AC EMU/MEMU POWER CKT

N.D.Turkar/PL/IRIEEN/NK
 V
C
B

MAIN TAP MAIN SMOOTHING TRACTION

TRANSFORMER CHANGER RECTIFIER REACTOR MOTOR
TAP W1/W2 TAP TRANSFER
CHANGING CHNGING SWITCHES
SEQUENCE CONTACTORS
NOTCH
OFF 0 W1 ---- ------
SHUNT 1 W1 T1 T7 &T9
2 W1 T1 T8
HALF 3 W1 T2 T8 &T9
4 W1 T2 T7
5 W1 T3 T7 &T9
6 W1 T3 T8
TAP W1/W2 TAP TRANSFER
CHANGING CHNGING SWITCHES
SEQUENCE CONTACTORS
NOTCH
7 W1 T4 T8 &T9
8 W1 T4 T7
9 W1 T5 T7 &T9
10 W1 T5 T8
11 W1 T6 T8 &T9
12 W1 T6 T7
 TAP CHANGING W1/W2 TAP CHNGING TRANSFER
SEQUENCE NOTCH CONTACTORS SWITCHES
Full power 13 W2 T1 T7 &T9
14 W2 T1 T8
15 W2 T2 T8 &T9
16 W2 T2 T7
17 W2 T3 T7 &T9
18 W2 T3 T8
19 W2 T4 T8 &T9
20 W2 T4 T7
21 W2 T5 T7 &T9
22 W2 T5 T8
 Secondary winding
Across Voltage kVA
a3 – a4 78.2 100
a3 – a5 156.4 200
a3 – a6 234.6 300
a3 – a7 312.8 400
a3 – a8 391.0 500
a1 – a2 391.0 500
a1 – a4 469.2 600
a1 – a5 547.5 700
a1 – a6 625.6 800
a1 – a7 703.8 900
a1 – a8 782.0 1000
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1. Current at 25KV is taken from OHE to the
primary winding of the main transformer via
the pantograph, the vaccum circuit breaker
and Ht cables which passes through the
coach.
2. The return path of this current is via the
earthing brushes mounted in the axle cap of
each traction motors and the running rails.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3. The transformer secondary consists of two
separate tapped and untapped windings
each of 391V. One half tapped winding is
divided into five sections each 78.2V.
4. In the first half of the notching sequence,
only the tapped portion of the winding is
used, while for the remaining notches both
tapped and untapped portions are connected
in series.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
5. The changeover is effected by means of
contacts W1 and W2 on the winding-
grouping switch and are only operated off
load.
6. This arrangement gives a total of 22 notches/
voltage steps by various connections of
transformer tappings and voltage dropping
reactors.
 DROPPING REACTOR DL
• The reactor DL is connected in such a position
in the circuit that for all notches when only the
tapped half of the secondary winding is in
circuit.
• it is in series with the output.
 DROPPING REACTOR
The purpose of this reactor are
1. To steepen the notching curves on low taps
2. To reduce the notching current swing.
3. To increase the short-circuit reactance of the
transformer in the low taps
4. To provide two extra notches 11 and 12.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• The switching of the transformer sections are
carried out by the tap changer contactors T1 to T9.
• Contactors T1 to T6 are connected to transformer
tappings and the required voltage is selected.
• Tapchanging is carried out by means of a reactor
TL, in conjunction with the two reactors T7 and T8
to give alternate notches with and without the
reactor in the circuit.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• A resistor is also provided in series with the
reactor but this is in circuit only during the
actual tap-changing operation being
immediately cut out of circuit when T9 closes.
• The purpose of this resistor is to ease the duty
on the opening contactor by reducing the
circulating current
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• Two capacitors of 0.05 microfarads are
connected between the two secondary
windings and earth to prevent the build up of
high voltages to earth on the windings when
they are not connected to the traction circuit
earth.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• This voltage which is controlled by the tap
changer contactors, is applied to the silicon
rectifiers, the full wave output of which is fed
to the traction motors via the smoothing
reactor.
• The motors are permanently connected in
parallel are cooled with filtered air taken from
the coach interior.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• The silicon-rectifier assembly consists of six
bridge circuits in parallel.
• Each bridge being protected on its AC side by
fuses.
• A surge-absorbing capacitor and series resistor
are connected across the AC input to the
rectifier bridges.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• The output from the rectifier assembly is
taken through a smoothing reactor to the
motor circuits.
• The four motors are arranged in parallel, and
are connected in circuit as required by the
four motor contactors M1 to M4.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• Each motor is protected by an overload relay
which trips the motor contactor in case of
overload.
• The direction of rotation of the traction motor
is reversed by reversing the connections to the
motor field windings.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• Motors 1 and 3 have current limit relays
connected in their circuits to control the
automatic acceleration of the train.
• The normal setting of the relay is 500 amp.,
which is reduced to 425 amps immediately
before the transition from notch 10 to notch
11 and again before the weak field.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• Operation of the motor cut-out switches
(MCOS) allows the unit to operate with any
one motor cut -out, or with a bogie pair of
motors cut-out.
• In any motor cut-out condition the current-
limit relay setting is reduced to 450 amp.
 POWER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• An earth fault relay(EFR) trips the air-blast
circuit-breaker/VCB in the event of an earth
fault occurring in any part of the motor circuit.
The relay has a flag which leaves an indication
that a trip has occurred.
• Protection against interruptions of line voltage
is given by a no-volt relay(NVR) which opens
the contactors in the traction circuit in the
event of failure of line voltage
 CHOKE TANK:
• The choke tank is mounted in under-gear of
the motor coach. It consists of SL, DL & TL.
 SMOOTHING REACTOR
• SL - Its function is to smooth the DC out put by
eliminating the AC ripples.
 DROPPING REACTOR
• DL- The dropping reactor is called DL. The reactor DL
is connected in such a position that it is in series
with the output of all notches when the tapped half
of the secondary winding comes in the circuit. The
purpose of the reactor is:
• To steepen the notching curves on low taps and thus
to reduce the notching current swing.
• To increase the short circuit reactance in the low
taps.
• To provide two extra notches i.e. 11th & 12th notch.
 TAP CHANGER REACTOR
• TL – The tap changing reactor is switched into
circuit during alternate electrical notches to
give an intermediate increase in voltage to
make notching and hence acceleration
smoother.