A4987-Datasheet
A4987-Datasheet
24-pin TSSOP The A4987 is supplied in two packages, a 24-contact QFN (ES)
with exposed thermal pad and a 24-pin TSSOP (LP). Both packages have exposed thermal
(LP Package) pads for enhanced thermal performance. The 24-contact ES is
4 mm × 4 mm, with a nominal overall package height of 0.75
mm. The 24-pin LP is a TSSOP with 0.65 pitch and an overall
package height of ≤1.2 mm. Both packages are lead (Pb) free,
with 100% matte tin leadframe plating.
Microcontroller or OUT1A
Controller Logic SLEEP
A4987 OUT1B
IN01
SENSE1
IN02
PH1
IN11
OUT2A
IN12
PH2 OUT2B
SENSE2
VREF GND GND
Selection Guide
Part Number Package Packing
A4987SESTR-T 24-pin QFN with exposed thermal pad 1500 pieces per 7-in. reel
A4987SLPTR-T 24-pin TSSOP with exposed thermal pad 4000 pieces per 13-in. reel
2
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
0.1 µF
Rosc
VCP
CP1
CP2
CHARGE PUMP 0.1 µF
VREG REGULATOR
OSC
0.22 µF
DMOS FULL-BRIDGE 1
To
VBB1
VBB2
Sense2
-
OCP
DAC
+
OUT1A
VDD
IN01 GATE
DRIVE SENSE1
IN02
PH1
CONTROL DMOS FULL-BRIDGE 2
LOGIC
IN11 VBB2
IN12
PH2
SLEEP
OCP OUT2A
OUT2B
PWM Latch OSC VCP VREG VREG
BLANKING
Mixed Decay
VREF
DAC
+
REF VREF
Sense2
-
Sense2 SENSE2
GND
GND
3
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
4
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
*In still air. Additional thermal information available on Allegro Web site.
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5 (R
Power Dissipation, PD (W)
θJ
A =
3.0 28
ºC
(R /W
2.5 θJ
)
A =
37
ºC
2.0 /W
)
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Temperature (°C)
5
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
Functional Description
Device Operation. The A4987 is designed to operate one DMOS FETs remain off. The off-time, tOFF, is determined by the
stepper motor in full, half, or quarter step mode. The currents in ROSC terminal. The ROSC terminal has two settings:
each of the output full-bridges, all N-channel DMOS, are regu- ▪ ROSC tied to VDD or ground — off-time internally set to 30 µs
lated with fixed off-time pulse width modulated (PWM) control ▪ ROSC through a resistor to ground — off-time is determined by
circuitry. Each full-bridge peak current is set by the value of the following formula:
an external current sense resistor, RSx , and a reference voltage, tOFF ≈ ROSC ⁄ 825
VREFx .
Percentages of the peak current are set using a 2-bit nonlinear Blanking. This function blanks the output of the current sense
DAC that programs 33%, 66%, or 100% of the peak current, or comparators when the outputs are switched by the internal current
disables the outputs. control circuitry. The comparator outputs are blanked to prevent
false overcurrent detection due to reverse recovery currents of the
Internal PWM Current Control. Each full-bridge is con- clamp diodes, and switching transients related to the capacitance
trolled by a fixed off-time PWM current control circuit that limits of the load. The blank time, tBLANK (µs), is approximately
the load current to a desired value, ITRIP . Initially, a diagonal pair
of source and sink FET outputs are enabled and current flows tBLANK ≈ 1 µs
through the motor winding and the current sense resistor, RSx.
When the voltage across RSx equals the DAC output voltage, the Shorted-Load and Short-to-Ground Protection.
current sense comparator resets the PWM latch. The latch then If the motor leads are shorted together, or if one of the leads is
turns off the appropriate source driver and initiates a fixed off shorted to ground, the driver will protect itself by sensing the
time decay mode. overcurrent event and disabling the driver that is shorted, protect-
The maximum value of current limiting is set by the selection of ing the device from damage. In the case of a short-to-ground, the
¯ Ē
device will remain disabled (latched) until the S̄ L̄ ¯ Ē
¯ P̄¯ input goes
RSx and the voltage at the VREF pin. The transconductance func-
tion is approximated by the maximum value of current limiting, high or VDD power is removed. A short-to-ground overcurrent
event is shown in figure 1.
ITripMAX (A), which is set by
When the two outputs are shorted together, the current path is
ITripMAX = VREF / ( 8 × RS) through the sense resistor. After the blanking time (≈1 µs) expires,
the sense resistor voltage is exceeding its trip value, due to the
where RS is the resistance of the sense resistor (Ω) and VREF is overcurrent condition that exists. This causes the driver to go into
the input voltage on the REF pin (V). a fixed off-time cycle. After the fixed off-time expires the driver
The 2-bit DAC output reduces the VREF output to the current turns on again and the process repeats. In this condition the driver
sense comparator in precise steps, such that is completely protected against overcurrent events, but the short
is repetitive with a period equal to the fixed off-time of the driver.
Itrip = (%ITripMAX / 100) × ITripMAX This condition is shown in figure 2.
It is critical that the maximum rating (0.5 V) on the SENSE1 and During a shorted load event it is normal to observe both a posi-
SENSE2 pins is not exceeded. tive and negative current spike as shown in figure 3, due to the
direction change implemented by the Mixed decay feature. This
Fixed Off-Time. The internal PWM current control circuitry is shown in figure 3. In both instances the overcurrent circuitry is
uses a one-shot circuit to control the duration of time that the protecting the driver and prevents damage to the device.
6
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
PHx
IN0x
IN1x
100.00
70.71
See Enlargement A
IOUT 0
–70.71
–100.00
Enlargement A
toff
tFD tSD
IPEAK
Slow Decay
Mixed Decay
IOUT
Fa
st
De
ca
y
Symbol Characteristic
toff Device fixed off-time
IPEAK Maximum output current
tSD Slow decay interval
tFD Fast decay interval
IOUT Device output current
8
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
Application Layout
Layout. The printed circuit board should use a heavy ground- The two input capacitors should be placed in parallel, and as
plane. For optimum electrical and thermal performance, the close to the device supply pins as possible. The ceramic capaci-
A4987 must be soldered directly onto the board. On the under- tor (CIN1) should be closer to the pins than the bulk capacitor
side of the A4987 package is an exposed pad, which provides a (CIN2). This is necessary because the ceramic capacitor will be
path for enhanced thermal dissipation. The thermal pad should be responsible for delivering the high frequency current components.
soldered directly to an exposed surface on the PCB. Thermal vias The sense resistors, RSx , should have a very low impedance
are used to transfer heat to other layers of the PCB. path to ground, because they must carry a large current while
supporting very accurate voltage measurements by the current
In order to minimize the effects of ground bounce and offset
issues, it is important to have a low impedance single-point sense comparators. Long ground traces will cause additional
ground, known as a star ground, located very close to the device. voltage drops, adversely affecting the ability of the comparators
By making the connection between the pad and the ground plane to accurately measure the current in the windings. The SENSEx
directly under the A4987, that area becomes an ideal location for pins have very short traces to the RSx resistors and very thick,
a star ground point. A low impedance ground will prevent ground low impedance traces directly to the star ground underneath the
bounce during high current operation and ensure that the supply device. If possible, there should be no other components on the
voltage remains stable at the input terminal. sense circuits.
Solder
A4987
Trace (2 oz.)
Signal (1 oz.)
Ground (1 oz.)
PCB
Thermal (2 oz.)
OUT2B OUT2A OUT1A OUT1B
Thermal Vias
GND
OUT2B OUT2A OUT1A OUT1B
R4 R5 R4 R5
GND C7
OUT2A
OUT1A
VBB2
SENSE2
SENSE1
VBB1
U1 OUT2B OUT1B
C7
PH2 PH1
PAD
GND GND
C3 CP1 REF
C1 GND
C6
CP2 A4987 IN01
C3 VCP VDD
C4
SLEEP
ROSC
VREG
C4 C1
IN02
IN12
BULK
IN11
ROSC
GND C2
CAPACITANCE
C6 C2
ROSC
VDD VBB
VDD VBB
ES package configuration shown
9
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
OUT2B
C3 C6
GND
U1
A4987 GND
C4 GND CP1
GND C3
CP2 PH2
OUT2A OUT2B
C5 R4 VCP
C4 VBB2
PAD C6
ROSC R5 VREG SENSE2
C5
OUT1A INO2 OUT2A
R4
C1 IN12
GND OUT1A
IN11
SENSE1
ROSC R5
ROSC VBB1
OUT1B SLEEP
OUT1B
VDD
GND GND GND C1 IN01 PH1
BULK
GND REF GND C2
CAPACITANCE
C2 VDD VBB
VDD VBB
10
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
8V 40 V
PGND GND
8V
IN01
IN02
VBB IN11 VBB
VREG SENSE VREG IN12 OUT
PH1 DMOS
PH2 Parasitic
DMOS VREF 8V
10 V DMOS
Parasitic ROSC Parasitic
SLEEP
GND GND GND GND GND
11
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
100.0 100.0
66.7
66.7
Phase 1 Phase 1
0 0
(%) (%)
–66.7
–66.7
–100.0 –100.0
100.0 100.0
66.7
66.7
Phase 2 Phase 2
0 0
(%) (%)
–66.7
–66.7
–100.0 –100.0
Figure 5. Step Sequencing for Full-Step Increments. Figure 6. Step Sequencing for Half-Step Increments.
12
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
100.0
66.7
33.3
Phase 1
0
(%)
–33.3
–66.7
–100.0
100.0
66.7
33.3
Phase 2 0
(%)
–33.3
–66.7
–100.0
13
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
Pinout Diagrams
ES Package LP Package
23 SENSE2
20 SENSE1
22 OUT2A
21 OUT1A
24 VBB2
19 VBB1
CP1 1 24 GND
CP2 2 23 PH2
VCP 3 22 OUT2B
OUT2B 1 18 OUT1B VREG 4 21 VBB2
PH2 2 17 PH1 IN02 5 20 SENSE2
GND 3 16 GND IN12 6 PAD 19 OUT2A
PAD
CP1 4 15 REF IN11 7 18 OUT1A
CP2 5 14 IN01 ROSC 8 17 SENSE1
SLEEP 12
ROSC 11
7
8
9
REF 12 13 GND
VREG
IN02
IN12
14
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
2.70
25× D C
4.10
0.08 C 0.75 ±0.05
SEATING
PLANE C PCB Layout Reference View
+0.05
0.25 +0.03
–0.07 0.02 –0.02
0.50 BSC
1
XXXX
Date Code
0.40 ±0.10 Lot Number
B
+0.10
2.70 Standard Branding Reference View
–0.15 E
2 Lines 1, 2, 3 = 6 characters
1
Line 1: Part Number
24 Line 2: 4 digit Date Code
+0.10 Line 3: Characters 5, 6, 7, 8 of
2.70
–0.15 Assembly Lot Number
15
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
0.65
7.80 ±0.10 0.45
4° ±4
24
+0.05
0.15 –0.06
B
3.00±0.05 4.40 ±0.10 6.40 ±0.20 0.60 ±0.15 3.00 6.10
A (1.00)
1 2
4.32±0.05
0.25
1.65
4.32
24X C SEATING PLANE
SEATING
0.10 C PLANE C PCB Layout Reference View
GAUGE PLANE
+0.05
0.25 –0.06 0.65
1.20 MAX For reference only
0.15 MAX (reference JEDEC MO-153 ADT)
Dimensions in millimeters
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
A Terminal #1 mark area
B Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface)
C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351
TSOP65P640X120-25M); all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all
adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process
requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer
PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal
dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5)
16
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
DMOS Dual Full-Bridge PWM Motor Driver
A4987 with Overcurrent Protection
Revision History
Number Date Description
5 March 21, 2012 Update Step Sequence and example layout
6 April 3, 2020 Minor editorial updates
7 April 30, 2021 Updated Package Outline Drawing (page 15)
17
Allegro MicroSystems
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com