Политика

Parliament – A formal discussion on a particular topic, often in the context of parliamentary

proceedings
Constituency – A member of the British Parliament elected to represent a specific area or group
of people.
Prime Minister – The head of the British government, responsible for leading the executive
branch.
House of Commons - The lower house of the UK Parliament where Members of Parliament
(MPs) are elected.
House of Lords – The upper house of the UK Parliament, not elected but made up of appointed
and hereditary members.
Speaker – An elected representative who presides over the debates in the House of Commons.
Cabinet – The group of government officials responsible for making laws.
Backbencher – A Member of Parliament who does not hold a ministerial or shadow ministerial
position.
Whips – Party officials responsible for ensuring that members attend and vote according to party
policy.
Debate – A formal discussion on a particular topic, often in the context of parliamentary
proceedings
To wage war – вести войну
Execution – казнь
Declare – объявлять
Civil – гражданский
Petition – петиция
Council – совет
Conference – конференция
Gathering – собрание
Court – суд
Negotiation – переговоры
Colony – колония
Sovereign – суверенитет
The legislature – законодательная власть
The executive – исполнительная власть
The judiciary – судебная власть
The opposition – оппозиция
The government – правительство
To form the government – сформировать правительство
To resign – подать в отставку
Resignation – отставка
To call an election – объявить о выборах
To elect somebody to Parliament, to be elected for a term of (5 years) – Избрать кого-то в
Парламент, быть избранным на срок (5 лет)
To hold an election – Провести выборы
To stand for election, the run-up to an election – Выдвинуться как кандидат, подготовка к
выборам
To put forward a candidate – выдвинуть кандидатуру
To win/ lose an election – Победить/проиграть на выборах
To run for election – баллотироваться на выборах
To run for president - баллотироваться в президенты
Voters/electors – избиратели/ выборщики
Popular/electoral vote – всенародное/ выборщиков голосование
Democracy – Демократия – A political system where power rests with the people.
Власть народа - Power of the people
Свободные выборы – Free elections
Защита прав человека - Protection of human rights
Разделение властей – Separation of powers (legislative, executive, judicial)
Autocracy – Автократия - A form of government where supreme power is concentrated in the
hands of one person, typically a dictator or monarch.
Абсолютная власть – Absolute power
Ограничение свободы – Restrictions on freedom
Отсутствие разделения властей – Lack of separation of powers
Oligarchy – Олигархия - A form of government where power rests in the hands of a small,
privileged group of people.
Monarchy – Монархия – A form of government where supreme power is vested in the hands of
a king or queen.
 Наследственная власть – Hereditary power
Absolute Monarchy – Абсолютная Монархия
Constitutional monarchy- Конституционная Монархия
Totalitarianism – Тоталитаризм - A form of government where the state has total control over
all aspects of public and private life.
Полный контроль государства – Total state control
Подавление свободы – Suppression of freedom
Культ личности - Cult of personality
Aristocracy – Аристократия - Rule by a privileged class or nobility.
Власть знати – Rule by the nobility
Republic- Республика – A form of government where power rests with the people through
elected representatives.
Выборы представителей народа – Elections of representatives
Глава государства – Head of state
Theocracy – Теократия - Rule by religious authorities.
Plutorcacy – Плутократия - Rule by the wealthy.
Militarism – Милитаризм – The belief that a country should maintain a strong military
capability.
Военная мощь - Military power
Внешняя политика- foreign policy
Внутренняя политика – internal policy

Экономика
Bargaining position – Переговорная позиция. This describes the strength or advantage a
person or entity has in negotiations, often determined by factors like available alternatives,
resources, and information.
Downturn – Экономический спад. This refers to a decline in economic activity, such as a
decrease in GDP, employment, or investment.
Freefall – Свободное падение. This literally means “free fall” and is used figuratively to
describe a rapid and uncontrolled decline in value or price, such as in the case of stock prices or
real estate.
Interest rates – Процентные ставки. This refers to the cost of borrowing money, expressed as a
percentage of the amount borrowed.
 Mortgage – Ипотека.This is a loan used to purchase real estate, with the property itself serving
as collateral.
Recession – Рецессия. This is a significant decline in economic activity, typically characterized
by a decrease in GDP for two consecutive quarters.
Costs – расходы
Profit – прибыль
Traditional Economy – Традиционная экономика – Economic decisions are based on customs,
beliefs, and traditions passed down through generations.
Market Economy – Рыночная экономика - In a market economy, economic decisions are made
by individuals and businesses based on supply and demand.
Free Market – Свободный рынок – A free market is a market economy with minimal
government intervention.
Boom – This refers to a period of rapid economic growth and prosperity. (Период быстрого
экономического роста и процветания.)
Deficit – This means a shortfall or shortage, especially of money. In this context, it refers to the
government spending more money than it receives in revenue. (Дефицит бюджета – это
ситуация, когда государственные расходы превышают доходы.)
Powerhouse – экономическая держава - This term describes a country or region with a strong
and influential economy. (Страна или регион с сильной и влиятельной экономикой.)
Bailout – финансовая помощь – This refers to financial assistance, often in the form of a loan
or grant, provided by a government or other institution to a struggling company or economy to
prevent its collapse. (Финансовая помощь, предоставляемая правительством или другим
учреждением испытывающей трудности компании или экономике для предотвращения ее
краха.)
Emerging – развивающийся – This describes countries that are in the process of rapid
economic growth and industrialization. (Страны, находящиеся в процессе быстрого
экономического роста и индустриализации.)
Peg - to fix the value of a currency to another currency or a basket of currencies. (Фиксировать
курс валюты к другой валюте или корзине валют.)
Capital controls – контроль движения капитала – These are government policies that restrict
the movement of capital into or out of a country. (Государственная политика,
ограничивающая движение капитала в страну или из страны.)
Asset – актив – This refers to any item of economic value, such as property, stocks, or bonds,
that can be owned by an individual or company. (Любой предмет экономической ценности,
такой как недвижимость, акции или облигации, который может принадлежать
физическому или юридическому лицу.)
 Recovery – восстановление – This refers to the process of an economy returning to a healthy
state after a period of decline or recession. (Процесс возвращения экономики к здоровому
состоянию после периода спада или рецессии.)
Inflation – инфляция – This refers to a general increase in the prices of goods and services over
time. (Общее повышение цен на товары и услуги с течением времени.)
A huge deficit – This phrase describes a significant shortfall in revenue, often used in financial
contexts. Sentence: The company experienced a huge deficit last quarter due to unexpected
expenses.
High demand – This means there is a strong desire for something, leading to a large number of
people wanting to buy or obtain it. Sentence: Electric vehicles are in high demand as consumers
seek more sustainable transportation options.
A strong recovery – This refers to a rapid and robust return to a healthy state after a decline,
often used in economic contexts.
Sentence: The economy experienced a strong recovery after the pandemic, with GDP growth
exceeding expectations.
Massive growth – This describes very rapid and significant increase in size, scope, or
importance. Sentence: The internet has seen massive growth in recent decades, transforming how
we communicate and access information.
An exciting prospect – This implies an opportunity or possibility that is thrilling and full of
promise. Sentence: The prospect of exploring space tourism is an exciting one for many people.
Wide exposure – This means something is widely known or seen by a large number of people.
Sentence: The social media campaign provided the company with wide exposure, reaching
millions of potential customers.
Wealth – богатство
Rocket – резко возрастать
Debt – долг
Reduction – сокращение