INDEX
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
CHARGE
TYPES OF CHARGE
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
COULOMBS LAW
GRAVITIONAL FORCE
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Objective
The aim of the project is to learn about coulombs law between two point charges
Introduction
Electric Charges and Forces Coulomb's inverse-square law, or
simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law of physics that
calculates the amount of force between two electrically
charged particles at rest. This electric force is conventionally called
the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Although the law was
known earlier, it was first published in 1785 by French
physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. Coulomb's law was
essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism and
maybe even its starting point, as it allowed meaningful discussions of
the amount of electric charge in a particle.
Principle
1. Describe and calculate the forces between like and unlike electric charges.
2. Identify the parts of the atom that carry electric charge.
3. Apply the concept of an electric field to describe how charges exert force on other
charges.
4. Sketch the electric field around a positive or negative point charge.
5. Describe how a conductor shields electric fields from its interior.
6. Describe the voltage and current in a circuit with a battery, switch, resistor, and
capacitor.
7. Calculate the charge stored in a capacitor.
CHARGE
How do electric charges interact?
Types of charge
All ordinary matter contains both positive
and negative charge.
You do not usually notice the charge
because most matter contains the exact
same number of positive and negative
charges.
An object is electrically neutral when it
has equal amounts of both types of charge.
• what is an electric charge
• Electric charge is a property of tiny particles in atoms.
• The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).
• A quantity of charge should always be
identified with a positive or a negative
sign.
Electric forces
• Electric forces are created between all
electric charges.
• Because there are two kinds of charge
(positive and negative) the electrical force
between charges can attract or repel.
this is a visual represntation on how charges attract and repel
The direction of current was historically defined as the direction that positive charges
move.
Both positive and negative charges can carry current.In conductive liquids (salt water) both
positive and negative charges carry current
In solid metal conductors, only the electrons can move, so current is carried by the flow of
negative electrons.
Electric current is the movement of electric charge through a substance.
Charge that flows
Current (coulombs)
(amps) I=qt
Time (sec)
Calculate current
Two coulombs of charge pass through a wire in five seconds.
Conductors and insulators
A semiconductor has a few free electrons and atoms with bound electrons that
act as insulators.
Coulomb's Law
two single charges separated by a distance. Coulombs law relates the force
between them, the vector F1 is the force experienced by q1, and the vector F2 is
the force experienced by q2. When q1q2 > 0 the forces are repulsive (as in the
image) and when q1q2 < 0 the forces are attractive (opposite to the image). The
magnitude of the forces will always be equal to
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's Law
• The force between two charges gets
stronger as the charges move closer
together.
• The force also gets stronger if the
amount of charge becomes larger.
Coulomb's Law
• The force between two charges is
directed along the line connecting their
centers.
• Electric forces always occur in pairs
according to Newton’s third law, like
all forces.
Coulomb's Law
• The force between charges is directly
proportional to the magnitude, or amount,
of each charge.
• Doubling one charge doubles the force.
• Doubling both charges quadruples the
force.
The force between charges is inversely
proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
Coulomb's Law
Doubling the distance reduces the force by a
factor of 22 = (4), decreasing the force to one-
fourth its original value (1/4).
This relationship is called an inverse square
law because force and distance follow an
inverse square relationship.
Calculating force
• Fields and forcesTwo balls are each given a static electric charge of one
tenthousandth (0.0001) of a coulomb.
• Calculate the force between the charges when they are separated by one-tenth
(0.1) of a meter.
• Coulomb is the term used to represent electric charge
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
• Gravitational forces are far weaker than electric forces.
Electric fields and electric force
• On the Earth’s surface, the gravitational field creates 9.8 N of force on each
kilogram of mass.
• With gravity, the strength of the field is in newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
because the field describes the amount of force per kilogram of mass.
CONCLUSION
The value of k depends upon the medium
in. As for air, the value is
approximatelywhich the charged objects
are immersed 9.0 x
109 N /m2 /c2. A point charge can
be described using Coulomb’s
law, which describes the force
between two objects
accurately.. The centre of
charge of a sphere, regardless
of how uniformly the charges
are distributed, can be
considered its centre. A point
charge resides at the centre of
the sphere. Since Coulomb’s law
applies to point charges, the distance
between the centres of charge of each
object is d in the equation.
Coulomb’s law can be expressed in
the vector form as :
F q1 q2
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://openstax.org/
https://www.britannica.com/
