BASIC TECHNICAL

DRAWING

Student Textbook

Grade 11
Prepared by:
Amanuel Berhanu (BSc.)
Tolossa Deberie (MSc.)

Editor:
Tolossa Deberie (MSc.)

Reviewed by:
Abebe Basazeneu
Natenael Abebe
Yared Mekuria

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA KURAZ INTERNATIONAL

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION PUBLISHER
Acknowledgements
The redesign, printing and distribution of this student textbook has been funded through the
General Education Quality Improvement Project (GEQIP), which aims to improve the quality of
education for Grades 1–12 students in government schools throughout Ethiopia.
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia received funding for GEQIP through credit/financing
from the International Development Associations (IDA), the Fast Track Initiative Catalytic Fund
(FTI CF) and other development partners – Finland, Italian Development Cooperation, the Neth‐
erlands and UK aid from the Department for International Development (DFID).
The Ministry of Education wishes to thank the many individuals, groups and other bodies in‐
volved – directly and indirectly – in publishing the textbook and accompanying teacher guide.
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders of the images and we apologise in ad‐
vance for any unintentional omission. We would be pleased to insert the appropriate acknowled‐
gement in any subsequent edition of this publication.

© Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Education

First edition, 2003(E.C.)

Developed, printed and distributed for the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of
Education by:
Al Ghurair Printing and Publishing House CO. (LLC)
PO Box 5613
Dubai
U.A.E.

In collaboration with
Kuraz International Publisher P.L.C
P.O. Box 100767
Addis Ababa
Ethiopia
ISBN: 978‐99944‐2‐094‐0
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means (including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record‐
ing or otherwise) either prior written permission of the copyright owner or a licence permitting
restricted copying in Ethiopia by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Federal Negarit Ga‐
zeta ,Proclamation No. 410/2004 Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Proclamation,
10th year, No. 55, Addis Ababa, 19 July 2004.
Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright owners of material used in this document. We
apologise in advance for any unintentional omissions. We would be pleased to insert the appro‐
priate acknowledgement in any future edition.
 Table of Contents
Page

UNIT 1. INTRODUCTION TO BASIC

TECHNICAL DRAWING ................................................... 1
1.1 History of Drawing .................................................................................. 2
1.2 Areas/Professional Disciplines of Technical Drawing ............................. 3
1.3 Technical Drawing Today (Computer Aided Design and Drafting) ........... 4
1.4 Use and Educational Value of Technical Drawing .................................... 4
UNIT SUMMARY ........................................................................................... 5

UNIT 2. BASIC TECHNICAL DRAWING EQUIPMENT ...................... 6

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 7
2.2 Selection of Drawing Materials ............................................................... 7
2.3 Selection of Drawing Instruments ......................................................... 11
2.4 Application of Basic Technical Drawing Equipments .............................. 17
UNIT SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 26

UNIT 3. ALPHABET OF LINES....................................................... 32

3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 33
UNIT SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 37

UNIT 4. LETTERING ..................................................................... 40

4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 41
4.2 Technique of Lettering .......................................................................... 42
4.3 Single Stroke Letters ............................................................................ 43
4.4 Guide Lines ........................................................................................... 47
4.5 Uniformity, Stability and Composition of Lettering .............................. 49
 4.6 LeRoy Lettering and Lettering Template/ Guide ................................... 52
UNIT SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 53

UNIT 5. GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION ........................................ 58

5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 59
5.2 Construction of Point, Line and Angle ................................................... 59
5.3 Polygons .............................................................................................. 66
5.4 Circles and Tangents ............................................................................ 73
5.5 Construction of an Ellipse ..................................................................... 79
UNIT SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 82

UNIT 6. MULTI-VIEW DRAWING ................................................... 84

6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 85
6.2 Projection ............................................................................................. 85
6.3 Orthographic Projection ........................................................................ 86
6.4 The Six Principal Views ......................................................................... 89
6.5 Fundamental Views of Edges and Surfaces ........................................... 95
6.6 Visualization ....................................................................................... 101
UNIT SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 106

UNIT 7. PICTORIAL DRAWING ................................................... 115

7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 116
7.2 Axonometric Projection ...................................................................... 120
7.3 Oblique Projection ............................................................................... 134
7.4 Perspective Projection ........................................................................ 142
UNIT SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 152