcx Pvl Kiv hvq|
†n±icÖwZ djb iwe †gŠmy‡g 60 Ub I
Lwid †gŠmy‡g 40-50 Ub| evwi jvD 4
evwi wgwó gwiP 1 wgwó gwiP ev K¨vcwmKvg
GKwU D”P g~‡j¨i mewR m¤cÖwZ
evsjv‡`‡k e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡i‡Q|
D¾¡j meyR †ej AvK…wZi dj cvK‡j jvj
iO aviY K‡i| cÖwZ Mv‡Q 7-9wU dj a‡i
Ges Mo d‡ji IRb 75-85 MÖvg|
evwi wgwógwiP 1

36
 GK bR‡i evwi
evwi wkg 7 GKwU MÖx®§Kvjxb RvZ hv
D”P ZvcgvÎvq (300 †m) I dj avi‡Y
m¶g| Kg Auvkhy³ P¨vÞv dj nq Ges
Ab¨vb¨ MÖx®§Kvjxb RvZ A‡c¶v AwaK
djbkxj| G RvZwU 130-140 w`‡bi
g‡a¨ 12-13 Ub/†n±i djb w`‡Z
m¶g|
evwi Kvgiv½v wkg 1 RvZwU cywóKi I
DbœZgv‡bi LwbR mg„× (cvKv ex‡R
Avwgl 30-39 MÖvg/100 MÖvg) GKwU evwi wkg 7
mewR| 75-80 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ_g dj msMÖn
Dc‡hvMx nq| cÖwZ Mv‡Q 35-40wU wkg
a‡i| cvZvkvK, wkg, mewR I exR Wvj
wn‡m‡e Ges K›`g~j Avjyi gZ LvIqv hvq|
mviv †`‡k we‡kl K‡i e„nËi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g
Pvlev` Dc‡hvMx|
evwi wS½v 2 mviv †`‡k MÖx®§ Kv‡j Pvl
Dc‡hvMx GKwU †ivM I †cvKvgvKo mnbkxj
RvZ| dj AvKl©Yxq meyR i‡Oi nq Ges
MvQ cÖwZ 42-48wU dj a‡i hvi Mo IRb
200 MÖvg| G RvZwUi djb 22-24
Ub/†n±i evwi Kvgiv½v wkg 1

evwi Pxbvj-1 RvZwUi d‡ji kvm nvjKv

Kgjv i‡Oi, dj †MvjvKvi hv cvKvi ci
AvKl©Yxq †mvbvjx njy` i‡Oi Ges myMÜ

evwi wS½v 2
evwi Pxbvj 1

37
GK bR‡i evwi
hy³| d‡ji wUGmGm cÖvq 6.7 Ges Auvk wenxb| 75-80 w`‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ_g
dj msMÖ‡ni Dc‡hvMx nq Ges msi¶Y Kvj cÖvq 50-60 w`b| mviv †`‡k
we‡klK‡i e„nËi PÆMÖvg, cve©Z¨ GjvKv I wm‡j‡Ui Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx|

nvB‡WªvcwbK c×wZ‡Z mewR Pvl

nvB‡WªvcwbK c×wZ n‡jv wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k gvwUi cwie‡Z© cvwb‡Z Mv‡Qi
cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨ Dcv`vb mieivn K‡i mewR, dj I dzj Drcv`‡bi GKwU
†KŠkj| Rbeûj eû †`‡k †hLv‡b ¯^vfvweK Pv‡li Rwg Kg wKsev bvB,
†mLv‡b N‡i Qv‡` ev Avw½bvq, cwj Uv‡bj Ges †bU nvD‡R nvB‡WªvcwbK
c×wZ‡Z mewR I dj Drcv`b Kiv nq| †h‡nZz Avgv‡`i ‡`k Rbeûj Ges
AwaK mewR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Rwg evov‡bvi my‡hvM †bB, †m‡nZz nvB‡WªvcwbK
c×wZi gva¨‡g U‡g‡Uv, K¨vcwmKvg, †jUzm, kmv BZ¨vw` mn‡R Ges mviv
ermie¨vcx Drcv`b Kiv hvq| GB c×wZ‡Z mewR I dj Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³
D™¢veb K‡i mvdj¨RbKfv‡e U‡g‡Uv, K¨vcwmKvg, †jUzm, kmv I ÷ª‡ewi
Drcv`b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| GB c×wZ‡Z mviv eQiB mewR I dj Drcv`b
Kiv m¤¢e Ges Drcvw`Z mewR I d‡j †Kv‡bv KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv nq bv
weavq Gme mewR I dj wbivc` Ges Gi evRvi g~j¨ †ewk|

nvB‡WªvcwbK KvjPvi

wbqwš¿Z c×wZ‡Z gvbmg¥Z I D”P g~j¨m¤úbœ mewR Drcv`b

eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi AwaKvsk DbœZ †`k Ges †ek K‡qKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k Zv‡`i
mewR Drcv`‡bi GKUv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ AskB K‡i _v‡K wbqwš¿Z AeKvVv‡gvi
wfZ‡i| wMªb nvDR, wfbvBj nvDR, M¨vm nvDR, cwj nvDR BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
ZvcgvÎv, Av‡jv, e„wó, †cvKvgvKo, †ivMevjvB wbqš¿Y K‡i mviv eQie¨vcx
jvfRbK mewR Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| Av‡gwiKv, e„‡Ub, †b`vij¨vÛ, Rvcvb,

38
 GK bR‡i evwi
A‡óªwjqv, Pxb, ZvBIqvb, _vBj¨vÛ GgbwK fvi‡ZI wbqwš¿Z AeKvVv‡gvi
gva¨‡g mdjfv‡e mviv eQie¨vcx wewfbœ mewR Drcv`b K‡i _v‡K| we‡kl
K‡i gvbmg¥Z D”Pg~j¨ mewR Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gi weKí †bB| evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖwZK~j AvenvIqvq eQie¨vcx mewR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv
†K‡›`ªi mewR wefvM wbqwš¿Z cwi‡e‡k wewfbœ mewR RvZxq dmj †hgb
U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc, K¨vcwmKvg, †jUym, gvkiæg, †gjb BZ¨vw`i Dci wewfbœ
M‡elYv Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ wbqwš¿Z c×wZ‡Z (cwj nvDR, †bU
nvDR, bvBjb †bU I cwjw_b QvDwb) K¨vcwmKvg I †¯‹vqvk mvdj¨RbKfv‡e
Drcv`b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| GQvovI cwjw_b QvDwb‡Z mvdj¨RbKfv‡e Mªx®§Kvjxb
U‡g‡Uv, dzjKwc Drcv`b n‡”Q| mewR I †mP e¨ve¯’vcbv wefv‡Mi weÁvbxMY
†hŠ_fv‡e cwj nvD‡Ri wfZ‡i ZvcgvÎv wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges dvwU©‡Mkb c×wZ‡Z
mvdj¨RbKfv‡e K¨vcwmKvg Drcv`b K‡i‡Qb|

dj
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b K…wl GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i
Avm‡Q| hv eZ©gv‡b K…wl‡K cÖvwšÍK ch©vq †_‡K evwYwR¨K ch©v‡q DbœxZ
K‡i‡Q| 2011-12 A_©eQ‡i K…wl †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq †`kR Drcv`‡bi
(wRwWwc) 19.29% Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Q (Drm-weweGm 2011)| wbKU AZx‡Z
evsjv‡`kx K…wlRvZ cY¨ we‡klZ dj ißvwb e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k d‡ji e¨vcK ˆewPÎ i‡q‡Q Ges GLv‡b cÖvq 70 ai‡bi d‡ji
cÖRvwZ R‡b¥| evsjv‡`‡k Rwgi cwigvY I Drcv`b we‡ePbvq †h mg¯Í dj
AwaK cwigv‡Y R‡b¥ ‡m¸‡jv n‡jv KvuVvj, Avg, wjPz, †jeyRvZxq dj,
Avbvim, Kjv, Kzj, †cu‡c, †cqviv Ges bvwi‡Kj| G mKj dj cÖavb dj
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GQvov evsjv‡`‡k cÖPzi cwigv‡Y AcÖavb dj R‡b¥|
cywógvb, ¸Yv¸Y Ges cªvc¨Zvi mg‡qi we‡ePbvq G mKj AcÖavb djI h‡_ó
¸iæ‡Z¡i `vwe iv‡L| evsjv‡`‡k 1.37 jÿ †n±i Rwg †_‡K cÖvq 43.47 jÿ
†gwUªK Ub dj Drcvw`Z nq (weweGm, 2012) hv RvZxq Pvwn`v wgUv‡bvi Rb¨
AcÖZzj| eZ©gv‡b GKRb c~Y© eq¯‹ e¨w³i ˆ`wbK d‡ji 200 MÖvg Pvwn`vi
wecix‡Z cÖvc¨Zv n‡jv gvÎ 74.42 MÖvg | d‡j dj M‡elYvq AwaK ¸iæZ¡
cÖ`vb Riæwi n‡q c‡o‡Q|
dj wefvM, D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv †K›`ª, weGAviAvB, MvRxcyi Dò Ges AeDò
gÊjxq d‡ji †gŠwjK (basic), ‡KŠkjMZ (strategic), dwjZ (applied)
Ges Awf‡hvRbg~jK (adaptive) M‡elYv Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i _v‡K hv

39
GK bR‡i evwi
cywónxbZv `~ixKiY, Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Ges RvZxq A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨vcK
mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i Avm‡Q| hw`I Avgv‡`i †`‡ki d‡ji Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q e¨vcK cv_©K¨| Gi Ab¨Zg KviYmg~n n‡jv ¯’vbxq I Kg
Drcv`bkxj RvZmg~‡ni e¨envi hvi AwaKvskB ex‡Ri MvQ, eQ‡ii GKwU
wbw`©ó mg‡q d‡ji cÖvc¨Zv †ewk _vKv, h_vh_ e¨e¯’vcbvi Afve Ges ¸YMZ
gvbm¤úbœ Pviv/Kj‡gi AcÖZzj Drcv`b I weZiY| weGAviAvB G ch©šÍ
30wU wewfbœ d‡ji cÖRvwZi 70wU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| hv K…lK ch©v‡q
e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`„Z n‡q Avm‡Q Ges †`wkq d‡ji Drcv`b e„wׇZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU evQvB cªwµqvi
gva¨‡g evwi KvuVvj-1 I evwi KvuVvj-2 bv‡g KuvVv‡ji `yÕwU DbœZ RvZ K…lK
ch©v‡q Pv‡li Rb¨ gy³vwqZ K‡i‡Q| D³ RvZ `ywUi g‡a¨ evwi KvuVvj-2
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj A‡gŠmygx RvZ| MvQ Lvov cÖK…wZi I ga¨g
†Svcv‡jv| Rvbyqvwi †_‡K GwcÖj gvm ch©šÍ dj AvniY Kiv hvq| MvQcÖwZ
54-79 wU dj a‡i hvi IRb 380-579 †KwR| dj gvSvix (6.95 †KwR) I
†`L‡Z AvKl©Yxq| d‡ji kvum nvjKv njy` e‡Y©i, myMÜhy³ I ga¨g imv‡jv
Ges Lye wgwó (weªKvªgvb 21%)| Lv‡`¨c‡hvMx Ask 60%| †n±icÖwZ djb
38-58 Ub|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU †_‡K Av‡gi GMviwU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ RvZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ evwi Avg-3, evwi Avg-4, evwi Avg-8 I
evwi Avg-11 we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evwi Avg-3 wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P
djbkxj bvex RvZ| MvQ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Lv‡Uv I Lvov| dvêyb gv‡m Mv‡Q
gyKzj Av‡m Ges ga¨ Avlv‡p dj AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| dj j¤^v‡U, Mo IRb
180 Mªvg| d‡ji kuvm Mvp nj‡` e‡Y©i, Avuknxb, imv‡jv, †L‡Z Lye wgwó
(weªKvªgvb 23%), Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 71%| evsjv‡`‡ki me A‡jB
evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Pvl Kiv hvq| †n±icÖwZ djb 20 Ub| evwi Avg-4 wbqwgZ
dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj bvex RvZ| RvZwU ¯’vbxq Awk¦bv I †d¬vwiWvi 3826
Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ msKivq‡Yi gva¨‡g D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Rv‡Zi Avg MvQ eo I
Lvov| dvêyb gv‡m Mv‡Q gyKzj Av‡m Ges Avlvp gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K dj AvniY
Dc‡hvMx nq| dj AvKv‡i †ek eo (600 Mªvg), cÖvq †MvjvKvi I jvj Avfvmn
meyR e‡Y©i| d‡ji kuvm Mvp nj‡` e‡Y©i, Avuknxb, imv‡jv, †L‡Z Lye wgwó
(24% weª·gvb), Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 80%| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
†n±icÖwZ djb 20 Ub| evwi Avg-8 cÖwZ eQi dj`vbKvix iwOb D”P djbkxj
bvex RvZ| MvQ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Lv‡Uv I Qov‡bv| dvêyb gv‡m Mv‡Q gyKzj Av‡m
Ges ga¨ Avlv‡p dj AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| dj j¤^v‡U, D¾¡j njy` e‡Y©i,

40
 GK bR‡i evwi
d‡ji Mo IRb 270 Mªvg| d‡ji kuvm D¾¡j nj‡`, imv‡jv, Auvknxb, Lye
wgwó (weªKvªgvb 22%), Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 70%| †n±icÖwZ djb 20-25
Ub| d‡ji msiÿYKvj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk| †`‡ki me GjvKvq GgbwK
So cÖeY DcK‚jxq A‡jI Pv‡lvc‡hvMx| RvZwU ißvwb‡hvM¨|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU †_‡K Kjvi 4wU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| evwi Kjv-3 evsjv Kjvi D”P djbkxj RvZwU 2005 mv‡j cve©Z¨
A‡j Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ gy³vqb Kiv nq| cÖwZ Kuvw`‡Z M‡o 141wU Kjv nq hvi
IRb 23.8 †KwR| dj ga¨g AvKv‡ii (144 MÖvg)| ‡n±icÖwZ djb 45-50
Ub| cvKv dj njy` i‡Oi, m¤c~Y© exRnxb, kuvm AvVv‡jv, wgwó (weªKvª gvb
25.5%) I my¯^v`y| dj cvKvi ciI 5 w`b ch©šÍ N‡i †i‡L LvIqv hvq| RvZwU
†ivM I †cvKvgvKo mnbkxj| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx| evwi Kjv-4 cve©Z¨
GjvKv †_‡K wbe©vwPZ Pvcv Kjvi GKwU D”P djbkxj RvZ| cÖwZ Kvw`‡Z
d‡ji msL¨v 178wU hvi IRb cÖvq 19 †KwR| dj gvSvix AvKv‡ii Mo IRb
97 MÖvg| dj cvKv nj‡` i‡Oi m¤ú~Y© exR wenxb Ges UK wgwó (weªKvªgvb
20%) ¯^v‡`i| †n±icÖwZ djb 40-45 Ub| †ivM I †cvKvgvKo mnbkxj|
†`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi dj weÁvbx‡`i `xN©w`b wbijm
cÖ‡Póvq 5wU wjPyi RvZ D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q | evwi wjPy-3 gvS-‡gŠmygx ÿy`ª exR
m¤úbœ wjPyi GKwU DbœZ RvZ| ga¨ gv‡N Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges ga¨ ˆR¨‡ô dj
AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| d‡ji Mo IRb 19 Mªvg, dj †ewk gvsmj, imv‡jv I
wgwó (weª·gvb 19.0%)| Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 75%| mgMª evsjv‡`‡k Pv‡li
Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| †n±icÖwZ djb 5 Ub|
evwi wjPy-4 gvS-‡gŠmygx AwZ ÿy`ª exRm¤úbœ wjPyi GKwU D”P djbkxj Ges
DbœZ ¸YMZ gvbm¤úbœ RvZ| ga¨ gv‡N Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges ˆR¨‡ôi †kl
mßv‡n dj AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| cvKv d‡ji i‡O D¾¡j jvj| d‡ji Mo
IRb 27 Mªvg, dj †ewk gvsmj, imv‡jv I Lye wgwó (weª·gvb 22.0%)|
Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 78%| evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-cwðgv‡ji (iscyi, w`bvRcyi)
Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| †n±icÖwZ djb 10-12 Ub|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ÔÔKvRx †cqvivÕÕ, ÔÔevwi †cqviv-2ÕÕ I
ÔÔevwi †cqviv-3ÕÕ bv‡g wZbwU DbœZ RvZ gy³vwqZ K‡i‡Q| evwi †cqviv-2 D”P
djbkxj RvZ| MvQ Le©vK…wZi, ga¨g Qov‡bv, I ga¨g †Svcv‡jv| Kg †ewk
mviv eQi dj †`q| cÖavb †gŠmy‡g gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges
AvM÷-†m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m dj AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| dj †MvjvKvi, Mo IRb

41
GK bR‡i evwi
400 Mªvg| cwic° d‡ji iO njy`vf meyR| kuvm mv`v, †L‡Z wgwó (weª·gvb
10%) I KPK‡P | exR Aí I big| MvQcÖwZ eQ‡i 65 †KwR dj nq|
†n±icÖwZ djb 30 Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvl Kiv hvq| G¨vb_ªvK‡bvR I X‡j
cov †iv‡Mi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj|
evsjv‡`k K„wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Kz‡ji PviwU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| evwi
Kzj-1 D”P djbkxj wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix RvZ| MvQ gvSvix, ga¨g Qov‡bv|
fv`ª gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges gv‡Ni †klv‡a© dj AvniY ïiæ nq| dj gvSvix
(23 Mªvg), njy`vf meyR e‡Y©i I `yÕcÖvšÍ miæ| †L‡Z KPK‡P, Lye wgwó I mym¦v`y
(weªKvªgvb 13%) I Kwófve wenxb| exR †QvU, Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 92%| djb
10-15 Ub/‡n±i| ivRkvnx I Lyjbv GjvKvq Pvl Dc‡hvMx| evwi Kzj-3 D”P
djbkxj gvS †gŠmygx RvZ| MvQ Lv‡Uv, †gvUvgywU Lvov| fv`ª gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj
Av‡m Ges gv‡Ni ïiæ‡Z dj AvniY ïiæ nq| dj AvKv‡i eo (75 Mªvg), cÖvq
†MvjvKvi I njy`vf meyR e‡Y©i| exR †QvU, Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 96% I †L‡Z
KPK‡P, Lye wgwó I mym¦v`y (weªKvªgvb 14%) I Kwófve wenxb| ‡n±icÖwZ djb
22-25 Ub| †`‡ki me©Î Pvlvev‡`i Dc‡hvMx|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Ôevwi gvëv-1Õ bv‡g 2003 mv‡j gvëvi
GKwU DbœZ RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| G Rv‡Zi cvKv dj †`L‡Z AvKl©Yxq meyR
Ges †L‡Z my¯^v`y| GwU wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQ LvU,
Qov‡bv I AZ¨waK †Svcv‡jv| ga¨ dvêyb †_‡K ga¨ ˆPÎ ch©šÍ mg‡q Mv‡Q dzj
Av‡m Ges KvwZ©K gv‡m dj AvniY Dc‡hvMx nq| dj †MvjvKvi, gvSvix
AvK…wZi (150 Mªvg)| d‡ji ˆ`N©¨ 7 †mwg Ges cÖ¯’ 5 ‡mwg| cvK d‡ji iO
meyR| d‡ji cy®ú cªv‡šÍ cqmv mv`„k mvgvb¨ wbPz e„Ë we`¨gvb| d‡ji †Lvmv
ga¨g cy‡iv I kv‡mi mv‡_ mshy³| kuvm njy`vf, imv‡jv, †L‡Z wgwó I mym¦v`y
(weªKvªgvb 7.8%)| MvQcÖwZ 300-400wU dj a‡i| †n±icÖwZ djb 20 Ub|
e„nËi wm‡jU, PÆMªvg, cve©Z¨ PÆMªvg I cÂMomn †`‡ki me A‡ji Rb¨
Dc‡hvMx|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Ôevwi jUKb-1Õ bv‡g jUK‡bi GKwU DbœZ
RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| evwi jUKb-1 gvS †gŠmygx D”P djbkxj RvZ| MvQ
gvSvix, ga¨g Lvov I †Svcv‡jv| dvêyb gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges kªveY gv‡m
dj AvniY Kiv hvq| bq eQi eq¯‹ Mv‡Q 3350wU dj a‡i hvi IRb 50
†KwR| dj gvSvix (14 Mªvg)| G‡Z 4-5 wU †Kvl _v‡K| kuvm big, imv‡jv,
A¤øgayi ¯^v`hy³, Ges wgwó MÜhy³ (weªKvªgvb 15.6%)| †n±i cÖwZ djb 14
Ub| evsjv‡`‡ki me GjvKvq Pvl Dc‡hvMx|

42
 GK bR‡i evwi
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU D™¢vweZ evwi AvgjwK-1 GKwU D”P
djbkxj wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix RvZ| MvQ eo, Lvov I Aí †Svcv‡jv| ‡cŠl
I ˆekvL gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges ˆR¨ô I AMÖnvqY gv‡m dj AvniY
Dc‡hvMx nq| dj eo (30 Mªvg), P¨vÞv, I nvjKv meyR| kuvm mv`v, ga¨g
imv‡jv, KPK‡P, Aí Kwófve m¤^wjZ Ges my¯^v`y (weªKvªgvb 12.0)| D”P
wfUvwgb wm mg„× (300 wg.MÖv./100 MÖvg)| fÿY‡hvM¨ Ask 92%| †n±i
cÖwZ djb 26.4 Ub| mgMÖ †`‡k Pv‡lvc‡hvMx|

evwi AvgjwK 1
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU D™¢vweZ evwi Auvkdj-2 D”P djbkxj
wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix RvZ| MvQ Lv‡Uv, Qov‡bv I AZ¨waK †Svcv‡jv|
dvêyb-‰PÎ gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj Av‡m Ges kªveY gv‡mi †klv‡a© dj AvniY
Dc‡hvMx nq| dj Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e eo (9.0 Mªvg), ev`vgx i‡Oi, kuvm mv`v,
KPK‡P Ges Lye wgwó (weªKvªgvb 25%)| exR Lye †QvU, †Lvmv cvZjv,
Lv‡`¨c‡hvMx Ask 73%| evsjv‡`‡ki me GjvKvq Pvl‡hvM¨| †n±icÖwZ djb
8-10 Ub|
evwi Kvgiv½v-2 D”P djbkxj wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix RvZ| MvQ gvSvix, ga¨g
Lvov I ga¨g †Svcv‡jv| eQ‡i wZbevi dj †`q (Rvbyqvwi, RyjvB, Ges
A‡±vei)| dj gvSvix (100 Mªvg), wW¤^vK…wZi I nvjKv njy`| kuvm mv`v,
imv‡jv, KPK‡P Ges wgwó (weªKvªgvb 8.0%)| fÿY‡hvM¨ Ask 99%| †n±i
cÖwZ djb 53 Ub| mgMÖ †`‡k Pv‡lvc‡hvMx| RvZwU ißvwb‡hvM¨|
evwi mvZKiv-1 GKwU we‡`‡k ißvwb‡hvM¨ D”P djbkxj wbqwgZ dj`vbKvix
RvZ| MvQ gvSvix, ga¨g Qov‡bv I ga¨g ‡Svcv‡jv| ˆPÎ-ˆekvL gv‡m Mv‡Q dzj
Av‡m Ges kx‡Zi cÖvi‡¤¢ (†m‡Þ¤^i-b‡f¤^i) dj cvK‡Z ïiy K‡i| dj ga¨g
AvKv‡ii (330 Mªvg) Kgjv‡jeyi gZ P¨vÞv| cvKv dj nvjKv njy` e‡Y©i| e„nËi
wm‡jU, PÆMªvg I cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡n Pvl Dc‡hvMx| †n±icÖwZ djb 10 Ub|

43
GK bR‡i evwi
evwi iv¤^yZvb-1 wbqwgZ
dj`vbKvix D”P
djbkxj RvZ| MvQ eo
I AZ¨waK †Svcv‡jv|
dvêyb-ˆPÎ gv‡m Mv‡Q
dzj Av‡m, ˆPÎ-ˆekvL
gv‡m dj a‡i| kªveY
gv‡m dj AvniY
evwi iv¤^yZvb-1
Dc‡hvMx nq| dj
wW¤^vK„wZi, AvKv‡i eo (50 Mªvg)| cvKv d‡ji iO AvKl©Yxq jvj‡P L‡qwi|
d‡ji Mv‡qi KvUv †ek j¤^v I big| kuvm cy‡iv, gvsmj, mv`v, big, imv‡jv
myMÜhy³ Ges wgwó (weªKvªgvb 19%)| exR †QvU I big, Lv‡`¨c‡hvMx Ask
58%| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pvl Dc‡hvMx| †n±i cÖwZ djb 10-12 Ub|
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ÷ª‡ewii µgea©gvb RbwcÖqZv we‡ePbvq
evQvB cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g evwi ÷ª‡ewii-1, evwi ÷ª‡ewii-2 I evwi ÷ª‡ewii-3
bv‡g 3wU D”Pdjbkxj RvZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q | evwi ÷ª‡ewi-2 evsjv‡`‡k me©Î
Pv‡lvc‡hvMx GKwU D”P djbkxj RvZ| RvZwU Av‡gwiKvi †d¬vwiWv n‡Z msMÖn
K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqv Awf‡hvRb cixÿvi gva¨‡g evQvB c×wZ‡Z
gy³vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Mv‡Qi Mo D”PZv 35 †mwg Ges we¯Ívi 47-52 †mwg|
wW‡m¤^‡ii cÖ_‡g Mv‡Q dyj Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges wW‡m¤¦i †_‡K gvP© ch©šÍ dj
AvniY Kiv hvq| MvQcÖwZ M‡o 37wU dj a‡i| MvQcÖwZ Mo djb 740 Mªvg|
†n±icÖwZ djb 14-18 Ub| ürwcÛvK…wZi dj ‡ek eo AvKv‡ii, cÖvšÍ fvM
P¨vÞv| cvKv dj AvKl©Yxq UKU‡K jvj e‡Y©i| d‡ji Z¡K ga¨g big I Clr
LmL‡m| d‡ji kZfvM fÿY‡hvM¨| d‡ji m¦v` UK-wgwó (wUGmGm-10%) Ges
myMÜhy³| wfUvwgb wm-Gi cwigvY 76 wgMÖv/100 MÖvg| Aciw`‡K evwi ÷ª‡ewi-3
Av‡gwiKvi †d¬vwiWv n‡Z msMÖnc~e©K evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqvq Awf‡hvRb
cixÿv evQvB c×wZ‡Z gy³vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Mv‡Qi Mo D”PZv 40 †mwg Ges
we¯Ívi 45-50 †mwg| wW‡m¤^‡ii gvSvgvwS mg‡q Mv‡Q dyj Avm‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges
wW‡m¤^‡ii †kl fvM †_‡K GwcÖj ch©šÍ dj AvniY Kiv hvq| MvQcÖwZ M‡o 39wU
dj a‡i Ges Mo djb 770 Mªvg| †n±icÖwZ djb 15-20 Ub| ürwcÛvK…wZi dj
‡ek eo AvKv‡ii j¤^v‡U , cÖvšÍ fvM †PvLv| cvKv dj AvKl©Yxq UKU‡K jvj
e‡Y©i| d‡ji Z¡K Zzjbvg~jK k³ I Clr LmL‡m| d‡ji kZfvM fÿY‡hvM¨|
÷ª‡ewii ˆewkó¨c~Y© myMÜhy³ d‡ji m¦v` UK-wgwó (wUGmGm-10.5 %)| wfUvwgb

44
 GK bR‡i evwi
wm-Gi cwigvY 72 wg.MÖv./100 MÖvg| RvZ `ywU dj cÖ`vb †gŠmy‡g mxwgZ msL¨K
runner Drcv`b K‡i weavq runner AcmviYRwbZ kÖwgK Kg jv‡M|

÷ª‡ewii-1 ÷ª‡ewii-2 ÷ª‡ewii-3

evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv

Bbw÷wUDU evwi WªvMb
dj-1 wbqwgZ
dj`vbKvix D”P djbkxj
RvZ| evwi D™¢vweZ
WªvMbd‡ji RvZwU my¯^v`y
Ges G †_‡K cÖPyi evwi WªvMb dj-1
msL¨K dj AvniY Kiv
hvq| d‡ji AvKvi eo (375.11 MÖvg), cvKv d‡ji †Lvmv jvj| kuvm Mvp
†Mvjvcx i‡Oi, imv‡jv Ges wUGmGm 13.22%| Lv‡`¨vc‡hvMx Ask 81%|
exRmg~n Lye †QvU Kv‡jv I big| d‡j †eUv †K‡ivwUb 12.06 wgwjgvB‡µv
MÖvg/100 MÖvg Ges wfUvwgb wm 41.27 wg. MÖvg/100 MÖvg _v‡K| wZb †_‡K
cvuP eQi eqmx MvQcÖwZ d‡ji msL¨v 9 †_‡K 15 wU Ges djb 3.22
†KwR/MvQ/eQi Ges 20.6 Ub/‡n±i/eQi|

dyj
wek¦e¨vcx wewfbœ dz‡ji M‡elYv,
Dbœqb, Drcv`b I evwYR¨ Af~Zc~e©
ch©v‡q †cŠQ‡jI Avgv‡`i †`‡k dzj
M‡elYv GKwU bZyb Aa¨vq gvÎ|
D`¨vbZË¡ M‡elYv †K‡›`ªi AvIZvq
Ôj¨vÛ‡¯‹c, AY©v‡g›Uvj I
†d¬vwiKvjPviÕ wefvM dz‡ji RvZ
D™¢veb, eskwe¯Ívi c×wZ, AvaywbK
Drcv`b Kjv ‡KŠkj, exR/K›`/ Ki&g
msiÿY I msMª‡nvËi cÖhyw³ D™¢veb evwi P›`ªgwjøKv-2

45
GK bR‡i evwi
msµvšÍ M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| G
ch©šÍ MøvwWIjv‡mi 5wU, Rvi‡eivi 2wU,
P›`ªgwjøKvi 3wU, Wvwjqvi 1wU, wjwji 1wU,
Gjwcwbqv ev †iW wRÄvi Gi 1wU, Muv`vi 1wU Ges
AwK‡W©i 1wU D”P djbkxj RvZ Ges 15wU
AvaywbK Drcv`b Kjv-‡KŠkj D™¢veb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G wefvM M‡elYvi cvkvcvwk bZyb
cÖhyw³mg~n †`‡ki wewfbœ RvqMvq cÖwkÿY, DbœZ
dz‡ji Rv‡Zi cÖ`k©Yx cøU ¯’vcb, wjd‡jU-eyK‡jU
weZiY, wgwWqvq m¤cÖPvi Ges Pviv/KvwUs
mieiv‡ni gva¨‡g dyj Pvlx‡`i DØy× Z_v dzj
Pv‡l AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Q| djkÖæwZ‡Z †`‡k dzj
Pv‡li Rwg I dzj Drcv`b Av‡Mi †P‡q K‡qK¸b
e…w× †c‡q‡Q| evwi MøvwWIjvm-4

evwi Rvi‡eiv-1 evwi wjwj-1

gmjv
gmjv dmj cywó¸‡Yi cvkvcvwk Jlwa ¸Y mg„× weavq Gi Pvwn`v w`b w`b
†e‡o P‡j‡Q| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b cÖavb I AcÖavb RvZxq cÖwZwU gmjv Kg/‡ewk
e¨envi n‡q _v‡K Ges cÖvq cÖwZwU gmjv dmjB Cash crop wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv
†hvM¨| ZvB gmjv dm‡ji M‡elYv I bZyb cÖhyw³ D™¢veb GLb mg‡qi `vwe|
gmjv M‡elYv †K›`ª cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K gmjv dm‡ji Drcv`b I Dbœq‡b
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv †i‡L hv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gvb 5.06 jÿ †n±i Rwg †_‡K
cÖvq 32.07 jÿ †g.Ub gmjv dmj Drcvw`Z n‡”Q hvi 25-30% msMÖn
cieZx© AcP‡qi ci 25.71 jÿ †g. Ub e¨envi Dc‡hvMx _v‡K Ges

46
 GK bR‡i evwi
Af¨šÍixY Pvwn`v AviI cÖvq 6.71 jÿ †g. Ub| evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 43wU gmjv
e¨eüZ nq A_P cÖvq 35wU gmjv G‡`‡k Kg-‡ewk Pvl n‡q _v‡K| ˆ`wnK
cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ gv_vwcQy gmjvi Pvwn`v 54 Mªvg, †hLv‡b gvÎ 38 Mªvg
gmjv MªnY Kiv nq|
G ch©šÍ wewfbœ gmjv dm‡ji 26wU RvZ D™¢vweZ I gy³vwqZ n‡q‡Q|
†cuqv‡Ri 5wU, njy‡`i 5wU, gwi‡Pi 3wU, imy‡bi 2wU, Av`vi 1wU, awbqvi 1wU,
†gw_i 2wU, ‡Mvjgwi‡Pi 1wU, cv‡bi 3wU, cvZv wcuqv‡Ri 1wU, Avjy‡evLivi
1wU I wejvwZ awbqvi 1wU RvZ D™¢vweZ n‡q‡Q|
wcuqv‡Ri 5wU Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ evwi
wcuqvR-1 DrK…ó ¸Yv¸Ym¤úbœ,
evwi wcuqvR-4 D”Pdjbkxj I
fvj msiÿY ¸Ym¤úbœ kxZKvjxb
RvZ| Aciw`‡K evwi wcuqvR-2,
evwi wcuqvR-3 I evwi wcuqvR-5
D”Pdjbkxj MÖx®§Kvjxb RvZ hv
mviv eQi Drcv`b Kiv hvq|
evwi †cuqvR -5 AvMvg I bvwe
Lwic †gŠmy†g Dc‡hvMx evwi wcqvR-5
¯^í‡gqv`x D”P djbkxj
(16-22 Ub/†n±i)| RvZ| Gi evj¦ †MvjvKvi Ges jvj‡P e‡Y©i| cÖwZwU
K‡›`i Mo IRb cÖvq 90-100 MÖvg n‡q _v‡K| GwU mviv eQi Pv‡lvc‡hvMx|
cvnvox GjvKvmn mywb®‹vwkZ me ai‡bi Rwg‡Z mviv eQi e¨vcx Pvlvev`
†hvM¨|
njy‡`i cuvPwU Rv‡Zi g‡a¨ me©‡kl 2012-13 mv‡j D™¢vweZ evwi njy`-5
RvZwU D”P djbkxj (18-22 Ub/‡n±i), Mvp Kgjv njy` e‡Y©i eo AvKv‡ii
ivB‡Rvg (400-500 MÖvg/MvQ) wewkó| ﮋ c`v_© ‡ewk 26-30% _vKvq
ïKbv wn‡m‡e GwUi djb Ab¨vb¨
Rv‡Zi Zzjbvq AwaK (5.4 - 6.5
Ub/‡n)| evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Pv‡lvc‡hvMx
G RvZwU‡Z †ivMevjvB I
†cvKvgvK‡oi Dc`ªe Kg| AwaK djb
I AvKl©Yxq D¾¡j Kgjv i‡Oi RvZwU
µgk RbwcÖq n‡”Q|
2012-13 mv‡j Aby‡gvw`Z evwi
gwiP-2 GKwU D”Pdjbkxj Mªx®§Kvjxb evwi njy`-5

47
GK bR‡i evwi
gwi‡Pi RvZ| dvêyb †_‡K
Avwk¦b gvm ch©šÍ Qq gv‡mi
RxebKv‡j G RvZwUi MvQcÖwZ
700-750 MÖvg (450-500wU)
gwiP a‡i| KvuPv Ae¯’vq Mvp
meyR I cvK‡j D¾¡j jvj i‡Oi
cÖwZwU gwi‡Pi ˆ`N¨© M‡o 7
†mw›UwgUvi I IRb M‡o 2.5
MÖvg| 1000 ex‡Ri IRb 4.5 evwi gwiP-2
MÖvg| †n±i cÖwZ KvuPv gwi‡Pi
djb 25-30 Ub| G RvZwU‡Z †ivM †cvKvi AvµgY Kg Ges evsjv‡`‡ki
me©Î Pvl Kiv hvq|
evwi Avjy‡evLviv-1 G‡`‡ki
AvenvIqvq Pv‡lvc‡hvMx, AwaK
djbkxj I †ivMevjvB gy³
RvZ| AvKl©Yxq jvj i‡Oi
†MvjvKvi A_ev wW¤^vK…wZi
dj¸‡jv cÖPyi wfUvwgb Ges
Jlwa ¸Yv¸Ym¤úbœ| gvSvwi
AvK…wZi dj (8.6 MÖvg), UK
wgwó ¯^v‡`i Ges weª· gvb evwi Avjy‡evLviv-1
10.6%| Gi exR Lye †QvU Ges d‡ji cÖvq 97.4% fÿY‡hvM¨| cÖPzi dj
a‡i (2000-3000wU/MvQ)| †n±icÖwZ djb 7-10 Ub/‡n±i | G RvZwU
Avev` K‡i cÖwZ †KwR 500/- UvKv wn‡m‡e 35-50 jÿ UvKv Avq Kiv m¤¢e|
evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î mywb®‹vwkZ RwgB evwi Avjy‡evLviv-1 Pv‡li Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
A_©‰bwZKfv‡e AZ¨šÍ jvfRbK evwi wejvwZ awbqv-1 Gi D”P cywógvb,
myMwÜhy³ Ges DbœZ ‡flR ¸‡Yi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ GjvKvq Gi Pvlvev` I I
e¨envi `ªyZ evo‡Q| G RvZwUi cvZv AvKl©Yxq meyR e‡Y©i, ˆ`‡N¨©© 15-20
†mwg I cÖ‡¯’ 2-3 †mwg n‡q _v‡K| GwU D”Pdjbkxj (cvZv 30-50
Ub/‡n±i) (cÖwZ †KwR 100/- wn‡m‡e 35-50 jÿ UvKv) AwaK djb I
D”Pg~‡j¨i gmjv| G ‡`‡ki AvenvIqvq mviv eQi Avev` Dc‡hvMx,
†cvKvgvK‡oi AvµgY LyeB Kg| Lye fvj Jlwa ¸Yv¸Y I cywó gv‡bi Rb¨
†`‡k I we‡`‡k Gi fvj Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki AvenvIqvq mviv eQi Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx evwi cvZv wcuqvR-1 RvZwU
2013-14 mv‡j Aby‡gvw`Z n‡q‡Q| D”P cywó¸Ym¤úbœ G RvZwUi cvZv AZ¨šÍ
big I my¯^v`y hv ZiKvwi, myc, I wgkÖ mewR‡Z I PvBwbR †i÷z‡i‡›U e¨eüZ

48
 GK bR‡i evwi
nq| Mv‡Qi D”PZv cÖvq 43-60 †mw›UwgUvi Ges cÖwZ Mv‡Q cÖvq 6-8wU †MvQv
_v‡K| cÖwZ †MvQvq cvZvi msL¨v 6-11wU | GKevi ec‡b evi evi Gi cvZv
msMÖn Kiv hvq| ‡ivM I †cvKvgvKo mnbkxj I D”Pdjbkxj (cvZv 10-13
Ub/‡n±i) RvZwU evsjv‡`‡ki mKj mywb®‹vwkZ Rwg‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨ †ek
Dc‡hvMx|

†cvKv gvKo I †ivM evjvB e¨e¯’vcbv

eZ©gv‡b †`‡k wewfbœ dm‡ji †cvKv gvKo I †ivM evjvB `g‡bi Rb¨ cÖPzi
cwigv‡Y welv³ evjvBbvkK e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q| †`Lv †M‡Q D”P g~j¨m¤úbœ
wKQy mewR †hgb, †e¸b, Kijv, kxg, euvavKwc, dzjKwc RvZxq dm‡j
MÖx®§-el©vKv‡j K…lKiv cÖvq cÖwZw`bB evjvBbvkK cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Q|
evjvBbvk‡Ki Giƒc Dcyh©cywi e¨env‡ii d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb cwi‡ekMZ,
¯^v¯’¨MZ gvivZ¡K mgm¨vi m„wó n‡”Q Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb e¨eüZ
evjvBbvkKmg~‡ni Dci mnbkxj ¶gZv †e‡o hvIqvq evjvB `g‡b G¸‡jv
AKvh©Ki n‡q co‡Q| myZivs evjvBbvk‡Ki Dci GKK wbf©ikxjZv cwiZ¨vM
K‡i cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ i¶vKvix, A_©‰bwZKfv‡e jvfRbK, Drcv`K I
†fv³vi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Kg ¶wZKviK `gb e¨e¯’vcbv D™¢veb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv
AvBwcGg bv‡g cwiwPZ| Avb‡›`i welq n‡”Q GB †h, evwii weÁvbxiv
B‡Zvg‡a¨B wewfbœ dm‡ji ‡m· †d‡ivgb duv` wfwËK mgwš^Z `gb e¨e¯’vcbv
D™¢veb K‡i‡Q hv K…lK ch©v‡q e¨cKfv‡e mgv`„ZI n‡q‡Q| †cvKv `g‡b
†d‡ivgb duv‡`i Kvh©KvwiZvi Rb¨ K…lK‡`i wbKU GwU Ôhv`yi duv`Õ wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ|

†e¸‡bi Rwg‡Z †d‡ivgb duv` Kijvi Rwg‡Z †d‡ivgb duv`

49
GK bR‡i evwi
†e¸b dm‡j ‡m· †d‡ivgb duv` wfwËK AvBwcGg c×wZ e¨envi K‡i
K…lK‡`i wbR¯^ c×wZ, KxUbvk‡Ki e¨env‡ii †P‡q 1.5 ¸b Kg Li‡P
FZz‡f‡` cÖvq 1.5 n‡Z 2.0 ¸b AwaK †e¸b djv‡bv Ges 2 n‡Z 5 ¸‡biI
AwaK A_© Avq Kiv m¤¢e| Ab¨w`‡K AvBwcGg c×wZ A_©vr †m· †d‡ivgb I
wel‡Uvc dvu` †hŠ_fv‡e e¨envi K‡i AZ¨šÍ Kvh©Kix fv‡e gvwQ †cvKv `gb
Kiv m¤¢e Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ Avw_©Kfv‡eI jvfevb nIqv hvq| †`Lv †M‡Q †h,
Kijvi Rwg‡Z AvBwcGg c×wZ‡Z K…lK‡`i wbR¯^ c×wZ A_©vr KxUbvkK
e¨env‡ii †P‡q ‡n±icÖwZ Pvi ¸b Kg LiP K‡i cÖvq wظb A_© Avq Kiv m¤¢e|
GKBfv‡e evwi D™¢vweZ AvBwcGg c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ab¨vb¨ meRx †hgb,
U‡g‡Uv, evuavKwc, dyjKwc, KPz, †Xok, kxg BZ¨vw` Ges Avg, †cqviv, Kgjv,
Wvwjg BZ¨vw` d‡ji Drcv`b †hgb e„w×cÖvß n‡q‡Q †Zgwb cÖhyw³mg~n ¯^í
e¨vq m¤úbœ nIqvq Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb nIqv m¤¢e| ‡Kvb ai‡bi KxUbvkK
(wel) cÖ‡qvM Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv e‡j D™¢vweZ AvBwcGg c×wZm~gn cwi‡ek
evÜe, ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨vgy³|

†mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv

1990 mv‡j K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui AvIZvaxb ZrKvjxb K…wl cÖ‡KŠkj
wefvM wef³ n‡q †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv Ges GdGgwcB GB `yBwU c~Y©v½
M‡elYv wefvM wn‡m‡e AvZ¥ cÖKvk K‡i| Gi Av‡M †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv
K…wl cÖ‡KŠkj wefv‡Mi GKwU kvLv wQj| Rb¥jMœ n‡Z AÎ wefvM K…wl M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUD‡Ui AvIZvaxb dm‡ji wewfbœ e…w× ch©v‡q †m‡Pi mwVK mgq I
mwVK cwigvY wba©viYmn †m‡Pi ZvwjKvqb dmj †f‡` †m‡Pi b~Zb b~Zb
c×wZ D™¢veb, f‚Mf©¯’ cvwbi myôy e¨envimn †m‡Pi cvwbi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mvkÖqx
cÖhyw³ D™¢vebmn †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv welqK bvbvgyLx M‡elYv K‡i Avm‡Q|
weMZ cÖvq 10 ermi hver DcK‚jxq jeYv³ GjvKvq jeYv³ gvwU I cvwbi
myôy e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wewfbœ dmj Drcv`‡bi wKQz msL¨K cÖhyw³ D™¢veb
K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cvnvox A‡j el©v †gŠmy‡g Qov/bvjvq e…wói cvwb
msiÿY K‡i ﮋ †gŠmy‡g D³ cvwb w`‡q dmj Drcv`‡bi cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡b KvR
K‡i hv‡”Q| GB ch©šÍ AÎ wefvM n‡Z †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv welqK cÖvq
45wU cÖhyw³ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡`i AwaKvskB K…lK ch©v‡q cÖ‡qvM K‡i
K…lK jvfevb n‡”Qb| AÎ wefv‡Mi weÁvbxMY weMZ cÖvq 8/10 ermi hver
D”Pg~‡j¨i dm‡j gvB‡µv †mP c×wZ †hgb- wWªc, dvwU©‡Mkb, ¯úªxsjvi Gi
M‡elYv Kg©KvÊ cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ Zvnviv U‡g‡Uv (kxZKvjxb

50
 GK bR‡i evwi
I MÖx®§Kvjxb), †e¸b, K¨vcwmKvg, ÷ª‡ewi, ZigyR, †cu‡c, †cqvR, imyb
BZ¨vw` dm‡ji Rb¨ dvwU©‡Mkb I ¯úªxsjvi †mP cÖhw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb ‡h¸wj
ga¨g gv‡bi K…lKmn evwYwR¨K K…lKMY DwjøwLZ cÖhyw³mg~n e¨envi K‡i
Avw_©Kfv‡e jvfevb n‡”Qb| eZ©gv‡b DcK‚jxq jeYv³ A‡j m¦v`y
cvwb/jeYv³ cvwb wgkÖ‡Y wewfbœ dm‡j Drcv`‡b †mP cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡b KvR
K‡i hv‡”Q| GQvovI †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM †mŠiPvwjZ †mP cv‡¤úi
gva¨‡g dmj Drcv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv, MÖx®§Kvjxb gwiP Drcv`‡b Rjve×Zv
mwnòy DbœZ RvZ D™¢ve‡b M‡elYv Kg©KvÊ Pjgvb Av‡Q|

cvwb wefvRb h‡š¿i e¨envi

cvwbi wefvRb hš¿wU n‡jv
Ggb GKwU hš¿ hvi gva¨‡g
GKB mg‡q e¨envi K‡i 2
†_‡K 4 Rb K…lK wfbœ wfbœ
dmj ev GKB dm‡ji wewfbœ
Rwg‡Z †mP w`‡Z cv‡i|
mvaviYZ †`vAvuk ev
†e‡j-‡`vAvuk gvwU‡Z gmjv
RvZxq km¨mn mewR dm‡j
†mP †`Iqvi mgq AZ¨vwaK bjK~‡c cvwb wefvRb h‡š¿i e¨envi|
cvwb cÖev‡ni Kvi‡Y Mv‡Qi
†Mvovq gvwU ÿqcÖvß nq, Mv‡Qi g~‡ji ÿwZ nq Ges cvwbi AcPq nq| G‡Z
k‡m¨i djb A‡bK K‡g hvq| ZvB cvwbi wefvRb h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ hw` cvwbi
cÖevn‡K wfbœ wfbœ dm‡ji Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq, G‡Z cvwb cÖ‡qv‡Mi `ÿZv
e…w× cvq| †cuqvR I imybmn Ab¨vb¨ gmjv RvZxq dmj Ges dzjKwc,
euvavKwc, †e¸Íb, U‡g‡Uv cÖf„wZ dm‡ji Rb¨ hš¿wU AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx|
wcwfwm DcKiY w`‡q G hš¿wU ¯’vbxqfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

jeYv³ I LivcÖeY GjvKvq wWªc/dvwU©‡Mkb †mP I gvj&P cÖhyw³

e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g dmj Drcv`b
wWªc/dvwU©‡Mkb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU bZzb †mP cÖhyw³ hvi Pvwn`v µgvb¦‡q
e…w× cv‡”Q| wWªc †mP wUªdj ev gvB‡µv †mP bv‡gI cwiwPZ| Ggb GKwU †mP
c×wZ hv cvwbi fvj&f, cvBc Ges GwgUvm© †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g gvwUi c…ô ev
mivmwi Mv‡Qi wk³ A‡j ax‡i ax‡i †dvUv †dvUv K‡i cvwb †`qv nq|

51
GK bR‡i evwi
cvwb‡Z `ªeYxq mvi †hgb BDwiqv, cUvk BZ¨vw` cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
dvwU©‡Mkb c×wZ‡Z mgqgZ dm‡j cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| mvaviYZ cÖwZ 140
wjUvi cvwb‡Z GK †KwR mvi wgkv‡Z nq| wWªc/dvwU©‡Mkb †mP Ges gvj&P
cÖ‡qvM K‡i wewfbœ dmj/dj †hgb U‡g‡Uv, †e¸b, ZigyR, K¨vcwmKvg, †cu‡c,
÷ª‡ewi BZ¨vw` Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| wWªc †mP c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwb 2/3
w`b ci ci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| GB c×wZ cÖPwjZ c×wZi †P‡q kZKiv
30-40 fvM cUvk, 40-45 fvM BDwiqv Ges 50-55 fvM †m‡Pi cvwb mvkÖq
nq Ges cÖPwjZ c×wZi kZKiv †P‡q 20-25 fvM djb †ewk cvIqv hvq I
AwaK gybvdv AR©b m¤¢e| wWªc †m‡Pi d‡j Mv‡Qi g~jv‡ji gvwUi jeYv³Zv
K‡g hvq hv djb e…wׇZ mnvqZv K‡i| LivcxwoZ I †mP msKU GjvKv,
jeYv³ Ges cvnvox A‡j †m‡Pi cvwbi Afve _vKvq †mLv‡b
wWªc/dvwU©‡Mkb Ges gvj&P Lye Dc‡hvMx cªhyw³| eZ©gv‡b G c×wZi hveZxq
DcKiY ¯’vbxqfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

wWªc/ dvwU©‡Mkb †mP c×wZ‡Z U‡g‡Uv (K) ÷ª‡ewi (L) †e¸b (M) K¨vcwmKvg (N) Drcv`b|

52
 GK bR‡i evwi
km¨ web¨vm wfwËK †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv
Rjevqy cwieZ©b †gvKv‡ejvq jeYv³ I Liv cÖeb GjvKvi Rb¨ †UKmB dmj
Drcv`‡b km¨ web¨vm wfwËK cwiwgZ †mP I h_vh_ cvwb e¨e¯’vcbvi d‡j
Rwg I cvwbi Drcv`bkxjZv e…w× cvq| weGAviAvB Gi †mP I cvwb
e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM, International Centre for Biosaline Agriculture
(ICBA), `yevB Gi m‡½ cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZvq M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq
†h,DcK‚jxq A‡j DuPy‡e‡W gvjP& Ges wWªc †m‡Pi gva¨‡g gvwUi jeYv³Zv
D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ cwigv‡Y (10-12 wWGm/wg n‡Z 4.5-5.5 wWGm/wg) n«vm cvq
Ges djbI cÖPwjZ †mP c×wZi †P‡q AwaKZi e…w× cvq| eZ©gv‡b
weGAviAvB Gi m‡iRwgb M‡elYv wefvM Ges †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM
cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvq cwi‡ek I eb gš¿bvj‡qi A_©vq‡b cwiewZ©Z Rjevqy
†gvKv‡ejvq LivcÖeY I jeYv³ A‡j †UKmB km¨web¨vm wfwËK DbœZ †mP
I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cvwbi Drcv`bkxjZv e…w×i Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ
n‡”Q| km¨web¨vm wfwËK †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖhyw³i e¨env‡i jeYv³ I
LivcxwoZ GjvKvi K…lKMY jvfevb n‡”Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ †m‡Pi cvwbi mvkÖqx
dmjaviv Pvl Kivi Rb¨ K…lK‡`i DØy× Kiv n‡”Q| Gi d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwb
D‡Ëvjb nªvm cv‡e Ges cwi‡ek msiÿ‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e|

dmj Drcv`‡b kni/‡cŠi eR©¨ cvwbi e¨envi

kni/‡cŠi eR©¨ cvwb‡Z ÿwZKi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY LyeB Kg _v‡K weavq
dmj Drcv`‡b kni/‡cŠi eR©¨ cvwb e¨env‡ii SuzwK †bB| ZvB kn‡ii eR©¨

53
GK bR‡i evwi
cvwb ﮋ †gŠmy‡g dmjfv‡e
†mP Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i| M‡elYvjä djvd‡j
†`Lv †M‡Q, kni/‡cŠi eR©¨
cvwb Øviv Mg, fyÆv, Avjy
BZ¨vw` dm‡j †mP w`‡j djb
e…w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ kZKiv cÖvq
20-25% ivmvqwbK mvi mvkÖq
nq Ges Drcv`b LiP I K‡g
hvq| Z‡e ‡cŠi eR©¨ cvwb‡Z
ÿwZKi e¨vK‡Uvwiqv _vKvi Kvi‡Y mvjv` RvZxq dmj Pv‡l †mP †`Iqvi Rb¨
mZK© _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| ivRkvnx kniZjxmn Ab¨vb¨ LivcÖeY kniZjx
GjvKvq GB cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i AwaK dmj Drcv`‡b mnvqZv Ki‡e|

Aëvi‡bU dv‡iv †mP c×wZ‡Z dmj Drcv`b

K…wl Kv‡R dmj Drcv`‡b cvwbi myôz weZiY e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq cvwbi AcPq
†e‡o hvq Ges †mP GjvKvI K‡g hvq Ges Mv‡Qi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx h_vh_
cvwbi Afv‡e djbI K‡g hvq| d‡j AcPq ‡iva Ges †mP GjvKv e…w×i
j‡ÿ¨ Aëvi‡bU dv‡iv †mP c×wZ bv‡g bZzb GKwU †mP c×wZ evsjv‡`k K…wl
M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui †mP I cvwb e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM, evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g D™¢veb
K‡i| GwU Ggb GKwU †mP c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g GKwU dv‡iv AšÍi Aci
dv‡iv‡Z cvwb mieivn Kiv nq| `yB dv‡ivi ga¨eZ©x dv‡iv ﮋ _v‡K hv
cieZ©x †m‡Pi mgq ﮋ dv‡iv‡Z cvwb mieivn Kiv nq Ges c~‡e©i ‡mPK…Z
dv‡iv¸‡jv cieZ©x †m‡Pi mgq ﮋ ivLv nq| GB c×wZ‡Z dm‡ji †Zgb
†Kvb ÿwZ bv K‡i kZKiv cÖvq 30-35% cvwb mvkÖq nq| GB c×wZ mvwi‡Z
jvMv‡bv dmj †hgb U‡g‡Uv, fyÆv, Avjy BZ¨vw` Drcv`‡b dv‡ivi gva¨‡g
†m‡Pi Rb¨ Dchy³| LivcÖeY I jeYv³ GjvKvq dmj Drcv`‡b †hLv‡b
cvwbi e¨envi mxwgZ, †mme GjvKvq †m‡Pi cvwb weZi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î GwU GKwU
mnRZi mg‡qvc‡hvMx K…lK evÜe †mP c×wZ|

Aëvi‡bU dv‡iv †mP c×wZ‡Z U‡g‡Uv Drcv`b

54
 GK bR‡i evwi
NvUwZ †mP Ges gvj&P c×wZ‡Z dmj/exR Drc`vb
‡h mKj GjvKvq cvwbi NvUwZ Av‡Q, †mme GjvKvq NvUwZ †mP Ges gvj&P
e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g gvwUi A`ª©Zv a‡i ivLv m¤¢e| M‡elYvi djvd‡j †`Lv †M‡Q
†h, Mv‡Qi myôz e…w× I dj‡bi Rb¨ cwiwgZ †mP Ges gvwUi im eRvq ivLvi
Rb¨ gvj&P Acwinvh©| cvwbi NvUwZRwbZ Kvi‡Y dm‡ji msKUKvj ch©v‡q GB
cÖhyw³i ¸iæZ¦ Acwimxg| gvj&P e¨envi Kivi d‡j kZKiv 20 fvM cvwb Kg
cÖ‡qvM K‡iI AwaKZi djb cvIqv m¤¢e| Mg, m~h©gyLx, mwilv BZ¨vw`‡Z
NvUwZ †mP Ges †cuqv‡Ri exR I Kijv BZ¨vw` Drcv`‡b NvUwZ †mP Ges
gvj&P e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g djb AwaKZi e…w× Ges ¸YMZ gvb eRvq _v‡K| Liv
cÖeY GjvKvq GB cÖhyw³ AviI AwaKZi Kvh©Kix|

NvUwZ †mP Ges gvj&P e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g †cuqv‡Ri exR (K) Kijv (L) dmj Drcv`b|
dm‡ji ev®úxq cÖ‡k¦`b mnM (Kc)
wewfbœ dm‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cvwbi Pvwn`v wewfbœ iK‡gi n‡q _v‡K| dm‡ji
cvwbi Pvwn`v gvwU, Rjxq ev¯ú, k‡m¨i cÖKvi, ZvcgvÎv, AÂj BZ¨vw`‡f‡`
wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb †m‡P KZUzKz cvwb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e, Zv wbf©i K‡i H
†mP n‡Z cieZ©x †mP ch©šÍ k‡m¨i †gvU KZUzKz cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv wb‡Pi
mviYx e¨envi K‡i k‡m¨i cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cvwbi cwigvY wbY©q Kiv hvq|
mviYx: dm‡ji ev¯úxq cÖ‡k¦`b mnM (Kc) Gi gvb
dm‡ji bvg ev¯úx q cÖ‡k¦`b mnM ( K c )
µwgK cÖv_wgK ea©b ga¨eZ©x
bvg †kl ch©v q
b¤^i ch©v q ch©v q ch©v q
1 Mg 0.42 0.78 1.13 0.48
2 fyÆv 0.38 0.87 1.36 0.18
3 Avjy 0.25 0.62 0.70 0.23
4 U‡g‡U v 0.46 0.83 1.08 0.86
5 mwilv 0.68 0.98 0.07 1.26
6 ‡e¸b 0.42 0.80 1.30 0.93
7 d‚jKwc 0.48 0.95 0.91 0.75
8 imyb 0.51 0.87 1.08 0.61
9 ‡cu q vP 0.68 0.93 1.23 0.78
10 gmyi 0.35 1.09 0.82 0.47

55
GK bR‡i evwi
cÖ‡mwms Avjy Drcv`‡b †mP cÖhyw³
Avjy Drcv`‡b †m‡Pi ¸iæZ¦ Acwimxg| evsjv‡`‡k M‡gi c‡iB
cÖwµqvRvZKiY Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e Avjyi e¨envi µgvMZ e…w× cv‡”Q| we‡kl K‡i
iwe †gŠmy‡g Avjy‡Z †mP cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j djb K‡qK¸b †e‡o hvq| Avjyi
wZbwU ms‡e`bkxj e…w× ch©vq (†÷vjb †ei nIqv ch©vq, ¸wU †ei nIqv ch©vq
Ges ¸wU e…w× ch©vq) i‡q‡Q †h mgq †mP GKvšÍ Acwinvh©| M‡elYvi
djvd‡j †`Lv †M‡Q Mv‡Qi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK gvwU‡Z Dchy³ mg‡q mwVK
cwigvY cvwb †cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j cÖ‡mwms Avjyi djb I cvwbi Drcv`bkxjZv e…w×
cvq Ges LiPI K‡g hvq| iwe †gŠmy‡g Avjy Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖvq 20-25
†mwg cvwbi cÖ‡qvRb nq| cvwbi myôz e¨env‡ii d‡j cÖ‡mwms Avjyi ¸YMZ
Lv`¨gvb A_©vr wUGmGm, NbZ¦, Ges kK©iv BZ¨vw` eRvq _v‡K|

DbœZ †mP e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cÖ‡mwms Avjy Drcv`b

Dw™¢` †ivMZË¡
Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ ai‡bi †ivMevjvB dm‡ji cÖf~Z ÿwZ mvab K‡i _v‡K| ZvB
†ivMevjvB‡K dmj Drcv`‡bi cÖavb AšÍivq wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
dm‡ji †ivMevjvB `gb K‡i km¨ Drc`b e„w×i j‡ÿ¨ Dw™¢` †ivMZË¡
wefvM, 1976 mv‡j evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb
wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki ci †_‡KB Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| AÎ wefvM g~jZ dm‡ji
wewfbœ †iv‡Mi jÿY, KviY wbY©q, bZzb †iv‡Mi cÖv`yf©ve, †ivM m„wó‡Z
AvenvIqvi f~wgKv, gnvgvwi AvKv‡i †ivMevjvB †`Lv †`Iqvi AvenvIqv
RwbZ Ae¯’v, †ivMevjvB `g‡b mgwbœZ e¨e¯’vcbv BZ¨vw` wel‡q M‡elYv KvR
cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K hv dm‡ji Drcv`b e„wׇZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L
hv‡”Q| AÎ wefvM cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K Dw™¢`†ivM e¨e¯’vcbvq wewfbœ ai‡bi
cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i Avm‡Q Ges cÖwZwbqZB †ivMevjvB e¨e¯’vcbvi bZzb bZzb
cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ AÎ wefv‡Mi weÁvbxMY wbijm M‡elYv KvR Pvwj‡q
hv‡”Qb| weMZ 2009 mvj †_‡K 2014 mvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ dm‡ji cÖvq 22 wU

56
 GK bR‡i evwi
†ivMevjvB `gb e¨ve¯’vcbv welqK cÖhyw³ Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q| D³ wefvM KZ„©K
D™¢vweZ K‡qKwU †ivMevjvB `gb cÖhyw³ ms‡ÿ‡c Zz‡j aiv n‡jv|

†iv‡Mi bvg: Av`vi K›` cPvu ev ivBRg iU

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv cª_‡g
njy` n‡q hvq, cieZx©‡Z
MvQ Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í ‡bwZ‡q c‡o
Ges ïwK‡q gviv hvq|
❀ AvµvšÍ MvQ Uvb w`‡j Lye
mn‡RB D‡V Av‡m Ges Av`vi K›` cPvu ev ivBRg iU
AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi K›`/ivBRg
c‡P hvq Ges djb gvivZ¥K fv‡e e¨vnZ nq|

`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
†ivMgy³ Rwg †_‡K Av`vi exRmsMÖn Kiv | Aa-©cPv gyiwMi weôv 5 Ub/†n±i
gvwU‡Z exR ec‡bi 21 w`b c~‡e© cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q
cPvu‡Z n‡e| AZtci gvwU‡Z †÷ej weøwPs cvDWvi 20 †KwR/†n±i nv‡i Rwgi
†kl Pv‡li mgq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| AZtci wi‡Wvwgj †Mvì (0.2%) nv‡i
exR †kvab K‡i exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| Pvivi eqm 40 w`b ci †_‡Z cÖwZ
12-15 w`b AšÍi AšÍi wi‡Wvwgj †Mvì (0.2%) 3-4 evi Pvivi †Mvovi gvwU
fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg: gmy‡ii †Mvov cPv †ivM

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ Pviv Ae¯’vq G †ivM n‡j MvQ
nVvr X‡j c‡o Ges gviv hvq|
❀ AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv µgvš^‡q
njy` iO aviY K‡i| MvQ
†bwZ‡q c‡o gviv hvq|
❀ AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡b mv`v i‡Oi
QÎv‡Ki gvB‡mwjqv Ges
mwilvi `vbvi gZ
†¯‹‡j‡ivwmqvg ¸wU †`Lv hvq| †Mvov cPv †ivMvµvšÍ gmyi †ÿZ

57
GK bR‡i evwi
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
AvswkK cPv gyiwMi weôv 5 Ub/†n±i nv‡i exR ec‡bi Kgc‡¶ 21 w`b c~‡e©
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e cPv‡Z n‡e| AZtci †cÖv-†f· (0.25%)
bvgK QÎvKbvkK Øviv exR †kvab K‡i exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| Pviv MvRv‡bvi
20-25 w`b ci GKevi Ges 35-40 w`b ci wØZxq evi †cÖv‡f· 0.25%
nv‡i cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvovq gvwU fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg: †Qvjvi X‡j cov ev DBë

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ Pviv Ae¯’vq AvµvšÍ n‡j MvQ
nVvr K‡i X‡j c‡o wKš‘ Mv‡Qi
cvZvi i‡Oi †Kvb cwieZ©b
nq| AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv
µgvš^‡q njy` iO aviY K‡i|
MvQ †bwZ‡q c‡o gviv hvq|
❀ c~Y© eq¯‹ MvQ GB †iv‡M
AvµvšÍ n‡j cÖ_‡g Mv‡Qi
cvZv njy` nq Ges Av‡¯Í
Av‡¯Í MvQ †bwZ‡q c‡o Ges X‡jciv †ivMvµvšÍ ‡Qvjv †ÿZ
cwi‡k‡l MvQ gviv hvq|

`gb e¨e¯’v
AvswkK cPuv gyiwMi weóv 5 Ub/†n±i nv‡i exR ec‡bi Kgc‡¶ 21 w`b c~‡e©
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e cPv‡Z n‡e| AZtci ‡f‡ew÷b (0.25%)
bvgK QÎvKbvkK Øviv exR †kvab K‡i exR ecb Ki‡Z n‡e| exR ec‡bi
20-25 w`b ci GKevi Ges 35-40 w`b ci wØZxq evi ‡f‡ew÷b 0.25%
nv‡i cvwb‡Z wgwk‡q Mv‡Qi †Mvovi gvwU fvjfv‡e wfwR‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg: Kjvi cvbvgv

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ wb‡Pi cvZvi wKbviv njy` nq I cÎdjK cÎe„šÍ †_‡K †f‡½ Sz‡j c‡o|
❀ ‡Kvb †Kvb mgq MvQ j¤¦vjw¤¦fv‡e †d‡UI †h‡Z cv‡i Ges fvmKzjvi
ev‡Ûj nj‡` ev`vgx iO aviY K‡i| MvQ djb ¶gZv nvwi‡q †d‡j I
gviv hvq|

58
 GK bR‡i evwi
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
†ivMgy³ Pviv e¨envi| Kjvi
Rwg‡Z cvwb wbKv‡ki mye¨e¯’v
ivLv| Pviv jvMv‡bvi c~‡e©
e¨vwfw÷b, 2.5 Mªvg/wjUvi nv‡i
Pviv †kvab Kiv|

†iv‡Mi bvg: cU‡ji wMuUK…wg

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ cvbvgv †ivMvµvšÍ MvQ
❀ dm‡ji wkK‡o wMuU Gi
Dcw¯’wZB G †iv‡Mi
jÿY| d‡j wkKo
m¦vfvweKfv‡e gvwU
†_‡K cvwb I cywó
msMªn I cwienb
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| we‡kl K…wg AvµvšÍ cUj MvQ I wkKo
K‡i Livi mgq X‡j c‡o, AwZ el©vq wkK‡o cPb nq, MvQ gviv hvq|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
bZyb cU‡ji jZv jvMv‡bvi Av‡M weNv cÖwZ †`o Ub nv‡i gyiwMi KvPv weôv cÖwZ
weNv‡Z ev cÖwZ gv`vq MZ© K‡i cÖwZ M‡Z© 5-10 †KwR nv‡i cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi
mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q 3 mßvn ch©šÍ cP‡bi Rb¨ †d‡j ivL‡Z n‡e| jvMv‡bvi
c~‡e© cÖwZ M‡Z© 15-20 Mªvg nv‡i dzivWvb 5 wR cÖ‡qvM K‡i jZv jvMv‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg: U‡g‡Uv I Kwci Pvivi W¨vw¤ús Ad

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ AvµvšÍ AsKzwiZ
Pvivi iO d¨vKv‡m
meyR nq I Kv‡Êi
wb‡Pi w`‡K gvwU
eivei ev`vgx i‡Oi
cvwb †fRv `vM c‡o|
AvµvšÍ RvqMvq W¨vw¤ús Ad AvµvšÍ †U‡g‡Uv I Kwci Pviv
Pvivi †Mvov c‡P hvq I Pviv gviv hvq|

59
GK bR‡i evwi
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
gyiwMi Avav cuPv weóv (Qq gv‡mi cyivZb) †n±i cÖwZ 3-5 Ub /mwilvi ‰Lj
†n±i cÖwZ 400 †KwR nv‡i exR ec‡bi wZb mßvn Av‡M gvwU‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e
wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
†iv‡Mi bvg: U‡g‡Uv I †e¸‡bi e¨vK‡Uwiqv RwbZ X‡j cov/DBë
mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ AvµvšÍ Mv‡Qi cvZv
meyR Ae¯’v‡ZB
wSgy‡Z ïiæ K‡i Ges
MvQwU meyR Ae¯’v‡ZB
gviv hvq| MvQ Zz‡j
Qzwi w`‡q ‡Mvov †K‡U
Kuv‡Pi Møv‡mi cvwb‡Z e¨vK‡Uwiqv RwbZ X‡j cov †iv‡M AvµvšÍ U‡g‡Uv I †e¸b MvQ
KvUv cÖvšÍ Wzev‡j †`Lv hv‡e (`y‡ai gZ mv`v) myZvi gZ e¨v‡±wiqv AweiZ
†ei n‡”Q|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
‡ivM cÖwZ‡ivax RvZ h_v evwi †e¸b 8 Gi Pvl Kiv| D³ †e¸b MvQ†K
iæU÷K wn‡m‡e e¨envi K‡i †e¸b I U‡g‡Uvi †Rvo Kjg Kiv|
†iv‡Mi bvg: U‡g‡Uv I †e¸‡bi wkK‡oi wMuU K…wg/iæU bU †bgv‡UvW
mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ MvQ Zzj‡j wkK‡o AmsL¨ †QvU
eo wMuU ‡`Lv hvq| mvaviYZt
AvµvšÍ ¯’v‡bi †Kv‡li AvKvi
Lye eo nq| †Kv‡li e„w×
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e evavMÖ¯’ nq|
Mv‡Q dzj aivi ÿgZv
AvksKvRbKfv‡e K‡g hvq
Ges dj a‡i bv ej‡jB P‡j| K…wg †iv‡M AvµvšÍ U‡g‡Uv I †e¸b MvQ

60
 GK bR‡i evwi
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
Pviv jZv jvMv‡bvi Av‡M weNv cÖwZ 1.5 Ub nv‡i gyiwMi KvPv weóv cÖwZ weNv‡Z
cÖ‡qvM K‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q 3 mßvn ch©šÍ cP‡bi Rb¨ †d‡j
ivL‡Z n‡e| jvMv‡bvi c~‡e© gvwU‡Z dzivWvb 5 wR 25 †KwR/†n±i nv‡i cÖ‡qvM
K‡i Pviv jvMv‡Z n‡e|

†iv‡Mi bvg: mwilvi mv`v gë †ivM

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ cÖ_‡g Mv‡Qi cvZv I Kv‡Êi Dci Zzjvi
gZ mv`v mv`v QÎv‡Ki gvB‡mwjqvg †`Lv
†`Lv hvq|
❀ cieZ©x‡Z M‡Qi cvZv njy` n‡q S‡o
c‡i, KvÊ c‡P †f‡½ c‡o Ges djb
gvivZ¥Kfv‡e e¨nZ nq| mwilvi mv`v gë †ivM
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
‡ivM †`Lv †`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †ivåvj (0.2%) ev wUë (0.05%) A_ev
dwjKzi (0.1%) 12 w`b AšÍi 3 evi Mv‡Q †¯úÖ Ki‡j mv`v gë †ivM
mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ `gb Kiv hvq|
†iv‡Mi bvg: †jeyRvZxq msMÖ‡nvËi †KsKvi †ivM
mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ cÖ_‡g d‡ji Mv‡q †QvU †QvU nj‡` `vM
†`Lv hvq|
❀ K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ `vM¸‡jv AvKv‡i eo
nq Ges `vM¸‡jv DuPz DuPz †dv¯‹vi gZ
g‡b nq| d‡j †jeyRvZxq d‡ji evRvi
†jeyRvZxq msMÖ‡nvËi †KsKvi †ivM
g~j¨ K‡g hvq|

61
GK bR‡i evwi
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
msMÖ‡ni ci †jeyRvZxq dj †mvwWqvg I‡_©vwdbvBj wd‡bU `ªe‡b 1 wgwbU
Wzwe‡q ivL‡j G †ivM fvjfv‡e `gb Kiv hvq|

†iv‡Mi bvg: †cuqv‡Ri cvc©j eøP †ivM

mbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨
❀ cÖ_‡g cvZvi Dci nvjKv njy` i‡Oi ‡QvU
‡QvU `vM †`Lv hvq|
❀ K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU `vM GKwÎZ n‡q
eo`v‡M cwiYZ nq| `vM¸‡jv ax‡i ax‡i aymi
ev Kvj‡P iO aviY K‡i cvZv †f‡½ c‡o|
`gb e¨e¯’vcbv
‡ivM †`Lv †`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Bfvij 50 WweøD wc
(B‡cÖvwWqb) 2 wgwj/wjUvi nv‡i 10 w`b AšÍi 4 †jeyRvZxq msMÖ‡nvËi †KsKvi †ivM
evi Mv‡Q †¯úÖ Ki‡j GB †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc Kgv‡bv
hvq|

Dw™¢` †KŠwjm¤ú`
Dw™¢` †KŠwjm¤ú`
eZ©gvb Ges fwel¨Z
dmj Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi
GKwU AZxe ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
g~j Dcv`vb| evsjv‡`k
GKwU K…wl Rxe
ˆewPÎc~Y© †`k| G‡`‡k ga¨ †gqv`x wngvMvi (wfZi) `xN© †gqv`x wngvMvi
7000 cÖRvwZi
fvmKzjvi Dw™¢` Ges `yÕkZvwaK dmj R‡b¥| Avw`RvZ, AcÖPwjZRvZ,
¯’vbxqRvZmn eb¨ cÖRvwZmg~n †ivM-evjvB cÖwZ‡iva, cÖwZKyj AvenvIqvq
Drcv`bÿg wewfbœ RvZ Dbœq‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| evsjv‡`k Dw™¢`
†KŠwjm¤ú‡` AZ¨šÍ mg„× nIqv m‡Z¡I †m¸‡jv msMÖn, msiÿY Ges Kv‡R
jvMv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î A‡bK wcwQ‡q| eZ©gv‡b Dw™¢` †KŠwjm¤ú` †K‡›`ªi ga¨
†gqv`x (4 n‡Z 60 †mw›Uª‡MÖW) I `xN©‡gqv`x (-18 n‡Z -220 †mw›Uª‡MÖW) wRb
e¨vsK Ges wdì wRb e¨vs‡K 137 wU dm‡ji 10085wU GK‡mkb msiÿY
Kiv n‡”Q| Gi g‡a¨ `vbv`vi dm‡ji 1727wU, Wvj dm‡ji 3460 wU,

62
 GK bR‡i evwi
ˆZjexR dm‡ji 455 wU, mewR dm‡ji 3902 wU, gmjv dm‡ji 187 wU,
dj dm‡ji 92 wU, A½R e„w× A_ev wiK¨vjwmUªv›U exR RvZxq 194 wU Ges
Ab¨vb¨ dm‡ji 58 wU GK‡mkb i‡q‡Q| msM„nxZ dm‡ji 65% GiI AwaK
GK‡mk‡bi ˆewkó¨KiY m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZkÖæwZkxj Rvg©cøvRg wb‡q Dw™¢`
cÖRbbwe‡`iv RvZ Dbœq‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb Ges †ekwKQz RvZ B‡Zvga¨B
Aegy³ n‡q‡Q| †fŠMwjK wb‡`©kK dmj (Geographical indication crop)
Ges Aegy³ Rv‡Zi Dci AvBbMZ AwaKvi ev †gavwfwËK mË¡vwaKvi (IPR)
Zivwš^ZKiY I Wzwcø‡Kkb Kgv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ gwjKzjvi ˆewkôvq‡bi KvR Pj‡Q|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ gyMWv‡ji 42wU, †e¸‡bi 85wU, †Lmvixi 25wU, M‡gi 20wU, fzÆvi
24wU, †Qvjvi 9wU, gmy‡ii 7wU gvmKjvB‡qi 3wU, gwi‡Pi 100wU, mwilvi
15wU Rvg©cøvR‡gi wWGbG wd½viwcÖw›Us Gi KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Rvg©cøvR‡gi
Bb wf‡Uªv KbRvi‡fk‡bi cÖ‡UvKj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ M‡elYv Kvh©µg Pj‡Q|
eZ©gv‡b Avjyi 9wU Ges cyw`bvi 3wU Rvg©cøvRg Bb wf‡Uªv c×wZ‡Z msiÿY
Kiv n‡”Q|

g„wËKv weÁvb
gvwU evsjv‡`‡ki mePvB‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`| mwVK Dcv‡q
weÁvbm¤§Zfv‡e gvwU e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g djb e„w× I gvwUi Ee©iZv msiÿY
KivB gvwU M‡elYvi g~j jÿ¨| g„wËKv weÁvb wefvM evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUD‡Ui GKwU e„nr I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡elYv wefvM| evsjv‡`‡ki g„wËKv
I mvi M‡elYvq GB wefvM ïiæ †_‡KB gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
M‡elYvi gva¨‡g AÎ wefvM G ch©šÍ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q
hv K…l‡Ki gv‡V mdj f~wgKv ivL‡Q| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi
g„wËKv weÁvb wefvM PviwU kvLvi gva¨‡g M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
G¸wj n‡jv K) g„wËKv imvqb kvLv L) g„wËKv c`v_© kvLv M) g„wËKv AYyRxe
kvLv N) g„wËKv AYycywó kvLv|

‰Re¨ Ave©Rbv ‡_‡K fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ ev ‡Ku‡Pvmvi Drcv`b

Kjv‡KŠkj
fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ ev ‡Ku‡Pvmvi Drcv`b eZ©gv‡b K…wl I cwi‡ek e¨e¯’vcbvq ‰Re
Dw”Qóvsk e¨e¯’vcbv Kvh©µ‡gi 1wU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx cwi‡ekevÜe c`‡¶c| nRg
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Gwmbv †dwUWv (Eisenia fetida) Rv‡Zi †Ku‡Pv †Mvei I
ivbœvN‡ii cPbkxj Ave©Rbv‡K fvwg©K‡¤úv‡÷ iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k
fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ Drcv`bKvix K‡¤úv÷vi †Ku‡Pvi RvZ¸wji g‡a¨ Gwmbv †dwUWv
(Eisenia fetida) AwaK `ªæZZvi mv‡_ †ewk cywó Dcv`vb mg„×

63
GK bR‡i evwi
fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ ˆZwi Ki‡Z mÿg| GB mvi ˆZwi‡Z bvbviKg cPbkxj wRwbm
jv‡M| Gme †L‡q nRg cÖwµqv †Ku‡Pv †h gj Z¨vM K‡i, ZvB fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ ev
†Ku‡Pv mvi| Ab¨vb¨ ˆRemv‡ii Zzjbvq G mvi Aw©aK cywó Dcv`vb mg„× KviY
nRg cÖwµqvq DcKvwi AYyRxe QvovI †Ku‡Pvi kixi wbtm„Z im GUv‡Z wgwkªZ
_v‡K hv Gi cywógvb evwo‡q †`q| m‡PvivPi †Mvei w`‡q GB mvi ‰Zwi Kiv
nq| eZ©gv‡b †Mve‡ii AcÖZzjZvq fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ Drcv`†bi wewfbœ c×wZi
g‡a¨ †Mvei I ivbœvN‡ii cPbkxj Ave©Rbvi wgkªb †_‡K Drcvw`Z
fvwg©K‡¤úvó †ewk cywó Dcv`vb mg„× |
welq weeiY
‰Remvi fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ ev †Ku‡Pv mvi
RvZ Gwmbv †dwUWv (Eisenia fetida)
Pvwo ev Mvgjv 2 nvZ PIov I 2 nvZ j¤^v wm‡g‡›Ui 8wU Pvwo
‡Ku‡Pvi cwigvY 2 †KwR 8wU Pvwoi Rb¨ A_ev 200wU †Ku‡Pv cÖwZ Pvwoi Rb¨ (1 ‡KwR
= 1000wU c~Y©eq¯‹ †Ku‡Pv
‡ewWs ‰Zwii †Mvei, ivbœvN‡ii ‰Re¨ Ave©Rbv
DcKiY
‡Mvei I AveR©bv KuvPv †Mvei 10-12 w`b gy³ Ae¯’vq cPv‡bv| cPbkxj AveR©bv †e‡Q
cuPv‡bv gvwUi M‡Z© ev Kv‡jv cwjw_‡b f‡i gyL eÜ K‡i evqy‡ivax Ae¯’vq 7/8
w`b 50-60 wWwMÖ †m. ZvcgvÎvq ivL‡Z n‡e| cwjw_‡b gyL eÜ Ae¯’vq
ivL‡j D³ cwigvY ZvcgvÎv m„wó nq|
‡Ku‡Pv msMÖn wewfbœ GbwRI ev K…lK ch©v‡q †Ku‡Pv msMÖn K‡i †Mve‡i ivL‡j †Ku‡Pv
GB ‡Mvei †L‡q `ªæZ eske„w× Ki‡e|
K‡¤úv‡÷i †eW 3t1 Abycv‡Z cPv‡bv ‡Mvei, ivbœvN‡ii MvRbK…Z ˆRe Ave©Rbv GK‡Î
ˆZwi wg‡k‡q 8wU Pvwo‡Z f‡i †eW ˆZwi K‡i cÖwZwU Pvwo‡Z c~‡e©i eY©bv
Abyhvqx †Ku‡Pv †Q‡o w`‡Z n‡e| Pvwo¸wj cv‡Ui PU w`‡q †X‡K w`‡Z
n‡e| 2/1 w`b ci ci ‡`L‡Z n‡e Pvwoi Dc‡ii wgwkªZ AveR©bv
ïwK‡q hv‡”Q wKbv| ïwK‡q ‡M‡j cvwb wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| AveR©bv
Kvj‡P ev`vgx iO ai‡j cvwb †`qv eÜ K‡i w`‡Z n‡e|
mvi msMÖn wgwkªZ AveR©bv hLb ïwK‡q Pv‡qi ¸uovi gZ SziSziv n‡q hv‡e ZLb
eyS‡Z n‡e mvi ˆZix n‡q †M‡Q| 70-80 w`‡bi g‡a¨ mvi ˆZix n‡q
hvq| mvaviYZ 6 gv‡m †Ku‡Pvi msL¨v 4-5 ¸Y nq| cieZx©‡Z ZvB mvi
ˆZwi‡Z Kg mgq jv‡M|
fvwg©K‡¤úv÷ Pvjybx w`‡q †P‡j mvi, †Ku‡Pv I †Ku‡Pvi wWg Avjv`v Kiv nq|
Pvjv c×wZ
mvi Drcv`b mvaviYZ 20 ‡KwR cPv‡bv †ewWs AveR©bv †_‡K 11 †KwR mvi cvIqv
hvq|
g~j¨ cÖwZ †KwR †Ku‡Pv mvi 15-20 UvKv Ges cªwZ †KwR †Ku‡Pv 2000
UvKv|

64
 GK bR‡i evwi

dmj Drcv`‡b ev‡qv¯øvixi e¨envi

ev‡qvM¨vm cÖKí evsjv‡`‡k GKwU Dw`qgvb cÖhyw³ hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z ev‡qv¯øøvix
ˆRe mvi cÖ¯‘Z nq| G¨vbviweK cwi‡e‡k cÖ¯‘Z nIqvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ev‡qv¯øvix
ˆRe mv‡i Dw™¢` cywógvb †ewk _vKvq mvavib ‡Mvei ev gyiwMi weôvi †P‡q
DrK„ó| ev‡qv¯øvix ˆRe mvi mvavibZt †Mvei, gyiwMi weôv, KPzixcvbv I
Ab¨vbœ ˆRe c`v_© †_‡K ˆZwi nq| 3Ub gyiwMi weôv ev‡qv¯øøvix A_ev 5Ub
†Mvei ev‡qv¯øvix e¨envi K‡i euvav Kwc (98 Ub) I dzj Kwci (57 Ub)
m‡e©v”P Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e| g„wËKv weÁvb wefvM, evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUDU dzjKwc I euvav Kwci Dci ev‡qv¯øøvix ˆRe mv‡ii cÖfve cwiÿv
K‡i G cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
welq weeiY
dmj dzjKwc I euvav Kwc
RvZ †mœv ‡nvqvBU I Gjvm - 70
Rwg I gvwU DPz gvSvwi DPz Gu‡Uj gvwU
†ivc‡Yi mgq ga¨ b‡f¤^i
†ivcb c×wZ mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 50 †mw›UwgUvi I MvQ †_‡K MvQ 45
†mw›UwgUvi
mv‡ii gvÎv (†KwR/†n±i) dzjKwc euvav Kwc
BDwiqv 250 390
wUGmwc 135 135
GgIwc 120 130
wRcmvg 80 110
ewiK GwmW 6 6
ev‡qv¯øvix ˆRe mvi 3 3 Ub/†n±i

65
GK bR‡i evwi
welq weeiY
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ Rwg ˆZwii †kl Pv‡li mgq mycvwikK…Z 1/3 BDwiqv, m¤ú~Y©
ˆRe mvi, wUGmwc, GgIwc Ges wRcmvg mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| wRsK mvj‡dU Ges ewiK GwmW wKQz ïKbv I SziSz‡i
gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q m¤ú~Y© Rwg‡Z mgfv‡e wQwU‡q
w`‡Z n‡e| evwK 2/3 BDwiqv mvi Pviv †ivc‡Yi 25 I 45 w`b
ci cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡mP cÖ‡qvM c×wZ Rwg‡Z ch©vß im bv _vK‡j †ivc‡Yi ci nvjKv †mP w`‡Z
n‡e|
AšÍeZx©Kvjxb cwiPh©v AwZ e„wói d‡j hv‡Z Rjve×Zv m„wó bv nq †m Rb¨ AwZwi³
cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e|
dmj msMÖn ga¨ †deªæqvwi - ga¨ gvP©
djb 55-58 Ub/†n±i 95-100
Ub/†n±i
fzÆvi `vbv MV‡b Pzb I †evib mv‡ii cÖfve
evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡j fyÆv dm‡j wPUv †`Lv †`Iqvq fyÆvi djb
gvivZ¡Kfv‡e nªvm cvq| DËiv‡ji gvwU A¤øag©x| DËiv‡j K…l‡Ki wPUv
mgm¨vKewjZ gv‡V nvBweªW fyÆv wb‡q M‡elYvq cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q A¤øxq gvwU‡Z
Dw™¢‡`i AZ¨vek¨Kxq Lv‡`¨vcv`vbmg~n we‡klZ †evib Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ mnRjf¨
Ae¯’vq _v‡K bv weavq Dw™¢‡`i AfveRwbZ j¶Y "fyÆvq wPUv" gvivZ¥K
AvKvi aviY K‡i| A¤øxq gvwU‡Z †evi‡bi Afv‡e fyÆvq `vbv MwVZ nq bv|
M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, fyÆvi `vbv MV‡bi Rb¨ †evi‡bi cÖ‡qvRb | GQvovI
gvwUi Abyei©Zv, wbweo km¨ Pvl Ges Amylg gvÎvi mvi cÖ‡qvM Gi mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z| GgZve¯’vq hw` †n±icÖwZ 2 Ub Pyb I 2 †KwR †evib mvi cÖ‡qvM
Kiv hvq, Z‡e fyÆvi djb †n±icÖwZ kZKiv 36 fvM ch©šÍ e„w× m¤¢e (8.88
Ub/†n±i) hv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e †ewk jvfRbK |

fyÆvq wPUvi Dci Pyb I †evib mvi e¨e¯’vcbvi cÖfve

mwilv dm‡j †evi‡bi cÖfve

mwilv n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki ˆZj RvZxq dm‡ji g‡a¨ cÖavb hv ˆZjex‡Ri †gvU
AvqZ‡bi cÖvq lvU fvM| evsjv‡`‡ki mwilvi Mo djb gvÎ 700 †KwR/†n±i

66
 GK bR‡i evwi
hv c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ mwilv Drcv`bKvix †`‡ki Mo dj‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bK Kg|
¯’vbxq Drcv`b Pvwn`vi gvÎ 1/3 Ask †hvMvb w`‡Z cv‡i| wbweo Pvlvev` I
D”P djbkxj RvZ e¨env‡ii d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk A‡j we‡klZ
DËi cwðgv‡j †evi‡bi NvUwZ cÖKU AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q| mvaviY K…lK
mPivPi BDwiqv, wUGmwc I GgIwc mvi e¨envi K‡i wKš‘ Zviv AYycywói Drm
wn‡m‡e †eviY mvi e¨envi K‡i bv ej‡jB P‡j| mwVK RvZ I mwVK mvi
e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g mwilvi Drcv`b I Pvwn`vi ga¨Kvi `~iZ¡ Kwg‡q Avbv
m¤¢e| ZvB jvjgwbinvU A‡j (AEZ 2) 2007-2008 I 2008-2009
mv‡j mwilvi Dci g„wËKv AYycywó (†evib) Gi Dci gvV cixÿv ¯’vcb K‡i
D”P dj‡bi Rb¨ mv‡ii gvÎv wba©viY Kiv nq|
Drcv`b cÖhyw³
welq weeiY
dmj mwilv
RvZ evwi mwilv 11, 13, 14
Rwg I gvwU ‡e‡j-†`vAuvk, †`vAuvk gvwU
ec‡bi mgq ga¨ b‡f¤^i
ex‡Ri nvi 8-10 †KwR
ecb c×wZ mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 30 †mw›UwgUvi
mv‡ii gvÎv
BDwiqv 250 †KwR
wUGmwc 160 †KwR
GgIwc 130 †KwR
wRcmvg 125 †KwR
wRsK mvj‡dU 8 †KwR
g‡bvnvB‡WªU
ewiK GwmW 8 †KwR
ˆRe mvi 3 Ub/†n±i
mvi cÖ‡qvM Rwg ˆZwii †kl Pv‡li mgq mycvwikK…Z 1/2 BDwiqv, m¤ú~Y© ˆRe mvi,
c×wZ wUGmwc, GgIwc Ges wRcmvg mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| wRsK mvj‡dU
Ges ewiK GwmW wKQz ïKbv I SziSz‡i gvwUi mv‡_ fvjfv‡e wgwk‡q
m¤ú~Y© Rwg‡Z mgfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡Z n‡e| evwK 1/2 BDwiqv mvi dzj
Avmvi AvM g~û‡Z© cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡mP cÖ‡qvM exR ec‡bi 25-30 w`‡bi g‡a¨ (Mv‡Q dzj Avmvi Av‡M) cÖ_g †mP Ges
c×wZ 50-55 w`‡bi g‡a¨ (dj aivi mgq) wØZxq †mP w`‡Z n‡e| ec‡bi
mgq gvwU‡Z im Kg _vK‡j Pviv MRv‡bvi 10-15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU
nvjKv †mP w`‡Z nq|
dmj msMÖn ga¨ gvP©
djb evwi mwilv 11(1.82 Ub/†n±i), evwi mwilv 13 (1.63 Ub/†n±i), evwi
mwilv 14 (1.58 Ub/†n±i)

67
GK bR‡i evwi
Svowkg Drcv`‡b ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mvi
Svowkg ‡cÖvwUb, K¨vjwmqvg, Avqib I wfUvwgb mg„× GKwU wjwMDg RvZxq
mewR| PÆMÖvg, MvRxcyi, LvMovQwo, VvKziMvuImn evsjv‡`‡ki †h †Kvb
A‡j Svowkg Pvlvev` Kiv hvq| GB dmj Pv‡l Rwg‡Z BDwiqv mv‡ii
cwie‡Z© ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mvi e¨envi Ki‡j djb fvj nq Ges gvwUi
Ae¯’vI fvj _v‡K| AYyRxe mvi ev RxevYy mvi GK ai‡bi we‡kl DcKvix
AYyRx‡ei Øviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| Giv wkg RvZxq Mv‡Qi mv‡_ we‡kl m¤ú©‡Ki
gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ evqygÛj ‡_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mÂvqb
K‡i| wkg RvZxq Mv‡Qi wkK‡o ivB‡Rvweqvg bvgK e¨vK‡Uwiqv ¸wU ev
bwWDj ‰Zwi K‡i| D³ e¨vK‡Uwiqv evqygÛj †_‡K bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mÂvqb K‡i
mswkøó MvQ‡K †`q Ges wewbg‡q MvQ †_‡K wb‡Ri Rb¨ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU †bq|
welq weeiY
dmj Svowkg
RvZ evwi Svowkg-1
Rwg I gvwU Ee©ei †`vAuvk ev †e‡j †`vAuvk
ec‡bi mgq ga¨ b‡f¤^i †_‡K ga¨ Rvbyqvwi
ex‡Ri nvi (†KwR/†n±i) 50 †_‡K 60
ecb c×wZ mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 30 †mwg Ges MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Qi `~iZ¡
15 †mwg
ivB‡Rvweqvg †÷ªBb evwi Aviwcwf-701
mv‡ii gvÎv (†KwR/†n±i)
ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mvi 1.5
wUGmwc 204
Ggwc 160
wRcmvg 112
wRsK mvj‡dU g‡bvnvB‡WªU 14
‡Mvei (Ub/†n±i) 5
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ evwii g„wËKv AYyRxe kvLv KZ©„K D™¢vweZ evwi Aviwcwf-701
†÷ªBb w`‡q ‰ZwiK…Z AYyRxe mvi cÖwZ †n±‡i 1.5 †KwR
wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cwigvYgZ Mvg ev ïaygvÎ cvwb
w`‡q ex‡Ri mv‡_ AYyRxe mvi wgkv‡Z n‡e| VvÊv I ïK‡bv
RvqMvq †i‡L AYyRxe mvi wgwkªZ exR evZv‡m ïKv‡Z n‡e|
AYyRxe mvi Qvov Ab¨vb¨ ivmvqwbK mvi Rwg ‰Zwii †kl
Pv‡li mgq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡mP cÖ‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb gZ
dmj msMÖn Rvbyqvwi †_‡K ‡deªæqvwi
djb 13-14 Ub/†n±i

68
 GK bR‡i evwi
Pxbvev`vg Drcv`‡b ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mv‡ii e¨envi
Pxbvev`vg ‡cÖvwUb I ˆZj mg„× GKwU dmj| MvRxcyi, Rvgvjcyi, wK‡kviMÄ,
iscyimn †e‡j †`vAuvk gvwU‡Z Pxbvev`vg Pvl Kviv hvq| GB dmj Pv‡l
Rwg‡Z BDwiqv mv‡ii cwie‡Z© ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mvi e¨envi Ki‡j djb
fvj nq Ges gvwUi Ae¯’vI fvj _v‡K| AYyRxe mvi ev RxevYy mvi GK ai‡bi
we‡kl DcKvix AYyRx‡ei Øviv ˆZwi Kiv nq| Giv wkg RvZxq Mv‡Qi mv‡_
we‡kl m¤ú©‡Ki gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwˇZ evqygÛj ‡_‡K
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mÂvqb K‡i| wkg RvZxq Mv‡Qi wkK‡o ivB‡Rvweqvg bvgK
e¨vK‡Uwiqv ¸wU ev bwWDj ˆZwi K‡i| D³ e¨vK‡Uwiqv evqygÛj †_‡K
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mÂvqb K‡i mswkøó MvQ‡K †`q Ges wewbg‡q MvQ †_‡K wb‡Ri
Rb¨ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU †bq|
welq weeiY
dmj Pxbvev`vg
RvZ evwi Pxbvev`vg-6
Rwg I gvwU †e‡j †`vAuvk ev Pi A‡ji †e‡j gvwU
ec‡bi mgq iwe: KvwZ©K -AMªnvqY, Lwid-1: dvêyb -ˆPÎ, Lwid-2: kªveY -
fv`ª
ex‡Ri nvi (†KwR/†n±i) 100 †_‡K 110 (†Lvmvmn)
ecb c×wZ mvwi †_‡K mvwii `~iZ¡ 30 †mwg Ges MvQ †_‡K Mv‡Qi `~iZ¡
15 †mwg
ivB‡Rvweqvg †÷ªBb evwi AviGGBP-801, evwi AviGGBP-802, evwi
AviGGBP-803
mv‡ii gvÎv (†KwR/†n±i)
ivB‡Rvweqvg AYyRxe mvi 1.5
wUGmwc 112
Ggwc 84
wRcmvg 102
wRsK mvj‡dU g‡bvnvB‡WªU 14
‡Mvei (Ub/†n±i) 5
mvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ evwii g„wËKv AYyRxe kvLv KZ©„K D™¢vweZ evwi AviGGBP-
801, evwi AviGGBP-802, evwi AviGGBP-803 †÷ªBb
w`‡q ˆZwiK…Z AYyRxe mv‡ii †h †Kvb GKwU cÖwZ †n±‡i 1.5
†KwR wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| cwigvYgZ Mvg ev ïaygvÎ
cvwb w`‡q ex‡Ri mv‡_ AYyRxe mvi wgkv‡Z n‡e| VvÊv I
ïK‡bv RvqMvq †i‡L AYyRxe mvi wgwkªZ exR evZv‡m ïKv‡Z
n‡e| AYyRxe mvi Qvov Ab¨vb¨ ivmvqwbK mvi Rwg ‰Zixi
†kl Pv‡li mgq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
‡mP cÖ‡qvM cÖ‡qvRb gZ
dmj msMÖn iwe: ˆekvL †_‡K ˆR¨ô
djb iwe: 2.5 - 3 Ges Lwid: 2 - 2.5 Ub/†n±i

69
GK bR‡i evwi
U‡g‡Uv-gyMWvj-†ivcv Avgb km¨ web¨v‡mi djb e„wׇZ f‚wg Kl©Y Ges
ˆRe I A‰Re mvi e¨env‡ii cÖfve
cvIqvi wUjvi Øviv ga¨g MfxiZvq (10-12 †mwg) f‚wg Kl©Y c~e©K mgwš^Z Dw
™¢` cywó Dcv`vb e¨e¯’vcbv c×wZ‡Z ˆRe I A‰Re mvi e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
Pvlvev` Ki‡j U‡g‡Uv-gyMWvj-†ivcv Avgb km¨ web¨v‡mi djb cÖPwjZ
c×wZi Zzjbvq (17-24%) e„w× cvq | GQvov gvwUi cvwb aviY ÿgZv
(2.6-3.5%) DbœZ nq | ax‡i ax‡i iÜ« cwimi, gvV ÿgZv e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K
Ges g„wËKvi AvqZbx NbZ¡ Kg‡Z _v‡K | Ab¨w`‡K gvwUi Ee©iZv µgvš^‡q
DbœZ n‡Z _v‡K | GjvKv e„nËi h‡kvi (AEZ - 11)
mycvwik
K) RvZ
U‡g‡Uv: evwi U‡g‡Uv- 9
gyMWvj: evwi gyM -6
†ivcv Avgb: weª avb-32
L) Kl©b
ga¨g MfxiZvi Kl©Y (10-12 †mwg)
Mfxi
M) mvi
U‡g‡Uv: N230 P80 K100 S20 B2 kg/ha +
Cowdung 10t ha-1
gyMWvj: N21 P18 K18 kgha-1
†ivcv Avgb: N70 P30 K60 S20 Zn4 kg
ha-1

70
 GK bR‡i evwi
cÖPwjZ mbvZbx c×wZ‡Z (Indigenous method) cvnv‡oi Xv‡j Av`v,
njy`, KPz, avb Pv‡li d‡j g„wËKv Aeÿ‡qi cwigvY wba©viY
LvMovQwo A‡j (AEZ–29)
mbvZbx c×wZ‡Z (Indigenaus
method) cvnv‡oi Xv‡j (6-16%)
Av`v, njy`, KPz, avb (Szg) Pvl Kiv
n‡j †gŠmygx e„wói cvwb cÖev‡ni d‡j
cÖwZ eQi 22.7, 16.5, 12.0 Ges
7.9 Ub/ †n±i Ee©i g„wËKv (Top
soil) ay‡q Aeÿq nq | ay‡q hvIqv
D³ g„wËKvi mv‡_ †n±icÖwZ 153-
410 †KwR/†n±i ˆRe Kve©b, 16-40
†KwR bvBUª‡Rbmn Dw™¢‡`i Ab¨vb¨
cywó Dcv`vb AcPq nq |
cvnvox A‡j AwaK Xv‡j >10%
mbvZbx c×wZ‡Z Av`v, njy`, KPz
wKsev Szg c×wZ‡Z avb Pvl Kiv
g„wËKv I cwi‡e‡ki Rb¨ ÿwZKi|
D³ A‡j K›Uzzi, †UivwPs, g¨v_ Pvl g‡Wj Aej¤^b c~e©K K…wl KvR Kiv
we‡aq| DuPz Xv‡j dj I e„ÿ RvZxq Dw™¢` jvMv‡bv DwPr|
gvwUi wbgœ¯Í‡i (Sub soil) L‡oi Av¯ÍiY (Sub surface mulch)
cÖ‡qv‡M jeYv³Zv `~ixKiY I cvwb aviY ÿgZv e„w×KiY
AwaK jeYv³ gvwUi wbgœ¯Í‡i (50
†mwg Mfx‡i) †kl Pv‡li ci 5 †mwg
cyiæ‡Z¡i L‡oi Av¯ÍiY w`‡q gvjwPs
Ki‡j EaŸ©Mvgx ˆKwkKUvb n«v‡mi
d‡j D³ gvwUi jeYv³Zvi ZxeªZv
14-37% ch©šÍ Kgv‡bv hvq| Liv
†gŠmy‡g (gvP©-†g) †hLv‡b Av`©ªZv
byqv‡¼i (Wilting point) wb‡P P‡j
hvq †mLv‡b gvwUi cvwb aviY ÿgZv

71
GK bR‡i evwi
16-56% ch©šÍ e„w× Kiv hvq|
GgbwK Zxeª jeYv³ gvwU‡Z (EC
12-15 dS/m) †hLv‡b dmj
djv‡bv KwVb †mLv‡b wgwó Kzgov
RvZxq meRxi 10-12 Ub djb
cvIqv m¤¢e|
GjvKv: mvZÿxiv, cUzqvLvjx,
†bvqvLvjxmn DcK‚jxq AÂj|

jvBwmwgUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ km¨ mnM (Kc) wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g nvBweªW f‚Ævi

†m‡Pi cvwbi cwigvY wba©viY Ges Pzqv‡bv cvwb‡Z Dw™¢` cywó Dcv`v‡bi
AcP‡qi cwigvY cwigvcKiY
nvBweªW fyÆvi Rxeb P‡µi cÖv_wgK
ea©bkxj, †gvPvaviY I djb
ch©v‡qi km¨ mnM (Kc) h_vµ‡g
0.36, 0.84, 1.32 0.76 (K…wl
cwi‡ek AÂj -28) Gi Rb¨
wbwY©Z n‡q‡Q | Lwic-1 †gŠmy‡g
D³ km¨ mn‡Mi gvb
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg | km¨ mn‡Mi
gvb Gi mv‡_ D³ GjvKvi km¨
cÖ‡¯^`‡bi gvb e¨envi K‡i nvBweªW
fyÆvi †m‡Pi cvwbi cwigvY Rvbv
hvq| Lwid-1 †gŠmy‡g nvBweªW
fyÆvi †m‡Pi cvwb Pyqv‡bvi d‡j
wjUvi cÖwZ 1.28 wgwjMªvg
dmdivm, 13.89 wgwjMÖvg
cUvwkqvg, 32.64 wgwjMÖvg
mvjdvi AcPq nq |

72
 GK bR‡i evwi
K…wl cwimsL¨vb Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ (GGmAvBwmwU)
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU ‡`‡ki me©e„nr eûwea dmj M‡elYv
cÖwZôvb| G mKj M‡elYv Kv‡R msL¨vZ¡vwË¡K we‡kølY AZ¨vek¨Kxq nIqvq
M‡elYv Kv‡R cwimsL¨v‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| GB wefvM wewfbœ †K›`ª
wefv‡Mi M‡elYv Z_¨ DcvË we‡køl‡Y Kvh©Kvix f~wgKv ivLvi cvkvcvwk
¯^Zš¿fv‡e RwUj msL¨vZ¡vwË¡K we‡køl‡Y M‡elYv KvR Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| eZ©g‡b
wewfbœ dm‡ji Field plot technique, Sampling technique, Climate
change issue mn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© M‡elYv Kv‡R weÁvbx‡`i Pwn`v †gvZv‡eK wewfbœ
GbvjvBwmm †hgb RCBD, Split plot, Factorial, Regression,
Correlation, Multivariate analysis, Path analysis BZ¨vw` K‡i _v‡K|
G mKj GbvjvBwmm Kivi Rb¨ mvavibZ R, SAS, Cropstat BZ¨vw`
statistical software e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ GK
ai‡bi GKxf~Z †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v
hv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© I
Zrm¤úwK©Z mdUIq¨vi, Z_¨
msiÿY, wm‡÷g BZ¨vw` mgš^‡q
MwVZ hvi gva¨‡g GKRb
e¨enviKvix Lye mn‡R Z_¨ MÖnY,
msiÿY, mÂvjb I we‡kølY
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| eZ©gvb hyM n‡”Q
Z_¨ cÖev‡ni hyM| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wU‡U Z‡_¨i Aeva cÖevn I
¯^”QZv Avbvq‡bi wbwgË Dchy³ Z_¨ I †hvM‡hvM cÖhyw³ (AvBwmwU) cÖeZ©b
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gvb miKv‡ii †ek wKQz wfkb 2021 (wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k)
Gi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L weGAviB AvBwmwU msµvšÍ †ek wKQz Kvh©µg Pjgvb
i‡q‡Q|
weGAviAvB KZ…©K D™¢vweZ wewfbœ dm‡ji RvZ Ges cÖhyw³ mg~‡ni Z_¨mn
cÖwZôv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨ I‡qe †cvUv©‡j (www.bari.gov.bd)
wbqwgZfv‡e nvjbvMv` Kiv n‡”Q Ges RvZxq I‡qe †cvUv©‡ji m‡½ mwbœ‡ewkZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| I‡qe †cvUv©‡ji gva¨‡g †fv³v‡`i cÖhyw³MZ cª‡qvRbxq cÖ‡kœi
gva¨‡g B-K…wl e¨e¯’v Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|

73
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m¤úªwZ weGAviAvB D™¢vweZ cÖhyw³ mg~‡ni Z_¨ K…lK ch©v‡q mnRjf¨ Kivi
Rb¨ ÒK…wl cÖhyw³ fvÊviÓ bv‡g †gvevBj A¨vc&m ‰Zwi K‡i‡Q| g~jZ GwU
K…wl cÖhyw³ wfwËK GKwU †gvevBj G¨vwcø‡Kkb GB A¨vc&mwU ¯§vU© †dvb
e¨enviKvixiv Zv‡`i †gvevBj n¨vÛ‡m‡U eªvDR K‡i Z_¨ wb‡Z cvi‡eb| GB
A¨vcm&wUi gva¨‡g D™¢vweZ cÖhyw³, we‡kl K‡i ‡ivM evjvB, †cvKvgvKo I
mvi e¨e¯’vcbvmn mswkøó hveZxq Z_¨ cvIqv hv‡e| AwaKZi Z‡_¨i Rb¨
mswkøó cªhyw³ msµvšÍ cÖkœ Rvbv‡Z cvi‡eb Ges GmGgGm, B-‡gBj I
A¨vc&‡m DËi cvIqv hv‡e| cÖ‡qvR‡b mswkøó wekl‡Ái mv‡_ wd« K‡ji gva¨‡g
civgk© †bIqv hv‡e| d‡j D™¢vweZ cªhyw³mg~‡ni Z_¨ webvg~‡j¨, ¯^í g~‡j¨ I
mn‡R K„l‡Ki †`vi‡Mvovq ‡cŠuQ‡e| GB A¨vc&mwU BARI Application
ÒK„wl cÖhyw³ fvÊviÓ bv‡g Google play store n‡Z Android base
mobile G WvDb‡jvW K‡i AdjvB‡b e¨envi
Kiv hv‡e| ¯§vU© SHAREit Gi gva¨‡g
AdjvB‡b Ab¨vb¨ †gvevBj A¨vcmwU store Kiv
hv‡e|
GQvovI Online G ¯§vU©†dvb
(Android/windows/iOS) Gi eªDRv‡i
baritechnology.org/m wVKvbv †_‡K K„wl
cÖhyw³ fvÊvi kxl©K †gvevBj I‡qe A¨vcmwU
e¨envi Kiv hv‡e|
GQvovI BARI Gi D™¢vweZ wewfbœ Crop
variety Gi Z_¨ e¨e¯’vcbvi Rb¨ Online
based system development Gi KvR
Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|

B-Mfv©‡bÝ
B-Mfv©‡bÝ Gi AvIZvq evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU‡K †ccvi‡jm
Awdm Kivi Kvh©µg ïiæ n‡q‡Q| G j‡ÿ AÎ wefv‡M Management
Information System (MIS) j¨ve‡iUwi MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ j¨v‡e
cvuP gwWDj wewkó weGAviAvB Gi A‡Uv‡gkb mdUIq¨vi Gi gva¨‡g
B-Mfv©‡bÝ ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| Ges 9(bq) gwWDj wewkó
weGAviwmÕi mdUIq¨vi Gi gva¨‡g weGAviAvB cÖkvmwbK, Avw_©K, M‡elYv

74
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I †mevg~jK Kvh©µg B-Mfv©‡bÝ Gi AvIZvq Avbvi j‡ÿ GGmAvBwmwU
wefvM wbijm KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| GQvovI evwi kÖwgK e¨e¯’vcbv Software
‰Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g Bbw÷wUD‡Ui mKj kÖwgK‡`i †eZb wej,
ˆR¨ôZvi ZvwjKv Ges c~Y©v½ Rxeb weËvšÍ weGAviAvB Gi †bUIqvK©f~³
mKj Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K mve©ÿwYK Rvbv hv‡e|
AÎ Bbw÷wUD‡Ui mKj weÁvbx I Kg©KZ©v‡`i †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ weGAviB
Gi †Wv‡gBb (bari.gov.bd) †eBRW B-‡gBj e¨e¯’v Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|

‡bUIqvK© I †gB‡›U‡bÝ
‡K›`ªxq †bUIqvK© Gi
evwi kªwgK e¨e¯’vcbv
gva¨‡g cÖavb Kvh©vjqmn
QqwU AvÂwjK K„wl
M‡elYv †K›`ª Ges `yBwU
dmj M‡elYv †K‡›`ªi
cÖvq 600 Rb weÁvbx/ BDRvi‡bg:
Kg©KZ©v‡`i Rb¨ cvmIqvW©:
mve©ÿwYK B›Uvi‡bU jMBb
Kv‡bw±wfwU mPj ivLv
n‡q‡Q| GB AvUwU
ewn:‡K›`ª VPN (Virtual Private Netwark) Gi gva¨‡g cÖavb Kvh©vj‡qi
mv‡_ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi KvR ïiæ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b †nW †KvqvU©vimn
chv©qµ‡g mKj Awdm IqvB-dvB †Rvb Kivi m¤¢ve¨Zv hvPvB Kiv n‡”Q|

wRAvBGm I wi‡gvU †mwÝs cÖhyw³

GGmAvBwmwU wefv‡M wRIMÖvwdK¨vj Bbdi‡gkb wm‡÷g (wRAvBGm) I
wi‡gvU †mwÝs cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i M‡elYv Kvh©µg ïiæ n‡q‡Q| G j‡ÿ AÎ
wefv‡M wRAvBGm mn G‡MÖv-Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj wi‡gvU †mwÝs GÛ g‡Wwjs j¨ve
bv‡g GKwU j¨ve MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wRAvBGm g‡Wj Gi gva¨‡g K…wl
Rwgi cÖK…Z Ae¯’vb, ivmvqwbK ¸Yv¸Y I AvenvIqv Z_¨ we‡kølY K‡i †Kvb
Rwg †Kvb Pv‡li Rb¨ Dchy³ Zv wbiæcY Kivi M‡elYvi KvR Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
wi‡gvU †mwÝs cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i dm‡ji aviY I †kÖwYweb¨vm, bZzb K…wli
m¤¢vebv wbiæcY, dm‡ji Ae¯’v g~j¨vqb, dm‡ji AvMvg djb cwigvc welqK
M‡elYvi KvR Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|GQvovI weÁvbx‡`i Pwn`v †gvZv‡eK dmj
wfwËK wRAvBGm g¨vc ˆZwii KvRI Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|

75
GK bR‡i evwi
K…wl hš¿cvwZ
RbmsL¨vi e„w×i mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Lv`¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j K…wl hvwš¿KxKiY
Acwinvh©| †`Lv †M‡Q †h, Rwg‡Z kw³i e¨envi hZ ev‡o, km¨ Drcv`b ZZ
ev‡o| eZ©gv‡b wW‡Rj Bwćbi `vg Zzjbvg~jK Kg nIqvq †`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ
GjvKv‡ZI Pvlvev‡`i Kv‡R cvIqvi wUjvi e¨eüZ n‡”Q| †mw`K we‡ePbv
K‡i evwi weÁvbxiv cvIqvi wUjv‡ii eûgyLx e¨envi e„w×i Rb¨ †ek K‡qK
ai‡bi K…wl hš¿cvwZ, †hgb exR ecb hš¿, Avjy D‡Ëvjb hš¿, avb I Mg KZ©b
hš¿ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q| GQvovI evwi D™¢vweZ fyÆv gvovB hš¿, ïKbv Rwg wbovbx
hš¿, km¨ SvovB hš¿, Avjy †MÖwWs hš¿, Avg cvov hš¿, Avg †kvab hš¿ BZ¨vw`
K…lK ch©v‡q h‡_ó mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| evwi weÁvbxiv GLb ch©šÍ 34 ai‡bi DbœZ
Ges jvMmB K…wl hš¿cvwZ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q|

evwi D™¢vweZ wewfbœ K…wl hš¿

Dw™¢` kvixiZË¡
Rjevqy cwieZ©b mv‡c‡ÿ cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek mwnòz RvZ I cÖhyw³ D™¢ve‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ Pjgvb M‡elYv Kvh©µg Ges Dw™¢` kvixiZvwË¡K wewfbœ †gŠwjK M‡elYv
Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Kivi j‡ÿ¨ 9 †m‡Þ¤^i 2012 mv‡j Dw™¢` kvixiZË¡ wefvM
GKwU ¯^Zš¿ wefvM wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq| Dw™¢` kvixiZË¡ wefv‡Mi D‡Ïk¨
n‡jv wb¤œ ewY©Z M‡elYv Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv-
❀ Dw™¢‡`i e„w× I Dbœqb m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Kvh© Ges cÖwµqv (Function
and process) m¤^‡Ü AbymÜvb Kiv|

76
 GK bR‡i evwi
❀ wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †hgb- †mŠiwewKiY, cywó, cvwb BZ¨vw`i e¨envi
Kvh©KvwiZv (Use efficiency) e„w×i gva¨‡g Dw™¢‡`i mv‡jvK ms‡kølY
I Drcv`b ÿgZv Dbœqb Kiv|
❀ wewfbœ dm‡ji djb e„w×i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ kvixiZvwË¡K I
cÖvYivmvqwbK ˆewkó¨ wPwýZ Kiv|
❀ wewfbœ cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek †hgb- Liv, Rjve×Zv, jeYv³Zv I D”P
ZvcgvÎv mwnòz dm‡ji RvZ evQvBKiY |
❀ cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek Dc‡hvMx RvZmg~‡ni kvixiZvwË¡K I cÖvYivmvqwbK
ˆewkó¨ wbav©iY Kiv|
❀ Dw™¢‡`i e„w×, Dbœqb djb e„wׇZ LwbR cywó Ges ni‡gvb Gi cÖfve
wba©viY Kiv|

exR cÖhyw³
evsjv‡`k GKwU K…wl wbf©i †`k| G‡`‡ki g~j A_©bxwZ, Dbœqb meUvB wbf©i
K‡i K…wli Dci| GB Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î ex‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ mKj DcKi‡Yi †P‡q
†ewk| exRB n‡jv GKgvÎ †mB DcKiY hv gvbm¤úbœ bv n‡j Ab¨vb¨
DcKi‡Yi e¨envi djcÖm~ nq bv| K…wl †¶‡Î Dbœq‡bi aviv‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z
n‡j gvbm¤úbœ exR‡K ¸iæZ¡¡ w`‡Z n‡e Ges Gi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
ex‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i 1998 mv‡j exR cÖhyw³ wefvM bv‡g GB wefv‡Mi
Rb¥ nq| wewfbœ dm‡ji gvbm¤úbœ ex‡Ri Drcv`b, cÖwµqvRvZKiY Ges
msi¶Y I cÖhyw³ D™¢veb KivB G wefv‡Mi cÖavb KvR| M‡elYv Kg©KZ©v,
m¤cÖmviYKg©x I K…lK‡`i AvaywbK gvbm¤úbœ exR Drcv`‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq
civgk©, cÖwk¶Y I cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ wewfbœ mfv mwgwZ, †mwgbvi
wm‡¤úvwRqvg I cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb AÎ wefv‡Mi weÁvbx‡`i Ab¨Zg `vwqZ¡|
K…l‡Ki gv‡V exR Drcv`b Kvh©µg cix¶v, cwi`k©b QvovI cÖhyw³ n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii
Rb¨ †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j exR Drcv`‡bi AvaywbK Kjv †KŠk‡ji Dci gvV
w`em Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| exR cÖhyw³ wefv‡Mi Kvh©µg ïiæ nIqvi ci
†_‡K A`¨ewa GLv‡b Kg©iZ weÁvbxiv fv‡jv gv‡bi exR Drcv`‡bi Ges
msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ iKg cÖhyw³ D™¢veb K‡i‡Qb| K…lK ch©v‡q ex‡Ri
AsKz‡iv`M‡gi cix¶v, wewfbœ ex‡Ri m‡ZRZv cix¶v, e„wó‡Z wf‡R hvIqv Mg
exR wKfv‡e msi¶Y Kiv hvq, †djb, gyM, mqvweb BZ¨vw` dm‡ji exR ec‡bi
Ges KZ©‡bi mwVK mgq wbav©iY, wewfbœ dmj †hgb Pxbvev`vg, gyM, †Lmvix,
gmyi BZ¨vw` exR wn‡m‡e msi¶Y c×wZ| G¸‡jv exR cÖhyw³ wefv‡Mi
Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖwZdjb| wkg, U‡g‡Uv, wgwó Kygov, jvD, wgwó gwiP, †e¸b GB
dmj¸‡jvi exR Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î ¸iæZ¡¡c~Y© wKQy cÖhyw³ D™¢veb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

77
GK bR‡i evwi
Rxe cÖhyw³
evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi Pjgvb M‡elYv Kg©m~wP
†Rvi`viKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1998 mv‡j Rxe cÖhyw³ wefvM bv‡g GKwU m¦Zš¿
wefvM Pvjy Kiv nq| eZ©gv‡b GB wefv‡M †gvU 12 Rb weÁvbx Kg©iZ Av‡Qb|
c~‡e© GB wefv‡M ïaygvÎ D”P g~‡j¨i evwYwR¨K dm‡ji gvB‡µv‡cÖvcv‡Mk‡bi
Rb¨ wUmy¨ KvjPvi c×wZ AbymiY Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gv‡b GB wefv‡M cÖavbZ wZb
ai‡bi M‡elYv †hgb- wUmy¨ KvjPvi, †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Ges gvK©vi
A¨vwm‡÷W weªwWs Gi Dci M‡elYv Kvh©µg Pj‡Q|

AvaywbK gwjKzjvi †R‡bwUK I ‡R‡bwUK AvaywbK wMªb nvDR

BwÄwbqvwis M‡elYvMvi mg„× Awdm feb

m¤cÖwZ GB wefv‡M miKvwi A_©vq‡b GKwU AZ¨vaywbK M‡elYvMvi Ges

Uªv݇RwbK dmj M‡elYvi Rb¨ GKwU wMªbnvDR ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi d‡j
AvaywbK cÖhyw³ wbf©i wRb ¯’vbvš—i, gvK©vi A¨vwm‡÷W weªwWs I gwjKzjvi
K¨v‡iKUvivB‡Rkb msµvš— wewfbœ M‡elYv Kvh©µg mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ m¤úbœ Kiv
hv‡”Q|
weMZ `yB eQ‡i Rxe cÖhyw³ wefv‡Mi weÁvbxe„›` cvmwgW Kb÷ªv± D™¢ve‡bi
mÿgZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| bZybfv‡e D™¢vweZ †f±i Kb÷ªv± evwi gy³vwqZ wewfbœ
dm‡ji RvZ Dbœq‡bi M‡elYv I wRb ¯’vbvš—i c×wZi cÖ‡UvKj D™¢ve‡b
e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q|

78
 GK bR‡i evwi
km¨ msMª‡nvËi cÖhyw³MZ M‡elYv
km¨ msMÖ‡nvËi cÖhyw³ n‡jv K…wl cY¨mg~n msMÖn †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e
MÖn‡Yi c~e© ch©šÍ wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ˆeÁvwbK e¨e¯’vcbv hvi gva¨‡g K…wlcY¨
¸YMZ I cwigvYMZ ¶wZ †_‡K i¶v cvq Ges GB cY¨mg~n †_‡K `xN©¯’vqx,
¸Ygvbmg„× Ges my¯^v`y `ªe¨vw` cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| km¨ msMÖ‡nvËi
cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g wewfbœ Lv`¨ `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ I cywógvb ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq Ges
¯’vbxq ch©v‡q D‡`¨v³v ˆZwi I ‡eKviZ¡ mgm¨vi mgvav‡b we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gv‡b `vbvkm¨, ˆZjexR, Wvjkm¨, dj, dzj, K›`vj dmj
cÖf…wZ K…wl c‡Y¨i msMÖ‡nvËi cÖhyw³i wPÎ nZvkvRbK, hv g~jZ Pvlvev‡`i
Avw`g cš’v AbymiY K‡i, hvi Kvi‡Y cY¨mg~‡ni evwn¨K I ¸YMZ gv‡bi
e¨vcK Aebqb N‡U| GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq †`‡k `vbvk‡m¨i NvUwZ evwl©K
Drcv`‡bi kZKiv 8-10 fvM, †hLv‡b msMÖ‡ni wewfbœ ch©v‡q h_vh_
msMÖ‡nvËi cÖhyw³i Afv‡e Drcvw`Z Lv`¨k‡m¨i kZKiv 12-15 fvM bó nq|
Ab¨w`‡K GKB Kvi‡Y D`¨vb dm‡ji ¶wZ kZKiv 25-40 fvM| Avgv‡`i
†`‡k K…wl c‡Y¨i evwl©K Drcv`b 55.74 wgwjqb Ub Ges evwl©K ¶wZ cÖvq
9.93 wgwjqb Ub hvi Avw_©K g~j¨ cÖvq 5548 wgwjqb UvKv| ZvB wewfbœ dmj
Drcv`‡bi wecix‡Z msMÖ‡nvËi ¶wZi cwigvY Kwg‡q Avbvi Ici †ewk ¸iæZ¡
w`‡Z n‡e| cÖPwjZ cÖhyw³mg~‡ni Dbœqb Ges bZzb cÖhyw³ e¨envi evov‡bvi
gva¨‡g D`¨vb I `vbv k‡m¨i msMÖ‡nvËi ¶wZi cwigvY Kwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡e|
1987 mv‡j cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui km¨
msMÖ‡nvËi cÖhyw³ wefvM wbijmfv‡e wb‡`©wkZ dm‡ji msMª‡nvËi
¯’vbvšÍiKiY, cÖwµqvRvZKiY I msi¶Y wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i| eZ©gv‡b GB
wefvM g~jZ ZvRv I cÖwµqvRvZK…Z c‡Y¨i msMÖ‡nvËi ¯’vbvšÍiKiY
cÖwµqvRvZKiY msi¶Y, ¸Ygvb wbY©q I gvb mg„×KiY BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv
wb‡q weivgnxb M‡elYv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

wefv‡Mi Kg©cwiwa
❀ Avw`ó Kw…l c‡Y¨i ¯’vbvšÍiKiY, cÖwµqvRvZKiY, msi¶‡Yi bZzb cÖhyw³
D™¢veb I Gi e¨envi wbwðZKiY|
❀ `wi`ª K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ K…wl e¨emv I cÖwµqvRvZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g DcvR©‡bi
my‡hvM m„wó Kiv|

D‡Ïk¨
Lv`¨km¨ I cPbkxj k‡m¨i msMÖ‡nvËi ¶wZi cwigvY wbY©q Ges Zv Kwg‡q
Avb‡Z M‡elYvi AMÖvwaKvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘ZKiY

79
GK bR‡i evwi
❀ Lvgvi, e¨emvqx I we‡µZv ch©v‡q DbœZ cÖwµqvRvZKiY I msi¶Y cÖhyw³
Qwo‡q †`qv|
❀ ZvRv, cÖwµqvRvZK…Z I msiw¶Z K…wl c‡Y¨i ¸Ygvb wbY©q Ges DbœZ
cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Zv‡`i msi¶YKvj I gvb e„w×KiY|
❀ mnR cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g `wi`ª K…l‡Ki Avq e„w×KiY|

AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwY M‡elYv

evsjv‡`‡ki Lv‡`¨vrcv`b e„w× I Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ evjvB `gb
K‡i dmj iÿv Kiv Riæwi| evjvB‡qi g‡a¨ AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwY (Bu`yi,
cvLx I KvuVweovjx) gvV dmj Drcv`b Ges ¸`vgRvZ km¨ iÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î
GKwU cÖavb mgm¨v| wewfbœ ai‡bi AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cªvwY Øviv wewfbœ
dm‡ji ÿwZ mvwaZ n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU Gi
AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwY wefvM mgm¨v mgvav‡b KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| G‡`‡k
AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwYi wPwýZKiY, ÿwZi aib I cwigvY wba©viY Ges
h_vh_ `gb e¨e¯’v D™¢ve‡bi Dci M‡elYv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| AwbóKvix
†giæ`Êx cÖvwY‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v Bu`yi RvZxq cÖvwY, cvwL, wkqvj
Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¯Íb¨cvqx cÖvwY| evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷UwUDU G BD Gm
GB‡Wi (USAID) mnvqZvq Bu`yi mn Ab¨vb¨ AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwYi
M‡elbv Kg©KvÊ 1979 mvj †_‡K ïiæ nq| ZLb †_‡K Av‡gwiKvi Denver
Wild Life Research Centre G‡`‡k AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwY wefv‡M
M‡elbvi Rb¨ KvwiMwi I A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb K‡i| cÖKí
ev¯ÍevqbKvjxb mg‡q weÁvbxiv wewfbœ cÖRvwZi AwbóKvix †giæ`Êx cÖvwYi
wPwýZKiY, ÿwZi cwigvY wbiæcb Ges cªvwYi RxebPµ (Biology) Ges
cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯nvi wel‡q wKQz M‡elYv Kg©KvÊ cwiPvwjZ K‡ib| G
mn‡hvwMZv 1992 mvj ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| 1998 mv‡ji c~‡e© G wefvMwU‡K
KxUZ˦ wefv‡Mi Aax‡b GKwU kvLv wQj| cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv
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nq| AwbóKvix †giæ`Ûx cÖvwY wefv‡Mi cÖavb cÖavb Kvh©vejx:
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