Faculty of Engineering & Science Presentation Outline and Topics

CONTENT
PROD 1043  PDD processes and methods:
 Product Design Specification:
Product Design & Development 1. Design Problems 2. Design Briefs 3. Product Design Specifications
4. Relationship between Need & PDS (Metrics): Quality Function Deployment

Lecture 5- Week 6 EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Understand the concepts and definition of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification.
By 2. Know how to prepare the documents for Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification fundamentally.
Dr Chi Hieu Le, Senior Lecturer 3. Recoganise the importance of preparation of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification for further steps in the product design development .
BEng, MEng, MSc, PGCHE, CEng, DrEng, FHEA, MIMechE
4. Understand how to transform from Design Brief or Customer Need to Product Design
Specification (Metrics)
Email: [email protected] or [email protected] 5. Know how do develop Quality Function Deployment (Need-Metrics diagrams) and
Competitive Benchmarking for design concept selections

Course Schedule – Lecture Contents Introduction to Design problem & Design Brief (1)
W LECTURE DATE CONTENTS
2 1 30/9/2016 • Course overviews, Design concepts: definition and classification
• Position of design within a company and manufacturing systems, Knowledge and skills for designers
I’ve been amazed at how often those outside the discipline of design assume that
3 2 07/10/2016
• PDD processes and methods – Overviews and general steps: Overview of product design and what designers do is decoration. Good design is problem solving.
4 3 14/10/2016 development, Total design - Sequential product development, Concurrent Engineering – Simultaneous
& Integrated product development —
5 4 21/10/2016 Tutorials, Labs and Group Projects
• PDD Processes and methods – Detailed steps and solutions: Design Problem and Design Brief; Jeffrey Veen, former User Experience Manager at Google
6 5 28/10/2016
Product design specification
7 6 04/11/2016 - Concept design: Function Analysis, Concept Generation and Concept Selection
Before you can start a design project you must find a ‘problem’ to solve.
8-9 7-8 11, 18/11/2016 Tutorials, Labs and Group Projects
10 9 25/11/2016 - Embodiment and detailed design
11
12-13
10
11-12
02/12/2016
09-16/12/2016
- Design documentation, Design for X
Tutorials, Labs and Group Projects
if design is problem solving, what is a problem?
14-17 Xmas & Self Study- Exam 09-13/01/2017
18 13 20/01/2017
• Design optimisation and material selections
 Some potential problems:
19 14 27/01/2017
• Advanced tools and technologies for Engineering Design and Product Development: Cancer, Hunger, Stress, Global Warming, Lack of Energy, Crime, Wars, High Cost or Price, etc.
20-22 17 3-10-17/02/2017 CAD/CAM/CNC/CAPP, CAE, 3D Visualisation and Animations, Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing, and
Reverse Engineering.
23 18 24/02/2017 • Product safety and liability
24-25 19-20 03-10/03/2017 • Intellectual property rights and Innovations in Design and Product Development.
26 21 17/03/2017  What make these problems?
• Tutorials, Labs and Group Projects
27 22 24/03/2017
28 23 31/03/2017
• Case studies and demonstration about PDD.  What’s a design problem? What is an engineering problem?
• Group project presentation and discussions
29 24 07/04/2017
30-31 14-21/04/2017 Easter Vacation: Revision/Self Study  Problems can also be represented as chains of causality: C1 C2 C3  PROBLEMS
32 24/04/2017 Revision/Self Study – End of Term 2
33-35 1/5-19/5/2017 Examination Weeks

Course Overview – Aim, Objectives and Key Contents Introduction to Design problem & Design Brief (2)

Aim: The course aims to provide students with fundamental backgrounds as well as practical and
 Fundamentally, defining the NEEDS  PRODUCTS & SERVICES
transferable skills that are required for engineering design and product development.
problem is an articulation of what
the designer sets out to Artifact = Products or Engineering Systems
 Students will gain an extensive knowledge of design and product development processes, methods
accomplish, what gap the
and technologies
designer is attempting to close.
 The problem definition is the
Introduction & concepts Advanced technologies for D&PD
WHAT but not the HOW.
DPD, Manufacturing System, Computer graphics, CAD/CAM/CNC, CAE,  Conceptually, the definition of a
Position of design, Knowledge Reverse Engineering, Rapid Prototyping
and skills for designers
design problem can be thought of
and Manufacturing
as comprising two elements: (1)
  the basic function of the artifact
Case Design & (product) and (2) the desirable
Studies & Product qualities of an artifact that
Demo Development performs that function
 NEEDS are desired qualities of an
  artifact (product)
Design & Product Development Product Safety, Reliability & IPR, Innovation
 NEEDS are those qualities that will A common defect in design is a
Design Process and Methods, Design
Product safety and liability
Optimisation & Material Selections
lead to the greatest satisfaction failure to understand the gap the

Intellectual property rights and Innovation
for target consumers user is experiencing.

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 Introduction to Design problem & Design Brief (3) PDD  Design problem & Design Brief (3)
Engineering Problem – Case study:
 Analysts have estimated a recall could cost up to $1.5bn (£1bn) whereas the cost of issuing free rubber
bumpers to alleviate the problem would be cheaper.
 Giving out the protectors would cost nearly $180m (£118m).
iPhone 4 Antenna Problem
 www.baddesigns.com

Individuals Companies Governments

Market Study & Challenges for Current

Motivations better products Products

Ideas Engineering Problems

Patents
Defining DESIGN PROBLEMS to be solved

PDD  Design problem & Design Brief (1) Design & Product Development Case Study – iPhone 6

Before you can start a design project you must find a

‘problem’ to solve. The ‘Design Brief’ follows the ‘Design ? Market
Assessment
& Problems
Problem’ and states clearly how you intend to solve the design
problem.
Specification
 The Design Problem and Design Brief are sometimes
viewed as two different sections of the design process.
However, they are very closely related.. Concept
Design

Ideas Engineering Problems

Detail
Design

Manufacture
Defining the design problems to be solved

Ideas / Problem Design Brief Specification Sale - Market

PDD  Design problem & Design Brief (2) Design & Product Development Case Study – Brand & Cost

10,000 USD

Individuals Companies Governments

Market Study & Challenges for Current

Motivations better products Products

500 - 700 USD

Ideas Engineering Problems

Patents
Ti
Defining DESIGN PROBLEMS to be solved &
Sapphire

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 PDD  Design problem & Design Brief (4) How to write Design Problems? (1)

 Engineers solve problems by creating new

Individuals Companies Governments products, engineering systems, services or
environments. Before creating something, it is very
important to define the problem. Otherwise, you
might develop something only to find that it does
Funding Military not meet the original goal or need.
Calls Projects  To define your problem, answer each of these
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) questions:
Total budget of €53.2 billion
What is the problem or need? Who = User
Who has the problem or need? What = Need
Front mounting plate of the injection
pump for diesel vehicles
Why is it important to solve? Why = Insight

[Who] need(s) [what] because [why]

If you are improving an existing solution, keep in mind that the improvements
Ergonomic chairs with will be part of your problem statement. Making something better, faster, or cheaper
the flexible ribs to should be part of your statement: either in the "what" portion and/or the "why" portion
support the spine

PDD  Design problem & Design Brief (5) How to write Design Problems? (2)

Case study: European FP7 – ICT Call 2011 - 2012 Challenge 1: Networking, networked
This Work Programme builds on European strengths, media and service infrastructures PROBLEMS
seizes opportunities in emerging fields and intervenes &
where public and EU support is needed to share risks and Challenge 2: Cognitive systems and
robotics NEED
build partnerships.
Call title: ICT call 7 Challenge 3: Alternative paths to
• Call identifier: FP7-ICT-2011-7 components and systems

• Date of publication: 28 September 2010 Challenge 4: Technologies for

digital content and languages
• Deadline: 18 January 2011, at 17:00.00 Brussels local
time Challenge 5: ICT for health, ageing
• Indicative budget: EUR 812.5 million well, inclusion and governance
Call title: ICT call 8 Challenge 6: ICT for a lower carbon General structure to write a design problem:
economy
• Call identifier: FP7-ICT-2011-8 1. General introduction & background of the problems: Area, topics and objects of interest? Who has the
• Date of publication: 26 July 2011 Challenge 7: ICT for manufacturing problem or need? Why is it important to solve?
& factories of the future
• Deadline: 17 January 2012, at 17:00.00 Brussels local 2. Statement of the problems: What is the problem or need?
time Challenge 8: ICT for learning and 3. Related issues: Budget, Design & Manufacturing Cost, Time Scale, Special Requirements, Potential
• Indicative budget: EUR 906,5 million access to cultural resources Market, and End-users

Design problem & Design Brief: How to write? How to write Design Problems? (3)

Writing Design Problem is important

Individuals Companies Governments
? When writing the Design Problem, do not say how you intend
Communication to solve the problem, only what the problem is.
Market Study & Challenges for Current
Motivations better products Products
SPECIFICATION?

INPUTS FOR DESIGN

Ideas Engineering Problems

Patents
Defining DESIGN PROBLEMS to be solved Problem? People need to travel from A to Engineering solutions needed to
B every day if a new industrial zone is transport 1000 people from A to B
developed. Air tickets are is expensive, every day. Expense: 100GPB per
Ideas / Problem only 10% are able to pay for … month…
Design Brief Specification

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 How to write Design Problems? (4) Tutorials – Group Project - Writing the Design Problem

1. General introduction & background of the

Examples about Design Problem – 1: Automatic pet feeders problems
2. Statement of the problems:
A local pet shop owner has been asked many times

Available products?  Challenges for better
to supply an automatic animal feeder by customers. products & Technical Solutions
Some customers have holiday homes and go away DB1  New requirements or features
at the weekend or for short breaks. DB2  New requirements or features
…
However, they do not always want to take along
their small pets (Hamsters etc.....) as they find this DBn  New requirements or features
inconvenient.
New products?  Challenges for better
products & Technical Solutions
Small animals like hamsters need very little care DB1  Challenge 1
and can be successfully left for short periods of
DB2  Challenge 2
time, as long as they are fed and watered.
…
The local pet shop owner has carried out a survey  Challenge 3
DBn
and found that there may be a market for a range of 3. Related issues: Budget, Design &
automatic pet feeders. Manufacturing Cost, Time Scale, Special
Requirements, Potential Market & End-users

How to write Design Problems? (5) Presentation Outline and Topics

CONTENT
Examples about Design Problem – 2: Products for reducing energy
consumption and use renewable energy sources.  PDD processes and methods:
 Product Design Specification:
Recently, the petrol and gas price is 1. Design Problems 2. Design Briefs 3. Product Design Specifications
expensive because of the high import tax
4. Relationship between Need & PDS (Metrics): Quality Function Deployment
and newly introduced laws by the
government for the next 10 years. In EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
addition, there is more and more concern
about the global warming problems. 1. Understand the concepts and definition of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification.
The government is currently funding for the 2. Know how to prepare the documents for Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
research and development of innovative GREEN CARS Design Specification fundamentally.
products and intelligent integrated systems 3. Recoganise the importance of preparation of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
that could help reducing the energy Design Specification for further steps in the product design development .
consumption and using the renewable 4. Understand how to transform from Design Brief or Customer Need to Product Design
energy sources. Specification (Metrics)
The indicative budget for the next 5 years is 5. Know how do develop Quality Function Deployment (Need-Metrics diagrams) and
Competitive Benchmarking for design concept selections
1.5 billion GPB.

How to write Design Problems? (6) Design Brief - Concepts & Requirements

More problems can be found at Bad Design: www.baddesigns.com  The ‘design brief’ follows the ‘problem’ and states clearly how you intend to
 Plugging in a USB connector solve the design problem.
The USB connectors are practically universal on computers today. I use one  The design brief is a statement about the need or problem and any expectations
almost everyday to connect a mouse to my laptop computer. My problem is
that when I try to plug the USB connector in, I frequently turn it the wrong
or specifications required for the solution.
way. I have seen other people have this problem. It is difficult to tell just by  A design brief is like a contract, because it sets out all of the conditions and
looking which way it plugs in. Usually, manufacturers print the USB symbol
on "top" of the connector so if the connector is oriented horizonally, the requirements that apply to a situation.
symbol faces up. That doesn't help if the connector needs to plug in vertically.
The USB symbol usually isn't very salient either.
 Design brief outlines the design goal and major constraints and considerations:
This is not a huge problem. When you try to plug it in the wrong way, it 1. The problem or the need
doesn't go in. You just need to flip it over and plug it in. But the problem is
persistent. I still catch myself doing this occasionally, even though I know it 2. The goals and tasks expected to be undertaken
is a problem. There are more than a billion of these connectors in use today.
Even if a billion people make this mistake only once and only lose a second 3. Any requirements for the solution, and any special conditions.
correcting the mistake, the lost time adds up to 31 years.

 Design suggestion
Ideas / Problem Design Brief Specification Concept Design
If the connector could be inserted either way and work, or if it was asymmetrical, like the mini
USB connector in Photo A., which plugs into B., this problem would be solved.

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 How to write a Design Brief (1) How to write a Design Brief (4)

Simple guides for preparing a Design Brief:

 Most critical elements of a design brief :
1. Always start the design brief with “… going to design and make .....”. This is followed by a
general description of the type of device you feel will answer the design problem.
1. Problem description: General description of the
engineering problem or the design project 2. Do not be too specific. The brief should be a general description that allows you flexibility
regarding the type of product you intend to make.
2. What is it that is trying to be solved? 3. Do not be specific about materials. It may be wise to avoid stating the exact materials it will
be manufactured from. Instead, describe the materials to be used as strong, tough, flexible,
I am going to design
3. Why is this needed? What outcomes are expected? natural, manmade, recycled, water-proof or similar general descriptions.
protectors to alleviate or
Where it will be used? to solve the antenna 4. Mention points such as safety, general size, what it will do or what are the functions of the
problem for iPhone 4 products, general properties of the materials needed, who it is for, basic cost of
4. End-user: Who is this being done for? Who will use manufacture or a lower and upper cost limits, circuit requirements and other points you feel
it? are important.
I am going to 5. The design brief ensures that important design issues are considered and questioned
5. Who are the key stake-holders in the project? develop or before the designer starts work.
design a product 6. If the brief is not clear, design work may be misdirected.
6. Scope and limitations: Constraints, budget and time
for ABC! 7. Design brief outlines the design goal and major constraints and considerations.

How to write a Design Brief (2) How to write a Design Brief (5) – Case study: Coffee Table

 Elements of a Design Brief:  Other structures Problem: My next door neighbour has been looking for a replacement
1. What problems or challenges are you are coffee table for some time, without success. The furniture he has seen
3. Design:
addressing: is too traditional and lacks a modern stylish theme. His existing coffee
What activities do you want to support
Design constraints table is looking old and worn as it has been used every day for at least
Design process: how it evolved
What do you hope people will learn Description of key features twenty years.
How it highlights key concepts, supports creativity
2. Existing approaches:
It has suffered from many spills and knocks over its many years of
4. Scenarios  End-users:
What’s already out there use. His existing table is not suitable for modern activities such as
How existing approaches informed your work Provide concrete example (or two) of how people will
How are they lacking Design principles/rationale use your design and discuss what they’ll learn as they
storing CDs, DVDs or even play station products. It was designed for
What guides your design use it
one function alone - for holding coffee cups, tea cups and associated
Examples:
items.
5. Evaluation:
 Low floor, high ceiling
 Encourage collaboration The design is from the 1960s and does not fit in with his modern
How did you introduce technology or activities to users
 Support multiple learning styles How/what did they learn as they used it? decoration or even the style of the rest of the furniture in the room. The
 Engage users in thinking about particular
ideas/concepts overall size of the existing table is too large and often gets in the way
6. Future directions: Suggest next steps for the project
 Foster creative expression and can even be a hazard.

How to write a Design Brief (3) How to write a Design Brief (6) – Case study: Coffee Table

Design Brief: I am going to design and make a modern coffee table that will look
I am going to design and make an automatic pet stylish and interesting. It will have a range of functions not only that of holding tea
feeder for a small animal. and coffee cups.
The feeder will be a prototype and it will be fully It will also have a storage area for items such as CDs, DVDs and play station
tested before being manufactured for potential equipment. The storage area will be adaptable so that it will suit the tastes of a range
customers. It will feed and water an animal on a of people.
regular basis ensuring its health and safety.
The product range will be manufactured from a variety of materials including natural
It will work through a number of circuits and woods and manmade boards.
mechanisms. The circuits will be low voltage, for
safety reasons. A PIC micro-controller may be used This will mean that it can be sold at a range of prices to suit the economic means of
as it can be reprogrammed allowing the timer to all potential customers. The product will be supplied as a flat pack or as a built piece
have different settings. of furniture.
The table will include a low voltage lighting system so that it can be the centre/focus
The feeder will be cheap to manufacture and be reliable and it will be supplied of the room at night. It will create a relaxed and calm atmosphere.
with a years guarantee. Recycled materials will be used where appropriate, for
environmental reasons and to reduce the overall cost to the customer. The table will be relatively cheap to purchase and be completely safe.

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 How to write a Design Brief (6) – Standard Template Product Design Specification – PDS (2)

1. Title page This diagram assumes that a conceptual Market

design for a product already exists Assessment
& Problems
2. Table of contents
Basic PDS
3. Company profile Specification
Company name
Specializations 5. Scope and limitations
Chief Engineer/Designer profile Constraints & requirements
Achievements – Track records Concept
Budget Design

4. Problem statement & main objectives Time

Problem description: General description of the engineering 6. Evaluation Detail

Design
problem or the design project General information about how will
 What is it that is trying to be solved? What challenges? the work be measured in terms of
 Why is this needed? What outcomes are expected? meeting the objectives set and at Overlap Overlap
what stage will the project be Final PDS Manufacture
End-user: Who is this being done for? Who will use it? judged a success or otherwise. Conceptual Detail
Embodiment
Who are the key stake-holders in the project? Design Design Design
7. Conclusion & Summary
Design & Manufacturing issues? Products on Sale - Market
8. References Basic PDS Final PDS
Description of key features of a product the markets

Presentation Outline and Topics Product Design Specification – PDS (3)

CONTENT Basic PDS

Market
Assessment &
 PDD processes and methods: Problem Design Brief Specification Problems
 Product Design Specification:
1. Design Problems 2. Design Briefs 3. Product Design Specifications ?
Specification
4. Relationship between Need & PDS (Metrics): Quality Function Deployment  The product design specification (PDS) evolves
from the design brief.
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
 While the design brief outlines the design goal and Concept
Design
1. Understand the concepts and definition of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product major constraints and considerations, the PDS
Design Specification. goes further to determine the precise limits for the
2. Know how to prepare the documents for Design Problem, Design Brief and Product full set of requirements in the product being Detail
Design
Design Specification fundamentally. designed.
3. Recoganise the importance of preparation of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification for further steps in the product design development .  Establishing product specifications and selecting Manufacture
4. Understand how to transform from Design Brief or Customer Need to Product Design design concepts is an integrated & iterative process.
Specification (Metrics)
5. Know how do develop Quality Function Deployment (Need-Metrics diagrams) and  The PDS increases in detail as the design becomes Sale - Market
Competitive Benchmarking for design concept selections progressively refined

Product Design Specification – PDS (1) Product Design Specification – PDS (4)

A Product Design Specification is a list of what the

product must do and what it must be like in order to
be successful.
ITERATION
It provides the criteria against which the final
CYCLE
product will be tested.
Increasing INTERACTION It is usually written as a series of numbered points
degree of
detail under the headings of; Purpose, Form, Function,
User requirements, Ergonomics, Aesthetics,
Materials and Production costs, etc.
The activity on one
level can and does The PDS also serves as the basis for the contractual
interact dynamically agreement between the design team and the
with activities on
other levels Sponsor Company.

Example of the typical industrial specification – PDS of Parasonic Electronic Devices

6
 PDS - Example – Customized Bicycle (1) Case study - Product Specifications (2)
http://www.specialized.com Customer Needs Engineering Challenges Design Problems PDS
The same products  Different functions, performance, size, cost, weight, safety, etc.

HMZ-T1 3D viewer
Sony unveils a 3D TV you wear on your head (18/10/2011)

PDS - Example – Football Robots (2) Case study - Product Specifications (3)

Metric Need Metric – Technical specifications Units Marginal Ideal Brainstorming and discussions - Example
# # Value Value
Product: Desktop Computers, Notebook, Mobile phone
Goals scored minus conceded goals Goals >0 >2
1 1
Distance from ball to robot cm <10 <2
How do you do?
2 2

3 2
Time from possession of ball s >10 >=30 -Searching for models and similar products
Radius of circle made while in possession of ball at top speed cm >=50 >=10
- Advice from friends and experts
4 2 - Ergonomic design (Appearance)
Number of motors, circuits, batteries, moving parts parts <=12 <=6 - Performance and functions: CPU, RAM, Wireless, 3G
5 3 -Price
Number of lines of code lines
6 3 3000 1500
 What is the most important issue/specification/requirement?
Percentage of blocked shots given random speed and location % >=50 >=90 - Price
of ball and robot
7 4 - Performance and function
Percentage of goals given random location of shot and % >=70 >=95
opponent  Key product specifications:
8 5
- Price
Maximum difference between calculated ball position and cm <=5 <1
actual ball position
- Size
9 6 - Materials used for making the products
Maximum difference between calculated opponent position cm <=5 <1 - Performance and function
10 6 and actual opponent position - Safety

Case study - Product Specifications (1) Case study - Product Specifications (4)
EU Superbus: http://www.superbusproject.com
Customer Needs Engineering Challenges Design Problems PDS

€7 million grant from the Dutch government
Have you ever experienced in ordering the products with specific requirements and
Specifications:
specifications?  How do you do? and What is the most important issue?
An electrically powered vehicle to reduce pollutions with the speed up
to 250 kph.
Motorhome?
Superbus is safe due to obstacle detection systems
Motormansio,
more like...
World's most
expensive
campervan up
for sale
for a cool
£1.9m
Daily Mail

7
 Case study - Product Specifications (5)
Technical Specifications of Super Bus
How to develop the PDS?  1. General Check List
Power train Electric motors powered by lithium polymer battery pack and regenerative braking Patents
Environment Shelf life
Power output 300 kW, peak at 600 kW for 1 minute Testing Packing
Driving range 210 km Safety Competition
Acceleration 0-100 km/h 0.1g in comfort mode
Legal Weight
Braking 250-0 km/h in less than 200m
Cruising speed 250 km/h (155 mph) Quantity Maintenance
Length 15,000 mm (49.21 ft)
Materials Politics
Width 2,550 mm (8.20 ft)
Height 1,650 mm (5.41 ft) Ergonomics Plant
Weight 9,500 kg fully loaded
Weight distribution 34/66 How to develop the PDS? Aesthetics DESIGN Disposal

Torsional stiffness 30000 Nm/deg CORE

Installation Shipping
Suspension Air springs and frequency selective dampers system with lifting subframe in aluminum
Ride height range 330 mm (70mm to 400mm) Service life Size

Chassis frame Carbon fiber Standards Processes

Bodywork IXIS Thermoplastic reinforced fiberglass Performance Customer
Glazing Lexan Polycarbonate Quality
Timescale Storage
assurance
Driving mode Driver assisted controlled on existing roads, autopilot on Supertrack
Equipped with Seat belts, airbags, TV, internet, air-conditioning, heating, etc
Provided with Navigation system, obstacle detection, communication system, fail safe system & control
system General check list for the PDS – General product design and development

How to develop the PDS? (1) How to develop the PDS?  2. Key PDS criteria

2. Manufacture
Requirements
Processes, Materials,
Assembly, Packing,
1. Performance Quantity, Delivery date
Requirements 3. Acceptance
Function(s), Appearance, Standards
Reliability, Environment,
Inspection, Testing,
Ergonomics, Quality,
Standards, Patents
Weight, Noise
PDS
5. Operation 4. Disposal
Requirements
Standards,
Installation, Use, Legislation,
Maintainance, Company polity,
Safety Hazards

Information required for production of PDS (Pugh, 1990) Engineering Design

How to develop the PDS? (2) How to develop the PDS?  3. Practical Guide & Forms

Companies may develop the practical guide, forms and check list for PDS

Check list A practical Performance, Environment, Target product cost, Competition, Quantity and
General check guide and forms manufacture, Materials, Quality and consistency, Standards, Patents, Packaging
list for PDS for PDS and shipping, Aesthetics and ergonomics, Market constraints, Company
Guide constraints.

PDS  Performance: At what speed must it operate? How

often will it be used? How long must it last?
Criteria
 Quantity and manufacture: Should it be made in bulk,
Design Brief & Key PDS criteria in batches, or as individual items made to order? Does
Customer for Engineering it have to be a particular shape? Can we make all the
Method Needs Design parts or must we buy some in?

 Standards: Does the product need to conform to any

local, international or customer standards? Is the
product safe? FDA - Food and Drug Administration

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 How to develop the PDS?  4. Design Brief & Customer Needs How to develop the PDS?  4. Design Brief & Customer Needs

Product design Specifications allow quantification of the customer needs. The PDS Step 1: Preparation of the Matrix of Interpretation of Needs from Customer Needs
has both a Metric and a Value. Customer Need Statements Interpretation of Needs Importance
#
(1 – 5)
The Product Metrics describe the measures used to determine IF the product
meets the required needs. Robot can score more goals than
1 Can win 5
opponent
The Value is the actual numeric specification that the designers use to determine Robot can maintain possession of
when the product meets the customer requirements. 2 Can control the ball while moving 5
the ball while moving
Need Need Importance Metric Need Metric Importance Units Value
Robot has simple design so as to
No. (1-5) No. No. (1-5) 3 Want a simple design facilitate functionality void of 4
1 The product must ….. 4 A 1,2 Cost 5 £ <70 problems
2 The product is ….. 5 B 2 Total mass 5 kg <2.3
Robot positions itself between its
3 The product allows ….. 3 C 3 Compatibility 3 list w,x,y 4 Can block shots 4
goal and the ball to prevent a goal
4 The product can ….. 1 D 4 Assembly time 1 s <80
5 The product lasts ….. 5 E 5 Fatigue life 5 cycles >24k Robot is able to score from Robot is able to shoot the ball at
5 4
etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. etc. anywhere on the field different angles so as to score
Able to determine position of ball Robot is able to determine the
6 3
and opponent position of the ball and its opponent
Problem Design Brief Specification To meet Customer Needs

How to develop the PDS?  4. Design Brief & Customer Needs How to develop the PDS?  4. Design Brief & Customer Needs

Need A Metrics i {i = 1,n. n is the number of specifications to meet Need A} Step 2: Preparation of the Metrics from Needs & Interpretation of Needs
Football world cup for robots # Customer Needs Interpretation of Needs Metrics – Technical Specifications
Metrics A1 Robot can score more goals
1 Can win M1 = Goals scored minus conceded goals
than opponent
Metrics A2 Robot can maintain M2a = Distance from ball to robot
Can control the ball while
Need A … 2
moving
possession of the ball while M2b = Time from possession of ball
moving
Metrics An-1 Robot has simple design so as M3a = Number of motors, circuits, batteries,
3 Want a simple design to facilitate functionality void moving parts
of problems M3b = Number of lines of code
Metrics An Robot positions itself between M4 = Percentage of blocked shots given random
4 Can block shots its goal and the ball to prevent speed and location of ball and robot
a goal
Need A Understanding Metrics Technical specifications Robot is able to score Robot is able to shoot the ball M5 = Percentage of goals given random location
The football MA1 = Distance from ball to robot (mm) 5 from anywhere on the at different angles so as to of shot and opponent
Robot can maintain field score
robot can control MA2 = Time from possession of ball (Second)
the ball while possession of the ball Robot is able to determine the M6a = Maximum difference between calculated ball
moving while moving MA3 = Radius of circle made while in position of the ball and its position and actual ball position
Able to determine
possession of ball at top speed (mm) opponent M6b = Maximum difference between calculated
6 position of ball and
opponent position and actual opponent
opponent
Needs position
Metrics Specifications

How to develop the PDS?  4. Design Brief & Customer Needs From Design Brief – Customer Need to PDS (4)

Design Brief: University of Greenwich decided to Step 3: Prioritise the Needs & Metrics and develop a measure and value
participate in KondoCUP in 2012 and School of Metric # Need # Metrics Units Marginal Ideal
Engineering has the funding to work on the design Value Value

and manufacturing of the robot for KondoCUP. 1 1 M1 = Goals scored minus conceded goals Goals >0 >2

2 2 M2a = Distance from ball to robot cm <10 <2

The target of University of Greenwich is to win the
3 2 M2b = Time from possession of ball s >10 >=30
cup.
M2c = Radius of circle made while in possession of ball at cm >=50 >=10
Based on the current design of the other teams, in 4 2 top speed

order to win the cup, our robot should have the 5 3 M3a = Number of motors, circuits, batteries, moving parts parts <=12 <=6

following capabilities: 6 3 M3b = Number of lines of code lines 3000 1500

M4 = Percentage of blocked shots given random speed % >=50 >=90
(i) The robot can control the ball while moving; (ii) 7 4 and location of ball and robot
It can block the shots from the other robots; (iii) M5 = Percentage of goals given random location of shot % >=70 >=95
The robot is able to score from anywhere on the 8 5 and opponent
field, and (iv) It can determine position of ball and M6a = Maximum difference between calculated ball cm <=5 <1
opponent. It is noted that the robot must have a 9 6 position and actual ball position

simple design so that we could manufacture it in M6b = Maximum difference between calculated opponent cm <=5 <1
10 6 position and actual opponent position
house.

9
 Template for PDS Relationship between Customer’s Need and PDS

1. Identification: Title, designation, authority, date Design Brief or Customer Needs describe What the end product or service does for the
user. They are expressed in the “language of the customer”. The “product__________”
2. Issue number: Publication history, previous related specifications
Product design Specifications allow quantification of the customer needs. The PDS has
3. Contents list: Guide to layout both a Metric and a Value.
4. Foreword: Reason for and circumstances under which the PDS is prepared The Product Metrics describe the measures used to determine IF the product meets the
required needs.
5. Introduction: Statement of objectives
The Value is the actual numeric specification that the designers use to determine when the
6. Scope: Inclusions, exclusions, ranges and limits product meets the customer requirements.
7. Definitions: Special terms used
8. Body of PDS: Depending on the specific products, different check list’s Marketing Design & Manufacturing
items are considered and included in the PDS document Conceptual
Problem Design Brief Specification
Design
9. Appendices: Examples
10. Index: Cross references
Customers Product ? Engineering Engineers
11. References: To national, international, or internal specifications. Attributes Characteristic Design Team

Main body of PDS Product attributes and Engineering Characteristics

Product attributes
Check list A practical
Engineering
Characteristics
General check guide and forms
list for PDS for PDS
Guide

PDS
Criteria
Design Brief & Key PDS criteria
Customer for Engineering
Method Needs Design

Product attributes Engineering Characteristics

Presentation Outline and Topics From Design Brief – Customer Need to PDS (1)

CONTENT

 PDD processes and methods: Customer Need Statements Interpretation of Needs Importance
#
(1 – 5)
 Product Design Specification:
1. Design Problems 2. Design Briefs 3. Product Design Specifications Robot can score more goals than
1 Can win 4
opponent
4. Relationship between Need & PDS (Metrics): Quality Function Deployment
Robot can maintain possession of
2 Can control the ball while moving 4
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES the ball while moving
Robot has simple design so as to
1. Understand the concepts and definition of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product 3 Want a simple design facilitate functionality void of 4
Design Specification. problems
2. Know how to prepare the documents for Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Robot positions itself between its
Design Specification fundamentally. 4 Can block shots 4
goal and the ball to prevent a goal
3. Recoganise the importance of preparation of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification for further steps in the product design development . Robot is able to score from Robot is able to shoot the ball at
5 4
anywhere on the field different angles so as to score
4. Understand how to transform from Design Brief or Customer Need to Product Design
Specification (Metrics) Able to determine position of ball Robot is able to determine the
6 4
5. Know how do develop Quality Function Deployment (Need-Metrics diagrams) and and opponent position of the ball and its opponent
Competitive Benchmarking for design concept selections

10
 From Design Brief – Customer Need to PDS (2) Competitive benchmarking – Evaluation of the design concepts (1)

Metric # Need # Metrics Units Marginal Ideal

Value Value

1 1 M1 = Goals scored minus conceded goals Goals >0 >2

2 2 M2a = Distance from ball to robot cm <10 <2

3 2 M2b = Time from possession of ball s >10 >=30

M2c = Radius of circle made while in possession of ball at cm >=50 >=10
4 2 top speed

5 3 M3a = Number of motors, circuits, batteries, moving parts parts <=12 <=6

6 3 M3b = Number of lines of code lines 3000 1500

M4 = Percentage of blocked shots given random speed % >=50 >=90
7 4 and location of ball and robot
M5 = Percentage of goals given random location of shot % >=70 >=95
8 5 and opponent

M6a = Maximum difference between calculated ball cm <=5 <1

9 6 position and actual ball position

M6b = Maximum difference between calculated opponent cm <=5 <1

10 6 position and actual opponent position

Quality Function Deployment - QFD or “Needs-Metrics matrix” (1) Competitive benchmarking – Evaluation of the design concepts (2)

Weight Marginal Ideal

Metric # Need # Metrics Units
(1 -5) Value Value

A comprehensive 1 1 Goals scored minus conceded goals 4 Goals >0 >2

Distance from ball to robot
method for 2 2 4 cm <10 <2
3 2 Time from possession of ball 3 s >10 >=30
matching
Radius of circle made while in possession of ball
customer 4 2
at top speed
4 cm >=50 >=10

requirements to 5 3
Number of motors, circuits, batteries, moving
3 parts <=12 <=6
parts
engineering Number of lines of code
6 3 2 lines 3000 1500
characteristics is Percentage of blocked shots given random
7 4 4 % >=50 >=90
the Quality speed and location of ball and robot

Function 8 5
Percentage of goals given random location of
shot and opponent
3 % >=70 >=95
Deployment - FQD Maximum difference between calculated ball
9 6 4 cm <=5 <1
method. position and actual ball position
Maximum difference between calculated
10 6 3 cm <=5 <1
opponent position and actual opponent position

Quality Function Deployment - QFD or “Needs-Metrics matrix” (2) Competitive benchmarking – Evaluation of the design concepts (3)

Rating Weight x Rating

Metric Need Weight
Metrics
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 # # (1 -5) Comp
Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3
1
conceded goals
Goals scored minus

Radius of circle made while in

calculated opponent position

and actual opponent position
Maximum difference between

Maximum difference between

Time from possession of ball

Percentage of blocked shots

random location of shot and

calculated ball position and

Number of motors, circuits,
Distance from ball to robot

Percentage of goals given

location of ball and robot
possession of ball at top

given random speed and

1 1 Goals scored minus conceded goals 4 2 3 5 8 12 20

Number of lines of code
batteries, moving parts

actual ball position

2 2 Distance from ball to robot 4 5 3 4 20 12 16

opponent

METRICS
speed

3 2 Time from possession of ball 3 2 1 3 6 3 9

Radius of circle made while in possession
NEED 4 2 4 4 2 4 16 8 16
of ball at top speed
Robot can score more goals than Number of motors, circuits, batteries,
1 opponent  5 3 3 5 5 4 15 15 12
moving parts
Maintain possession of the ball 6 3 Number of lines of code 2 2 5 3 4 10 6
2 while moving   
Percentage of blocked shots given
7 4 random speed and location of ball and 4 4 2 5 16 8 20
simple design with functionality w/o
3 problems   robot
Percentage of goals given random
positions itself between its goal and 8 5 3 4 5 3 12 15 9
location of shot and opponent
4 the ball 
Maximum difference between calculated
able to score from anywhere on the 9 6 ball position and actual ball position 4 2 5 3 8 20 12
5 field 
Maximum difference between calculated
Able to determine position of ball 10 6 opponent position and actual opponent 3 5 2 3 15 6 9
6 and opponent  
position

Total weights 120 109 129

11
 Outline and Expected Learning Outcome - Next weeks Tutorials - Brainstorming & Discussions - Exercises – Essay (2)

DPD Methods or Methodologies

Market DB-4: A braking system is required for a small city vehicle. The maximum speed
Assessment
& Problems of the car is 110 km/h and the 95 percentile laden mass of the vehicle is 1400 kg.
Traditional Modern Develop an outline PDS.
ITERATION
Engineering Engineering
Specification DB-5: A Netherlands-based white goods supplier has identified a market gap
for a kettle. The market potential is for a product with a selling price of 20 Euros,
Sequential product ITERATION selling 10 million items annually, for 3 years in 20 key markets in a variety of
Simultaneous and
development - Total Concept European, Asian and South American countries. Develop an out-line PDS for the
integrated product
Design Method Design
development kettle.
ITERATION
DB-6: Write a detailed specification for a car which is to be used in towns.
Embodiment &
Detail Design DB-7: Write a specification for a foot-pump to be designed for pumping up car
Concurrent Collaborative
Engineering Design ITERATION tyres.
Design for Assembly
Manufacture DB-8: A market opportunity exists for a can opener which is operated by disabled
Design for Manufacturing
people with only one hand. The device is to open the can in such a manner that
Design for Medical Products ITERATION the contents are not spilt or contaminated, the contents can be easily removed
Design for X Sale - Market
and no dangerous or jagged edges are left exposed. Write a specification for the
device.

Tutorials – Group Project - Writing the Design Problem Tutorials - Brainstorming & Discussions - Exercises – Essay (3)

1. General introduction & background of the Prepare Design Problems, Design Briefs and outline PDS based on different approaches for
problems the following products: Head phone, Notebook, Kettle with different styles and indicators,
2. Statement of the problems: Juice Extractor

Available products?  Challenges for better
products & Technical Solutions
DB1  New requirements or features
DB2  New requirements or features
…
DBn  New requirements or features

New products?  Challenges for better
products & Technical Solutions
DB1  Challenge 1
DB2  Challenge 2
…
 Challenge 3
DBn
3. Related issues: Budget, Design &
Manufacturing Cost, Time Scale, Special
Requirements, Potential Market & End-users

Tutorials - Brainstorming & Discussions - Exercises – Essay (1) Tutorials - Brainstorming & Discussions - Exercises – Essay (4)

Prepare Design Briefs and outline PDS

DB-1: Following an examination of the marketplace a national brand-name www.gizmag.com
do-it-yourself store company has commissioned your design consultancy to
develop a product for managing the length of grass. Outline an initial potential
product design specification.
DB-2: Following a demonstration at the local marina the managing director of a
recreational equipment company has outlined a requirement for a water
sports activity vehicle. The director has marched into your office and asked
you to develop the specification for this during the next 20 min. Outline PDS.
E TOURER ELECTRIC BIKE
DB-3: A European-based manufacturer of wheelchairs has identified market
potential for personal transportation devices for non-infirm (healthy) people.
Your design consultancy has been awarded the contract to develop the PDS
and conceptual designs to meet this requirement. The brief is the design of a
transportation device for an adult and their shopping with a range in a town
environment of up to 4 km. Develop a PDS for further consideration by the
sponsor company and our colleagues.

12
 Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (1) Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (4)

Problem: My next door neighbor has been Step 2: Preparation of the Metrics from Needs & Interpretation of Needs
looking for a replacement coffee table for some Customer Need Interpretation of Needs Metrics – Technical Specifications
#
time, without success. The furniture he has seen is Statements
too traditional and lacks a modern stylish theme. Good colour, beautiful shapes, good M1a = Colour (Natural Colour, Painted Colour)
materials, detailed features and textures
His existing coffee table is looking old and worn 1 Stylish and Interesting M1b = Shape (Square, Round, Artistic Forms)
M1c = Resizable function
as it has been used every day for at least twenty
Good size, and have the storage places that M2a = Table size 1 (WxLxH) for Square tables
years. Many functions: Holding cups, can store the common electronic items such M2c = Table size 2 (DxH) for Round tables
2 Storage area for CDs, DVDs as CDs, DVDs, play stations, and M2c = Electronic Device Storage size (WxLxH)
It has suffered from many spills and knocks over and Play stations accessories
its many years of use. His existing table is not
Made from different materials, including M3a = Woods (Oak, Teak, Alder, Manmade boards)
suitable for modern activities such as storing CDs, 3 Combined variety of materials woods and manmade boards M3b = Others (PVC, Composites, Aluminum)
DVDs or even play station products. It was
A range of good prices suitable for all M4 = 3 Types of prices (P1, P2, P3)
designed for one function alone - for holding 4 Competitive range of prices potential customers
coffee cups, tea cups and associated items.
Low voltage lighting system Integrated lighting system for good feelings
at nights M5a = Power supply (Battery, Electrical Plug
The design is from the 1960s and does not fit in so that it can be the focus of
5 Sockets)
the room at night, create a
with his modern decoration or even the style of the M5ab= Sensor for automatic On and Off (Yes, No)
relaxed & calm atmosphere
rest of the furniture in the room. The overall size of Two options for packaging: A flat pack for M6a = A flat pack for self-assembly (Yes, No)
the existing table is too large and often gets in the 6
Multi-choice of packaging self-assembly or fully assembled table. The M6b = Fully assembly table for use (Yes, No)
and completely safe total weight is convenient for transport and M6c = Total weight
way and can even be a hazard. self-handling

Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (2) Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (5)

Design Brief: I am going to design and make a modern Step 3: Prioritise the Needs & Metrics and develop a measure and value
coffee table that will look stylish and interesting. It will
Metric Need # Metrics – Technical Specifications Units Marginal Ideal
have a range of functions not only that of holding tea and # Value & Options Value & Option
coffee cups. M1a = Colour (Natural Colour, Painted Colour) N/A Natural Colour, Painted Colour Natural Colour
1 1
It will also have a storage area for items such as CDs, M1b = Shape (Square, Round, Artistic Forms) N/A Square, Round, Artistic Forms Square
DVDs and play station equipment. The storage area will be 2 1
adaptable so that it will suit the tastes of a range of 3 1 M1c = Resizable function (Yes, No) N/A Resizable function (Yes & No) Yes
people. M2a = Table size 1 (WxLxH) for Square tables mm (60-80)x (60-90)x(40-70) 50x80x50
4 2
The product range will be manufactured from a variety of 5 2 M2c = Table size 2 (DxH) for Round tables mm (60-80)x(40-70) 70x50
materials including natural woods and manmade boards. M2d = Electronic Device Storage size (WxLxH) mm (30-40)x(40x60)x(30-50) 35x50x40
6 2
This will mean that it can be sold at a range of prices to M3a = Woods (Oak, Teak, Alder, Manmade boards) N/A Oak, Teak, Alder, Manmade Oak
suit the economic means of all potential customers. The 7 3 boards
product will be supplied as a flat pack or as a built piece 8 3 M3b = Others (PVC, Composites, Aluminum) N/A PVC, Composites, Aluminum Aluminum
of furniture. M4 = 3 Types of prices (P1, P2, P3) £ (80-120), (180 -220),(300-500) 100, 200, 400
9 4
The table will include a low voltage lighting system so that 10 5 M5a = Power supply (Battery, Electrical Plug Sockets) N/A Battery, Electrical Plug Sockets Battery
it can be the centre/focus of the room at night. It will
11 5 M5b= Sensor for automatic On and Off (Yes, No) N/A Yes and No Yes
create a relaxed and calm atmosphere.
12 6 M6a = A flat pack for self-assembly (Yes, No) N/A Yes and No Yes
The table will be relatively cheap to purchase and be
13 6 M6b = Fully assembly table for use (Yes, No) N/A Yes and No Yes
completely safe.
14 6 M6c = Total weight Kg 10-20 15

Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (3) Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (6)

Step 1: Preparation of the Matrix of Interpretation of Needs from Customer Needs Quality Function Deployment - QFD or “Needs-Metrics matrix”
# Customer Need Statements Interpretation of Needs Importance (1-5)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Good colour, beautiful shapes, good
Colour, Painted Colour)
M1a = Colour (Natural

Round, Artistic Forms)

M1b = Shape (Square,

(Yes, No)
M1c = Resizable function

(WxLxH) for Square tables

M2a = Table size 1

Round tables
M2c = Table size 2 (DxH) for

Storage size (WxLxH)

M2d = Electronic Device

Alder, Manmade boards)

M3a = Woods (Oak, Teak,

Composites, Aluminum)
M3b = Others (PVC,

P2, P3)
M4 = 3 Types of prices (P1,

Sockets)
(Battery, Electrical Plug
M5a = Power supply

On and Off (Yes, No)

M5b= Sensor for automatic

assembly (Yes, No)

M6a = A flat pack for self-

for use (Yes, No)

M6b = Fully assembly table

M6c = Total weight

1 Stylish and Interesting 4

materials, detailed features and textures METRICS

Good size, and have the storage places

Many functions: Holding cups, Storage that can store the common electronic
2 5
area for CDs, DVDs and Play stations items such as CDs, DVDs, play stations,
NEED
and accessories
Made from different materials, including 1 Stylish and Interesting   
3 Combined variety of materials 3
woods and manmade boards Many functions: Holding cups,
A range of good prices suitable for all 2 Storage area for CDs, DVDs and   
4 Competitive range of prices 5 Play stations
potential customers
3 Combined variety of materials  
Low voltage lighting system so that it Integrated lighting system for good
5 can be the focus of the room at night, feelings at nights 3 4 Competitive range of prices 

create a relaxed & calm atmosphere Low voltage lighting system so

that it can be the focus of the
5 room at night, create a relaxed
 
Two options for packaging: A flat pack for & calm atmosphere
Multi-choice of packaging and self-assembly or fully assembled table.
6 3
completely safe The total weight is convenient for 6
Multi-choice of packaging and
completely safe   
transport and self-handling

13
 Case Study 2- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (1) Case Study 1- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (5)

Step 3: Prioritise the Needs & Metrics and develop a measure and value
Design Problem: There is an emerging need for the cheap
Metric Need Metrics – Technical Specifications Units Marginal Ideal
notebook or ultrabook for business use, especially for # # Value & Options Value & Option
people who frequently have meetings, presentation and 1 1 M1a = Weight N/A 1.0 – 1.7 1.5
video communication. The currently available ultrabook is 2 1 M1b = Size (LxWxH) mm (30 – 40)x (20 – 30)x(10-15) 10
quite expensive and have poor video conference quality. In 3 2 M2a = Physical keyboard (Yes, No) N/A Yes & No Yes
addition, there is also a short battery life; it is about 6-7 4 2 M2b = Touch screen (Yes, No) N/A Yes & No Yes
hours with the common working tasks. It is also a big 5 2 M2c = Operating system mm Window 8, Mac 8.1, Android Window
problem when working in the area with no WIFI internet. 6 3 M3 = Price £ 500 - 700 500
M4a = Processor (iCore 7, iCore 5) N/A iCore 7, iCore 5) iCore 7
7 4
Design Brief: We are going to design a modern notebook for business use. The 8 4 M4b = Hard Drive (300 GB, 500 GB) GB 300, 500 500
notebook to be designed is light, easy use and convenient for transport. The price 9 4 M4c = Battery life Hours 6 - 10 7
is high competitive. It performs well the common daily tasks of business meetings, 10 4 M4d = WIFI (Standards 802.11n, 802.11ac) N/A Standards 802.11n, 802.11ac 802.11ac
presentation and video communications. In the case of no WIFI available, the user 11 4 M4e = 3G integration (Yes, No) N/A Yes & No Yes
can use 3G internet access via the integrated 3G unit. 12 5 M5a = Video resolution for webcam (1080, 720) Pixel 1080, 720 1080

13 5 M5b = Image quality for webcam (8.0, 10.0, 12.0) MP 8.0, 10.0, 12.0 10
Task: Develop PDS based on Need-Metrics method
14 5 M5c = Touch screen (Yes, No) N/A Yes & No Yes

15 5 M5d = Cloud data (Yes, No) N/A Yes & No Yes

Case Study 2- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (2) Case Study 2- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (4)

Step 1: Preparation of the Matrix of Interpretation of Needs from Customer Needs Quality Function Deployment - QFD or “Needs-Metrics matrix”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Customer Need Statements Interpretation of Needs Importance
M1a = Weight

M1b = Size (LxWxH)

(Yes, No)
M2a = Physical keyboard
No)
M2b = Touch screen (Yes,

M2c = Operating system

M3 = Price
iCore 5)
M4a = Processor (iCore 7,
500 GB)
M4b = Hard Drive (300 GB,

M4c = Battery life

802.11n, 802.11ac)
M4d = WIFI (Standards
No)
M4e = 3G integration (Yes,

webcam (1080, 720)

M5a = Video resolution for

webcam (8.0, 10.0, 12.0)

M5b = Image quality for
No)
M5c = Touch screen (Yes,

M5d = Cloud data (Yes, No)

# (1 – 5) METRICS

Weight similar to ultra books or tablets

1 Light weight and optimal size 3
NEED
Physical keyboard, window 8, touch
2 Easy to use and transport screen 4
Light weight and optimal
The price is much cheaper compared to 1 size
 
3 Reasonable price the current ultrabook on the market 5
Easy to use and
2 transport
  

iCore 7 or more, 500 GB, WIFI, 3G, Good

4 Good performance 5 3 Reasonable price 
battery life
4 Good performance     
Meetings, Video conference, High quality webcam, Touch screen, Cloud
5 data. 4 Meetings, Video
Presentation 5 conference, Presentation

Light weight and optimal

6 size
   

Case Study 2- Development of PDS based on Need – Metrics Method (3) Presentation Outline and Topics

Step 2: Preparation of the Metrics from Needs & Interpretation of Needs CONTENT
Customer Need Interpretation of Needs Metrics – Technical Specifications
#  PDD processes and methods:
Statements

Light weight and Weight similar to ultra M1a = Weight  Product Design Specification:
1 books or tablets M1b = Size
optimal size 1. Design Problems 2. Design Briefs 3. Product Design Specifications
Easy to use and Physical keyboard, window M2a = Physical keyboard (Yes, No)
2 8, touch screen M2b = Touch screen (Yes, No)
transport M2c = Operating system
EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
The price is much cheaper M3 = Price
compared to the current
3 Reasonable price
ultrabook on the market 1. Understand the concepts and definition of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
Design Specification.
iCore 7 or more, 500 GB, M4a = Processor (iCore 7, iCore 5) 2. Know how to prepare the documents for Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
WIFI, 3G, Good battery life M4b = Hard Drive (300 GB, 500 GB)
4 Good performance M4c = Battery life Design Specification fundamentally.
M4d = WIFI (Standards 802.11n, 802.11ac) 3. Recoganise the importance of preparation of Design Problem, Design Brief and Product
M4e = 3G integration (Yes, No)
Design Specification for further steps in the product design development .
Meetings, Video High quality webcam, M5a = Video resolution for webcam (1080, 720)
M5b = Image quality for webcam (8.0, 10.0, 12.0) 4. Understand how to transform from Design Brief or Customer Need to Product Design
5 conference, Touch screen, Cloud data.
M5c = Touch screen (Yes, No) Specification (Metrics)
Presentation M5d = Cloud data (Yes, No)

14
 UoG’s Method for Product Design and Development In-class Activities, Continuous Assessment and Test (2)
Concept Design
Design Problem, Design REQUIREMENTS: Develop a Table of Customer Need and Interpretation of Needs
Brief & Basic PDS Layouts & Configuration & from the following Design Brief
Embodiment Design Parametric design
Schematic diagram
DESIGN BRIEF:
 Basic design We are going to design and develop a low-cost remote control racing boat (RCRB). It has full
Optimisation & Material driving functions (forwards, backwards, left, right), and the speed is remotely controlled.
 Product Architecture Selections  Form & Shape Design:
Function
Diagram Critical Dimensions, The RCRB to be developed has the following features: (1) Using batteries as the power source.
Interfaces, Update PDS The operation time (run time) is from 10 to 20 minutes. The charge time is from 1 to 5 hours; (2)
The operating range is from 100 to 250 meters; (3) The maximum speed is from 16 to 25
km/hrs; (4) Ease of use and maintenance; and (5) Ease of assembly and disassembly.
 Detailed Design
 3D Assembly & Optimisation and
Design Documentation Detailed Layout The approximate size of a RCRB is as follows: Length x Width x Height = 700 x 350 x 450 [mm].
Design of Parts &
Detailed Design Analysis Report Design Functional Units
Detailed 3DComponent and The price for one RCRB is about 60 GBP. The current budget for this Design and Product
Assembly Drawings (2D/3D) Development (DPD) project to develop a RCRB is 50 GBP it is funded by University of
Detailed PDS Standard Components Greenwich, UK. The time for implementation of a project is 3 months. The successfully
Purchasing, Manufacturing &  Detailed Interface Design & Functional Units developed RCRB will be manufactured locally in UK and used for EU & USA markets.
Quality Control Brief.

UoG’s Method for Product Design and Development Faculty of Engineering and Science

Sign the registration document!

PROD 1043

Product Design & Development

Lecture 5- Week 6

By

Dr Chi Hieu Le, Senior Lecturer

BEng, MEng, MSc, PGCHE, CEng, DrEng, FHEA, MIMechE

Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Thank you very much!

In-class Activities, Continuous Assessment and Test (1)

Requirements: Working as a team of 5-10 students, to develop PDS for one of the following
products that you are going to design and develop: Laptop, Mobile Phone, Remote Control
Boat and lamp. You can base on the following methods of developing PDS: (1) A general
check list, (2) Key PDS criteria, and (3) Practical guide & form.

Importance
No Requirement s - Specifications
(1-5)
1. Performance: Speeds, battery life, water-proof, etc. 5

2. Manufacturing cost: 50-80 USD 4

… … …

15