University of Sargodha BS 7 Term Examination 2023 Subject: Physics Paper: Plasma Physics (PHYS-403) Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 i Note: yxi. wxii, xiii, wxiv. wv. xvi. Q.2. NQ3. Nea. Qs. OQ. ‘Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. (2*16) ‘What is the difference between plasma oscillations and electron plasma waves? What is thermonuclear fusion? Briefly describe beam-target mechanism, ‘Write two applications of atmospheric plasmas. Define the terms Parallel and Perpendicular. Briefly describe plasma approximation, What is the major difference between electric field drift and gravitational field drift? Briefly describe diamagnetic drift. How big is cyclotron frequency for proton if B = 1T? Is an ordinary wave a pure transverse wave? Explain? Why plasma can have saveral temperature at the same time? Why the Debye length is least than the plasma dimensions? Explain, What is difference between acoustic waves and ion acoustic waves? Justify your answer. Suppose magnetic field is along x-axis and a force is along y-axis, Draw paths of electrons and ions in this situation. For plasma of density » = 10" m lies? Calculate Debye length (Ao) for the earth's ionosphere, with density n =10'? m™ and temperature KTelevV. in what range of electromagnetic spectrum plasma frequency Subjective Part 3*16) Describe ion acoustic waves in collision less plasma consisting of isothermal electrons and adiabatic ions. Derive the dispersion relation governing the linear propagation using Poisson's equation. Why ion waves have a fundamentally different character from electron waves? Explain. Consider a magnetically confined plasma column, Let £ and B be uniform, but m and p have a gradient. Show that diamagnetic drift is given by KT 3xVn V,=te eB on illustrate physical reason of this drift with the help of diagram for both settee and ions. Prove that gradient in B (VB 1. B) introduces a drift given by: Vy = * Vr, PRB Consider electrostatic electron oscillations in the presence of externally apntied magnetic field. Obtain the dispersion relation when oscillations are perpendicular to the magnetic field, Discuss the cases, when B = 0, and when plasma density is zero. Based on the concept of Debye shielding develop expression for Debye length, and number of particles in Debye sphere Np.‘Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours Note: Q 1. ti v. ~vi. vii. \viii. Nix. vx, xi. xiii. xiv. wxv. xvi. Q2. Q3. Qa. 4Q.5. Q.6. powe University of Sargodha BS 7" Term Examination 2023 Subject: Physics ‘Paper: Statistical Mechanics (PHYS-401)_ Maximum Marks: 80 Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet, @t16) Entropy is a point function or path function. Define quasistatic processes. ‘What will be the value of cyclic integral of dQ/AT for a reversible cycle? Can two adiabatic curves intersect? Why we cannot apply Maxwell-Boltzmann statistic near absolute zero temperature? In Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution among Vav and Vrms which one is larger than other? Which type of statistical distribution is applicable for photons? Mention the conditions under which a gas can behaves as an ideal gas. What is the average kinetic energy associated with each degree of freedom? A six faced dice and a coin are thrown, Find the probability that the dice show an even number and the coin shows tail. Define partition function. ‘Which quantity is expressed by area under the Maxwell distribution curve? Define Fermi energy. Mention the spin of Bosons. What could you say about the thermodynamic probability of a system in equilibrium state? Nj 8 What are extensive variables? Subjective Part perature of a gas on the basis of kinetic theory of gases. (8+8) a) Give kinetic interpretation of te ‘of absorbed heat to a sink at 30°C, Find the temperature of b) A Carnot engine rejects 40% the heat source. sp* excitation using LS coupling scheme and show them schematically in order of increasing energy. (08) ™b) In CO the J = 0J = 1 absorption line occurs at a frequency of 1.15x10"' Hz. What is the bond length of the CO molecule? Reduced mass of CO molecule is 1.14 x 10% kg. (08) LK-01-02-4740-aso : * University of Sargodha BS 7" Term Examination 2023 Subject: Physics Paper: Quantum Mechanies-I (PHY-404) Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 Note: Objective partis compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part, Objective Part (Compulsory) Winte shor answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet, 216) palit se spherically symmetric potentials? Give an example, For j = 5 we have values of m and why. Qu jpg,_SMRIBY Feauited to ionize this electron Nix. How we represent quantum mechencal X- In case of exchange degeneracy, Determine whether the function ®(x,, Comment about the commutation of permutation operators Nhat are the conditions under which we use variational method? Explain briefly the valiity of WKB method. ‘What is Heisenberg picture? #2) = 4G ~ a3)? + 95 is symmetric or not Subjective Part #16) (02. 4) Explain Sterm-Gerlach experiment in detail 0 show experimental evidence of the spin. Also briefly explain the general theory of spin using this concept, ') Find the energy levels of a spin s = panicle ‘Whose Hamiltonian is given by Fe + 3 209 @ and f are constants. Are these levels degenerate? Q3. \g) Derive general treatment for solving time independent S of mass m moving under the influence ofa thee-dimensional system, also use these results to find the wave function and ener \¥) Find the degeneracy relation of a harmonic osei BY of rectangular box potential. (11) (05) O44) Using nondegenerate perturbation theory, find the frstorder corrections in energy and wave function (10) a) Use the WKB method to estimate the ‘energy levels of a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. (06) 5. 4) Considering the time dependent phenomena that are described by Hanlin which can be split into two parts, atime independent part ly and a time: dependent part P(t) that is small compared to A and A() = Ay + P(e). Find out the: xpressions for transition probability corresponding to a transi from an intial unperturbed state |) to another unperturbed state IY) (10) &) What i interaction picture? Derive the equation of motion fr the states vectors, Also calculate the equation of motion for the operators (06) Q6. 2) What do you mean by exchange degeneracy? Also explain the symmetrization postulate. (08) +) Find the scattering amplitudes of spinless particles, (08) ~~» LK-03-02-4782-ae BS 7" Term Examination 2023 Subject: Physies Paper: Solid State Physics-IT (PHYS-405) ‘Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 80 Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Qu. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet, +16) i. What do you understand by "Fermi Energy" and "Fermi surface"? ii, How will you illustrate the origin of band gap in band theory of solid? . Define density of state and write down its expression. iv, What are the main assumptions of Kronig-Penny Model? v. Write expression to determine the total effective number of free electrons in an energy band, State law of mass action for semiconductors. Why does the conductivity of a semiconductor change with impurity concentration? How the conductivity of a semiconductor differ from metal with changing temperature? Draw the energy level diagram for extrinsic semiconductors. Distinguish clearly between diamagnetism and Para magnetism. ‘What do you understand by magnetic susceptibility and permeability? How Cooper pairs are formed in superconductors? Give the principle of SQUID. Briefly explain piezoclectricity with the help of an example. xv. How does the critical magnetic field vary with temperature in Type-II superconductors? xvi, What do know about super currents? Subjective Part (3*16) 2. a) State and prove Bloch Theorem for an electron moving in one dimensional periodic potential. (10) ») Show that effective mass of electron in a crystal is given by m' = eal [where the symbols have their usual meanings. Also, show graphically the variation ofthe energy and effective mass with wave number k for the first allowed band in a sol (06) Q:3. 8) What are an intrinsic semiconductor and extrinsic semiconductor? Discuss variation of Fermi Level with temperature for an n-type semiconductor. (10) b) Ifo and o represents the electrical conductivities of a intrinsic semiconductor at temperature T; and T2, respectively. Then derive the following relationship (06) Fefa_ a 2\T 7 QA. a) Elaborate the basic concept of diamagnetism in solid? Using Quantum theory, calculate the diamagnetic susceptibility of solid placed in a magnetic field directed along z-axis. (10) b) An electron revolving around the nucleus in an orbit of radius 0.54A. The frequency of revolution is 6.5 x 10'* Hz. Determine the magnetic moment of electron. (06) Q.5. a) Derive the Clausius-Mossotti relation expressing relationship between dielectric constant and atomi¢ Polaris ability, (10) b) Explain the ferroelectric behavior of BaTiOs crystal, (06) Q.6. a) What are superconductors? Explain the difference between Type-1 and Type-II superconductors using the Meissner effect. (10) ) For a superconductor wire, the critieal magnetic field at OK is 65000 A/m and critical temperature is 7.2 K. Calculate critical current through the wire of radius 0.5mm at 4.18 K. (06) LK-08-02-4869 —University of Sargodha BS 7 Term Examination 2023 Subject: Physics P: :: Physics of Nanotechnolo; Puys-412) ‘Time Allowed: 02:30 Hours Maximum Marks: 8) Note: Objective part is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from subjective part. Objective Part (Compulsory) Qu. Write short answers of the following in 2-3 lines each on your answer sheet. (2416) i Q2. Q3. Q6. Define Nanotechnolog! How nanoparticles are different from macro objects ? Differentiate between positive and negative photo re Why insulating substrate is not suitable for Electron Beam lithography? Deseribe any one of the extraordinary property of grapheme. Define 2D nanomaterials by giving an exemple. How nanotechnology can address shortage of fossil fuel: What is major advantage of constant force mode over constant height mode in atomic Force microscopy? What important information List out the Applications 0 ‘To fabri why? What parameters limits the conductivity of graphene than its theoretical predicted high values? Classify the thin film deposition techniques? Whut type of resist is required in thermal Nano imprint lithography? What are three mode of working in atomic Force microscopy? Why do y an by clean room facility for nanostructures fi fraction data vut the sample, we can extract from x-ray di ‘anotechnology in medicine. ‘te nano structures of few nanometer size we will use which lithography technique and um Subject t — B*16) What is grapheme and how it was discovered. Describe at least three different properties of grapheme and its applications with respect to these three properties. (44646) What is Nano-imprint lithography (NIL)? Discuss Thermal nano-imprint lithography (T-NIL) and UV nano-imprint lithography (UV-NIL) by drawing schematic diagrams of different lithographic steps involved in both techniques. (24747) Discuss construction and working of DC magnetron sputtering technique in detail. Discuss at least three different factors eflecting deposition rate, What is major drawback of DC sputtering over AC Sputtering. (8+6+2) Describe Constant height and constant current mode of operation in scanning tunneling Microscope. Also discuss at least three factors, which can affect tunneling Current in scanning tunneling Microscope technique. Can we image insulating sample with scanning tunneling microscope? If not, why 1 (8+642) Deseribe the construction end working of scanning electron microscope (SEM) in detail. Discuss how we ean control magnification and resolution of this microscope. (1046) LK-06-02-4802 -.