effi* &**vffi*3

Edition 3.0 2011-04

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
WffireTffiffi
$ruYffiffiru&Y*ffiilq&tffi

Power transformers -
Part 1: General

Transformateurs de puissance -
Partie 1: G6n6ralit6s

.",r;tt1r'rh
*;""
i;':'
''i :::i
V*'t"t"
 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright @ 2011 lEC, Geneva, Switzerland
publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
All rights reserved. Unless otheMise specified, no part of thls
;nd microfilm, without permission in wriling from either IEC
or
any means, etectronrc or mechanical, including photoc;pting
lE6's member National Commitlee in the country of the requester'
obtaining additional rights to this publica-
lf you have any questrons about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about
or you, to.tt iiCmember'National Committee for further information'
tion, please contact the address below
partie de cette p.ublication n:-p-.":-t ctre reproduite
Droits de reproduction r6serv6s. Sauf indicatlon contraire, aucune
que ce soit et p.t .r.rn pibcede €lectronique ou m6canique' y compris la photocople
ni utilis6e sous quelque forme
de la CEI du pays du demandeur
et les microfilms, sans I'accord bcrit de la CEI ou du Comite national
questions sur le copyright de la cEl ou si vous d6sirez obtenir des droits supplementaires sur cette
si vous avez des la CEI de votre pays residence'
de
publication, utilisez les coordonnees ci-apres ou contactez le Comite national de

IEC Central Office

3, rue de Varembe
CH-1211 Geneva
20
Switzerland
Web. www.iec.ch

About the IEC prepares and publishes

The lnternatronal Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) is the leacling global organization that
International Slandards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications you have lhe
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the lEC. Please make sure that
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published'
. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The tEC on-tine Catatogue enabt&loi-i6leiafr-Ef alariety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,"')'
It also gives information on proiecls, withdrawn and replaced publications.
r IEC Just Published: www.tec.ch/online news/iustpub
Stayuptodateonatt@heddetai|stwrceamontha||newpub|icationsre|eased.Avai|able
on-line and also by email.
r Electropedia : www.electropedia.orq
The world''s teaOing;;lfiEJiAionailof electronic and electrical terms containing more lhan 20 000.terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivaient terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
I Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
lf you wish lo give us your feedback on ttxs puUication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer !;ervlce
Centre FAQ or contact us. , ' '
Email: [email protected]
Tel. +41 22 919 02 11
t "' '
Fax, +4122 919 03 00 ', .

A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrolechnique Internationale (CEl) est la premiere organisation mondiale qui elabore el publie
des normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait e l'electricite, e I'electronique et aux iechnologies apparenlees.
A propos des publications GEI
Le conlenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous
possddez l'edition la plus r6cente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir 6t€ publi€.
r Catalogue des publications de la CEI:www.iec.ch/searchpub/cur fut-f.htm
Le Catalogue en-ligne de la CEI vous perrnet d'efieCtuer des recherches en utilisant differents criteres (numero cle
reference, texte, comite d'etudes,...). ll donne aussi des informations sur les projets el les publications retirees ou remplacees.
r Just Published CEI: www.iec.chlonline news/iusipub
Restez informe sur les nouvelles puUiications de la CEl. Just Published d6taille deux fois par mois les
nouvelles publications parues. Disponible en-ligne et aussi par email.
. Electropedia: www.electropedia.orq
Le premier OictifrialreEn-iQ-i6Tf monde de termes electroniques et €lectriques. ll contient plus de 20 000 termes et
d6finitions en anglais et en frangais, ainsi gue les termes 6quivaients dans les langues additionnelles. Egalement appel€
Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International en ligne.
r Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv entrY-f.htm
Sivousdesireznousousivousavezdesquestions,visi1ez|eFAQ
du Service clients ou contactez-nous:
Email. [email protected]
+41 22 919 02 11
T61..
Fax +41 22 919 03 00

cusrorner serkan Koq - No. of user{s); 1 - compan5r: oZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Or<ler Ncr. WS-201 1,AAX| - iN4pORTANT: This fil'e is copyrighl ol lEC. Geneva, SwiizerianC. All ngnts teserve\:.
Tfrls {iie is sirbiect tr: i* licence aef eernerti. Enoiriries to Ernaii: austs€rvadiec.ch - Tei.. +41 22 919 {J2 11
 nffiffi ffi**xffi*$
Edition 3.0 2011-04

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
w&ffimww
XTfTYKT&TTQNAUW

Power transformers -
Part 1: General

Transformateurs de puissance -
Partie 1: G6n6ralit6s

lr'i"
.. .=,,$i
..., i l,i t'"I'
-'. 'ti'i;l-1'"'
INTERNATIONAL
t'*jt'
ELECTROTECHNiCAL
COMMISSION

COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
":5""'ff: Kry
rcs 29.180 lSBtl 978-2-88 912438-1
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011
-2-

FOREWORD

rQ
2 Normative references ..........'. """"'v
R
3 Terms and definitions........'... .R
3.1 General q
3.2 Terminals and neutral Point
' ,ln
3.3 Windings """-"" 'v
3.4 Ratlng """""""11
3.5 TaPPings """""' 13
3.6 Losses and no-load current """"""""'15
3.7 Short-circuit impedance and voltage drop. ...'..." """"""""""16
3.8 Temperature rise """"""""17
3.9 Insulation """""17
3.10 Connections . ............... """"'"""""""""'17
3.11 Test classification. """""""'18
3'12Meteorologica|datawithrespecttocoo|ing
3.13 Other definitions """"""""19
Service conditions
4.1 General """"""'20
4.2 Normal service conditions ...'.....'."..""'20
Rating and general requirements............. ..,"22
5.1 Rated power. .. .,... .."..'..'."'22
'...'..'.."'."""22
5.1 .1 Generat
5.1.2 Preferred values of rated power. ......-...-"..22
5.1.3 Minimum power under alternative cooling modes '.....:...'......-.-.-..'22
5.1.4 Loading beyond rated power. ................ .........-....--.--...23
5.2 Cooling mode .------.----.--.......23
5.3 Load rejection on transformers directly connected to a generator............. -..-'......--...23
5.4 Rated voltage and rated frequency .."'23
5.4.1 Rated voltage ..".....23
5.4.2 Rated frequency ..".....'..'..'..'.'..23
5.4.3 Operation at higher than rated voltage and/or at other than rated
frequency ......'.'......24
5.5 Provision for unusual service conditions '............'.)......'....'.--.'.24
5.6 Highest voltage for equipment U,n and dielectric tests |eve|s......... .-....'.'25
5.7 Additional information required for enquiry ...........,*..a-1!-r........--25
5.7.1Transformerc|assification..,......'.,.
5.7.2 Winding connection and number of phases ..............:i',.:-'.i.''....:. . .....'.....'."..".25
5.7.3 Sound level .......... ............i';,"f .'...................,..................26
5.7.4 Transport. '.,.......'..'.26
5.8 Components and materials ."...".'..'.'....,..'......--.'.'..'26
6 Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding .'........'.-.-..27
6.1 General - Notation of tapping range ....,.......'....--."27
6.2 Tapping voltage - tapping current. Standard categories of tapping voltage variation.
Maximum voltage tapping. ..-...-.--.....-....27
6.3 Tapping power. Full-power tappings - reduced-power tappings .......-.....30

cusromer: serkan KoQ - No. of Use($): 1 - company: oZGUNEY ELEKTR|K

Or<ler Nr:.: WS-201 1-01Q231 - ttltpORtRl.tt: This fil-e is copyright of lEC. Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserv€d
't -
'rr,,,-,t1t,.. ' - '
 60076-1 olEC:2011 -3-
.....31
6.4 Specification of tappings in enquiry and order
6.4.1 General 24
6.4.2 Constructional specification '-.. ."'.
32
6.4.3 Functional specification. ......-.....'.
32
6.5 Specification of short-circuit impedance ' JJ
6.6 Load loss and temPerature rlse
Connection phase displacement symbols
34
"""':""""""
7.1 Connection and phase displacement symbols infora three-phase transformers
and for single phase transformers connected three phase bank' """""""""""'34
7.1.1 Connection symbol """""""""'34
7.1.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation
35
7.1.3 Windings not intended to be loaded.
35
7 .1.4 Reconnectable windings . ....'........
35
7.1.5 ExamPles
7.2 Connection and phase displacement symbols for single phase transforlners
not in three phase bank """""""""""'37
7.2.1 Connection symbol """"""""""37
7.2.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation' """""38
7.2.g Windings not intended to be loaded """"'38
7 .2.4 Reconnectable windings . ............. """"""')""" """"""' 38
Rating plates """""""39
8.1 General """"""'39
8.2 Information to be given in all cases ....""":"""""'39
8.3 Additional information to be given when applicable....'-.... ...-..i'.-".""""""40
Safety, environmental and other requirements..... """""41
9.1 Safety and environmental requirements............... .-.-.""""""'"41
9.1.1 Liquid leaks. """""'41
9.1.2 Safety considerations ............ .-.'.'."""""""41
g.2 Dimensioning of neutral connection.............. .........42
9.3 Liquid preservation system ....""""'""'"42
9.4 DC currents in neutral circuits --...'.......43
9.5 Centre of gravity marking ..--..----.'...'-...43
10 Tof erances ".....'..'..----43
11 Tests .....-...44
11.1 General requirements for routine, type and special tests .--.-.:-..."""""""44
11.1.1 General .-..'..'...........44
11.1.2 Routine tests . ...'....:.-.'"'......46
i'..,

11 .1 .3 Type tests .--.--'.-..",.t)-:.''"""""""46

11 .1 .4 Special tests........... .... . :.-,:.-:...- .....--------..---.47

11.2 Measurement of winding resistance.......-......... ....-.;.n'..-'-.'-.-.-...-,.'....""" """47

11.2.1 General . --'-........,.. .....,'47
11 .2.2 Dry-type transformers............".. .'.'..--...."'-"47
11.2.3 Liquid-immersed type transformers .-.'.---.-48
11.3 Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement'........-..--'..--..-.'.......48
11.4 Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load 1oss..........-- -..---.-.".....48
11.5 Measurement of no-load loss and currenl. ................ ........-...-.1.... -....-.-----'.49
11.6 Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) on three-phase transformers..,......'.50
11.7 Tests on on-load tap-changers - Operation test. .-'.."..'.."-."'51

Customer: Serkan Koq - No. oi Use(s); 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order No.: WS-201 t-itOZSl - lwtpORtRnit: This fitb is copyrishr of lEC, Geneva, Swilzerland. Ali rights i"eserved
This file is suf.rjeci lo a l;oence agreerfienl. Enquiries to Ernbil. [email protected] - Tel.: +41 22919 {J2 11
 60076-1 @ IEC:
-4- 2011

test)"""""'51
11.g Leak testing with pressure for liquid immersed transformers (tightness
11.9 Vacuum deflection test for liquid immersed transformers ' """"""" """"'51
"""""""
11.10 Pressure deflection test for liquid immersed transformers'
""""52
,11.11 Vacuum tightneSs test on site for liquid immersed transformers' """"""53
11.12Check of core and frame insulation """""""""""53
12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) """"""53
13 High frequency switching transients...'...."""" """"""\""" """"""""'54
with enquiry and order """55
Annex A (informative) check list of information to be provided
with tappings """""""""'59
Annex B (informative) Examples of specifications for transformers
Annex C (informative) Specification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries "',"""""""""63
Annex D (informative) Examples of three-phase transformer connections """""" """"""""""64
Annex E (normative) Temperature correction of load loss """"""""""67
to transform-
Annex F (informative) Facilitres for future fitting of condition monitoring systems

Annex G (informative) Environmental and safety considerations......'..... ' """""""69

Figure 1 - Different types of voltage variation """"""""""'30

Figure2-|||ustrationof.c|ocknumber'notation
Figure 3 - lllustration of 'clock number'notation fortransformers with open windings....".'-...37
Figure 4 - lllustration of 'clock number' notation """""""""39
Figure C.1 - Example of specification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries - ...-.......'...--...63
64
Figure D.1 - Common connections ...........
Figure D.2 - Additional connections """"""""""'65
Figure D.3 - Designation of connections of three-phase auto-transformers by
co-nnection symbols (auto-transformer YaO) .

Figure D.4 - Example of three single-phase transformers connected to form a three-

phlse bank (connection symbol VOS).......... .'......:.."".'.""""'66
44
Table 1 - Tolerances
Table - Example of combined voltage variation
8.1 ....."" "60
Table 8.2 - Example of functional specification with HV voltage variation .............61

Table B.3 - Example of functional specification with LV voltage variation ..'..'...-":.....'......'.""62

Table F.1 - Facilities for condition monitoring .. ... ... ...... .........68

.".'',....'.'

\;

cilstofirer Serkan Koq - No. of Use(s): '1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Or<ler No. ws-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT; This file is copvrtqht of lEC, Geneva, Svritzerland' All rights reserved
' -.--i,: .
 60076-1 @ IEC:201 -5-
I NTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECH NICAL
COMMISSION

POWER TRANSFORMERS .
Part 1: General

FOREWORD

for standardization comprising

.1
) The International Electrotechnical commission (lEC) is a wolldwide.orqanization object of is to promole
ail nationat etectrorechnicat committees iric ttationat Committeei). The .IEC
standardization in the electiical and electronic fields' To
internationat co-operation on all questionr Specifications'
this end and in addition to other "on""rnlnl
activities, iEC puOfirn"s Inlernational Standards, Technical
(hereafter teletted to as "lEC
Technicat Reports, pubticty Available specitlaiionr (PAS) and Guides Com'mittee interesled
publication(s),,), Their preparation is entrusted toiecnnicit committees; any lEC.National
with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
in the subject cteatt
closely
governmental organizations lia-ising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates
determined by
with the International Organizatio-n for Standardization (lSO) in accordance with conditions
agreement between the two organizations
possible, an inlernational
2) The formal decislons or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation trom all
interested IEC National Committees
3) IEC publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC
Natiotll
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of
IEC
publications ts accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or lor any
misinterpretation bY anY end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparenily to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
betwien ani rgC pubtication and the corresponding nalional or reglonal pubtication shall be clearly indicated io
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certitication bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publicalion.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees lor any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costj (including legal fees) ard
expenses aiising oui of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
B) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenceu publications
is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the sub.lect
of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 60076-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14:
Power transformers.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1993, and
its Amendment 1(1999). lt is a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previ-
ous edition:
addition of a definition of harmonic content;
addition of a subclause on transport;
addition of functional method of specification;
addition of connection symbols for single phase transformers;
addition of safety and environmental requirements,
addition of requirements for liquid preservation systems;

Custonrer: Serkan Koq - No. of User(sj: 1 - Company'. OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK l

Orrier No.. WS-201 1-AA231 - lt'JPORTANT: This iiie is copyrighi of lEC. Geneva. Swiuerland. All rignls reservec
-iiis iile is subjeot ro a licefice aljreerrieni. Errquines to Enrail: [email protected] - lei.: +41 22819 {i2 11
 60076-,1 @ IEC:
-6- 2011

addition of a clause on DC currents;

addition of vacuum, pressure and leak tests on tanks;
text and Annex A
the requirements formerly in Annex A are now incorporated in the I

ts
now an. informative checklist;
informative annexes have been added on facilities for condition monitoring
and environmental and safety considerations'
The text of this stand is based on the follow rg documents:
FDIS

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report
on voiing indicated in the above table. i

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part2-

A list of all parts of the IEC 60076 series can be found, under the general title Pow-
er transformers, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
. reconfirmed,
. withdrawn,
. replaced by a revised edition, or
. amendeci.

$$\sso$${oq\h

Customer: Serkan Koq - No. of Use(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

Order No.: WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This fil'e is copyright of lEC, Geneva, $witzerland. All rights reserved-r
Thic filc ic ql lhiani ln a licenao .^raafranl trnnr r;aiao t^ E-^il, ;,,^r^^^,Ai^^ -L ?^r . ' t4 .4 ^4^ ^. 4 4
 60076-1 O IEC:2011 - r-
POWER TRANSFORMERS

1 Scope
(including
This part of IEC 60076 applies to three-phase and single-phase power transformers
of small and special transformers
auto-transformers) with th'e exception oi certain categories
such as:

single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kvA and three-phase
transform-
ers less than 5 kVA,
transformers, which have no windings wlth rated voltage higher than 1 000
V; -instrument transformers;
traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;
startin g transformers,
testing transformers;
welding transformers;
explosion-proof and mining transformers,
transformers for deep water (submerged) applications.

When IEC standards do not exist for such categories of transformers (in particular transformer
having no winding exceeding 1OO0 V for industrial applications), this part of IEC 60076 may
still be applicable either as a whole or in part.

This standard does not address the requirements that would make a transformer suitable
for mounting in a position accessible to the general public.
For those categories of power transformers and reactors which have their own IEC standards,
this part is applicable only to the extent in which it is specifically called up by cross-reference
in the other standard. Such standards exist for:

reactors in general (lEC 60076-6),

dry-type transformers (lEC 60076-1 1 ),
self-protected transformers (lEC 60076-1 3);
gas-filled power transformers (lEC 60076-1 5);
transformers for wind turbine applications (lEC 60076-16);
traction transformers and traction reactors (lEC 60310);
converter transformers for industrial applications (lEC 61378-1):
converter transformers for HVDC applications (lEC 61378-2).

At several places in this part it is specified or recommended that an 'agreement' should be

reached concerning alternative or additional technical solutions or procedures. Such
agreement is made between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The metters should
preferably be raised at an early stage and the agreements included in the contract
specif icatio n.

ili,rslcfner. Serran Kog - No. of User(si: 1 - Corn;:ariy: OZGaNEY ELEKTRIK

Orier \a. r\rs-2011-C1C231 - IMFORTANT: Thrs fite is copyright of lEC. Geneva, S#iizeflancl. Ail rlgiris ie.tt{!eJ,
(^-.
Tr,! -..i..,'.' rr -'1i,'. ' -:-
'.ia:..
 -8- 60076-1 @ 1Ec'2011

2 Normative references ,

of this document'
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application the latest edition
references,
For dated references, only the edition cited applies, For undated
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies'

transformers
lEc 60076- 2, Power transformers - Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed
fesfs and exter'
lEc 60076-3:2000, Power transformers - Part 3: lnsulation tevels, dielectric
nal clearances in air

IEC 60076-5:2006, Power transformers - Part 5: Abitity to withstand short circuit

IEC 60076- 10'.2001 , Power transformers - Part 10: Determination of sound levels

f EC 60076- 11'.2004, Power transformers - Part 11: Dry'type transformers

IEC 601 37.2008, lnsulated bushings for alternating vottages above 1 000 V

IEC 6021 4-1:2003, Tap-changers - Part 1: Performance requirements and test m,ethods

IEC 60296:2003, Ftuids for electrotechnical apptications - lJnused mineral insulating oils
for transformers and switchgear

IEC 60721-3-4'.1995, C/assification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Ctassification of

groups of environmentat parameters and their severifies - Section 4: Stationary use at non-
we ath e rp rotected loc ati o n s

f SO 9001'.2008, Quality managemenf sysfems - Requirements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Other terms use the meanings ascribed to them in the tnternational Electtotechnical Vocabulary (lEV)-

3.1 General

3.1.1
power transformer
a static piece of apparatus with two or more windings which, by electromagnetic
induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and current into another system of
voltage and current usually of different values and at the same frequency for the purpose
of transmitting electrical power

IEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-01-01, modified]

3.1.2
a uto-transformer
a transformer in which at least two windings have a common
part

llEc 60050-421 .1990, 421-01 -1 I l

NOTE Where there is a need to express that a transformer is not auto-connected, use is made of terms such
as separate winding transformer, or double-wound transformer (see f EC 60050-421 :1 990, 421-01 -131.

,.iusrorner. Serran Kor; - No. of User{s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Or<,'er No.: WS-201 1-A1A231 - IMPORTANT; This file is copyright of lEC, Geneva, Sw,tzerland. Ail rjghts reserved
Tiris file is subject lo a ilcence agreeneri. Enquiries to En'rail: [email protected] - Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
60076-1 o IEC:201' -9-
3.1.3
series transformer
a transformer, other than an autotransformer, of which one winding is intended to
be connected in series with a circuit in order to alter its voltage and/or shift its phase. The
other winding is an energizing winding

ll EC 60050 -421'. 1990, 421 -0 1 -12, modifiedl

NOTE Series transformers were called booster transformers in earlier editions of this standard.

3.1.4
liqu id-immersed type transformer
a transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are immersed in
lio u id

3.1.5
dry-type transformer
a transformer in which the magnetic circuit and windings are not immersed in an insulat-
ing liquid

ltEc 60050 -421'.1990, 421-01 -1 6l I

3.1.6
liquid preservation system
system in a liquid-filled transformer by which the thermal expanslon of the liquid
is accommodated.

NOTE Contact between the liquid and external air may sometimes be diminished or prevented

3.',r,7
specified value
the value specified by the purchaser at the time of or-
der

3.'t.8
design value
the expected value given by the number of turns in the design in the case of turns ratio
or calculated from the design in the case of impedance, no-load current or other Parameters
3.1.9
highest voltage for equipment U, applicable to a transformer winding
the highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system for which a trans-
former winding is designed in respect of its insulation

3.2 Terminals and neutral point I

3.2.1
terminal
a conducting element intended for connecting a winding to external conduc-
tors

3.2.2
line terminal
a terminal intended for connection to a line conductor of a net-
work

fl EC 60050 -421 :1990, 421 -02-011

3.2.3
neutral termi-
nal
a) for three-phase transformers and three-phase banks of single-phase transforniers:
the terminal or terminals connected to the common point (the neutral point) of a
star-connected or zigzag connected winding
 -
4n
tv - 60076-1 o IEC:2011

b) for single-phase transformers:

the termina'l intended for connection to a neutral point of a network
[lEC 60050 -421'.1990, 421-02-02, modified]

3.2.4
neutral point
the poini of a symmetrical system of voltages which is normally alzero poten-
tial

3.2.5
corresponding terminals
terminals of different windings of a transformer, marked with the same letter or correspond-
ing symbol

[l EC 60050 -421 :1 990, 421-02-03]

3.3 Windings
3.3.1
winding
the assembly of turns forming an electrical circuit associated with one of ,the volt;
ages assigned to the transformer
[lEC 60050 -421'.1990, 421-03-01, modified]
phase windlngs (see '3'3'3)'
N6TE For a three-phase transformer, the 'winding' is the combination of the

3.3.2
tapped winding
a winding in which the effective number of turns can be changed in
steps

3.3.3
phase winding
ihe assembly of turns forming one phase of a three-phase wind-
ing

[lEC 60050-421 1990, 421-03-02, modified]

NOTE The term 'phase winding' shoutd not be used for identifying the assembly of all coils on a sfecific leg'

3.3.4
high-voltage wind-
ing
HV winding*
the winding having the highest rated volt-
age

[lEc 60050 -421 .1990, 421-03-03]

. ..1.
3.3.5
low-voltage wind- ,'' .,, '

ing
LV winding* '

the winding having the lowest rated volt-

age {

lrEc 60050 -421 "1990, 421-03-041

'primary
The winding which receives active power from the supply source in service is referred to as a
power to a foab is a'secondary winding'. These terms.fave no signif-
winding,, and that which detivers active
in the context
icance'as to which of the windings has ine higher rated voltage and should not be used except
in the
of direction of active power flow-(see IEC OObSO-aZt:1990, 421-03-06 and 07). A further winding
60076-1 o IEC:2011 - 11 -
NOTE For a series transformer, the winding having the lower rated voltage may be that having the
higher insulation level.

3.3.6
intermediate-voltage winding*
a winding of a multi-winding transformer having a rated voltage intermediate between
the highest and lowest winding rated voltages
Il EC 60050 -421 :1990, 421-03-05]

3.3.7
auxiliary winding
a winding intended only for a small load compared with the rated power of the trqns-
former

ll EC 60050 -421 :1990, 421-03-081

3.3.8
stabilizing winding
a supplementary delta-connected winding provided in a star-star-connected or star-
zigzag-connected transformer to decrease its zero-sequence impedance, see 3.7.3

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-03-09, modified]

NOTE A winding is referred to as a stabilizing winding only if it is not intended for three-phase connection to
an external circult.

3.3.9
common winding
the common part of the windings of an auto-trans-
former ,

ll EC 60050 -421 :1 990, 421-03-1 0l

3.3.10
series winding
the part of the winding of an auto-transformer or the winding of a series transformer which
is intended to be connected in series with a circuit

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-03-1 1, modified]

3.3.11
energizing winding (of a series transformer)
the winding of a series transformer which is intended to supply power to the series
winding

Il EC 60050 -421 :1 990, 421 -03-12, mod ified]

3.3.12
auto-connected windings !.1
the series and common windings of an auto-trans- ,..','. ,r!
1'"
former ..:.
"t
"
.
3.4 Rating
3.4.1
rating
those numerical values assigned to the quantities which define the operation of the
transformer in the conditions specified in this part of IEC 60076 and on which the manufac-
turer's guarantees and the tests are based

3.4.2
rated quantities
quantities (voltage, current, etc.), the nunterical values of which define the
rau ng
 - 12 - 60076-1 e IEC:
2011

NOTE 1 For transformers having tappings, rated quantities are related to the principal tapping (see 3'5.2),
unless otherwise specified. Corresponding quantiiies with analogous meaning, related to othef specific
tappings, are called tapping guantities (see 3.5.9).

NOTE 2 Voltages and currents are atways expressed by their r.m.s. values, unless otherwise spebified.

3.4.3
rated voltage of a wind-
ing
ul
the voltage assigned to be applied, or developed at no-load, between the terminals of
an untapped winding, or of a tabped winding connected on the principal tapping (see 3.5.2)'
for a three-phase winding it is the voltage between line terminals

IlEC 60050-421.1990, 421-04-01, modified]

NOTE The rated vottages of all windings appear simultaneously at no-load when the voltage applie<l to one
1
of them has its rated value.

NOTE 2 For single-phase transformers intended to be connected in star to form a three-phase bank or to
be connected between 1,fi-e
line and the neu|,rXrt-q{g three phase system, the rated voltage is indicated as the

NOTE 3 For single phase transformers intended to be connected between phases of a netwotk, the rated
voltage is indicated as the phase-to'phase voltage.

NOTE 4 For the series winding of a three-phase series transformer, which is designed as an open winding
(see
r.ro.s), the rated voltage is indicated as if the windings were connected in star.

3.4.4
rated voltage ratio
the ratio of the rated voltage of a winding to the rated voltage of another winding associat-
ed with a lower or equal rated voltag

[l EC 60050 -421'. 1 990, 421 -04-02, modified]

3.4.5
rated frequencY
fl
the frequency at which the transformer is designed to oper-
ate

[lEC 60050-421 1990, 421-04-03, modified]

3.4.6
rated Pow-
er
sr
conventional value of apparent power assigned to a winding which, together \J'iith the
rated voltage of the winding, determines its rated current
NOTE Both windings of a two-winding transformer have the same rated power which by definition is the
rated power of the whole transformer.

3.4.7
rated current
Ir
the current flowing through a lrne terminal of a winding which is derived from rated power
S, and rated voltage Urfor the winding

I EC 60050 -421 .1ggo, 421-04-05, modified]

/. = =S'
"!3xU,

Custorner; Serkan K<.rE - l\o. oi User(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNFY FLEKTRiK

O;J;; ffi., wS-2Or t-dtOzZt - f',IPOhTANT; This filb is copyrighl o{ lEC, Geneva, S'{ittzertand' All_rrghls re';er"rec.
Tltis fiie iS SUbiect tO a liCence aOreemenl Fnrrtiiriesintrmai|Irrqlcprv/)ier t'h "f
at' +41 2) Q'A n) 14
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 - 13 -
NOTE 2 For single-phase transformer windings intended to be connected in delta to lorm a three-phase bank,
the r
rated current is indicated as line current divided by t3 ,

' 'line
t^
'
vJ

NOTE 3 For a single phase transformer not intended to be connected to form a three phase bank, the
rated current is

,s'l
I Llr
NOTE 4 For open windings (see 3.10.5) of a transformer, the rated current of the open windings is the rated
power divided by the numbe r of phases and by th'e rated voltage of the open winding:

r, =---jL *
No. of phases x U

3.5 Tappings
3.5.'t
tapping
in-a transformer having a tapped winding, a specific connection of that winding, represent-
ing a definite effective number of turns in the tapped winding and, consequently, a definite
tuins ratio between this winding and any other winding with a fixed number of turns
NOTE One of the tappings is the principal tapping, and other tappings are described in relation'to the
principal tapping by their respective tapping factors. See definitions of these terms below.

3.5.2
principal taPPing
ine tapping iowhich the rated quantities are relat- i

edi
fl EC 60050 -421 :1990, 421 -05-021

3.5.3
tapping factor (corresponding to a given tapping)

11. It
- factor)
$ltapping or 100 #(tapping factor expressed as a percentage)
U,- UI

where
tJ, is the rated voltage of the winding (see 3.4.3);
ud is the voltage which would be developed at no-load at the terminals of the winding,
" at the tapping concerned, by applying rated voltage to an untapped windin$
NOTE For series transformers, the tapping factor is the ratio of the voltage of the series winding cprresponding
to a given tapping to Ur.

[lEC 60050-421 :1990, 421-05-03, modified]

3.5.4
plus tapping
a tapping whose tapping factor is higher than
I

Customer: Serkan Koq - No. of User(s): 'l - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

Order No. : WS-201 1 -01 0231 - IMPORTANT: This.
fil'e is copvriqht
'4, -
of lEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved
Thi- Jir- ;^ ^.,L,,\-t.^ ,
^ -
 -14- 60076-1 @ IEC:2011

3.5.5
minus tapping
a tapping whose tapping factor is lower than
1

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-05-05] I

3.5.6
tapping step
the difierence between the tapping factors, expressed as a percentage, of two adja-
cent tappings
[l Ec 60050 -421 I s90, 421-05-061
"

3.5.7
tapping range
the variation range of the tapping factor, expressed as a percentage, compared with the
value'100'
NOTE lf this factor ranges from 1OO + a to 100 - b, the tapping range is said to be: +a o/o,
-b o/o o! la o/o, it a =
b.
Il Ec 60050 -421 1990, 421-05-07]
"

3.5.8
tapping voltage ratio (of a pair of windings)
the ratio which is equal to the rated voltage ra-
tio:

muttiplied by the tapping factor of the tapped winding if this is the high-voltage winding;
divided by the tapping factor of the tapped winding if this is the low-voltage winding
il EC 60050 -421'. 1990, 421-05-08l
NOTE While the rated voltage ratio is, by definition, at least equal to 1, the tapping voltage ratio can be
lower than 1 for certain tappings when the iated voltage ratio is close to 1.

3.5.9
tapping quantities
tnirie q-"uantities the numerical values of which define the duty of a particular tapping
(other than the princlpal tapping)
NOTE Tapping quantities exist for any winding in the transformer, not only for the tapped wincting (see
6.2 and 6.3).

The tapping quantities are:

- tapping voltage (analogous to rated voltage, 3.4.3),

- tapping power (analogous to rated power, 3.4.6); '

- tapping current (analogous to rated current, 3.4.7).

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-05-10, modified]

3.5.10 ,
futl-power tapping
a tapping whose tapping power is equal to the rated pow- ., .
0.,,1'
'.

[lEC 60050 -421'.1990, 421 -05-1 4]

3.5.11
reduced-power taPPing
a tapping whose tapping power is lower than the rated pow-

Ctsrorner: Serkan Koq - No. of User(s): 1 - Company: OZGI]NEY ELEKTRIK

a;d;;1..1f., w-S-iOr r-drOzSr - lMpOhrerur; This fit'e is copyrighl of lEC, Geneva,T':tSwjtzerland. All-rrghts reserved
LAt
Fnnilirioc rn trmall' i rerc'o..,6r;a^ '\ o'o nt r 4
This file is nrihiect !n n linenr:e enrpcmanl "
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 -15-
3.5.12
on-load tap-chang
er
OLTC
a device forrchanging the tapping connections of a winding, suitable for operation while
the transformer is energized or on load

[l Ec 60050 -421'.1990, 421 -1 1 -01)

3.5.13
de-energized taP-chang-
er
DETC
a device for changing the tapping connections of a winding, suitable for operation only
while the transformer is de-energized (isolated from the system)

3.5.14
maximum allowable tapping service voltage
the voltage at rated frequency a transformer is designed to withstand continuously
without damage at any particular tap position at the relevant tapping power
NOTE 1 This voltage is limited by Ur. I

NOTE 2 This voltage will normally be limited to 105 % of the rated tapping voltage unless a higher voltage is
required by the purchaser's specifiiation of the tapping (see 6.4) either explicitly or as a result of a specification
according io 6.a.2.
I

3.5 Losses and no-load current

NOTE The vatues are related to the principal tapping (see 3.5.2), unless anothertapping is specifically stated.

3.6.1
no-load loss
the active power absorbed when a rated voltage (tapping voltage) at a rated frequency
is apptied to the terminals of one of the windings, the other winding or windings being
open-circuited

fl EC 60050-421'.1990, 421-06-01, modifiedl

3.6.2
no-load current
the r.m.s. vatue of the current flowing through a line terminal of a winding when rated
voltage (tapping voltage) is applied at a ratel frequency to that winding, the other winding or
windings being oPen-circuited
NOTE 1 For a three-phase transformer, the value is the arithmetic mean of the values of current in the three
lines.

NOTE 2 The no-toad current of a winding is often expressed as a percentage of the tated current of that
power'
winding. For a multi-winding transformer, Ihis percentage is referred to the winding with the highestrraled

[lEC 60050-421.1990, 421-06-02, modified]

3.6.3
load loss
the absorbed active power at a rated frequency and reference temperature (see
1l 1), associated with a pair of windings when rated current (tapping current) is flowing
through the line terminals of one of the windings, and the terminals of the other wind-
ing aie short-circuited. Further windings, if existing, are open-circuited
NOTE For a two-winding transformer, there is only one winding combination and one value of lpad loss' For a
i
multi-winding transformer, there are several valuei of load loss corresponding to the different two-winding
combinationi (see Clause 7 of IEC 60076-8:1997). A combined load loss figure for the complete transformer is
referred to a specified winding load combination. In general, it is usually not accessible for direct measurement
in
testi ng.

austonler: Serkan Kog - No. of User(s): 1 - Company: OZGTJNEY ELEKTRIK

O;;;; N;., rrJS-iOl-drozSr - t[lpOnrnNT: This fiti: is copyright of lEC,, Genev?-, Switzeriand. All rights reserved.
 - 16 - 60076-1 O IEC:
201 1

NOTE 2 When the windings of the pair have difierent rated power values, the load loss is referred to rated
current in the winding with the lower rated power and the reference power should be mentioned.

3.6.4
total losses
the sum of the no-load loss and the load
loss

NOTE The power consumption of the auxiliary plant is not included in the total losses and is staied separately.

IlEC 60050-421.1990, 421-06-05, modifiedi

3.7 Short-circuit impedance and voltage drop

3.7.1
short-circuit impedance of a pair of windings
the equivalent series impedance Z = R + jX, in ohms, at rated frequency and ref'
erence temperature, across the terminals of one winding of a pair, when the terminals of
the other winding are short-circuited and further windings, if existing, are open-circuited:
for a three-phase transformer the impedance is expressed as phase impedance
(equivalent star connection)
NOTE 1 In a transformer having a tapped winding, the short-circuit impedance is referred to a particular
tapping. Unless otherwise specified, the principal tapping applies.

NOTE 2 This quantity can be expressed in relative, dimensionless form, as a fraction z of the refer-
ence impedance Ztet, of the same winding of the pair. In percentage notat,0n:
z
z=i00]
" tel

where

tt2
Z,* = (formula valid for both three-phase and single-phase transformers);
?
U is the voltage (rated voltage or tapping voltage) of the winding to which Zand 2,", belong;

S. is the reference value of rated power.

The relative value is also equal to the ratio between the applied voltage during a short-circuit measurement which
causes the relevant rated current (or tapping current) to flow, and rated voltage (or tapping voltage). This applied
voltage is referred to as the short-circuit voltage (lEC 60050-421:1990,421-07-01) ol the \ai oI windings. lt is
normally expressed as a percentage.

Il EC 60050 -421'. 1 990, 421 -07 -02, modified]

I

3.7.2
voltage drop or rise for a specified load condition
the arithmetic difference between the no'load voltage of a winding and the voltage devel-
oped at the terminals of the same winding at a specified load and power factor, the voltage
supplied to (one of) the other winding(s) being equal to:
its rated value if the transformer is connected on the principal tapping (the no-load
voltage of the winding is then equal to its rated value);
the tapping voltage if the transformer is connected on another tapping.
This difference is generally expressed as a percentage of the no-load voltage of the winding
NOTE For multi-winding transformers, the voltage drop or rise depends not only on the load and power faclor
of the winding itself, but also on the load and power factor of the other windings (see IEC 60076-8)- ,

IlEc 60050-421.1990, 421-07-03]

Cirsrorner: Serkan Kog - No. of User(s): 1 - CornSsany: OZGUNEY ELSKTRIK

Or<ler Ncr.: WS,201 1-610231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copynght of lEC. Geneva, S!'rrt7-erlanc. All ilgnls {eset\/sa
/:\:^"-H i"t
:""'^'
liriqlileiqqrrhia.ttnal!.aneai^radrna^t F-^I'i';6F t^s-'-t'' ^A '\'\A4t\t\t'<'
 60076-1 o IEC:201'1 -17 -
3.7.3
zero-sequence impedance (of a three-phase winding)
the impedance, expressed in ohms per phase at rated frequency, between the line terrni-
nals of a three-phase star-connected or zigzag-connected winding, connecterj together,
and its neutral terminal

[lEC 60050-421 :1990, 421 -07 -04, modified]

NOTE 1 The zero-seguence impedance may have several values because it depends on how the terminals ot
the other winding or windings are connected and loaded.

NOTE 2 The zero-sequence impedance may be dependent on the value of the current and the temper-
ature, particularly in transformers without any delta-connected winding.
NOTE 3 The zero-sequence impedance may also be expressect as a relative value in lhe same way as
the (positive sequence) short-circuit impedance (see 3.7.1).

3.8 Temperature rise

The difference between the temperature of the part under consideration and the temper-
ature of the external cooling medium (see IEC 60076-2)

[lEC 60050-421.1990, 421-08-01, modified]

3.9 Insulation
For terms and definitions relating to insulation, see IEC 60076-3.

3.10 Connections
3.10.1
star connection
the winding connection so arranged that each of the phase windings of a,,three-
phase transformer, or of each of the windings for the same rated voltage of sin-
gle-phase transformers associated in a three-phase bank, is connected to a common point
(the neutral point) and the other end to its appropriate line terminal

[lEC 60050-421.1990, 421-10-01 , modified]

NOTE Star connection is sometimes referred to as Y-connection.

3.10.2
delta connection
the winding connection so arranged that the phase windings of a three-phase transformer,
or the windings for the same rated voltage of single-phase transformers associated in a
three-phase bank, are connected in series to form a closed circuit

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-1 0-02, modified]

NOTE Delta connection is sometimes referred to as D-connection.

3.10.3
open-delta connection
the winding connection in which the phase windings of a three-phase transformer, or
the windings for the same rated voltage of single-phase transformers associated in a three-
phase bank, are connected in series without closing one corner of the delta

[lEc 60050 -421.1gg0, 421-1 0-03]

ajlrslofiler. Serkan Koi - No. oi Userts): i - Ccmpany: OZGUNEY EL€KTRiK

iircer No..'/'lS-201 1 -C1 0231 - IMPORTANT] This file ;s-copyr'ght of IEC-. Genevq, Svi;tzefi_and. All rlghis reservec
t:-
 - 18 - 60076-1 @ IEC:
2011

3.10.4
zigzag connec-
tion
Z-connection
a winding connection consisting of two winding secttons, the first section connected in
star, the second connected in series between the first section and the line terminals:
the two sections are arranged so that each phase of the second section is wound on a
different limb of the transformer to the part of the first section to which it is connected
NOTE See Annex D for cases where the winding sections have equal voltages.

3.10.s
open windings
the phase windings of a three-phase transformer which are not interconnectpd within
the transformer
[lEC 60050-421 1990, 421-1 0-05, modified]
3.10.6
phase displacement (of a three-phase winding)
ifre angular difference between the phasors iepresenting the voltages between the neutral
point (ieal or imaginary) and the corresponding terminals of two windings, a positive-
sequence voltage system being applied to the high-voltage terminals, following each other
in alphabetical sequence if they are lettered, or in numerical sequence if they are numbered;
the phasors are assumed to rotate in a counter-clockwise sense

[lEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-1 0-08, modified]

NOTE 1 See Clause 7 and Annex D.

NOTE 2 The high-voltage winding phasor is taken as reference, and the displacement tor any other winding is
conventionally eipressed'by the 'c-lock notation', that is, the hour indicated by the winding phasor when the H.V.
winding phasor is at 12 o'clock (rising numbers indicate increasing phase lag).

3ia^7
connection symbol ,

a conventional notation indicating the connections of the high-voltage, intermediate-voltage

(if any), and low-voltage windings and their relative phase displacement(s) expressed
as a combination of letters and clock-hour figure(s)
IlEC 60050-421'.1990, 421-1 0-09, modified]
3.11 Testclassification
3.11.1
routine test
a test to which each individual transformer is subject-
erl

3.11.2
type test
a test made on a transformer which is representative of other transformers, to demon-
strate that these transformers comply with the specified requirements not covered by the
routine tests: a transformer is considered to be representative of others if it is built to
the same drawings using the same techniques and materials in the same factory
NOTE 1 Design variations that are clearly irrelevanl to a particular type test would not require that type test to
be reoeated.

NOITE 2 Design variatrons that cause a reduction in values and stresses relevant to a parrrcular type test do
not require a new type test if accepted by ihe purchaser and the manufacturer.

NOTE 3 For transformers below 20 MVA and tJn < 72,5 kV significant design variations may bp acceptable
if supported by demonstration of compliance with type test requirements.

Ci,srorrrer. Serkari Koq - f"ro. of Userisi: 1 - Cr;rrtuanv OZGUNEY Fi.FKTRIK

 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 - 19 -
3,',|1.3
special test
a test other than a type test or a routine test, agreed by the manufacturer and the
purchas-
er
NOTE Special tests can be carried out on one transformer or all transformers of a particular design, as
specified by the purchaser in the enquiry and order for every special test,

3.'r2 Meteorological data with respect to cooling

3.12.'l
temperature of cooling medium at any time
the maximum temperature of the cooling medium measured over many years

3.12.2
monthly average temPerature
half the sum of the average of the daily maxima and the average of the daily minima during
a particular month over many Years
3.12.3
yearly average temPerature
one-twelfth of the sum of the monthly average tempera-
tures

3.13 Other definitions

3.13.',,
load current
the r.m.s. value of the current in any winding under service condi-
tions

3.13.2
total harmonic content
the ratio of the effective value of all the harmonics to the effective value of the fundamen-
tal (E1, /1)
li =n
,,/EE,i
J (for voltage)
-
El

I i=n
/S r?
\li4''
total harmonic content (for current)
ll

Ei represents the r.m.s. value of voltage of the ln harmonic

/, represents the r.m.s. value of current of the ln harmonic

3.13.3
even harmonic content
the ratio of the effective value of all the even harmonics to the effective value of
the fundamental (E.', /.')
r:^
even harmonic content = ,lzr:, (for vottage)
-r- L

Ci'rstonrer: Serkan Koq - No. of User(s); 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELcKTRIK

O;;;; N;., w-S-2Or t-dtOzSt-- rmFOninruf; This fitb is_copyright ol lEC,6eneva, Swilzerland. All rights reserved
 -20- 60076-1 0 lEc -2011

even harmonic content = (for current)

E, represents the r.m.s. value of voltage of the i'n har-

monic /, represents the r.m.s. value of current of the i'n
harmonic

4 Service conditions
4.1 General
The service conditions set out in 4.2 represent the normal scope of operation of a transformer
specified to this standard. For any unusual service conditions which require special
consideration in the design of a transformer see 5.5. Such conditions include high altitude,
extreme high or low external cooling medium temperature, tropical humidity, sei'smic activity,
severe contamination, unusual voltage or load current wave shapes, high solar radiation and
intermittent loading. They may also Concern conditions for shipment, storage and installation,
such as weight or space limitations (see Annex A).

Supplementary rules for rating and testing are given in the following publications:

temperature rise and cooling in high external cooling medium temp^erature or at

high altitude: IEC 60076-2 for liquid-immersed transformers, and IEC 60076-11 for
dry-type transformers,
external insulation at high altitude: IEC 60076-3 for liquid-filled transformers,
and
IEC 60076-11 for dry-type transformers.

4.2 Normal service conditions

This part of IEC 60076 gives detailed requirements for transformers for use under
the following conditions:
a) Altitude
A height above sea-level not exceeding 1 000 m
b) Temperature of cooling medium
The temperature of cooling air at the inlet to the cooling equipment not exceeding:
40 'C at anY time;
30 'C monthly average of the hottest month;
20 "C yearlY average.
and not below:
-25 "C in the case of outdoor transformers;
.C in the case of transformers where both the transformer and cooler'are intend-
-S
ed for installation indoors.
At any time, monthly average and yearly average are defined in 3.12.
The purchaser may specify a higher minimum temperature of cooling medium in which
case the minimum iemperaiure oicooling medium shall be stated on the rating plate-
NOTE
does nol
1 This paragraph above is intended to allow the use of an alternative insulaling liquid which 'C is not
meet minimum temferature requirements in circumstances where the minimum temperat!re of -25
appropnate.
For water-cooted transformers, a temperature of cooling water at the inlet not exceeding:
25 "C at anY time;
20 "C yearly average.
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 -21 -
At any time and yearly average are defined in 3 12.
Further limitations, with regard to cooling are given for:
liquid-immersed transformers in tEC 60076-2:
dry-type transformers in IEC 60076-11.
NOTE 2 For transformers with both airlwater and water/liquicl heat exchangers, the temperature of cool-
ing medium refers to the external air temperature rather than the \^/ater temperature in the intermedtate
circuit which may exceed the normal value
NOTE 3 The relevant iemperature is at the inlet to the cooling equipment rather than lhe outsrde air
temperature, this means that the user should take care that if the installation can cteate conditions
where air
recirculation from the output of the cooler can occur, that this is taken inlo account when assessing the cooling
arr temoerature.

c) Wave shape of suPP|Y voltage

A sinusoidal supply voltage with a total harmonic content not exceeding 5 %' and an
even harmonic content not exceeding 1 %.
d) Load current harmonic content
Total harmonic content of the load current not exceeding 5 % of rated current.
NOTE 4 Transformers where total harmontc content of the load current exceeds 5
o/o oI rated current, or
transformers specifically intended to suppiy power electronic or rectifier loads should be specified according
to
IEC 61378 series.

NOTE 5 Transformers can operate at rated current without excessive loss of life with a
qurrent harmonic
content of less lhan 5 eh, however it should be noted that the temperature rise will increase for any harmonrc
loading and may exceed rated rise.
e) Symmetry of three-phase supply voltage
For three-phase transformers, a set of three-phase supply voltages which are
approximately symmetrical. Approximately symmetrical shall be taken to mean that the
highest phase to phase voltage is no more than 1 % higher than the lowest phase to
phlse vottage conlinuorsty oiZ % higher for short periods (approximately 30 min) under
exceptional conditions.
f) Installationenvironment
An environment with a pollution rate (see IEC 60137 and IEC/TS 60815) that does not
require special consideration regarding the external insulation of transformer bushings or
of the transformer itself.
An environment not exposed to seismic disturbance which would require special
consideration in the design. (This is assumed to be the case when the ground acceleration
level an is below 2 ms-2 or approximately 0,2 g') See IEC 60068-3-3

Where the transformer is installed in an enclosure not supplied by the transformer

manufacturer remotely from the cooling equipment, for example in an acoustic enclosure,
exceeding 40 oC at any time'
the temperature of the air surrounding ihe transformer is not

Environmental conditions within the following definitions according to IEC 60721-3-4.1995"

climatic conditions 4K2 except that the minimum external cooling medium temper-
ature is -25 oC,
special climatic conditions 422, 424, 427',
I
biological conditions 4Bl ;

chemically active substances 4C2;

mechanically active substances 4S3;
mechanical conditions 4M4.
For transformers intended to be installed indoors, some of these environment'al condi-
tions may not be aPPlicable.

Cuslr:rner. Serkan Kog - No- of User(s): i - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

,.:iJei lto., wS-ZOt r-drOzSr - TMPORTANT: This filb is copyrighl cf lEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rignts.eserv€c
iiig ic cr,hiarf i^ . l;^d-,',) r^
c'^"i';" 7
s-"ir- -'^^'" 'a:^"
T|,;*
 - zz- 60076-1 I IEC:'2011

5 Rating and general requirements

5.1 Rated power

5.1.1 General
The rated power for each winding shall either be specified by the purchaser or the purchaser
shall provide sufficient information to the manufacturer to determine the rated power at the
enqurry stage.

The transformer shall have an assigned rated power for each winding which shall be marked
on the rating plate. The rated power refers to continuous loading, This is a reference value for
guarantees and tests concerning load losses and temperature rises.

lf differeni values of apparent power are assigned under different circumstances, for exarn-
pte, with different methods of cooling, the highest of these values is the rated power.

A two-winding transformer has only one value of rated power, identical for both windings.

For multi-winding transformers, the purchaser shall specify the required power-
loading combinations, stating, when necessary, the active and reactive outputs separately.
When the transformer has rated voltage applied to a primary winding, and rated current flows
through the terminals of a secondary winding, the transformer receives the relevant rated
power for that pair of windings.

The transformer shall be capable of carrying, in continuous service, the rated power (for a
multi-winding transformer: the specified combination(s) of winding rated power(s)) under
conditions tisteO in Clause 4 and without exceeding the temperature-rise limitations specified
in IEC 60076-2 for liquid immersed transformers.

NOTE 1 The interpretation of rated power according to this subclause implies that it is a value of apparent
power input to the transformer - including its own absorption of active and reactive power. The apparent power
that the transformer delivers to the circuit connected to the terminals of the secondary winding under rated
loading differs from the rated power. The voltage across the secondary terminals differs from rated voltage by the
voltag- drop (or rise) in the transformer. Allowance for voltage drop, with regard to lo€d power factor, is made in
the specification of the rated voltage and the tapping range (see Clause 7 ol IEC 60076-8:1997).

Nattonal practices may be different.

NOTE 2 For a multi-winding transformer, half the arithmetic sum of the rated power values of all windings
(separate windings, not auto-connected) gives a rough estimate of its physical size as compared with a two-
winding transformer. r

5.1.2 Preferred values of rated power

For transformers up to 20 MVA, values of rated power should preferably be taken from
the R10 series given in ISO 3.1973, Preferred numbers - series of preferred numbers'.
( 100, 125,160, 200, 250,31s, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1 000, etc.) kVA.
NOTE National practices may be different.

5.1.3 Minimum power under alternative cooling modes

Where the user has a particular requirement for a minimum power under a particular
coolrng mode other than the cooling mode for rated power, this shall be stated in the enquiry.

The transformer shall be capable of carrying, in conttnuous service, the specified

minimum power (for a multi-winding transformer: the specified combination(s) of winding
rated power(s)

-rrsi.'r|ner. Serkan Ko; - N.;. of User{.si: i - Ca|npatry'. OZGi;t',tE I IIEKTRIK

lrcr:r. l\cr.: \ryS-201 t-itAZZI - !l'IPORTAI'.IT: This fiib is copyrighl of lEC, Geneva, Sviitz*riafiC. Ati rignls {esefted
 60076-1 O IEC:2011 - 23 -
under conditions listed in Clause 4, and under the specified cooling mode, without
exceeding the temperature-rise limitations specified in IEC 60076-2 for liquid imrnersed
transformers.
NOTE An example of this is where the transformer is required to operate at a particular minimum percentage
of rated power with the forced cooling out of service (ONAN) 10 allow for the loss of auxiliary supply

5.1.4 Loading beyond rated power

A transformer and its component parts in accordance with this standard is able under sorne
circumstances to catry loading beyond rated power. The method lor calculating the
permissible loading can be found in IEC 60076-7 for liquid immersed transfoimers and in
IEC 60076-12 for dry-type transformers.

Any specific requirements for loading beyond rated power, operation at higher external
cooling medium temperatures or reduced temperature rise limits shall be spdcified by the
purchaser in the enquiry and the contract. Any additional tests or calculations required to
verify compliance with these specific requirements shall also be specified,
NOTE 1 This option is intended to be used in particular to give a basis for design and gua.antees concern-
ing temporary emergency loading of power transformers.

The bushings, tap-changers, current transformers and other auxiliary equiprnent shall
be selected so as not to restrict the loading capabiiity of the transformer.
NOTE 2 The relevant component standards IEC 60137 for bushings and IEC 60214-1 for tap-chEngers should
be consulted for the loading capability of those components.

NOTE 3 These requirements do not apply to transformers for special applications, which do not need a load-
ing capability beyond rated power. For these transformers, if such a capability is reguired, it should be specified.

5.2 Cooling mode

The user shall specify the cooling medium (air or water).

lf the user has particular requirements for the cooling method(s) or cooling equipment,
this shall be stated rn the enquiry.
For additional information see IEC 60076-2.

5.3 Load rejection on transformers directly connected to a generator

Transformers intended to be connected directly to generators in such a way that,they may be
subjected to load rejection conditions shall be able to withstand 1,4 times rated voltage for 5 s
at the transformer terminals to which the generator is to be connected.

5.4 Rated voltage and rated frequency

5.4.1 Rated voltage
The rated voltage shall either be specified by the purchaser or for special applications the
purchaser shall provide sufficient information to the manufacturer to determine the rated
voltage at the enquiry stage.

The transformer shall have an assigned rated voltage for each winding which shall be
marked on the rating plate.

5.4.2 Rated frequency

The rated frequency shall be specified by the purchaser to be the normal undis-
turbed frequency of the network.
i-:\jet-cn'l?.r: Serkarr (cq - No. oi User'(s). 1 - Conpany. OZGUNEY f LE(TFIlK
Sriief No : 'vVS-201 1^t)1A231, - tt*poRtRlrll: This fil'e is copyright af iEC. Geneva. Swilzerland. All righis i'eser'ved,.
f'ris file ls sutrjeci to a licence agreerr'lerit. Enquiries to E,nail: austserv@;ec.ch - Tei.: -41 22919 82 11
 - 24 - 60076-1 Cl IEC:
201 1

The rated frequency is the basis for the guaranteed values such as losses, impedance,
and sound level.

5.4.3 Operation at higher than rated voltage andlor at other than rated f requency
Methods for the specification of suitable rated voltage values and tapping range to cope with
a set of loading cases (loading power and power factor, corresponding line-to-line service
voltages) are described in IEC 60076-8.

Within the prescribed values of U., for the transformer windings, a transfofmer shall be
capable of continuous operation at rated power without damage under conditions of
'overfluxing' where the value of voltage divided by frequency (Vl4z),exceeds the
corresponding value at rated voltage and rated frequency by no more than 5 %, unless
otherwise speclfied by the purchaser.

At no load, transformers shall be capable of continuous operatlon at a Yl{z ol 110 oh of

the rated VlF.z.

At a current K times the transformer rated current (0 < K < 1), the overfluxing shall be
limited in accordance with the following formula:

uf, (%)

"'?"'oo<110-5K
f f the transformer is to be operated at YlHz in excess of those stated above, this shall
be identified by the purchaser in the enquiry.
5.5 Provision for unusual service conditions
The purchaser shall identify in his enquiry any service conditions not covered by the
normal service conditions. Examples of such conditions are.
external cooling medium temperature outside the limits prescribed in 4.2;l
restricted ventilation;
altitude in excess of the limit prescribed in 4.2;
damaging fumes and vapours;
steam:
humidity in excess of the limit prescrlbed in 4.2',
dripping water;
salt spray;
excessive and abrasive dust;
high harmonic content of the load current exceeding the requirements of4.2,
distortion of the supply voltage waveform exceeding the limits of 4.2,
unusual high frequency switching transients, see Clausel3;
superimposed DC current;
seismic qualification which would otherwise require special considerations in
the design, see 4.2,
extreme mechanical shock and vibrations;
solar radiation,
regular frequent energisation in excess of 24 times per year;
reg lar frequent short-circu its;
u

V/Hz in excess of 5.4.3 above;

C|islorner] Serkan Kot - No. of Usef(s): 1 - Cornpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

OrcerNo. WS-201 t-OlCZ3t -IFIPORTANT: Tnisfileiscopyrighloi iEC.Gerieva,Sviiueriartri. Ail rghistese(\e1.
t)1Q l\t 1'
This file is sr,rbtect to a llcence aoree.nent Fncriries tn Fmail' itstqpv6iec rh --ral +a"4 2)
 60076-1 @ tEC'.2011 -25-
if a generator step up transformer is intended to be used in back-feed mode when
not connected to the generator without protection on the lower voltage side;
corrosion protection, according to the kind of installation and the installa-
tion environment (see 4.2). the purchaser should choose classes of protection
in ISO 12944 or by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer;
load rejection conditions for generator transformers more severe than those given in
5.3 above.

Transformer specification for operation under such abnormal conditions shall be subject
to agreement between the supplier and purchaser.
Supplementary requirements, within defined limits, for the rating and testing of transformers
designed for other than nornral service conditions listed in Clause 4, such as high temperature
of cooling air or altitude above 1 000 m are given in IEC 60076-2.

5.6 Highest voltage for equipment U. and dielectric tests levels

For line terminals, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, U* shall be taken to be
the lowest value that exceeds the rated voltage of each winding given in IEC 60076-3.

For transformer windings with a highest voltage for equipment greater than (>) 72,5 kY the
purchaser shall specify whether any neutral terminals for that winding are to be directly
earthed in service or not, and if not, the U^for the neutral terminals shall be specified by the
0urcnaser.

Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, dielectric test levels shall be taken to be
the lowest applicable value corresponding to U*, given in IEC 60076-3.
5.7 Additional information required for enquiry
5.7.1 Transformerclassification
The kind of transformer, for example, separate winding transformer, auto-transformer
or series transformer shall be specified by the user.

5.7.2 Winding connection and number of phases

The required winding connection shall be specified by the user in accordance with
the terminology given in Clause 7 to suit the application.
lf a delta connected stabilizing winding is required, it shall be specified by the purchaser- For
star-star connected transformers or autotransformers, if the design has a closed magnetic
circuit for zero sequence flux and no delta winding is specified, then the requirernent shall be
discussed between the manufacturer and the purchaser (see IEC 60076-8).
NOTE A closed magnetic circuit for zero sequence flux exists in a shell-form transformer, and in a core-
form transformer with an unwound limb or limbs

lf there are requirements for high and low limits for the zero sequence impedance, this shall
be stated by the purchaser and may influence the core configuration and the requirement for
a delta winding. lf the zero sequence requirements dictated the use of a delta connected
winding that was not directly specified by the purchaser, then this shall be cleqrly stated by
the manufacturer in the tender documents.

The transformer manufacturer shall not use a delta connected test winding if no delta
winding has been specified, unless specifically agreed by the purchaser.

f r.rslorler Serkan Kog - No. ol Useiis; 1 - Cornpany OZGUNEY ELEK.TRiK

Oriier Ncr vvs-201 1-o10231 - llvlPORTAl'.iT: This iile;s copyright ol lEC. Geneva, .5,ritzerland.. Ail righls rassi\es
 -26- 60076-1 0 tEC:
2011

lf there is a particular requirement for either a bank of single phase transforrner or a three
phase unit, then this shall be specified by the user; otherwise the manufacturer shall make it
clear in the tender document what type of transformer is being offered.

5.7.3 Sound level

Where the purchaser has a specific requirement for a guaranteed maximum sound level this
shall be given in the enquiry and should preferably be expressed as a sound power level.

Unless otherwise specified, the sound level shall be taken as the no load sound level with all
cooling equipment required to achieve rated power in operation. lf an alternative cooling mode
is specified (see 5.1.3) the sound level for each alternative mode may be specified by the
purchaser and if specified shall be guaranteed by the manufacturer and measured on test.

The sound level in service is influenced by the load current (see IEC 60076-10). lf the
purchaser requires a load current sound level measurement test or a guarantee of the total
noise level of the transformers, including load noise, this shall be stated in the enquiry.

The sound level measured in the test according to IEC 60076-10 shall not exceed the
guaranteed maximum sound level. The guaranteed maximum sound level is a limit without
tolerance.

5.7.4 Transport
5.7.4.1 Transportlimitation
lf transport size orweight limits apply,'they shall be stated in the enquiry.

lf any other special conditions apply during transportation, they shall be stated in the enquiry.
This might include a restriction on the transportation with insulating liquid or different
environmental conditions expected to be experienced during transportation than those
expected in service.

5.7.4.2 Transportacceleration
The transformer shall be designed and manufactured to withstand a constant acceleration of
at least 1 g in all directions (in addition to the acceleration due to gravity in the vertical
direction) without any damage, demonstrated by static force calculations based on a constant
value of acceleration.

lf the transport is not the responsibility of the manufacturer and an acceleration, in excess of
1g is expected during transport, the accelerations and frequencies shall be defined in the
enquiry. lf higher accelerations are specified by the customer, the manufacturer shall
demonstrate compliance by means of calculation.

lf the transformer is intended to be used as a mobile transformer. this shall be stated in

the enquiry
NOTE The use of impact or shock recorders during transportation for large transformer is common practrce.

5.8 Components and materials

All components and materials used in the construction of the transformer shall comply with
the requtrements of the relevant IEC standards where they exist unless otherwi$e agreed or
specified. In particular bushings shall comply with IEC 60137, tap-changers shall comply with
IEC 602'14-1, and insulating liquid shall comply with IEC 60296 for mineral oil or as agreed for
other liouids.

Clstomer; Serkan Koq - No" of Use(s): 1 - Cornpany: OZGUNEy ELEKTRiK

Order- Ncr.: WS-201 1 -U A231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copyr;ght of lEC. Geneva, Swtlzertand. Att rights reser'te'J
Thic fila ic u 'hiant sn c-^.,i-a^^ t- r--.-.t,
 I

60076-1 o IEC:2011 -27 -

5 Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding
6.1 General - Notation of tapping range
The following subclauses apply to transformers in which only one of the windings is a
tapped winding.

In a multi-winding transformer, the statements apply to the combination of the tapped

winding with either of the untapped windings.

For transformers specified in accordance wrth 6.4.2, the notation shall be as specified by
the purchaser in item 3 of that subclause.

In auto-connected transformers, tappings are sometimes arranged at the neutral which means
that the effective number of turns is changed simultaneously in both windin'gs. For such
transformers, unless they are specified in accordance with 6.4.2, the tapping particulars are
sublect to agreement. The requirements of this subclause should be used as far as
applicable.

Unless otherwise specified, the principal tapping is located in the middle of the tapping range-
Other tappings are identified by their tapping factors. The number of tappings dnd the range
of variation of the transformer ratio may be expressed in short notation by the deviations of
the tapping factor percentages from the value 100 (fordefinitions of terms, see 3.5).

EXAMPLE A transformer with a tapped 160 kV winding with a tapping range of +15 ok
having 21 tappings, symmetrically arranged around the rated voltage, is designated:

(160 110x1,5%)t66kV
lf the tapping range is specified asymmetrically around the rated voltage, this is designat-
ed as:

haol.,{;lfi:)/oo rv

Regarding the full presentation on the nameplate of data related to individual tappings,
see Clause 8.

Some tappings may be 'reduced-power tappings' due to restrictions in either tapping voltage
or tapping current. The boundary tappings where such limitations appear are called 'maximum
voltage tapping'and'maxlmum current tapping'(see Figures 1a, 1b and 1c). i

6.2 Tapping voltage - tapping current. Standard categories of tap-

ping voltage variation. Maximum voltage tapping
The short notation of tapping range and tapping steps indicates the variation range of the
ratio of the transformer. But the assigned values of tapping quantities are not fully defined by
this alone. Additional information is necessary. This can be given either in tabular form with
tapping power, tapping voltage and tapping current for each tapping, or as text, indicating
'category of voltage variation' and possible limitations ol the range within which the tappings
are'full-power tappings

The categorres of tapping voltage variation are defined as follows:

arlstct{|et. SerKan Kcq - No- of U:er(si: i - Company: OZGU |TJEY E:aKTR1K

Otcet No.. WS-201 1-010231 - iMPORTANT: This file is copyr'ighl of iEC. Geneva, S'*,,iserlafld. Aii n!^i-il5 .t-ie:iec
 -28- 60076:1 O IEC:2011

a) Constant flux voltage variation (CFVV)

The tapping voltage in any untapped winding is constant from tapping to tapping. The
tapping voltages in the tapped winding are proportional to the tapping factors. See Figure 1a.

b) Variable flux voltage variation (VFVV)

The tapping voltage in the tapped winding is constant from tapping to tapping: The tapping
voltages in any untapped winding are inversely proportional to the tbpping factor. See Figur6
1b.

c) Combined voltage variation (CbVV)

In many applications and particularly with transformers having a large tapping range, a
combination is specified using both principles applied to different parts of tne r-nge:
combined voltage variation (CbVV). The change-over point is called 'maximum voltage
tapping'. For this system the following applies: ,

CFVV applies for tappings with tapping factors below the maximum voltage tapping factor.
VFVV applies for tappings with tapping factors above the maximum voltage tapping factor.
See Figure 1c.

100

100 1

100 1 10

Tapping factor
tr i

Figure 1a - Constant flux voltage variation {CFVV)

Optional maximum current tapping shown

Customer; Serkan Koq - No. of Use(s): 1 - Companv: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order No.: WS-2011-010231 - IMPORTANT: This filb is copyright of tEC, Genevt Switzerland. Atl righrs reserved,
This file is subjecl to a iicence agreement. Enquiries to Embii: [email protected] - Tei.: +41 22 yg A2-11
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 -29-

100

Us

1,
tB
lz'
l/t- 2
- -
,".
a'L
.l
,t tt
2

Sne

100 1 10

Tapping factor

Figure 1b - Variable flux voltage variation

(vFVV)

"";lu

CLrslorner: Serkan Koq - No. of User(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY FLEKTRIK

Order No.. WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copyrighl of lEC, Geneva, Swilzerland. All rights reserved,
 -30- 60076-1 @ tEC:2011

100

100

90 100 110

Tapping factor
tEC 681/11

Figure 1c - Combined voltage variation (CbVV)

The change-over polnt is shown in the plus tapping range. lt constitutes both a maximum voltage iapping (U^)
and
a maximum current tappllS, (/B constant, not rising above the change-over point). An additiona[ optionai-aii'rnrm
current tapping (in the CFVV range) is also shown.

Key for Figure 1a, 1b and 1c:

Uo, lo tapping voltage and tapping current in the tapped winding
Ue, la tapping voltage and tapping current in the untapped winding
-AB tapprn9 power
Abscissa tapping factor, percentage (indicating relative number of effective turns in tapped winding)
1 indicates full-power tappings throughout the tapping range
2 indicates 'maximum-voltage tapping', 'maximum current tapping' and range of reduced power tappings ,
Figure 1 - Different types of vottage variation
6.3 Tapping power. Fult-power tappings - reduced-power tappings
The following shall apply unless the voltage and current at each tapping is other-
wise specified.
All tappings shall be full-power tappings, that is, the rated tapping current at each tapping
shall be the rated power divided by the rated tapping voltage at eaah tap excepi as specifiel
below

In separate-winding transformers up to and including 2 500 kVA with a tapping range

not exceeding +5 %, the rated tapping current all minus tappings shall be equal to the
.at
rated

Custonrer Serkarr K.g - No. of Use(s): 1 - Cornpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTR|K

- IMFORTANT: This filb is copyrignt of lEC, Geneva, Swjtzertand. A[ rishts reserved
?19..1 f?.: _wj.191,1 ,910231
 60076-1 OIEC:201 1 ,n
tapping current at the principal tapping. This
'maximum current tapping'. means that the principat tapping iS a

ln transformers with a tapping range wider

than +5 oh, restrictions may be specified on values
of tapping voltage.or tapping irrt"it which
would otherwise nse considerably above the rated
values when such restrictions are specified, tne taJpings
tappings'. This subcrause describes such arrangeme;i;. '- concerned "eu will be reduced-power
vvrrr rr

when the tapping factor deviates from unity, the

tapping. current for full-power tappings may
rise above rated current on one of the windings.
minus tappings, on the tapped winding, under Crvv,
n, Figur" ta ittusirales, this appties for
and for ptus tappings on the untapped
winding under VFVV (Figure 1b). In order to limit
ihe.orresponding reinforcement of the
winding in question, it is possible to specify a maximum.current
onwards the tapping current values foi the'winaing tapping. From this tapping
means that the remaining tappings towards the extieme
iie then specified to be qonstant. This
tapping are reduced-power tappings
(see Figures 1a, 1b and 1c).

Under cbvv, the 'maximum voltage tapping', the change-over point

between cFVV and VFVV
shall at the same time be a 'maximum current tapping' unless otherwise
specified. T;;;;;";,
that the untapped winding current stays constant up to the extreme ptus
tapping (Figure 1c).
6.4 Specification of tappings in enquiry and order
6.4.1 General
The purchaser shall specify the requirements for tapping either according
to6.4.2 or 6.4.3.
The purchaser shall specify if the tap changer or tap changers are intended to
bA operated
on load or de-energrzed.

Where variable flux voltage variation VFVV is used, it is normally only possible for
the design
ratio to match the specified ratio at two positions over the regutation'range. The purchas-er
shall specify where the design ratio shall match the speciied ratio, e*trere taps,
principal and maximum tap or principal and mininimum tap. lf not otherwlse"lg.
Jpeciried, the two
extreme taps shall be the ratios to match.
NoTE Subclause 6'4.2 requires the user to specify which winding is to be tapped and particutar tapptng powers"
subclause 6 4 3 defines.overatl voitage and current requirements and reguires the manufacturer'to
winding or windings will be-tapped. Such a specification may resull in a variety of possible setect whjch
lEc 60076-8 gives detairs of tapping arrangements and voltage drop calculations, transformer des;gns.

6.4.2 Constructional specification

The following data are necessary to define the design of the transformer:

a) which winding shalt be tapped;

b) the number of steps and the tapping step (or the tapping range and number of steps).
Unless otherwise specified, it shall be assumed that the ringe is symmetrical arounJ'tne
principal tapping and that the tapping steps in the tapped winding -are equal. lf for some
reason, the design has unequal steps, this shall be indicated in the tender,
c) the category of voltage variation and, if combined variation is applied, therchange-
over point ('maximum voltage tapplng', see 6.2);
d) whether maximum current limitation (reduced power tappings) shall appiy, and if so,
for which tappings.
lnstead of items c) and d), tabulation of the same type as used on the rating plate may
be used to advantage (see example in Annex B).

Cr"rstomer. Serkan Kot - No of User(s); 1 - Company. OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

?:fl,,I?;,jj.::1: !?,y?:.t... lyjgIIlNJ_Il,-.,_ry::a_".*,,snr."r ,E? G;nevt sv.,iilerrang._iil^tsllu reser./{}i
 -JZ- 60076-1 o IEC:2011
6.4.3 Functional specification
This type of specification is intended to
requirements and not
ailow the purchaser to specify
the category oivottage variation or which winding
,T;#l"t"l is to be

This method of specification is not. applicable

and incruding 2 500 kVA with a tapping range to separate-winding transformers up to
0/o. not exceed ing t5
The following information shall be.given by
the purchaser in the enquiry In addition to
the rated vottage and rated power OifineO in Cfau!"
S,

a) Direction of power flow (can be both directions).

b) The number of tapping steps and the size of the tapping step
of the rated,voltage at the principal tapping. ri tne expressed as.a percentage
tapplng range is not symmetricar about
tne principal tapping then this shall be i'ndi-cated. tt
tne tapplng steps are nor,equar across
the range then this shall be indicareo.
NorE 1 lt may be that the range of vbriation and the number
exact voltage at the principal tap. In this case the range of steps is more important than achreving the
specified. For example +5 % to _1e % in.l 1 steps. of variition and the number of sreps may be

c) which voltage shail vary for the purpose of defining rated tapping
vortage.
NorE 2 The rated tapping voltage is needed to determine the impedance base for each tap. whqre the func-
of specification is aiopted, the rated tapping vottags cannot
be used to determine the rated tapping
f:*:'rt"'noo
d) Any requirements for fixing the ratio of turns between two particular
windinEs on a
more than two winding transformer.
e) Minimurn full load power factor (this affects the voltage drop of the transformer).
f) whether any tapping or range of tappings can be reduced power tappings.
The manufacturer will choose the arrangement of windings, the winding or windings
tapped. The transformer shall be able to supply the rated current on the
that are
-*inding
seconda,rv on
all tapping positions consistent with the operating conditions, without exceeding the
loove
temperature rise requirements defined by IEC 600i6_2.

The transformer shall be designed to withstand without damage the vottages and fluxes
arising from the above specified loading conditions (includiig any specified overload
conditions). A calculation showing that this condition is satisfied snalt oe supplied
purcnaser on request to the

An example is given in Annex B (example 4).

Alternatively, the user may submit a set of loading cases with values of actrve
power (clearly indicating the direction of power flow), and corresponding and reactive
on-load voltages.
These cases should indicate the extreme values of voltage ratio under full and
rgduced power
(see "the six-parameter method" of IEC 60076-8). Based on this rnformation,
the manufacturer
will then select the tapped winding and specify rated quantities and tapping quantities in
his
tender proposal. An agreement shall be reached between the manufacturer and the purchaser
on the design tapping quantities.

6.5Specificationofshort.circuitimpedance
For transformers with no tappings exceeding a voltage variation of +5 o/o from
the principal
tapping, the short-circuit impedance of a pa-r of winJings shall be specifieo at
the principal
tapprng only, either in terms of ohms per phase Z or in percentage terms z re,ferred
to ine
rated power and rated voltage of the transformer (see 3.7.1). Altlernatively, the impedance
may be specified in accordance with one of the methods below.

For transformers with tappings exceeding a voltage variation of +5 o/o lrom the principal
tapping, impedance values expressed in terms of Z or z shall be specifiecj for the
principal
Lrisroni€,"r
lglroll.{o:.--ryg.oi.y.s^el(:):,1 -]!gnpany: Ozctj'\JEy El-EKTR'K
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011
-33-
tapping and the. extreme tapping(s) exceeding S %. on such
transformers, these values of
impedance shall also be measured during thi short-circuit
impedance and road tosses test
(see 11'4) and shall be subject to the tolerances given in
Clause ,10. lf the impedance is
expressed in percentage terms z, this shall be refeired to
the rated tapprng vottage (at that
tapping) and the rated power of the transformer (at the principar
tappingj '
NoTE 1 The selection of an impedance value by the user is
drop versus limitation of overcurrenl under system fault
subject to conflicting demands. ljmitation of vottaqe
conditions. Economic optim-izaiion of the design, bearing-in
mind loss' leads tow-ards a certain range of impedance parallel opii"iior-*ith an existing
requires matching impedance (see Ctausi 6 of lEb "irr"t. translormer
oooio_s,i99zi.
NorE 2 lf an enguiry contains a specification of not only the impedance at
varration across the tapping range, this can impose the principai tapping but atso its
an irp6rtant reslriction on the design of the transformer
arrangement of the windings in relation to each other {the
€nd $,eiileometry).
also need to take into account that large changes ;n ;mpeoancEGt*""n The transtorme-r specitigation and design
of the tappings. taps can reduce or exaggerare the etfect

Alternatively maximum and minimum impedances in terms

of z or Z may be specified for each
tapping across the whole tapping range. This may be
done with the aia of a graph or a table.
(see Annex c) The boundarieJsnoJto where p5riior"
be at teast as far aparr as to permit
the double-sided tolerances of clause 10 to be applied on a
median vatue bptween them.
Measured values shall not fall outside the boundaries, which
are limits without tolerance.
NorE 3 The specified maximum and minimum impedances shourd
as great as the tolerances given in clause 10 ailow an impedance torerance at leasl
but where necessary a tighter toleiance may be used by
agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.

NorE 4 Basing the lmpedance on the rated tapping voltage and the rated power
principal tapping means that the relationship oetw6en'onm.i"ipn"t" of the transformer at the
be different for each tap and will also depend on which winding z and percentage impectan ce z wirl
care is therefore needed to ensure thal the s_pecified impedance ls the voltage variation is specified. Great
transformers specified with tapping po\ryers oiffbrent to r.t'"0 po*"|. correct. This is particutarly important tal
r t plncigal tapping.
6.6 Load loss and temperature rise
a) lf the tapping range is within +So/o, and the rated power not above 2 500 kVA, load loss
guarantees and temperature rise refer to the principal
tapping only, and the temperature
rise test is run on that tapping.
b) lf the tapping range exceeds t5 oh or the rated power is above 2
so} kVA, the guaranteed
losses shall be stated on the princ'tpal tapping position, untess
purchaser at the enquiry stage. lf such'a re!uirement otherwise specified by the
exists, it shall be stated for which
tappings, in addition to the principal tapping, ine toao tosses are
to be guaranteed by the
manufacturer' These load losses are referrid to the relevant
tapping current values. The
temperature-rise limits are valid for all tappings, at the appropriate
tJpprng power, tapping
voltage and tapping current.
The temperature-rise type test shall be carried out on one tapping
onty,
specified' lt will, unless otherwise agreed, be the 'maximum culrent- untJss otherwise
tapping, (which is
usually the tapping with the highest loss) The maximum totat loss on any tapping ls
foad
the test power for determination of liquid temperature rise
durlng the temperature rise test,
and the tapping current for the selecied tapping is the reference
current
of winding temperature rise above liquid. For iiformation about rules for determination
the temperature rise of liquid-immersed transformers, see IEC
and tests regarding
60076-2.
ln principle, the temperature-rise type test shall demonstrate that the
cootrng equipment is
sufficient for dissipation of maximum total loss on any tapping, and
rrse over externa-l cooling medium temperature of any winbing,
that the temperature
at any tapplng, does not
exceed the specified maximum value.
NorE 1 For an autotransformer, the maximum current in
different tap positions' Therefore an intermediate taf the series and common wind,ngs are usuaily at two
po"itt" may be selected for test to allorn
requrrements of rEC 60076-2 to be met on both windings the
cuiinlinu same test.
NOTE 2 For some tapping arrangements, the tapp,ng winding
is not carry,ng current in the maximum currenl
tapp'ng position Therefore, if the temperature rise o1 tne
tapptng may be selected or an extra test may be agreed.
taiping winding needs to be determrned, another

.j,,srorner. Serkan Koc ^ No ol U_seI(:)' _

1 Ccmpanyj OZGUNEy
clr"ier No.. i4/S-201 l-itazu $,rconrnr.rr,lni."nil ;r_"rpyright ELEKTRTK
This file is subiect to a jicence agreernent. e nq,,iries of iEC. Geneva, s,ai,aet;ana. Att tiqnas ieseries.
rc r*|i, Jrttt*rii.gi"i.ill r"i., ,.11 22 g1g t2-11
 -34- 60076-1 @ tEC-.2011

7 Gonnection phase displacement symbols

7'1 connection and-phase displacement symbols for three-phase transformers
and for singre phase transformers connected in a three phase
bank
7.1.1 Connection symbol
The star, delta, or zigzag connection a set of phase windings of a three-phase transformer
or of windings of the same voltage of-ofsingle-phase transformJrs
associated in a t-nr""-;;;;;
bank shall be indicated by the cJpital letters Y, D or zfor
the high-vottage (HV) winding and
smail retters y, d or z for the intermediate and row-vortage (LV)
wiidings. -
lf the neutral point of a star-connected or zigzag-connected winding is brought
indication shall be YN (yn) or ZN (zn) respectively: This out, the
arso applies to transformers where
the neutral end connections for each phase winding is brought out separetety
connected together to form a neutral point for service. but are

For an auto-connected pair of windings, the symbol of the

lower voltage windirig is
replaced by the letter a.

Open windings in a three-phase transformer (that are not connected

transformer but have both ends of each together in the
.n.!ase winoing orought out to terminats, for example
the line windings of series and phase-sniting transfo'rmers) are indicated as lt (HV), or iii
(rntermediate or low-voltage windings).

Letter symbols for the different windings of a transformer

are noted in descending order of
rated voltage independently of the intended power flow.
The winding connection tetter for any
intermediate and low-voltage winding is immediately followed -pnase
number'(see 3.10.6).
by its displacement ,clock

Examples of connections in general use, with connection

diagrams, are shown in Annex D.
7.1.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation
The following conventions of notation apply.

The connection diagrams show the high-voltage winding above,

and the
below (The directions of induced voltiges are on the ufper part of the low-vottage winding
winding$ as indicated
in Figure 2.)

The high-voltage winding phasor diagram is oriented with phase

phase I phasor of the low-voltage winding is oriented
lpointing at 12 o,clock. The
according to the induced voltage relation
which results for the connection shown. The clock number
symbol is the hour pn which the
low voltage points.

The sense of rotation of the phasor diagrams is counter-crockwise, giving

il - ilt. the sequence | -

NorE 1ym!e-rlng is arbitrary. Terminal marking on the transformer follows national practice. Guidance
may be fhis
found in IEC/TR 60616.

open windings do not have a clock number notation because the phase relationship
of
these windings with other windings depends on the externar connection

ar",sionter. Serkari Kor; - No of.tJ.s..ell!j; 1 - Cor'parry:

J;cer No WS-20J t-dtoz3t nrpOntnnrf-};Is fii;' OZGUNEY ELEKTRTK
'rh'c r;i$ ;. .,,*;^-i ,^ - i;--,..... e^^,,,-:^^ .ltj:qrlgfi:f-lF?,-G."1:"1 g''J1?',:ig:Ir.rish.ts reserv6.,ci
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 -35-
7.1.3 Windings not intended to be loaded
The existence of a stabilizing or a test winding (a delta or star-connected winding which
is not
terminated for external three-phase loading) is indicated, after the symbolf of loadable
windings, with the symbol '+d' or'+y'according to its connection as in the examptes
below:
Symbol: yNa0+d. or yNaO+v.
7.1.4 Reconnectablewindings
lf a transformer is specified with a reconfigurable winding connection, the altern,ative coupling
voltage and connection is noted in brackets after the delivered configuration as indicateb
the following examples
o!

lf HV can be 220 kV or 110 kV (dual voltage) but star-connection is required for both
voltages and the transformer is deliveredin22o kV configuration and LV is t0,5 kV delta
connected:

Symbot: yNd.t1 220 (110) / 10,5 kV

lf LV can be 11 kV in star and 6,35 kV in delta and the transformer is delivered in 11 kV
star configuration and HV is 110 kV star connected:

Symbot: yNy0 (d11) 110 t 11 (6,35) kV

lf the LV vector grgup is reconfigurable without changing the rated voltages (11 kV in
this example) and the transformer is delivered in d11 anO tne HV is '110 kV star eonnected.

Symbot: yNd11 (d1) 110 t11kV

7.1.5 Examples
Examples are shown below and their graphical representations are shown in Figures 2 and 3.

12

,{--f,\
tfi %t
rit ill
al1

t{
12

A/{-f,l'\I
ill
\D/ 12
/<1>.

Dynl 1
ffiYNyn0d5
ffi,)
K'V
YNaOd1 1

Figure 2 - lllustration of 'clock number, notation

'-i,siua,er Serkan Kog - No. of User(s). i - ConrJ:any: OZGUNEy ELEKTRiK

:::::l)"::',:;.3?lj"^cl::.:1.:1Y:9.IIl*Jrtniijyil;_."0v',ghi"LlEc.G"neva,s*i,rzerrang-l,lflgtjsiese,v6c
 - 36 - 60076_1 e; fcC,
201 1

A transform"r ylf^rl:^^!sjr^-yqrFge winding

iow- voltage wind.ing rateo 400 rated 20kV, derta-connecred, the
winding tags the nV
v s-tar-connected with neutrar brought out. The LV
Oy 330".

Symbol: Dyn11 20 000 / 400 v

- A three-winding transformer with. the
connected with neutrar brought out. .h.igh-vortage winding rated 123 kV star
An int6rmeoiaie_vortage
star connected with neutrar -orought.out, winding of 36 kv,
in phase *itn. tn".high_vortage wrnding
but not auto-connected, and al,ixv derta-connectec
in,ro winding, ragging by 150".
Symbol; YNyn0d5 123 I 36 I 7,2 kV
A group of three single-phase auto-transformers
designed tor a 400kV HV and
a 130 kV intermediatevoitage with kv tertiat *i"oingr.
?.2
windings are connected in itar, while the The auto-connecred
terii;ry'*inoing, are connecfed in detta
The detta winding tags the high_vottage winding
OV g3O;

Symbol: YNaOd11 #l# p2kv

ll ll't: delta winding is. not brought out to three tine terminats but onty prouioeo as a
stabilizing winding, the symodt wourd indicate this o}, a prus sign.
displacement notation wourd then appry for the staoiLiiing No phase
;rnding.
400 lt30
Symbol: YNa0+d -/ I l22kv
43 "13
The symbol would be the same for a three-phase auto-transformer
same connection, internally with the exception of the voltage notation. with the
below.
See exampte

A three-phase autotransformer designed for a 400 kv HV and a .130

mediate voltage with 22 kV tertiary-winoings. The auto-connected kV inter-
windings are
connected in star, the tertiary windiigs are connected in delta. The detta
.while
winding lags the high-voltage winding by 330".
Symbol: yNaOd1 1 400 I 130 I 22 kV
lf the. delta winding is not brought out to three line terminals but only provided
a stabilizing winding, the symbor wourd indicate this by a as
prus sign. No
phase displacement notation wourd then appry for the stabiriiing winoinj."
Symbol: YNa0+d 400 t 130 t 22 kv
A three-phase generator step up transformer designed for a 20 kV network
and
an 8,4 kV generator side. The windings connected to the generator are con-
nected in delta, while the network side windings are connected in star. The
detta
winding lags the high-vottage winding by 330".

ilstonrer. Serkari Kor; - No.. oi Us_er(s): 1 _ Conrpany: OZGUNEY EL€K IR jK

'iif;,I?.:,-tj;?:1:9l,?j::..:lyl?.Til*J: ill',_lq:;Jif"yiii,i^"r rEi. #; eva, su,rirzeriang.*rf.lslj, reserved
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011
-37 -

ilil|

tilill
iltffi
-;; \-),

|l|lll
ffi
ffi iti
v-l-)'/ l'l'l
ili Diii

;EC 68y1t
|
Figure 3 - lllustration of .clock number' notation for
transformers with open windings
A three-phase transformer designed for a 20 kV detta
connected HV and with a 10
kV open winding.

Symbot; Diii 20t10kv

A three-phase three winding transformer designed for
a 220 kV star connected HV
with a 40 kv open winding -nd a 10 kV thiro viinoinjo"rt"
connected.
Symbot: yNiiids 220 t40 /.10 kV
A three-phase series transformer designed for a 400 kV network
kV excitation winding
and with a 40
delta connected.
Symbol: llld 400 | 40 kv
7 '2 connection and phase displacement symbols for single phase
not in three phase bank transformers

7.2.1 Connectionsymbol
The connection of a set of phase windings of single-phase
transformers is indicated by the
capital letter I for the high-voltage (HV) winOing ani
smalt letter i for the intermediate and low-
voltage (LV) windings.

Letter symbols for the different windings of a transformer

rated voltage independently of the intended power
are noted in descending order of
flow. The winding connection letter for any
intermediate and low-voitage,winding is immediately followed
by its phase displacement ,clock
number' (see definition 3..!0.6).

For an auto-connected pair of windings, the symbol

of the lower voltage windlng is
replaced by the letter a.

'Ji,slcrner Serkan Kor; - Nr:" or.!_ryli!1 i - Con)pany: OZGUNFy

Order lr,lo. ws-201 1-A10231 - IMPORTANT;
EL€KTRiK
This fitb is copvriahr of lEC,
tEC Gerreva,
Ger Svttlzertand.,AiL.ngtirs rese.r€d
'J:1n,:,1q]r;rgpy(igrft.ot
 I

-38* 60076-1 o IEC:-2011

7.2.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation

The clock number of single-phase transformers is determined as for three phase transform-
ers but can only Oe 0 if O-otn'windings are in phase or 6 if they are in opposition'

7.2.3 Windings not intended to be loaded

The existence of a test or additional winding, which is not terminated for external loading,
is indicated, after the symbols of loadable windings, with the symbol '+i'as in the example
below

Symbol: li0+i.

7.2.4 Reconnectablewindings
lf a transformer is specified with a reconfigurable winding connection, the alternative coupling
voltage and connection is noted in brackets after the delivered configuration aq indicated by
the following examples

lf HV can be220 kV or 110 kV (dual voltage) butwith the same connection required
for both voltages ,

Symbol: li0
220 (110) | 27,5
KV

lf LV can be 11 kV in 0 and 5,5 kV in 6 and the transformer is delivered in 11 kV 0

confiouration and HV is 110 kV:
Symbol: li0 (i6) 110 t 11 (5,5) kV

lf the LV vector group is reconfigurable without changing the rated voltages (11 kV
in this example) and the transformer is delivered in i0 and the HV is 110 kV:
Symbol: li0 (i6) 110/11kV
Examples

Examples are shown below and some of their graphical representations are on Figure 4

ctrstomer: serkan Kog - No. of user(s): 1 - corrrpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

CrderNo. VVS-201 1-0 10231 -IMFORTANTT Thisnleiscopyrighto{lEC,Geneva,SuJitzefland.All rightsreservec
 60076-1 O IEC:2011 -39-

1a

XT>'..
ft1
t-- 1
i Kot/
I I

12 lz 12'

/(-il^ /<1tl}'.
r'1-\
tt1 Fr1
I
r-1
vv
\{-]_y
lz
I I
Kot/ I kjt 12t

\/
/<T>\
Dt1
\-v
z<-D\
r.-1t-l r'T\
r--
{Ly |l] Kd9. I K+t/
ti0i6 la0i0

Figure 4 - lllustration of 'clock number' notation

A transformer with the high-voltage winding rated 20 kV, the low-voltage winding
rated 400 V, the LV winding being in phase with the high voltage. .

Symbol: li0 20 000 I 400 v

A three-winding transformer. with a 123 kV HV, an intermediate voltage winding
of 36 kV, in phase with the HV winding but not auto-connected, and a 7,2kY
third winding, lagging by'180'.
Symbol: li0i6 123 I 36 | 7,2 kV
- A single-phase autotransformer designed for a 400 kV HV and a 130 kV intermedi-
ate voltage with 22 kV tertiary windings all in phase
Symbol: la0i0 400 t 130 I 22 RV

lf the third winding is not intended to be loaded, the symbol would indicate this by
a plus sign. No phase displacement notation would then apply for the thirQ winding.
SYmbol: li0+i 400 t 130 | 22 kv '.' i;
"
Rating plates
8.1 General
The transformer shall be provided with a rating plate of weatherproof material, fitted in a
visible position, showing the appropriate items indicated below. The entries on the plate shall
be indelibly marked.

8.2 Information to be given in all cases

a) Kind of transformer (for example transformer, auto-transformer, serles transformer, etc.).
Cr;siomer Serkan Kog - No of User(s): 1 - Cornpany: OZGUNEY EI*EKTRIK
OriJer Nc. WS-2ti11-414231 - ItviPORTANT: This file is copyrighi cf lEC. Geneva. Su;itzerland. All rights reserved.
Trrs frle is subject to a iicence agreemenl. EncLiiries 1o Emai': crrslserv@iec-ch - Tei.: .41 22 915 A2 11
 -40- 60076-1 I IEC:.2011

b) Number of this standard

c) Manufacturer'S name, country and town where the transfOrmer was assembled
d) Manufacturer's serial number.
e) Year of manufacture.
f) Number of Phases.
g) Rated power (in kVA or MVA). (For multi-winding transformers, the rated power of each
winding shall be given. The loading combinations shall also be indicated unless the rated
powerii one of the windings rs the sum of the rated powers of the other wrndings.)
h) Rated frequency (in Hz).
i) Rated voltages (in V or kV) and tapping range. '
j) Rated currents (in A or kA).
k) Connection and phase displacement symbol.
l) Short-circuit impedance, measured value in percentage. For multr-winding
transformers, several impedances for different two-winding combinations are to be
given with the respective reference power values. For transformers having a tapped
winding, see also
6.5 and item b) of 8.3.
m) Type of cooling. (lf the transformer has several assigned cooling methods, the respective
power values may be expressed as percentages of rated power, for example ONAN/ONAF
70t100 %.)
n) Total mass.
o) Mass and type of insulating liquid with reference to the relevant IEC standard.
p) Maximum system short-circuit power or current used to determine the trans-
former withstand capability if not infinite.
lf the transformer has more than one set of ratings, depending upon different connections of
windings which have been specifically allowed for in the design, the additional ratings shall all
be given on the rating plate, or separate rating plates shall be fitted for each set.

8.3 Additional information to be given when applicable ,

The Information listed below shall be included on the rating plate when it is applicable to
a particular transformer.
a) For transformers having one or more windings with 'highest voltage for equipment'
U* equal to or above 3,6 kV:
short notation of insulation levels (withstand voltages) as described in IEC 60076-3.
b) Tapping designations
For transformers with highest rated voltage less than or equal to 72,5 kV and
with rated power less than or equal to 20 MVA (three phase) or 6,7 MVA (singie
phase)
having a tapping range not exceeding t5 %, tapping voltages on the tapped wind
ing for all tappings.
For all other transformers
o a table stating tapping voltage and maximum allowable tapping service volt-
age, tapping current, tapping power, and internal connection for all tappings,
r a table showing the short-circuit impedance values for the principal tapping and
at least the extreme tappings in % with the reference power.
c) Guaranteed maximum temperature rises of top liquid and windrngs (if not normal values).
When a transformer is intended for installation at high altitude, the altitude, power rating

i - ConrJ:arry: OZGUNEY [-EKTRiK

rli.r,jlo..rler. Serkari i{oq - No. of Useri$):
Cric;- No.. ",ivS-2411-0i02:t1 - lfvlPORTANT. Thls flle is copyrignl ol lt:.C, Cenr:va.3'litlz-eriar:d. tr\ii riql\le rt):/t)t\it:ij
 60076-1 o IEC:20'11 - 41 -
tf the transformer is designed for installation at high altitude, the (reduced)
temperarure rise for rated power under normal external cooling mediutl temperature
cond itions
lf the transformer isdesigned for normal external cooling medium temperature
conditions, the rated power for guaranteed temperature rise under normal external
cooling medium temperature conditions.
d) Connection diagram (in cases where the connection symbol will not give complete
information regalding the internal connections). lf the connections can be changed inside
the transformer, this-shall be indicated either on the same plate, a separate plate or with
duplicate or reversible rating plates. The connection fitted at delivery shall be indicated.
Where non-linear resistors ol fuses are employed within the transformer, the location and
connection of such equipment shall be shown on the connection diagram plate with
terminal markings. An indication of any built-in current transformers when Used shall be
presented on the diagram.
e) Transportation mass (if different from total mass).
f) Untanking mass (for transformers exceeding 5 t total mass).
g) Vacuum withstand capability of the tank, conservator, tap-changers 'and cool-
ing equipment.
h) For multi-winding transformers, any restriction on power-loading combinations.
i) For transformers equipped with winding temperature indicators (WTl), the settings
for each WTl. This is normally the difference between the winding hot-spot tem-
perature at rated power and the top liquid temperature calculated from temperature rise
test results. lf more than one cooling method is specified, different settings may be
required for each cooling method.
j) For all current transformers installed inside the transformer, the location,
ratio(s), accuracy class and rated output (VA rating) of the current transformer.
k) Minimum temperature of cooling medium if not -5 "C for indoor transformers or -25 "C
for outdoor transformers i

Plates with identification and characteristics of auxiliary equipment according to standards for
such components (bushings, tap-changers, current transformers, special cooling equipment)
shall be provided either on the components themselves or on the transformer.

9 Safety, environmental and other requirements

9.1 Safety and environmental requirements
9.1 .'l Liquid leaks
Transformer manufacturers shall consider the effective containment of tne liquid of the
transformer and take effective measures to prevent leakage. Consideration shall be given to
the long term performance of items such as:
joint design;
gasket materials;
welds;
corrosion prevention
Transformers shall be designed to be leak free and any leakage found on site at the end
of commissioning shall be corrected by the responsible supplier. ,

9.1.2 Safetyconsiderations
The manufacturer shall consider the safety of operators and maintenance staff in the
design of the transformer in particular the following aspects:
Cusromer. Serkan Kog - No. of User"is): 1 - Conrpany: OZGUNEY ELE(TRIK
Or<ler No.: WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT; This file is copyright ol 1EC, Geneva, Switzerland. Aii rights reterved.
l-his iiie is subject to a lir:errce ?greenref)t. €nquiries to Enraitr: [email protected] - Tel.: +41 22 919 02 1i
 -42- 60076j1 O IEC:2011

accessibility to parts with high temperatures'

accessibilitY of live Parts;
accessibilitY of moving Parts;
lifting and handling Provisions;
access for maintenance, where maintenance is required;
working at height.

Where installation may affect any of the above, suitable installation instructions shall
be provided with the transformer.
NOTE ISO 14122 series, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery, should be consult-
ed where ladders, platforms and similar means of access are provided with the transfolmer.

9.2 Dimensioning of neutral connection

The neutral conductor and terminal of transformers intended to carry a load between phase
and neutral (for example, distribution transformers) shall be rated for the appropriate load
current and earth-fault current (see IEC 60076-8)-

The neutral conductor and terminal of transformers not intended to carry load between phase
and neutral shall be designed to carry earth-fault current as if the transformer was directly
earthed

9.3 Liquid preservation system

For liquid-immersed transformers, the type of liquid preservation system may bp specified in
the enquiry and order. lf not specified, the manufacturer shall indicate the liquid preservation
system in the tender. The following types are distinguished.
Freely breathing system or conservator system where there is free communicatron
between the ambient air and an air-filled expansion space above the surface of the liquid,
in the tank or in a separate expansion vessel (conservator). A moisture-removing breather
is fitted in the connection to the atmosphere.
Diaphragm or bladder-type liquid preservation system where an expansion volume of air
at atmospheric pressure is provided above the liquid but prevented from direct contact
with the liquid by a flexible diaphragm or bladder. A moisture-removing breather is fitted
in the connection to the atmosphere.
Inert gas pressure system where an expansion space above the liquid is filled with
dry inert gas at slrght over-pressure, being connected to either a pressure controlled
source or an elastic bladder.
Sealed-tank system with gas cushion, in which a volume of gas above the liquid surface
in a stiff tank accommodates the liquid expansion under variable pressure.
Sealed, completely filled system in which the expansion of the liquid is taken up by
elastic movement of the permanently sealed, usually corrugated tank or radiators.

The size of the conservator or expansion system shall be sufficient to accommodate the
change in liquid volume from the coldest ambient when the transformer is de-energized to the
highest mean liquid temperature experienced when the transformer is loaded tb the highest
level allowed by the provisions of the loading guide in IEC 60076-7 for mineral oil or as
specified for an alternative cooling liquid.
NOTE Allowance should be made for the variation ot the coefficieni of thermal expansion that may
be experienced for different iiquids of the same type.

i., L,,1 iir-i riL:I Serkan Kcq - l"Jo. i - Cornl.rar'ry. OZGUhIEY ELEh'iRiK
ui Useris):
t|c€r i'd(]. \rv'S-201 1-010231 - iMPORTANT: This file is copyrigfrt rtl tEC. Geneva, Srrilzerland. All righis re*ertr:C
3li- I
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 -43-
9.4 DC currents in neutral circuits
flowing through
A transformer wrth a grounded neutral can be influenced by DC currents
the neutral. For example, the DC current can be generated by'
DC traction systems;
cathodic Protection systems;
rectifier systems;
geomagnetically induced currents (GlC).

When a transformer rs subjected to DC currents in the neutral, a DC magnetization bias of the

magnetic circuit will result. The magnetizing current becomes strongly asymmetrical and will
have a high harmonic content. The possible consequences are:

an increase of sound level;

relay malfunction and false tripping; '

stray f lux overheatlng;

significant increase in magnetizing current;
increase in no-load losses.

The phenomenon depends on the ability of the DC current to magnetize the core and on the
core design. The resulting effects are a function of the magnitude and duration of the DC
current, core type and general iransformer design features.

lf a transformer may be subject to DC currents, then the levels of these currents shall be
stated by the purchaser in the enquiry together with any required limits on the consequences
of these current levels. See also 4.11 of IEC 60076-8:1997.

9.5 Centre of gravity marking

The centre of gravity of the transformer in the transport configuration shall be, permanently
marked on at least two adjacent sides of the transformer for transformers with a transport
mass in excess of 5 tonnes.

10 Tolerances
It is not always possible, particularly in large, multi-winding transformers with relatively low
rated voltages, to accommodate turns ratios which correspond to specified tated voltage
ratios with high accuracy. There are also other quantities which may not be accurately
explored at the time of tender, or are subject to manufacturing and measuring uncertainty.

Therefore tolerances are necessary on certain specified and design values.

A transformer is considered as complying with this part when the quantities subject to
tolerances are not outside the tolerances given in Table 1. Where a tolerance in one direction
is omitted, there is no restriction on the value in that direction.

This clause is for the purposes of acceptance or rejection only and does not replace the
purchasers' prescribed guarantees for economic evaluation purposes (for example penalties
on losses). lt does not take precedence over any limits specified in the enquiry.

Crislorner: Serkan Koq - No. oi Usei(s): 1 - Cornpany: OZGUNE\.' ELIKTR|K

ijriler No'WS-ZC1 1-010231 - ifu4pORTANT: This file js ccpy!.ighr cf iEC. Geneva.Switze{iand,. AiN rithis res*ryed
1-i..( i,).. ar -. '6;.-..i tr' 't )i--^.-" r*^ .i-:^ -
 -44- 60076,1 O IEC.2011

Table 1 - Tolerances

1. a) Total losses See Note 1 +10 ol the total losses

o/o

b) Measured component losses See Note 1 +15 s/o ol each component loss, provicled thal the
tolerance tor total losses is not exceeddd

2. Measured voltage ratio at no load on princlpal The lower of the following values:
tapping for a specified first pair of windings or the a) 4.5 oh of the sPecified ratio
extreme tapPings, if sPecified
b) +1110 of the actual percenlage impedance on
the princiPal taPPing
Measured voltage ratio on other tappings, same pair +0,5 o/o of the design value of turns ratiq

Measured voltage ratio for further pairs

winding transformer with two

windings, or
- a specified first pair of separate wind-
ings in a multi-winding transformer
a) principal tapping When the impedance value is >10 %
+7,5 ok of the specified value
When the impedance value is <10 7o
+10 o/o ol the specified value

b) any other tapping of the pair When the impedance value is >10 o/o

!10 o/o of the specified value

When the impedance value is <10 %
t15 o/o ol the specified value
4. Measured short-circuit impedance for:
- an auto-connected pair of winding, or
- a specified second pair of separate windings in
a multi-winding transformer

a) principai tapping +10 o of the specified value

b) any other tapping of the pair +10 o/o
of the design value for that tapping

- further pairs of windings To be agreed, but 2i1 5 %

5. Measured no-load current +30 % of the design value

NOTE 1 The loss tolerances of multi-winding transformers apply to every pair of windings unless the guarantee
states that they apply to a given load condition.

NOTE 2 For certain auto-transformers and series transformers the low value of their impeOanle may justify a
more liberal tolerance. Transformers having large tapping ranges, particularly if the range is asymmetrical, may
also require special consideration. On the other hand. for example, when a transformer is to be combined with
previously existing units, it may be justified to specify and agree on narrower impedance tolerances. Any special
tolerances should be indicated in the enquiry, and any revised tolerances agreed upon between manufacturer and
pu rch a ser.

'|.1 Tests
11.1 General requarements for routine, type and special tests
11.1.1 General
Transformers shall be subjected to tests as specified below.

Tests other than temperature rise tests shall be made at an external cooling medi-
um temoerature between 10'C and 40'C. See IEC 60076-2 for temperature rise tests.

tloslorner. Serkan Ko1 - No. of User(s). 1 - Cornparry: OZGUNE{ ELEhTRIK

Or<ler No. UIS-2011-010231 - IMPORTANT: This flle is copyright of iEC, Geneva, Swrtzerlarrd. All rights reserv€u
Thic lile is qrrhicr:t in * lir:en.o anrAFmanl Fnnrririoc lr1 Fm^il' /',icl.'ar\?rl;6^ r'h - Tal +A4 )) olo {\2 a4
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 -45-
between
Tests shall be made at the manufacturer's works, unless otherwtse agreed
the manufacturer and the purchaser.
performance of
All external components and fittings that are likely to affect the
the transformer during the test shall be in place'

cannot be mounted in its intended operating condition for testing

(for
lf the transformer arrangement of
example if the transformer is fitted with test-turrets and test-bushings or the
factory
cooling equipment cannot be mounted in the in-service position, during the relevant
purchaser
test), an agreement shall be found between manufacturer and stage, these shallthe before
be
commencement of tests. lf there are any limitations known at the tender
made clear bY the manufacturer.

lf a transformer is intended for delivery with liquid/SF6 bushings, by agreement between

manufacturer and purchaser the test can be conducted with equivalent liquid/air bushings
instead provided that the liquid-immersed end of the test bushing is identical to the servrce
bushing and the service bushing is tested to at least the same level as the transformer.

Tapped windings shall be connected on their principal tapping, unless the relevant test
clause requires otherwise or unless the manufacturer and the purchaser agree otherwise.

The test basis for all characteristrcs other than insulation is the rated condition, unless
the test clause states otherwise.

All measuring systems used for the tests shall have certified, traceable accuracy and
be subjected to periodic calibration, according to the rules given in ISO 9001.
Specific requirements on the accuracy and verification of the measurtng systems
are described in IEC 60060 series and IEC 60076-8.
Where it is required that test results are to be corrected to a reference temperature, this
shall be:
a) for dry-type transformers, the reference temperature shall be according to the gener-
al requirements for tests in IEC 60076-11;
b) for liquid-immersed transformers with rated average winding temperature rise less than
or equal to 65 K for OF or ON, or 70 K for OD;
1) reference temperature is 75 "C; I

2) on request by the customer, reference temperature is rated average winding

temperature rise + 20 "C, or rated average winding temperature rise + yearly external
cooling medium average temperature, whichever is higher;
c) for liquid-immersed transformbrs with other rated average winding temperature rise, the
reference temperature is equ'al to rated average winding temperature rise + 20 "C, or
rated average winding temperature rise + yearly external cooling medium average
temperature, whichever is higher.

lf a purchaser needs to make a comparison between the losses of transformers in category b)

with transformers in categories a) and c) (with different insulation systems and with different
average winding temperature rises) it is necessary for the reference temperature to be
determined according to b)2 above. lf the purchaser wishes to make such a comparison, he
shall state this in the tender inquiry.
NOTE 1 For existing designs, the conversion between losses at alternative reference iemperatures is performed
by calculation. ll is not intended that any type tests, including the temperature rise test, would nee{ to be repeated
solely as a result of changing the reference temperature.

il;:ioirler Serkan i(af - No. of Usei"is):'! - Ccrr;:arry: CZGiJNE { Ete<TRlK

ali.a{j. }io.' '..1iS-2C'1 1-11C231 - IfulP(}RTA}.IT: Tnjs iil'e is copyright c{ lEC. Ge::;ra, S.;l!.2*rtat}a. Ail frJj:ls iast.',ea
I'lrs.'rie ll; sitniei::i lil;? i;{:pnf:e ailraFrrrpnt Fnflrririoc ti} trlna:i. r-,,qr.:+r,,r?}igr',-r. - ?c! -31 '}') c-:c |tt l1
 -46- 60076-1 @ lEc
2011
than 20 'c' the actual
NOTE 2For yearly average external cooling medium temperatutes significantly-diflerenttemperature' The aclual
at the reference
losses experienced in service may be different than the losses derived- profile'
losses experienced In service will depend on both the load and tempefature
specification of
Liquid-rmmersed transformers shall be tested with the same type and
liquid that they will contain in service
NOTE 3 The Intention is that the transformer is tested with a liguid such thal
the test resulls are
fully represenlative of the performance of the transformer in service,
All measurements and tests requiring power frequency supply shall be performed with the
supply frequency within 1
o/o
ol the raied frequency of the transformer. The wavbshape of the
uubbry votiage inatt oe such that the total harmonic content does not exceed 5 %.
lf this
condrtton is not satisfied then the effect of the waveshape on the measured parameter shall
be evaluated by the manufacturer and subject to approval by the purchaser' LosS
measurements should not be corrected downwards to account for harmonics in the supply
voltage except as allowed in 11.5. Where a three-phase supply is used, the supply voltage
shall be symmetrical. The maximum voltage across each phase winding under test shall not
differ from the minimum voltage by more than 3 %.

Any inability of the manufacturer to perform the test or measurement at the rated freguency
shall be stated by the manufacturer at the tender stage and appropriate convdrsion factors
agreed.

The following list of tests is not in any specific order. lf the purchaser requires the
tests performed in a particular order, this shall be included in the enquiry.
11.1.2 Routine tests
11.1.2.1 Routine test for all transformers
a) Measurement of winding resistance (11.2).
b) Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement (11.3).
c) Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss(11.4).
d) Measurement of no-load loss and current (11.5).
e) Dielectric routine tests (lEC 60076-3).
f) Tests on on-load tap-changers, where appropriate (11.7).
g) Leak testing with pressure for liquid-immersed transformers (tightness test) (11.8).
h) Tightness tests and pressure tests for tanks for gas-filled transformers (refer to
60076-
15)
i) Check of the ratio and polarity of built-in current transformers.
j) Check of core and frame insulation for liquid immersed transformers with core or
rame insulation (11 .12\.
f

11.1.2.2 Additionat routine tests for transformers with Um> 72,5 kV

a) Determination of capacitances windings-to-earth and between windings.
b) Measurement of d.c. insulation resistance between each winding to earth and
between windings.
c) Measurement of dissipation factor (tan 6) of the insulation system capacttances.
d) Measurement of dissolved gasses in dielectric liquid from each separate oil compart-
ment
except diverter switch compartment.
e) Measurement of no-load loss and current at 90 % and 11 0 % of rated voltage .(1 1 .5)

11.'1.3 Type tests

a) Temperature-rise type test (lEC 60076-2).
r\?-i rhrr\/ ri rt/Tr'\it/
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 - 47 -

b) Dielectric type tests (lEC 60076-3).

for which
c) Determinatton of sound level (lEC 60076-10) for each method of cooling
a guaranteed sound level is specified

d)Measurementofthepowertakenbythefanandliquidpumpmotors'l
e) Measurement of no-load loss and current at 90 % and 110 o/o ol rated voltage'

11.'1.4 SPecial tests

a) Dielectric special tests (lEC 60076-3).
b) Winding hot-spot temperature-rise measurements
c) Determination of capacitances windings-to-earth, and between windings'
d) Measurement of dissipation factor (tan 6) of the insulation system capacitances.
e) Determination of transient voltage transfer characteristics (Annex B of IEC 60076-3:2O00)'
f) Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) on three-phase transformers (11.6).
g) Short-circuit withstand test (lEC 60076-5).
h) Measurement of d.c. insulation resistance each winding to earth and between windings.
i) Vacuum deflection test on liquid immersed transformers (11.9)
j) Pressure deflection test on liquid immersed transformers (11.10).
k) Vacuum tightness test on site on liquid immersed transformers (1.11).
l) Measurement of frequency response (Frequency Response Analysis or FRA). The
test procedure shall be agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
m) Check of external coating (lSO 2178 and ISO 2409 or as specified).
n) Measurement of dissolved gasses in dielectric liquid.
o) Mechanical test or assessment of tank for suitability for transport (to cus-
tomer specification).
p) Determination of weight with transformer arranged for transport. For transformers up to
1,6 MVA by measurement. For larger transformers by measurement or calculation as
agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.

Other tests for transformers may be defined in the specific documents for special-
ized transformers such as dry-type, self-protected and other groups.
tf test methods are not prescribed in this standard, or if tests other than those listed above
are specified in the contract, such test methods are subject to agreement.

11.2 Measurement of winding resistance

11.2.1 General
The resistance of each winding, the terminals between which it is measured and the
temperature of the windings shall be recorded. Direct current shall be used for the measure-
ment.

In all resistance measurements, care shall be taken that the effects of setf-induction
are minimized
11.2.2 Dry-typetransformers
Before measurement the external cooling medium tcmperature shall not have changed by morc than J 'C'
fbr at leasr 3 h and all winding temperatures of the transformer measured by the internal

i)rs',ornet. $erkan Kaq - No. of User{si: 1 - Ccnysany: AZAUN7Y ELEKTRIi<.

Otct)t f\u. NS-2A1 1-0102.31 - IMPO'ITANT: This file js copyr;gnt of tEC. Gene\ra, Saitz.erlan(. Ail rghts tese{re'J
a"i.. - all,- ,^ -., tl,,..t
 -48- 60076-1 0 IEC:
2011

temperature
temperature sensors shall not differ from the external cooling medium
Dy

more than 2 'C.

windlng resrstance and winding temperature shall be measured at the same positions'
time-- The
winding temperature shall be measured by sensors placed at representative
and low-
preferabty inside the set of windings, for example, in a duct between the high-voltage
voltage windings.

11.2.3 Liquid-immersed type transformers

After the transformer has been under liquid without excitation for at least 3 h' the average
tiquid temperature shall be determined and the temperature of the winding shall be deemed to
be the same as the average liquid temperature. The average liquid temperature is taken as
the mean of the top and bottom liquid temperatures.

ln measuring the cold resistance for the purpose of temperature-rise determination, special
efforts shall be made to determine the average winding temperature accurately. Thus, the
difference in temperature between the top and bottom liquid shall not exceed 5 K. To obtain
this result more rapidly, the liquid may be circulated by a pump'

11.3 Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement

The voltage ratio shall be measured on each tapping. The polarity of single-phase trans-
formers and the connection symbol of three-phase transformers shall be checked. lf a voltage
measurement is used, the voltages of both windings shall be measured simultaneously.

11.4 Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss

The short-circuit impedance and load loss for a pair of windings shall be measured at rated
frequency with voltage applied to the terminals of one windlng, with the terminals of the other
winding ihort-circuited, and with possible other windings open-circuited. (For selection of
tapping for the test, see 6.5 and 6.6). The supplied current should be equal to the relevant
rated current (tapping current) but shall not be less than 50 % thereof. The rneasurements
shall be performed quickly so that temperature rises do not cause significant errors. The
difference in temperature between the top liquid and the bottom liquid shall be small enough
to enable the mean temperature to be determined accurately. The difference in temperature
between the top and bottom liquid shall not exceed 5 K. To obtain this result more rapidly, the
liquid may be circulated by a pump.

The measured value of load loss shall be multiplied with the square of the ratio of rated
current (tapping current) to test current. The resulting figure shall then be corrected to
reference temperatu.re (11.1). The /2R loss (R being d.c. resistance) is takeh as varying
directly with the temperature and all other losses inversely with the temperature. The
measurement of winding resistance shall be made according to 11.2. The temperature
correction procedure is detailed in Annex E.

The short-circuit impedance is represented as reactance and a.c. resistance in series. The
impedance is corrected to reference temperature assuming that the reactance istconstant and
that the a.c. resistance derived from the load loss varies as described above.

On transformers having a tapped winding with tapping range not exceeding t5 %, tne
short-circuit impedance shall be measured on the principal tapping.

For transformers with tappings exceeding a voltage variation of 5 % from the principal
tapping, impedance values shall be measured for the principal tapping and the extreme
tapping(s) exceeding 5 %. Measurements at other tap positions may be specified in the
enq u rry.

Ciistonrer: Serkan Kr:g - No. of User(s). 1 - Conrparry: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order Nc.. WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copyright o{ lEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 -49-
shall
lf the tapping range is asymmetrical, if specified by the purchaser, measurements
also be made on the middle taPPing.
different two-
On a three-windlng transformer, measurements are performed on the three and losses to
winding combinatidns. The results are re-calculated, allocating impedances
for specified loading cases involving all
individual windings (see tEC 60076-8). Total losses
these windings are determined accordingly.
voltage and
NoTE 1 For transformers with lwo SeCOndary windings having the same rated power and ratedit may be agreed
equal impedance to the primary (sometimes referred to as'dual-secondary transformers'),
that the symmetricat loading case is investigated by an extra test with both secondary
windings
short-circuited simultaneously.
good measuring
NOTE 2 The measurement of load loss on a large transformer requires considerable care and
equipment because of the low power factor and the often large test currents. Any errors and external
circuit losses
should
should be minimized. Correction for measuring transformer eirors and for resistance of the test conneclions
be applied unless they are obviously negligible (see IEC 60076-8)

11.5 Measurement of no-load loss and current

The no-load loss and the no-load current shall be measured on one of the windings at rated
frequency and at a voltage corresponding to rated voltage if the test is- performed on the
principal tapping, or to the appropriate tapping voltage if the test is performed on another
iapping. The remaining winding or windings shall be left open-circuited and 'any windings
which can be connected in open delta shall have the delta closed. Where indicated in 111.2
and 1'1.1.3, the measurement shall also be made at 90 % and 110% of ratqd voltaEe (or
appropriate tapping voltage).

The transformer shall be approximately at factory ambient temperature.

For a three-phase transformer, the selection of the winding and the connection to the test
power source shall be made to provide, as far as possible, symmetrical and sinusoidal
voltages across the three phases.

The test voltage shall be adjusted according to a voltmeter responsive to the mean value of
voltage but scaled to read the r.m.s. voltage of a sinusoidal wave having the same mean
value. The reading of this voltmeter is Ul

At the same time, a voltmeter responsive to the r.m.s. value of voltage shall be connected
in parallel with the mean-value voltmeter and its indicated voltage U shall be recorded.

When a three-phase transformer is tested, the voltages shall be measured between line
terminals, if a delta-connected winding is energized, and between phase and neuiral terminals
if a YN or ZN connected winding is energized.

Phase to phase voltages may be derived from phase to ground measurements,,but phase
to neutral voltages shall not be derived from phase to phase measurements.
The test voltage wave shape is satisfactory if the readings U'and U are equal within 3 o/o. lf
the difference between voltmeter readings is larger than 3 %, the validity of the test is subject
to agreement. A larger difference may be acceptable at higher than rated voltage unless this
measurement is subject to guarantee.
NOTE 1 lt as recognlzed that the most severe loading conditions for test voltage source accuracy are
usually imposed by large single-phase transformers.

The measured no-load loss is Pn",, and the corrected no load loss is taken as:

Po= P^ (1 + d)

.l
Custorrer. Serkan Koe - No. ol User(s;: - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTR|K
Or-der rr-o.: !!S-2011-010231 - lI\4PORTANT: Tt.ris {ile is copyriqht of lEC, Geneva. S.rt'itzerland. Ail r;ghts reserved.
Thjs file is sub.iecl to a licence agreement. Enquir:es to Ernbit: ;[email protected] - Te;.: +41 22918A2-11
 -50- 60076-1 C IEC:2011

ul' ..-..r"
I II
(usuallY negative)
d=
U'

For
The r.m.s. value of no-load current is measured at the same time as the loss'
a
phases is taken'
three-phase transformer, the mean value of readings in the three

The no load losses shall not be corrected for any effect of temperature'
in mind that
NOTE 2 In deciding the place of the no-load test in the complete tesl sequence, it shguld be borne
are, in general,
no-load toss measurements performed before impulse tests andlor resistance measurements
representative of the average loss level over long iime in service, assuming, that lhe core is notrpre-magnetized'
tests, th€ core
That means, if no-load testJare carried out after resistance measurements and/oI lightning impulse
out'
of the transformer should be demagnetized by overexcitation before the no-load test is carried

11.6 Measurement of zero-sequence impedance{s) on three-phase transformers

The zero-sequence rmpedance is measured at rated frequency between the line terminals of a
star-connected or zigzag-connected winding connected together, and its neutral terminal- lt
'iu
expressed in ohms per phase and is given by
'" , vv5gls U is the test voltage and / is the test

current.

The test current per I shall be stated in the test report.

pnase 3
It shall be ensured that the current in the neutral connection is compatible with its
current-carrying capability.

In the case of a transformer with an additional delta-connected winding, the value of the test
current shall be such that the current in the delta-connected winding is not excessive, taking
into account the duration of application.

lf winding balancing ampere-turns are missing in the zero-sequence system, for example, in a
star-star-connected transformer without delta winding, the applied voltage shall not exceed
the phase-to-neutral voltage at normal operation. The current in the neutral and the duration
of application should be limited to avoid excessive temperatures of metallic constructional
parts.

In the case of transformers having more than one star-connected winding with neutral
terminal, the zero-sequence impedance is dependent upon the connection (see 3 7 3) and the
tests to be made shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and thb purchaser.

For autotransformers and YY transformers, there are several combinations, of tests

to perform:

HV with LV open circuit;

HV with LV short circuit;
LV with HV open circuit;
LV with HV short circuit.

For YD transformers, the zero sequenoe impedance is measured from the Y slde only.

Auto-transformers with a neutral terminal intended to be permanently connected to earth shall

be treated as normal transformers with two star-connected windings. Thereb!, the series
winding and the common winding together form one measuring circuit, and the common
winding alone forms the other. The measurements are carried out with a current rlot

;lr,s,.ctrer. $erkai-r Koq - No. of Use.is). n , Crsrnpany. OZGUNEY ILEKTRIK

-IIIPOhTANT: Tnisiilb;sjop',r;ghl .cilEC_,Geirevl$v.:iizerian'J Aii.rignlsre:'er..'ed
l:Tl .No.,yv;,:-911-9;0231
 60076-1 @lEC:2011 -51 -
side and the
exceeding the difference between the rated currents on the low-voltage
high-voltage side.
between voltage and
NoTE 1 ln conditions where winding balancing ampere-turns are missing' the relation give useful
In case, measurements at different values of current"may
current is generally not linear. that seve-ral
rnfo rmation,

The zero-sequence impedance rs dependent upon-the physical disposition of.the windings

and the
NOTE 2 particular,.for a transformet with a
magnetic pans, measurements on different *ind,;;t may tnerefore. not agree. In
and the neutral
zigzag winding the zero sequence impedance meaiured-between line terminals connected together
value to that obtained when a three phase symmetrical voltage is applied and one line
miv iesuft in-a different
terminal is connected to the neutral
winclings
NOTE 3 An additional zero-sequence impedance test may be required for transformers with delta
wtth two connections to one corner brought out so that it can be either open or closeo'

NOTE 4 Further guidance is given in IEC 60076-8.

11.7 Tests on on-load tap-changers - Operation test

With the tap-changer fully assembled on the transformer, the following sequence
of operations shall be performed without failure:

a) with the transformer de-energized, eight complete cycles of operation (a cycle of oper-
ation goes from one end of the tapping range to the other, and back again).
b) with the transformer de-energized, and with the auxiliary voltage reduced to 85 % of
its rated value, one complete cycle of operation.
c) with the transformer energized at rated voltage and frequency at no load, one com-
plete cycle of operation.
d) with one winding short-circuited and, as far as practicable, rated current in the tapped
winding, '10 cycles of tap-change operations across the range of two steps on each side
from where a coarse or reversing changeover selector operates, or otherwise from the
middle tapping (the tapchanger will pass 20 times through the changeover position).

11.8 Leak testing with pressure for liquid immersed transformers (tightness test)
The transformer manufacturer shall perform an agreed test to prove the transformer tank will
not leak in service. lf there is no agreement, a pressure of at least 30 kPa over the normal
liquid pressure shall be applied and maintained for 24 h for transformers greater'than 20 MVA
or 72,5 kV, and 8 h for transformers of lower rating and voltage. Typically, this is applied
either using a liquid column or gas pressure in the conservator. Thereafter, the entire
transformer shall be visually inspected for leaks. For tanks that are specifically designed to be
flexible for liquid expansion (corrugated), leak and lifetime tests need to be agreed.

1'1.9 Vacuum deflection test for liquid immersed transformers

This test is applicable to transformers designed to be vacuum filled in their own tanks on site.

Generally, these transformers are transported without liquid.

Where specified the deflection of the tank when vacuum is applied and the perma-
nent deflection of the tank when the vacuum is released shall be measured"
The test shall be carried out on the transformer when it is complete in all relevant
respects and on all compartments that require vacuum to be applied on-site"

Before vacuum is applied, a suitable measuring reference point, attached rigidly to the test
room structure or floor, independent of the transformer shall be established as close as
possible to the point on the tank where the maximum deflection under vacuum is expected.
The distance from the reference point to the tank wall in a direction approximately normal to
the tank wall shall be measured and noted. l

i
L!srom€r. Serkan l(r:q - No. of Use(sj' - Company: OZGUNFY E.EKTRIK
Order Nc.: \rVS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copyright oi lEC. Geneva. S'criueriand. A!i !-ignts !-eserleii.
T;'rrs fiie is srbject ts a iicence agreement. Enquiries ic Ernail: ci:[email protected] - Tei.. +41 22 919 C2 11
 - 52 - 60076-1 I IEC:
201 1

Following the application of the vacuum to the level required for the
site. operation ' the
a approximately normal to the
distance from the reference point to the tank wall in direction
between
under vacuum is the difference
tank wall shall be measured again. The deflection
this measurement and the first measurement.

The vacuum shall then be released and a third measurement of the distance frorn the
reference point to the tank wall in a direction approximately normal to the tank wall shall be
taken The permanent deflection is the difference between this measurement' and the first
measurement.

Alternative equivalent methods of measurement may be used and additional measurernents

on the opposite side of the transformer may be required to compensate for tank movement
during the test.

Normally the expected deflection under vacuum and the permanent dellection shall be
catculated and declared by the manufacturer before the test. Alternatively the following typical
values shall be used:

a) medium range transformers between 20 MVA and '100 MVA:

r p€frT'r3fl€nt deflection after vacuum is released: 1 mm;
b) large power transformers (with plain tank walls), above 100 MVA:
r poffTl?oont deflection after vacuum is released: 5 mm-
lf the expected values are exceeded, the test shall be repeated to see if the tank dimensions
have stabilized. lf not, remedial actions, for example adding additional stiffening to the tank,
shall be carried out,

11.10 Pressure deflection test for liquid immersed transformers

Where specified, the deflection of the tank when pressure is applied and the perrnanent
deflection of the tank when the pressure is released shall be measured. For tanks that are
specifically designed to be flexible for liquid expansion (corrugated), this test is not
applicable.

The test shall be carried out on the transformer when it is complete in all relevant re-
spects and filled with liquid lt shall be carried out on all separate compartments that contain
liq u id.

Unless otherwise specified, the test pressure in the tank shall be 35 kPa over the normal
operating pressure. lf the transformer is fitted with pressure relief devices, the pressure,
applied during this test shall exceed the pressure required to operate the pressure relief
device by at least 10 kPa. Pressure relief devices will therefore need to be blanked off during
this test.
NOTE The specified overpressure may conveniently be applied by adjusting the heighl of a liquid column
(for example by lifting a separate conservator attached to a crane).

Before pressure is applied, whilst the tank is at its normal working liquid levdl, a suitable
measuring reference point, attached rigidly to the test room structure or floor, independent of
the transformer shall be established as close as possible to the point on the tank where the
maximum deflection under pressure is expected, taking into account the expected deflection.
The distance from the reference point to the tank wall in a direction approximately normal to
the tank wall shall be measured and noted.

Following the application of the additional pressure, the distance from the reference point to
the tank wall in a direction approximately normal to the tank wall shall be mea,sured again.
The deflection under oressure is the difference between this measurement and the first
measurement.

slorr€' SerK;jl Kot - f\.:. of Lrser(s;. 1 - Corrrparrr' OZCUTf V E;Enl-RiK

,"\'S:2?lt C1O1:1 isjrotryrighl cf tEC_: Gerlevet Sv/irT.erlarit)_..Ail.tigrrls reservec
rer",\i.r.:
1undnf 1ru1 Thrs flle
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 - 53 -
measurernents
Alternative equivalent methods of measurement may be used and additional
required to compensate for tank movernent
on the opposite side of the tranSformer may be
drrrinn
vsr rrt:, tha tAc.t

The pressure shal then be reduced back to the originally established level and a third
measurement of the distance from the reference point to the tank wall
in a direction
approximately normal to the tank wall shall be taken. The permanent deflectton is the
difference between this measurement and the first rneasurement

Normally the expected deflection under pressure and the permanent deflection shall be
calculated and declared by the manufacturer before the test' Alternatively the following
typical
values shall be used:

a) medium range transformers between 20 MVA and 100 MVA:

r pBrrTt?0ent deflection after overpressure: I mm;
b) large power transformers (with plain tank walls), above 100 MVA:
r p€rrT1?n9nt deflection after overpressure. 5 mm.

lf the expected values are exceeded, the test shall be repeated to see if the tank dimensions
have stabilized. lf not, remedial actions, for example adding additional stiffening to the tank,
shall be carried out.

11.11 Vacuum tightness test on site for liquid immersed transformers

This test is applicable to transformers designed to be vacuum filled in their own tanks on site
and transported without liquid. Following erection on-site but before liquid filling, the ability of
a transformer that requires the application of vacuum for filling or other site operations to hold
a vacuum without admitting air shall be demonstrated as follows.

A vacuum to the highest level required by the site operation shall be applied fdr a period of
two hours or until a stable vacuum level is obtained. The vacuum pump shall then be stopped
and the transformer sealed.

The vacuum inside the transformer shall then be monitored, using a suitabie vacuurn gauge
until a steady rate of change of vacuum is observed. The increase in pressure shall be less
than 0,2 kPa per hour measured over a period of at least 30 min.

'11.12 Check of core and frame insulation

This test shall be carried out on all liquid immersed transformers which incorporate insula-
tion separating core and frame and/or frame and tank.

For transformers where the core and frame earth connections are not accessible when the
transformer is liquid filled, the insulation shall be tested at 500 V d.c. for 1'min without
breakdown before the active oart is installed in the tank.

For transformers where the core and frame earth connectrons are accessibie when the
transformer is liquid filled, the insulation shall be tested at 2 500 V d.c. for 1 min without
breakdown after the transformer is filled with liquid.

'12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

Power transformers shall be considered as passive elements in respect to emiision of,
and immunity to, electromagnetic disturbances.
NOTE 1 Certain accessortes may De susceptible to electromagnettc interference.

i).t:laner Serkan Kor; - No. oi Useris)- 1 - CcrnS:any. OZGUNEY ETE.KTRiK

Orier Nc.: t1'S-201 1-410231 - |iI4PORTANT. This file is copyrighr ol lEC.Cerieta,S'Niiza,lat\{J. Aii rignls rasf..{ic
Thls fiie ;s subject 1o a licence agreernent. Enquiries to Email. r;ustserv@iec-cn - 1ei.. +41 22 919 A2 11
 -54- 60076-1 @ IEC:
2011

NoTE 2 passive etsments are not lieble to cause electromagnetic disturbances and their p"ko't"n"" i"

13 High frequency switching transients

Switching tighily toaded andlor low power factor (inductively loaded) trangformers with
-""0-SF.
;;;il; 'fvlHzthe
interrupters may subject transformer to potentially damaging voltage
transients with f-requencies up to the -notand
range voltages exceeding the transformer
impulse withstand. Mitigation measures, while part of the transformer, might include
means to increase damp-ing through resistor-capacitor snubbers, pre-insertion resistors within
the switches, or switching-under load. lf speciiied by the purchaser, the mandfacturer shall
ptouide details of natural iesonant frequencies andlor high frequency model parameters of the
transformer. '
NOTE MorE information is ayaileble in IEEE C57.142 Guide to describe the occurrence and mitigation
of switching transients induced by transformer, switching device, and system inleraclion

w-sssttns'*?{h

Customer: Serkan Kog - No. of User(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order No.: WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This filb is_copyright of lEC,.Genevl !wit4grtg{, 4ll-!gfr!s reserved.
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 - 55 -
Annex A
(informative)

Check list of information to be provided with enquiry and order

A.1 Rating and general data

A.1.1 Normal information
The following information shall be given in all cases:

a) Particulars of the specifications to which the transformer shall comply'

b) Kind of transformer, for example, separate winding transformer, auto-transfol,mer or
series transformer.
c) Single or three-phase unit.
d) Number of phases in system. ,

e) Frequency.
f) Dry-type or liquid-immersed type. lf liquid-immersed type, whether mineral oil, natural
insulating liquid or synthetic insulating liquid. lf dry-type, degree of protection (see
rEc 60s29).
g) lndoor or outdoor type.
h) Type of cooling.
i) Rated power for each winding and, for tapping range exceeding !5 %, the spec-
ified maxrmum current tapping, if applicable
lf the transformer is specified with alternative methods of cooling, the respective lower
power values are to be stated together with the rated power (which refers to the rnost
efficient cooling).
j) Rated voltage for each winding.
k) For a transformer with tappings (see 6.4):
whether'de-energized' or'on-load' tap-changing is required;
- any requirements for fixing the ratio of turns between two particular windings on
a more than two winding transformer,
- whether any tapping or range of tappings can be reduced power tappings,
- the number of tapping steps and the size of the tapping step or the tapping range;
and either:
which winding is tapped;
if the tapping range is more than t5 %, the type of voltage variation, and
the location of the maximum current tapping, if applicable,
nl

direction of power flow (can be both directions);

which voltage shall vary for the purpose of defining rated tapping voltage;
minimum full load power factor.
l) Highest voltage for equipment (Ur) for each winding line and neutrai terminals
(with respect to insulation, see IEC 60076-3).
m) Method of system earthing (for each winding).
n) Insulation level and dielectric test levels (see IEC 60076-3), for each wlnding line
and neutral terminals.
---5ir jr)ef Serkan Kcg- Nc. r-ri User{s} i - Cornpany. OZGUITJEY E.EKIRiK
- ilv4PORTANT. This fiie is copyrigrii of iEC. Geneva , S'v:i,,2'zrianc. Aii figiris tes.:tred.
{-)rr:er i4,';. 1/iS-201 1-',}1A231
iir;:frli:;s!ubJecltoa!;cenceagree.']efrl.Ir;i.iuiriesloErnait.custserv@ieccn--le;. -41,22g',982".'1
 - 56 - 60076-1 O IEC:
2011

o) Connection symbol and neutral terminal requirements for each winding'

p) Any peculiarities of installation, assembly, transport and handling' Restrictions
on dimensions and mass.
q) Details of auxiliary supply voltage (for fans and pumps, tap-changer, alarms, etc')'
r) Fittings required and an indication of the side from which meters, rating plates, liquid-
level indicators, etc., shall be legible.
s) Type of liquid preservatlon system.
t) For multi-winding transformers, required power-loading combinations, stating, when
of multi-
necessary, tne attive and reactive outputs separately, especially in the case
wi nding auto-transformers.
u) Guaranteed maximum temperature rise information.
v) Unusual servrce conditions (see Clause 4 and 5.5).
w) Details of type and arrangement of terminals, for example air bushings or cable box or
gas insulated bus bar.
x) Whether the core and frame connections should be brought out for external earthing.
A.1.2 Special information
The following additional information shall be given if the particular item is required by
the purchaser:
a) lf a lightning impulse voltage test is required, and whether or not the test is to
include chopped waves (see IEC 60076-3).
b) Whether a stabilizing winding is required and, if so, the method of earthing.
c) Short-circuit impedance, impedance range (see Annex C). For multi-winding
or
transformers, any impedances that are specified for particular pairs of windings (together
with relevant reference ratings if percentage values are given).
d) Tolerances on voltage ratios and short-circuit impedances as left to agreement in Table
1, or deviating from values given in the table.
e) lf a transformer has alternative winding connections, how they should be changed,
and which connection is required ex works.
f) Short-circuit characteristics of the connected systems (expressed as short-cincuit power
or current, or system impedance data) and possible limitations affecting the trans-
former design (see IEC 60076-5).
g) Details of sound-levei requirements, guarantees, and special measurements
(see IEC 60076-10).
h) Vacuum withstand of the transformer tank, conservator, and cooling equipment if
a
specific value is required.
i) Any special tests not referred to above which are required by the purchaser.
J) Loss evaluation information or maximum losses.
k) Any physical size limitations, for example for installation on an existing foundation or in a
building. Special installation space restrictions which may influence the insulation
clearances and terminal locations on the transformer.
l) Shipping size and weight limitations. Minimum acceleration withstand values if higher
than specified in 5.7.4.2.
m) Transport and storage conditions not covered by normal conditrons described in 5.7 4
ano
LZ-
^a

n) Any particular maintenance requirements or limitations.

o) Whether a disconnection chamber is required for direct cable connections.

alrsiornef. Serkan KcE - No. of User{s): 'i - Cornpany: OZGUNEY ELEKI-RlK

i)rCerNo..WS-2011-C:0231 -ifllrrORTANT Thisfileisco'lyi'ightcf lEC.Geneva,Su;jtzeriand.Ali rigilis.ilsorr,:.i
 60076-1 @lEC:2011 -57-
the transformer on
q) Any particular environmental considerations regarding the impact of
desrgn' sde Annex G'
the environment that shall be taken into account in th-e transformer
account in the
r) Any particular health and safety considerationS that shall be taken into
maintenance and
transformer design regarding manufacture, installation, operation,
disposal, see Annex G
s) Unusual electrical operating conditions as follows:
1) whether transformer is to be connected to a generator directltr or through
a
switchgear, and whether it will be subjected to load rejection conditlons and
any special load rejection conditions.
Z) whether load current wave shape will be heavily distorted. Whether unbal-
anced three-phase loading is anticipated. In both cases, details to be 9iven.
3) whether a transformer is to be connected directly or by a short length of over-
head line to gas-insulated switchgear (GlS)
4) whether transformers will be subjected to frequent overcurrents, for example,
furnace transformers and traction feeding transformers'
5) detaits of intended regular cyclic overloading other than covered by 5.1.4 (to
enable the rating of the transformer auxiliary equipment to be established)'
6) unbalanced a.c. voltages, or departure of a.c. system voltages from a substantial-
ly sinusoidal wave form.
7) loads involving abnormal harmonic currents such as those that may result
where appreciable load currents are controlled by solid-state or sirnilar de-
vices. Such harmonic currents can cause excessive losses and abnormal heating.
S) specified loading conditions (kVA outputs, winding load power factors, and wind-
ing voltages) associated with multi-winding transformers and autotransformers.
9) excitation exceeding either 110 o/o rated voltage or 1 10 o/o raled Y I Hz.
10) planned short circuits as a part of regular operating or relaying practice.l
11) unusual short-circuit application conditions differing from those in IEC 60076-5.
12) unusual voltage conditions including transient overvoltages, resonance, switch-
ing surges, etc. which may require special consideration in insulation design.
13) unusually strong magnetic fields. lt should be noted that solar-magnetic distur-
bances can result in telluric currents in transformer neutrals.
14) large transformers with high-current bus bar arrangements. lt should be noted that
high-current isolated phase bus ducts with accompanying strong magnetic fields
may cause unanticipated circulating currents in transformer tanks, cove,rs, and In
the bus ducts. The losses resulting from these unanticipated currents may result in
excessive temperatures when corrective measures are not included in the design.
15) parallel operation. lt should be noted that while parallel operation is not unusual, it
is advisable that users advise the manufacturer when paralleling with
other transformers is planned and identify the transformers involved.
16) regular frequent energisation in excess of 24 times per year.
17) frequent short circuits.
t) Unusual physical environmental conditions
1) altitude above sea-level, if in excess of 1 000 m (3 300 ft).
2) special external cooling medium temperature conditions, outside the normal
range (see 4.2 b)), or restrictions to circulation of cooling air.
3) expected seismic activity at the installation site which requires special consideration.
4) damaging fumes of vapours, excessive or abrasive dust, explosive mixtures of
dust or gasses, steam, salt spray, excessive moisture, or dripping water, elc.
5) abnormal vibration, tilting, or shock.

Lr)sioner'. Serkart l{aq - No. of tjser(s); 1 - Ccrr'rysan'1 . CZGi-rruf v ELHKTT{.1(

Ord,er Nrs.. W3-2011-A1Q231 - IMPOR.TAtuT: Ihis file ;s copyrigirt o( lEC. Geneva, Sw,lzeriat\{),. Ail rtgrrts r*\erv4'J.
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011
-58-
A.2 Parallel oPeration
lf parallel operation with existing transformers is required, this shall be stated and
given:
ine Jottowing information on the existing transformers
a) Rated Power.
b) Rated voltage ratio.
c) Voltage ratios corresponding to tappings other than the principal tapping'
d) Load loss at rated current on the principal tapping, corrected to the appropriate refer-
ence temPerature, see 11.1.
e) Short-circuit impedance on the principal tapping- a-nd on the extreme taPPings, if the
voltage on the extreme tappings is more than 5
o/o different to the princiPal taPPing.
lmpedance on other tappings if available.
0 Diagram of connections, or connection symbol, or both.

NOTE On multi-winding trantformers, supplementary informetion witl generally be required.

.*us$u***

customer: serkan Koc - No. of user(s): 1 - companv: oZGUNEY ELEKTR|K

Order No": WS-201 t-OtO2}t - IMPORTANT: This filb is copyright of lFC, Geneva, Switzerland. All rights reserved.
 60076-1 o IEC:2011 -59-
Annex B
(informative)

Examples of sPecifications for

transformers with taPPings

8.1 Example 1 - Constant flux voltage variation

Transformer having a 66 kV/20 kV three-phase 40 MVA rating and a t10

o/o tapping range

on the 66 kV winding, with 11 tapping positions. short notation: (66 t 5

x2%) l20Kv'

category of voltage variation

CFVV
rated power: 40 MVA
rated voltages:
66 kV/20 kV
tapped winding:
66 kV (taPPing range +10 i
Yo)

number of tapping Positions:

11

lf this transformer shall have reduced power tappings, say, from tapping -O %, adO:
maximum current tapping: tapping -G %

The tapping current of the HV winding is then limited to 372 A from the tapping -6 % to
the extreme tapping -1Oo/o where tapping power is reduced to 38,3 MVA.

8.2 Example 2 -Yariable flux voltage variation

6 = 6.32 kV to 6 = 5.22 kY
0,95 1,15

category of voltage variation:

VFVV
rated power: 20 MVA
rated voltages: 66 kV/6 kV
tapped winding: 66 kV (tapping range +15 oh, *5 Yo)

number of tapping positions: 13

tapping voltages of 6 kV winding: 6,32 kV, 6 kV, 5,22 kV ,

lf this transformer shall have reduced power tappings, add for example:
maximum current tapping taPPing +$ o7o

The 'tapping current' of the untapped winding (LV) is then limited to 2 020 A from the tapping
+5 % to the extreme tapping +15 o/o where the tapping power is reduced to 18,3 MVA.

tl\

Customer: Serkan Kog - No. of User(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order No.. VVS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This file is copyrrqht of lEC, Geneva, Swiizerland. All rigltts reser'Jed
T! i- {lt - i.. ^, .Li,.-t
 60076-1 @ tEC.2011
-60-
8.3 Example 3 - Combined voltage variation
40 MVA rating and a !15% tapping range on
Transformer havrng a 160 kVtz} kV three-phase is at +6 oh' and there
voltage tapping),
the 160 kV winding. The changeover point (maximum
in the CFVV range al -9 o/o:
is also a maximum current tap-ping

tapped winding:160 kV, range + 10 x 1,5 o/o'

Table B.1 - Example of combined voltage variation

Tappings Voltage ratio Tapping

ap voltage
Tapping cutrent a9-

tsv Itu power

unu uw

KV KV A A s
18,43 't25,6 1 155 36,46
1 (+15 %) 9.20 169,6
136,2 1 155 40
7 (+6 o/o) 8,48 169.6
144 .4 1 155 40
11 (0 %) 160
20
.FQ A 'l 155 40
17 \-9 %) 145,6
158.7 'r 080 37 ,4
21 (-15 %) 6.80 20

be used on a iating plate

NOTE 1 On completing with data for intermediate tappings, the preceding table can

NoTE 2 compare this specification and a CFVV specification which would be

(160+15%)t20kV-40MVA

The difference is that the HV tapping vottage, according to the example, does not.exceed
the'system highest
value). The quantity'highest voltage for equipment'
voltage,of the HV system, which'is llOxV lieb stanOarOized
which characterizes the insulation of the winding, is also 170 kV (see IEC 60076-3)'

8.4 Example 4 - Functional specification of tapping

The principle of the functional specification of a transformer with tappings according to 6.4.3
is to'provide a framework for the specification of the operational requirements iinitst leaving
the detailed design of winding and tapping arrangements to the manufacturer'

The three specific requirements that shall be properly defined are:

the operating voltage;

the load current caPabilitY;
the impedance. l

Unless otherwise specified, the maximum operating voltage is to be taken as being on any
tapping and is an upper limit on the voltage on all windings simultaneously, for example a
step d6wn transformer with a +15 o/o LV tapping and a specified maximum operating voltage of
+10 oh of rated voltage will not be used at no load on that tapping at HV voltages exceeding
-5 % of rated voltage, but on load, the tapping may be used at higher HV voltages to
compensate for voltige drop in the transformer Short periods of operation at higher LV
voltage may be required under load rejection situaiions'

The current on the load side is given by the rated power divided by the rated voltage (at the
principal tapping). A transformeispecified according to 6.4.3 will be capable of dupplying this
load current at all tapping positions. Alternatively, the load current capability may be specified
for each tapping.
particular care needs to be given to the specification of impedance in percentaEe terms an0
the basis in terms of voltage and power shall either be explicit or follow the conventton
that

Custcnrer: Serkan Kog - No. of User'(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Oirter Nc : WS-201 t-CtlZ:t - twtpoRfArut: This fi{'e is copyri0hi of lE? Geneva, Sivi?erland..All.righls resern'ed.
'l-hrs t:ie is subleci to a ticence agreemenl. Enquiries to Emarl. [email protected] - Tei.: +4i 22919 A2 a1
 60076-'1 o IEC:20'11 - 61 -
rated power at principal tapping and
the impedance for a particular tapping is based on the the voltage variation shall be glven
only,
the voltage of that paitrcufar tapping. Forthis reason
as erther on the HV or the LV'

the resulting transformer

The following are examples of such a specification and

B.4.1Example4.1-TransformerspecifiedwithHVvo|tagevariation
Transformer to be surtable for step down operation i
rated power s': 70 MVA at principal tapping
rated voltages: 220 kV / 90 kV
maximum oPerating voltage: +10 ok
number of taPPing stePs: 26

size of taPPing steP: 1 % I

o/o
variation on HV voltage: +10 o/o
-15
impedance.. 10 % on all tappings on 70 MVA base
minimum full load Power factor: 0'8

Table 8.2 - Example of functional specification with HV voltage varia'

Rated Max Rated Tapping Short-circuit sc

Tappings No load tapping continuous tapping ponrer impedance curront
voltage voltage voltage (on cu rrent available
load) on LV at
220 kv
u^u uru HV LV /xv lr-v sr"o z zru
MVA d2l KA
KV KV KV KV A %
Phase

1 (+10 o/o) z,oJ 242 on 242 99 't67 449 70 10 84, 4,08

'7d 76 4,28
7 (+5 o/o) 2,57 231 YU z.1z 9V 175 449

11 (0 ok) 2.44 220 90 242 99 184 449 70 10 69 4,49

,Ja ZUY YU 211 44V tv IU ga

\-a ao )

)7 l-1^ o/^\ t na 1R qo 2A2 99 a19 70 1n 5f} )9

a referred to 7 MVA

NOTE 1 The shori circuit current available at the LV terminals with 220 kV applied to the HV terminals rs
calculated as follows assuming no system network impedance.

220 100 s
/sc -lx/tu x'-- x r
uHv t St"o

NOTE 2 The impedance z in the example is constant with tap position for simplicity. This is not necessar,ly a
realistic situation.

NOTE 3 The impedance of the transformer in terms of ohms per phase is calculated as follows

)
zU HV
Lu.' A-
100
-
s-

Clistomer: Serkari KcE - No. of Userlsi: 1 - Conrpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Order No.: WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT: This {ile is copyright.of lEC, Geneva, Sw'ilerlaild..Ail.rights reserved.
 60076-1 e lEc'.2011
-62-
B.4.2Examp|e4.2-TransformerspecifiedwithLVvo|tagevariation
Transformertobesuitab|eforstepdownoperation
70 MVA at PrinciPal taPPtng
rated Power:
rated voltages:
220kv I 90
KV

maximum oPerating voltage: oh

+10

number of taPPing steps:

26

size of tapping step:

1

variation on LV voltage: o/o

+10 -15
o/o

e
Rated tapPing Max 1l o/o oara[ taq )ir{pn0 0tSVAircuit sc
voltage continuoqgi gg taPPing povvet impedance current
voltage (on current available
loadI on LV at
220 kv

urv uru HV LV lxu Ir-v St"o z zsv

% {21 KA
KV KV KV KV A A MVA
Phase

220 242 oo 165 449 63 10 69 4,99

1 (+10 Yo) z,I z 81

242 99 175 449 66.5 10 6b 4,73

7 (+5 %) 2,57 220 85,5

220 90 242 99 184 449 70 10 69 4,49

11 (0 %) 2,44

-/o) zzv z4z I:'J 41J , J,: IU bU

\-) .,JJ

4n? 5 ta2 q9 t1 AA9 fn5 10 AO 10n

27 (-15 0/"\ t1 22r)

a referred to 70 /lVA,

Serkan Koq - No. of User(s): 1 - Conpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

w-i-Iol:drozgr - nrrpOifnr.rf fliiJni'e tiiopvrighr of lEC, Geneva, Switzerland. All-rights reserved
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011 -63-
Annex G
(informative)

Specification of short-circuit
impedance bY boundaries

30

28

26

t
(,
24

22
o
c(s
!t0t 20
CL
.E 18

16

14

EC Aav'r1

The upper boundary is a constant value of short-circuit impedance as a percentage, which is detErmined by the
permissible voltage drop at a specified loading and at a specified power factor.

The lower boundary is determined by permissible overcurrent on the secondary sicte during a throulh-fault'

The dashed line is an example of a transformer short-circuit impedance curve which would satisfy this
specification.

Figure C.1 - Exampte of specification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries

q.sss$re$'sq\h

Cusromer: Serkan Koc - No. of User(si: 1 - Companv: OZGUNEY ELEKTR|K

Oioii po., w-S-2Ot t-dtOZSt - TMPORTANT: This fitb is copyright of lEC, Geneva, Switzeiland. All rights reserved;
 60076-1 'd IEC 2011
-64-
Annex D
(informative)

Examplesofthree.phasetransformerconnections
Common connections are shown in Figure D'1 below

rlllll al)? I
???
A
IQ? +

ill
lll
y0
tf
ltJul
Dd0
I tl ,/'\ lfIt-Jllu tl
Dz9
I

iiiiii ???
??? EQ? + ltl
/--
lll
lll
ltIUUI[ [ /\/\
lffi

|l || tl

??? o?? ??? I

lt
trl I A
I
ill--l f Il /'\
I
lll
ll! A
Yd1 Dv1
???
/ ??? / lft
Httf 1
ttl

\
lll
lll
lr#
n
l"-l
|| tt
tt? ??? I
??? t
lH
+

lll
lrl
I

I
[
lllu"l[ /'\ ttl
I

Yd5 Dv5
??? tt'1 ??? _1_1_1
lilHttl (
[l""ll [ lt \
-n-l
I
I[[|
r..l--r--1_t

U
L-.] LJ
I

|| ff-rr
Iil
l-"-l
-"^\
il ill
#l+ffi
I

ofe { aot
??? I

Yy6
t_]J
I

Dd6
fl|l ,/'\
Oz6
[l"-l [ tl
???
??? ??? \----7

Iutl Yt
ffifrm
lffi t---

iil il f
tl--t
t
Vi lt nt till
lffill
ll-al--'tl
IJ IJ IJ
{
??? t ?l)? ???
lll
lll -\ Il-"1tf I /'\ tll
lll
d11 Dyl 1 11

e?e \ ??? \
il il ti L.' lll
lrl
)-

tEc 686/11

Conventions of drawing are the same as in Figure 2 (Clause 7) of the main documenl

Figure D.'l - Comrnon connections

Ci-is\arrier. Serkan Kog - No. of Usertrs), 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

Orcier No.: WS-201 1-010231 - IMPORTANT. This fil-e is copyright of lEC, Geneva, Sv'rilzej-land. Aii-rtghts reserveo
: c*r"i;-^.- c-^ir' 41
Thic{i,o;.. o,,*;/t/'tt^ -t,^a^/.,\ ^'""' ^'^a^ht
 60076-1 @ IEC:2011

Additional connections are shown in Figure D'2be-

ot? I .la
ililil
l--l
od2
A 1ilil
Dz2
l'JlJl

e??
ott .t ttl
I lt I ---
f--7 lffi
l| lt tt
a|'? + .?e I

lt I ll
Dd4
A tfItl
Dz4
/\

_L1-1 ???
fiil| /\
D\
||llil
I 'frTr ||l
-lnl-l

||l ft ill
| -F

le-t
-f ---l
I
)*,

??? ate ???

ttl A liltl ltl
+ +
+

lll l"-l /\ lll -\

Dy7 Yz7

?JJ- ??? ???

ililil I I[[I \- illilHl

ffil
l...ffill
Vr" | L- I L- ll
ll--l UUU I Hilill
-
tu

fl|l A
oQl + EQ?

ill--l il tl A
/\ l--l
Dd8 Dz8

???
L\
t---

ililtl
lt-"r
eQt afa

A
+

fiil1
Dd10
A [l--l [
DzlO
tl
e??
ef? ttt
l|iltl
IUUI
r-;--;l
ililil
tEC 687/11

Conventions of drawing are the same as in Figure 2 (clause 7) of the main document

Figure D.2 - Additional connections

Custorner Serkan Koq - No. r..rf User(s): 1 - Company: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

Orcer No. WS-201 1-A10231 - TMPORTANT: Thjs file is copyrighl of lEC, Geneva, Sv;itzerianC. Ali right$ reser'{sd.
O n'] t 1
Fnnt tirioc tn trmril' ri, clqor',/iilion 'h - T^i +A )') Ol
ThiS file iS Sr:hiCci tn a licenr:e z.'re1tnpnl r
'
 -66- 6007611 e lEC. 201 1

l{l

' tEC 68U11

of connections of three-phase auto-transformers

- D.3 - Designation
Figure
by Connection symbols (auto-transformer YaO)

4-r(i) (iD (D (ii)

tEc 689t11

Figure D.4 - Example of three single-phase transformers connected

to form a three-phase bank {connection symbol YdS)

Clrstomer Serkan Koq - No. of User(s): 1 - Comparry: OZGUNEY ELEKTRiK

Ofder No.i WS-201 1-010231 - IMpORTANT: This file is copyr;ghl of lEC, Geneva, Sw;lzerland. All righl,s reservetj,
ihis file is slbiect lo a l;cence aoreemenl, Fnor iirlcs ln Fmail' cr rsleerv ll'iee eh -'f p! ' +41 22 q1q n? 11
 60076-1 O IEC:2011 -67 -
Annex E
(normative)

Temperature correction of load

List of sYmbols
(11'2)''
lndex 1 refers to measurement of 'cold winding resistance'
loss (1 1'4);
lndex 2 indicates conditions during measurement of load
indicates conditions at'reference temperature' 1'1 );
(1
r
R resistance;
e winding temPerature in 'C;
P load loss;
tapping
I specified toad current for loss determination (rated current,
loading case);
.uirlnt, other specified value related to a particular
a
'additional loss'.
The measured value is R''
The winding resistance measurement is made at a temperature 01'
The measured loss
The load loss is measured with the winding at an average temperatule e2
is of 'onhic loss': /2R, and
referred to specified current I. is P2. Ttnis loss composed
'additional loss': P"t

Rz = Rtffi (copper) Rz = Rtffi (atuminium)

P^z = Pz -2,'n,
T
L/
ItR" is sum of the d.c. resistive losses in all windings'

At reference temperature 9,, the winding resistance is R,, the additional loss P"r' lhe
whole load loss P..
I

o,
22? + (aluminium)
R, = (copper) R. = R,
R1
#H+ 225+\

Par = Pa2ffi Par = Pa2

225 + 02
225 + 0,

For liquid-immersed transformers with reference temperature 75 "C, the formulae become
as follows: I

Rr : Rr R. = R. ,,100, (aluminium)
225+\
"#*(copper)
235 + 02 n 225+02
Par = Pa2 tsar = ra7 300
310

Finally: P, = ll2R, + P^,

Cr$tome!'. Serkan Kog - No. of User(s): 1 - Conrpany; OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK
Or'<jer No..VlS-201 t-OlOZ3l - il\4PORTANT: This tii'e is copyright c{ lEC. Geneva, Srvltzerlano, Ail,ngni.s
feseri/ec
ii;,s iiie is subject to a licence agreer,reilt. Enqurries io Enrbil. [email protected] - Tei '41 22919 A2 11 I
 60076-1 e IEC:2011
-68-
Annex F
(informative)

Facilities for future fitting of condition

monitoring systems to transformers

for the future fitting of a monttortng

where it is destred to provide the necessary facilities
;;;i;; to a transforr"r, tn" folowing sensors and facilities should be considered. The actual
manufacturer and Purchaser and will
sensors and facilitrei provided shall be agreed between
deoend on the size and criticality of the transformer'

Further guidance is contained in CIGRE brochure 343'

Table F.1 - Facilities for condition monitoring

Suggested preparation for monitor'

mg

Bottom oil temPerature Sensor

Gas-in-oil content (single outpui) Facility to fit sensor

Moisture in oil Facility to fit sensot

Oil level in conservatot alatm Alarm contacl

Oit level In conservator indication Sensor

Multiple gas monitor Facility to fit sensor

Partial discharge sensor Facility to fit sensor

DC neutral current Facility to fit sensor

Magnetic circuit Earth connection brought oul

Cooling medium temperature Sensor

Cooler operation Flow sensor or auxiliarY contact

Cooler inlet oil temperature Sensol

Cooler outlet oil temPerature Sensor

Voltage at bushing tap Facility to fit transclucer

Load current Additional ct

Bushing oil pressure Facility to fit senso r

Tap-position Sensor
Active power consumption of motor drive Facility to fit transducer
Diverter switch compartment oil temperature Facility to fit sensor

Selector comoartment oil temperature Facility to fit sensor

Main tank temperature near tap-changer Facility to fit sensor

Diverter oil level indication Facility to fit sensor

Diverter oil level alarm Alarm contact

Diverter oil condition Facility to fit sensor
Diverter switching supervision Auxiliarv coniacts in diverlet
Winding hot-spot temperature Sensor

.i
Cl:sio!-ner. Serxan Kog - No. oi Userisi: - Cornpany. OZGUh]EY Ej-EKTRIK
5r<ier No.: trVS-201 t,CtOZ:t - IMPORTAI'.iT: This iil-e is ccpyrlght of lEC. Genera, Sw;izeriand. All :"ignts {?'srrrel
lnlsfileis*rriliecttoaiicenceaoreemenl Fncr;irlestnFrnaii'r:rrst:;prvl?}ier:r:h-Tei -41 22919i)2i1
 60076-1 O IEC:2011
69-

Annex G
(informative)

Environmental and safety considera-

be consrdered by both the manufacturer

The environmental impact of the transformer should
to disposal. The following factors should
and the user over tn"'tit"tin..," of the unil from design
-and
efforts made to minimise the overall
be taken Into account during tnls consiOeration
impact of production, use and disposal'
the follow-
1) The raw materials for the transformer should be evaluated against
ing criterion.
a) energy consumption during extraction, refining and production;
b) waste products and pollution during extraction, refining and production;
c) toxicity or other health effects of the materials or processes on workers
during extraction refining and production;
d) envlronmental impact of the material'
2) The specification and design of the transformer should conslder:
a) safety of persons during manufacture, installation, operation, maintenance
and disPosal;
b) energy consumption during the lifetime of the transformer;
c) sustainable use of raw materials in the transformer;
d) elimination or minimisation of the use of hazardous or environmentally damag-
ing materials;
e) containment of any hazardous or environmentally damaging materials;l
f) the disposal of the transformer, eliminating or minimising the use of materials
or mixtures of materials that will be difficult or lmpossible to re-use or recycle.
3) With regard to the manufacturing phase, the client should consider in the
specificltion and the manufacturei should consider during the manufacturing of the
transformer:
a) the use of an environmental management system (lSO 1a001);
b) the efficient use of energy and resources;
c) elimination or reduction of environmentally harmful emissions and waste;
d) re-use or recycling of anY waste;
e) health and safety of the workforce.
4) Other considerattons
a) energy use and environmental impact of transport to site;
disposal or re-use of any packaging material;
I
b)
c) the health or environmental impact of any substances which may be generated
by potential fault conditions;
d) the potential for release of environmentally damaging materials during abnor-
mal operation or fault.

i - Can4sany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

()tttorner Serkafi Kog - No. oi User(s).
()rtbtr No.. WS-201 1-A10231 - IMPORTAf'{T: This file is copyrrgnr tsl lEC, )er,r:ua, g'i'rit'zerland. All t"tgitis rit$e?ret
This{ileissubiecttoalicenceaqreement.FnauiriestoEmail ir,stserud)ict:r:n-1e.|. t41 22919(}7 1^.
 60076'1 rO IEC:-2011
-70 -

BibliograPhY
Chapter 421: Pow-
IEc60050-421.'1ggo,InternationalE!ectrotechnicalVocabuIary
er transformers and reactors
I

IEC 60060 (all parts), High-voltage test techniques

- Part 3: Guidance - Seismic lest methods
IEC 60068-3-3, Environmental testing
for equiPments
lightning impulse and switching
IEC 60076-4, Power transformers - Part 4: Guide to
imputse testing - Power transformers and reactors

f EC 60076-6, Power transformers - Part 6; Reacfors

transformers Part 7: Loading guide for oil-immersed pow'

lEc 60076-7, Power
er transf ormers

IEC 60076-8:1997, Power transformers - Part B: Application guide

levels'- Applica-
f Ec 60076- 10-1, power transformers - Part 10-1: Determination of sound
tion guide

lEc 60076- 12, power transformers - Part 12: Loading guide for dry-type power transform'

ers IEC 60076-1 3, power transformers - Part 13: Self-protected liquid-filled transformers I

IEC/TS60076-14, Power transformers - Part 14: Design and application of liquid-

immersed power transformers using highlemperature insulation materials

IEC 60076-'15: 2008, Power transformers - Part 15: Gas-fitled power transformers

IEC 60076- i6, power transformers - Part 16 : Transformers for wind turbines applicationt

IEC 60270, High voltage fest techniques - Partial discharge measurements

IEC 6031 O, Railway apptications - Traction transformers and inductors on board rolling stock

IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (lP Code)

IEC/TR 60616: 1978, Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers

IEC/TS 608i5 (alt parts), Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended
for use in polluted conditions

IEC 61378 (all parts), Convertor transformers I

sformers for d ustri al appl ica,t io n s

IEC 61 378-1, Convertor transformers - Part 1: T ra n in

IEC 61378-2, Convertor transformers - Part 2: Transformers for HV DC applications

1 To be published.

Cr-rsicx'ner: Serkan Koq - Nc. of Use(s): '1 - Company: OZGurufy ELEKTRIK

Oii"i ruu \ryS-201 t-AfiZSl - ttv,tpOtttRt tt: This fil'e is copyrighr of iEC. Geneva, Swirzertand. All righis 7E;'2r';et
f his {it*: is surrject to a licence agreenient. Enquiries to Embil: ;[email protected] - Tei.: '41' 22 9i9 C2 11
 60076-1 O IEC:201 1 -71-
phase-shiftin{ transformers
Guide for the apptication, specification, and testing of
tEc 62032,
equipmen't against
provided by enctosures for etectrical
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection
ixternal mechanicat impact (lK code)

ISO 3: 1973, Preferred numbers - Sedes of preferred numbers

on magnetic substrates - Measurement of

lso 21 78..1982, NOn-magnetic coatings
coating thickness - Magnetic method

ISO 2409:2 007, Paints and varnishes- Cross-cut test

pratection of steel structures
lso 1 2944 (all parts), Paints and varnishes - corrosion
by protective Paint sYstems
f SO 14001 , Environmental management sysfems - Specification with guidance for use

lso .141 22 (all parts), safety of machinery- Permanent means of access to machinery

ANSI/IEEE C57.12.00, Generat requirements for liquid-immersed distribution' power

and regutating transformers r

power
ANSt/tEEE C57.12.90, IEEE standard test code for tiquid-immersed distribution'
and regulating transformers
iEEE C57.142, Guide to describe the occurrence and mitigation of switching tran-
sienfs induced by transformer, switching device, and system interaction
CIGRE Brochure 156, Guide for customers specifications for transformers 100 MVA
and 123 kV and above
Cf GRE Brochure 204, Guide for transformer design review

CIGRE Brochure 343, Recommendations for Condition Monitoring and Condition Assess-
ment Facilities for Transformers

Cuslonrer: Serkan Koq - l',,1o. oi User(s): 1 - Conpany: OZGUNEY ELEKTRIK

OiCei l,io., WS-201 t-OtOZSt - TMPORTANT: This filb is copyright of lEC, Geneva, Swiizerland. Ali righls reserteo
This file is subiect to a licence aoreement. Enouiries to Em'ail: irrstservtOiec r:h - Tel. +41 22 Ug A? 11