BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)

An Exclusive Technique
To Develop an Essay on
Contemporary Issues
GwU mgmvgwqK cÖm‡½i Dci iPbv †jLvi GKwU †KŠkjgvÎ| Phase 1-G Positive Topics Ges
Phase 2-G Negaitive Topics wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Dfq iPbvi evK¨ web¨vm ûeû
cÖvq GKB iKg হবে| ïay wKQz wbw`©ó word/phraseক ৌশলগতভাবে cwieZ©b/সংব াজন
রবত হবে| K¬v‡m সংশ্লিষ্ট ক ৌশলগুবলা ভাবলাভাবে বুবে শ্লনবত হবে|
Phase: 1
Essays on Positive Topics as:
1. Establishing parliamentary democracy in BD
2. Good governance and Development রচনাটির যাবতীয় কলাককৌশল
3. Rural development in Bangladesh ক্লাকে বকল দেয়া হকব। অতএব
4. Garments industries in Bangladesh এই শশটটি পড়ার আকে ক্লােটি
5. Rule of law in Bangladesh
মকনাকযাে শেকয় শুকনা। ক্লাে না
6. National unity for development
ককর, শুধু শশট পড়কল খুব দবশশ
7. Industrialization in Bangladesh
8. The need for national unity
দবকনশিকটড হকব না।
9. Woman empowerment in nation building
10. The need for peaceful political atmosphere
11. Democracy and development,
12. Politics & Democracy in Bangladesh
14. Human Resources Development of Bangladesh
15. Sustainable Development
16. The Democratic Culture & Our Present Politics
17. Adult Allowance অনুমশত ছাড়া এই শশটটি
18. Human Resources & Development
কাকরা োকে দশয়ার করা
19. Preserving our National Heritage
েম্পূর্ ণ অববধ
20. Food Security
21. Prospects & Problems of Handicraft Sector in BD
22. Development Activities of Bangladesh
23. Blue Economy in Bangladesh: Prospects & challenges
24. Bangladeshe’s Graduation to a Middle Income Country:
Prospects and Challenges
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 2 of 32

1. Preface: (G ai‡bi cÖvmw½K ক াবনা Dw³ w`‡q iPbvwU kyiæ Ki‡Z পাশ্লর)

“The heroic Bangalee nation who had earned Independence

through an armed struggle raised its head high today. They
now want assistance from their development partners, not
alms.” Daily Star Editorial
-
“I am delighted that Bangladesh has fulfilled the criteria for
graduation from the world’s least developed countries. This is a clear
signal that the country is building an inclusive and thriving economy,
with a commitment to lifting millions of people from poverty and
hunger. I also commend Bangladesh’s achievements in women’s
empowerment and access to education. Graduation is a milestone.
Strong vision, national leadership, and sound policies, and programs will
be crucial as Bangladesh strives to become a middle-income country
and implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.”
-United Nations Secretary-General H.E Antonio Guterres
Today, Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in
the world and we share the commitment to create an ever more
prosperous and environmentally sustainable future.
-UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson
The international community has been deeply impressed to see
that Bangladesh, even in the midst of the Covid pandemic, succeeded in
achieving the greatest level of economic growth. And there are great
expectations that Bangladesh will take further tremendous strides
forward, as it is anticipated to graduate from the LDC status in 2026.
- South Korean Prime Minister Chung Sye-kyun
“The starting point for a country is a key part of its potential
growth. It is very clear that a country such as Bangladesh has far more
potential for growth than one like Norway, which is far richer.” the
latest report of HSBC Global Research
 BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)
cÖvmw½K দকাকনা Dw³ দলখার পকর iPbvwU এবার এভাকব kyiæ Ki‡Z পাশ্লর:
At the very inception (beginning/ outset/ onset) of our
discussion, we may unhesitatingly say that ‘Name of the
Essay’ (as Good governance) has become one of the much-
talked issues held in both national and international
atmospheres in the couple of the years/ decades/centuries.
অেবা, Bangladesh, which is often plagued by natural
calamities, has been able to take a strong position in the world
on the path of progress and development since its independence.
Almost all institutions, including the World Bank and the IMF,
have identified Bangladesh's progress as astonishing/ amazing.
Some have also called Bangladesh “the emerging tiger of Asia”.
অেবা, In terms of---,the achievement and success of
Bangladesh, which started its journey on the path of
development with a fragile socio-economic structure
devastated by the war in 1971, is dazzling today.
অেবা, As a vehicle is useless without fuel likewise an
underdeveloped country like Bangladesh cannot be run
suitably in the absence of Good governance. It is like an
effective medicine to cure a patient completely and provide
health back. It is a big opportunity for Bangladesh to be
developed socially/ culturally/ economically. Bangladesh is a
developing country that is classified as a Next Eleven
emerging market and one of the Frontier Five. In 1971
South Korea, Thailand, Bangladesh and Malaysia were in
similar economic condition. Only by ensuring such type of
indispensable functions, those countries except Bangladesh
have achieved an enormous trade and industrial
development.
অেবা, Good governance is a buzzword/ catchphrase/
incitement in this era and has swept public attention for the
last decades.
অেবা, The concept of ‘Name of the Essay’ (as Blue
Economy) has opened a new horizon for economic/sustainable
development of our country particularly in drafting the post-
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 4 of 32

2015 development goals through utilizing natural/sea/

marine/ domestic resources at national and international level.
অেবা, Undeniably, good governance is a real drive behind
a country’s development. It protects the human rights,
delivers the justice, maintains law and order and provides
equal opportunities to the masses. It delivers the fruits of
progress and development to all and sundry. It is required at
all levels of society and state. In today’s globalized world good
governance helps to meet the challenges of the world. It
makes the system of the state effective and efficient.
অেবা, Undoubtedly, it has attracted the serious and
inquisitive attention of the researchers, policy-makers, think
tanks, civil society even all the conscious people of the country.
It has also become a significant pillar in the
consideration of a state’s ability to conform to universally
acceptable social/democratic standards. In Bangladesh the
present condition of good governance is satisfactory বা not
much satisfactory. There are many problems stimulate as
barriers for good governance. To ensure sound local
development, action should be taken to work towards
achieving good governance.
Now, we will proceed on to throw some light on this
very topic specially focusing its definition, dimension,
characteristics, classifications, merits and demerits, and wide
range-impact in this present world.
অেবা, This essay will address some of the multifaceted
queries associated with good governance in light of its latest
and up-to-date veracity.

2. What is ‘‘(Good governance)’:

The issue/question of (Good governance) has become
one of the most potent subjects of concern/exploration for the
contemporary researchers/ experts/ scientists.
Though its importance has got universal acceptance, it
is not defined in a uniform way by the theoreticians and
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practitioners. Even, there is no widely accepted single

definition of governance itself.
Good governance is an umbrella concept that covers a
set of issues of human life depending on the person’s concern
and understanding of reality.
In general sense, good governance means….
The concept of governance can be applied in different
contexts- global, national, international community.
অেবা, In recent years there have been numerous
attempts to define the term, but these efforts have not
resulted in any universal consensus as to the precise meaning
of governance. In general sense, governance means…
(একেকে েয়া ককর গুরুত্বপূর্ ণ ১৫/২০টি রচনার েংজ্ঞা দরিাকরন্সেহ টাটকা মুখস্থ ককর দিলকব)
কীভাকব েংজ্ঞা েংকলন করকব দে ব্যাপাকর ধারর্া দপকত দশষ পৃষ্ঠায় দেকখা।
পাশাপাশশ েংজ্ঞাটিকক শবকেষর্ ককর wb‡Pi ÷vBল অনুযায়ী একটি ছক এঁকক শেকত পাকরা:

3. Historical background/ Its Position in the Past:

Before delving into the topic it is needless to say that
there is a long historical and astounding/awful background of
‘(Good governance)’. A sight at history will demonstrate us
that it did not appear abruptly and did not reach its present
stage in a day. অেবা, It is an ever-changing issue of which
meaning has been changing over time. Since the days of Plato
and Aristotle, it has meant …. (অে ণাৎ, এ পকয়কে রচনাটির উৎপশিেত শেক শনকয়
আলচনা করকব। ক মন-)
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 6 of 32

a. During British regime: Its condition was not satisfactory

enough…
b. After the division of Indian sub-continent: As soon
British left the country, Pak rulers started oppressing us.
First it came dishonoring our language in 1952……… Step
motherly attitude was followed by the Pak rulers and no
development was implemented in this vital issue.
c. After our liberation war:
Bangladesh urgently needs Good Governance to improve its
poor economic, social and political condition and to provide
the environment for private sector development and
employment generation. Weak capacity and corruption have
made some of the government perform poorly, with negative
impacts on poverty and stability. Though our government has taken
a number of initiatives to improve its present scenario, people don’t
still get the desired outcome even after 50 years of independence.
4. Elements/Characteristics/Goals of good governance
No doubt, ‘(Good governance)’ is a responsive and
world-stirring issue at the present time. There are several
striking features/ stages/ divisons/ elements/ goals/
symptoms/ classifications/ signs/ characteristics of ‘(Good
governance)’. The following are noteworthy. (শনকচর স্টাইল অনুেরর্ ককর
খুব দভকব-শচকে শকছু features/ characteristics/ elements/ goals/ effects etc.
পবেন্ট ো phrase আ াবর শলকখ দেকব)
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5. Present situation of “Good Governance”:

(শনকচর ৩টি অপশন দেকক সুশবধামত পকয়েটি শলখকব)
1. There is no doubt that Bangladesh is a modern day success
story—a far cry from Henry Kissinger’s label of a “basket case.”
অেবা, After the triumph of Bangladesh in the Great Liberation
War on 16 December 1971, the route of development launched well with
a brittle socio-economic structure shattered by the war. The then US
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, while describing the economy of
Bangladesh at that time, called the country a bottomless basket. But in
the evolution of time, from that bottomless basket, the country today is
being considered as an example of emerging economy in the world. In
other words, Bangladesh today has become a 'From Basket Case to
Global Role Model'. Various international research organizations,
including the National Intelligence Council of the United States, have
recognized Bangladesh's continued socio-economic progress as a role
model for developing third world countries.
World Bank recognized Bangladesh as a low-middle income
country in July 2015 and in 2018 the UN recognized it as a developing
country. Its growth has been steady,
even impressive in the context of
feeble global growth, and it has now
joined the ranks of a lower middle-
income country. Its poverty
reduction record is even more
impressive, with over 20.5 million
people escaping poverty between
1991 and 2010. But the next phase
of growth and poverty reduction
becomes harder, since the more
obvious sources of growth have
largely been exploited.
2. অেবা, At present, Good governance in Bangladesh is far (বা
not far) from the actual consonance of the term. (But) There are
several factors and issues that are constraining the very process of good
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 8 of 32

governance. The major factors are corruption, inefficiency of

bureaucracy, politicization of administration, non-observance of the rule
of law etc.
3. অেবা, The present state of governance in our country tells a
sorry tale. It is a fact that there are many hurdles in running the country.
But sincere leadership with proper management can do wonders. It is
never too late to act. What is needed is the proper implementation of
policies.
6. Impact/Influence/Importance of Good governance:
In a modern wellbeing state, the significance/ influence of
good governance in social, personal, national and civic life is
immense/ immeasurable. It has a wonderful magical
influence/ power/ effect behind socio-economic development
of a country. It has an outstanding role in building a life-
friendly,
developed and
welfare state.
Some of its ardent
effects observed
in the society and
state structure
are presented
below: (এখাকন খুব
দভকব-শচকে শকছু থা পবেন্ট
আ াবর শলকখ দেকব)
i)
ii)
iii)
7. Countries Representing ‘(Good governance)’:
Now we will mention the name of some countries that
are wholeheartedly trying to fulfill (বা, that have fulfilled) the
requirement of ‘(Good governance)’. They are United States of
America, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, France,
Japan, Canada and … etc.
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8. Dreadful obstacles/ Constraints/ Challenges to ‘(Good

governance)’:
Despite the continuing efforts of Bangladesh to enhance the
quality of governance in the country, it is still suffering, among other
things, from numerous insufficiencies and complexities, both
structural and non- structural. At present, some of the key
challenges of good governance in Bangladesh are:
অেবা, The main issues and problems for ensuring good governance in
Bangladesh are given below:
a. Over-population:
“Pressures resulting from unrestrained population growth
put demands on the natural world that can overwhelm any efforts to
achieve a sustainable future. If we are to halt the destruction of our
environment, we must accept limits to that growth.”
- (World Scientists' Warning to Humanity, signed by 1600 senior scientists
from 70 countries, including 102 Nobel Prize laureates)
Over population has become a
great threat for ‘(Good
governance)’. Most of the
problems of the country are
derived from the population
problem. About 16.5 crore people
live in just 1,47,570 square
kilometers of Bangladesh. That is,
about 1084 people live in every
square kilometer. The rate of
increase in population is about 20
lacs every year. It is creating an
inverse effect on agriculture lands
of Bangladesh. The amount of
land is decreasing and thus food
production is being hampered.
The impact of present rate of
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 10 of 32

population growth on per capita in Bangladesh is totally

unfavorable. This huge population creates extra pressure in all
economic, social and political areas including food, clothing, shelter,
education, transport, medical care. The great Greek philosopher
Aristotle aptly remarks:
“Optimum population is a boon
And over population is a bane”.
To ensure ‘(Good governance)’ in our country, we have to control
that rate of growth immediately.
b. Wide range of corruption:
Corruption is another perilous obstacle in the way of
establishing ‘(Good governance)’ in Bangladesh. It has been a
continuing problem. According to all major ranking
institutions, Bangladesh
routinely finds itself among
the most corrupt countries
in the world. Although, the
status started to improve
after 2006, the country is
still found at the bottom of
the list. (পরীোয় দলখার মাকে ডানপাকশ
এধরকর্র বক্স শিোরও শেকত পাকরা)
Bribery, rent-seeking and
inappropriate use of government funds, excessive lobbying,
long time delays in service performance, pilferage,
irresponsible conduct from the government officials,
bureaucratic intemperance have made public sector
departments the most corrupt sectors of Bangladesh. Public
sectors in Bangladesh include police departments, fire
departments, water supply, electricity, gas supply, education,
waste disposal, health, transportation, administration etc.
According to Transparency International Report (TIR: 2018),
“Corruption acts to diminish the ability of law enforcement
to accomplish its mission. The prevalence of corruption in
Bangladesh has not only diminished the ability of the law
enforcement but also adversely affected the judiciary, public
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administration and is impeding the fair functioning of the

society.”
According to a research of TIB, 95 percent people of our
country believe that most of the members of police
department are directly involved in corruption. TIB also
reports, ‘In nine out of 12 sectors, corruption in
Bangladesh is lower than at global level’.
C. Confrontational politics:
In Bangladesh, the aimless and valueless politics has
become order of the day. Intolerance, violence and autocratic
tendency have become the invariable contents of our political
activities. Such confrontational politics halted our
advancement in the path of
establishing ‘(Good
governance)’. Today the whole
nation is divided into two
hostile campuses like a
stationary boat in the middle
sea with two seats of oarsman
rowing in opposite direction
with equal ferocity. Even the
most unfortunate part of Bangladesh politics is that the chiefs
of the two major political parties don’t talk to each other. They
cannot reach in consensus over any national or international issue.
The ruling party threats the opposition party as an enemy. Again the
opposition party thinks that the ruling party is anti-people.
D. Lack of strong civil society:
Famous British parliamentarian,
orator & essayist Edmund Burk
exactly says, “Where there is an
absence of competent political and
social leadership, civil society
should step in to fill the gap,
providing the energy and vision
needed to move the world in a new
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 12 of 32

and better direction.” But most of the people being ignorant,

Bangladesh cannot yet establish a strong civil society which
can ground the liberation and put flesh on the skeleton of
(Good governance). There exists a weak Civil Society in
Bangladesh, and that includes professional bodies, NGOs,
labor unions, media people and other organizations. Our
intellectuals are merely the helpers of ruling class.
E. Inefficiency of bureaucracy:
Bureaucracy is inevitable in any society or state, an
inseparable part of an organized society. It is one of the key
stones of attaining ‘(good governance)’. But the bureaucracy of
Bangladesh is not efficient in management and
administration. The capacity of policy implementation of our
bureaucracy is very poor. Bureaucrats are not accountable
and transparent to the people. Besides, the whole system
runs on an outdated legal structure. That’s why we often fail to
achieve huge loans and aids from many international organizations.
Even for this weakness, government often becomes misguided on
the way solving the important affairs of the country.
F. Under-developed human resources/ Unskilled Manpower:
Under-developed human resources/Unskilled Manpower is
one of the biggest obstacles on the way of establishing good
governance in Bangladesh. The United Nations Population Division
estimates around 68 percent of our population are of working age.
This means Bangladesh currently has a rare demographic window of
opportunity—where the working age population surpasses that of non-
working age. At this crucial juncture, about 29.8 percent of our
population aged 15-29 are not in education, employment or training
(NEET). And, as a result, we are missing out on reaping the
“demographic dividend”. According to a report of Bangladesh Bank's
Research Department, there are 12.5 million Bangladeshi workers
abroad. It is great news, but only 2 percent of them are skilled. That’s
why, Dr. Md. Forash Uddin, ex-president of Bangladesh Bank rightly
said, “Vocational education is more important and essential for our
development which must be evaluated, sooner or later”.
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G. Nepotism:
Nepotism is another nuisance of establishing ‘(Good
governance)’. The rulers give privilege and unfair advantage to
their family members, kiths and kins on public resources. So
the mass people are deprived from these opportunities. In
addition, politicization in
government institutions
including the police not
only increases inefficiency
and corruption but also
increases human rights
violation, especially on the
opposition political parties
by filing false cases.
H. Mistrust and non-confidence in leadership:
People in our country don’t want to trust their leaders
both in public & private sectors. Leaders are generally
identified as ‘tout’ by the mass people. As a result, whatever
good things they advocate, the people apprehend some hidden
intentions behind the proposals. Hence the leaders cannot
play their respective roles in this matter.
I. Improper and non-observance of the rule of law:
The mass people in Bangladesh believe that rule of law is just
not existence in the country. They don’t rely on government in
terms of application of the rule of law. In true and real sense,
it is said that laws are there but they are applied only in favor
of privilege people or class. As a result, justices suffer and
denied to the common people although that is an important
aspect of good governance.
J. Lack of proper education
system:
Another dreadful impediment
is lack of appropriate education
system. Though Bangladesh has 58
public and 148 private universities, it
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 14 of 32

has a great absence of an effective education policy and its

implementation. It is more than true that it is education which can
enlighten our life removing all kinds of superstition, malpractice and
ignorance. But unfortunately, our country is always lagged behind
in this vital sector.
K. Boundless Poverty:
Boundless poverty is one of great hindrances behind good
governance. The youngest poet in Bengali Literature Sukanta says,
‘The earth is prosaic in the realm of hunger,
The full moon seems a piece of fried bread.’
According to a report of World Bank, there are 1.5 billion people,
who live below poverty line in the present world. But the terrible &
shocking news is that one of them dies in every 3.6 seconds for the
scarcity of food. George Eliot exactly says, ‘A man never can be wise
with an empty stomach.’

L. Unemployment Problem:
Unemployment is a great concern of Bangladesh. Every year
thousands of students are coming
out from college & university.
About 46% of the total
unemployed youth are
university graduates. Experts
have highlighted, while expatriate
workers are sending in about USD
24.77 billion in remittances, over
USD 5 billion is leaving the
country every year as salary of foreigners employed mostly in top
managerial positions within Bangladesh. While foreign experts are
necessary, many of these positions could be occupied by domestic
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workers if they are given the right skillset. David Hume rightly
remarks, ‘A nation can never progress with a part of its people
unemployed.’
M. Technological gap:
In Bangladesh, there is a lack of commitment in the
importance of stable technological improvement. With confined
improvement of technology, Bangladesh is lacking skilled work
force including managers, engineers and technicians. Technical,
professional and vocational training, which is a crying need to
develop a country, is totally absent in our education system.
N. Negative attitude:
Negative attitude is great bar for establishing ‘(Good
governance)’. It discourages one to accept others. Our first attempt
to everything is to find out the faults & dark sides of a matter.
O. Lack/ Improper use of resources:
The fund flow in Bangladesh is not smooth to the local government.
Beside, this fund is not utilized properly and very often diverted to
other purposes. So, the ordinary people cannot get efforts, if any, of
ensuring good governance. Electricity, coal, gas and oil in Bangladesh
are not adequate to operate mills and factories.
P. Lack of strong political leadership:
Bangladesh has no strong political leadership, necessary for
leading the nation towards prosperity and stability. Our leaders
cannot unite the nation in a platform. It seems that by dividing, they
stand. They oppose each other only for the sake of opposition and
party interest.
Other related obstacles
1. Lack of moral education/ 4. Lack of foreign currency/
counseling economic support
2. Weak infrastructure/ lack of 5. Backwardness of export
skilled workers problem
3. Undeveloped transport & 6. Lack of poverty reduction
communications strategy
7. Deficiencies of capital
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 2 of 32

8. Weak investment base 26. Belief in superstitions

9. Misuse of foreign loans & aids 27. Misappropriation of
10. Misinterpretation of religion resources
11. Lack of information/raw 28. Moral degradation
materials 29. child marriage
12. Futility of industrial policies 30. Underdeveloped
13. Lack of political agricultural systems
behavior in parliament 31. Underdeveloped and
14. Indifference of political underdeveloped industries
parties 32. Low per capita income
15. Dependence on agriculture and low standard of living
16. Traditional Mentality 33. Adversity in foreign trade
17. Influence of satellite/ 34. Excessive dependence
open sky culture on foreign aid
18. Restless mentality of 35. Lack of skilled
the youth organizers
19. Poor condition of 36. The vicious cycle of
marketing poverty
20. Crisis of meeting basic 37. Imperfect utilization of
human needs natural resources
38. Limited production
21. Unequal distribution of capacity
wealth
39. Shortage of foreign
22. Frequent natural disasters exchange
23. Political unrest
24. International intrigue
25. Cultural aggression
(শনকে শনকে এরকম আকরা শকছু কমন েমস্যা/ প্রশতবন্ধকতার পকয়ে েংকলন ককর রাকখা)
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09. Strategies/ Initiatives taken by the government:

To overcome this existing crisis অেবা, In order to achieve this
goal in a more dynamic and desirable manner, the government has set
out a number of holistic approaches and has taken steps to complete
some work in the short term and some in the long term. The Government
of Bangladesh has also enacted a number of laws and policies to prevent
or implement this vital issue. The following are some of the important
footsteps taken by the government: (এখাকন খুব দভকব-শচকে বাস্তব জ্ঞান কাকে লাশেকয়
শকছু পদবেবপর থা পবেন্ট আ াবর শলকখ দেকব)
i.
ii.
iii.
10. Recommendations/Measures to improve
‘(Good governance)’/Our Expectations
Improvement of ‘(Good governance)’ is an essential need
for the country’s greater interest. To make the country
enriched of ‘(Good governance)’, citizens of all classes should
be responsible, accountable, dutiful and considerate.
Nepotism, favoritism, red-tapism should be dealt with an iron
hand. Besides some prominent, maintainable aspects are as
follow:
অেবা, Here are some suggestions to make the dream of good
governance come true:
1. Taking steps to reform administrative channels with
liability and transparency.
2. To execute strict exemplary punishment to concerned
people/miscreants by enforcing impartial, inflexible laws
and menacing penal code.
3. To drive healthy, religious and pragmatic awareness in the mind of
people in general about good governance through all mass media.
4. Where there is illiteracy, there is a difficulty in ensuring good
governance. The citizens can acquire qualities of good governance
only through literacy. The people should have the sense of
understanding the problems. They should possess such qualities as
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 2 of 32

sacrifice, sympathy, selfless service of the country, discipline,

fraternity, etc. Education system must
make sound to build up future leaders for
the country.
5. Our media should play the role of
watchdog about (Good governance) as well
as arbitrary acts and decesions of the
government. Media should make clear the
merits of (Good governance). Anthony
Mascarenhas said that “The freedom of
newspaper could preserve democracy, constitutionalism and good
governance”. This freedom also can ensure the accountability of the
public institutions and policies. The more peoples have access to
information, the more their rights will be secured. The media, both
print and electronic, play an important role in molding public
awareness. Media is called the fourth pillar of the state.
Unfortunately, the media especially in Bangladesh, especially the
state-run ones are controlled by the ruling party.
6. People themselves should be aware of their rights, duties
and destiny. They should renounce consciously the unwise
activities as well as anti-people act of the government.
7. The Independent Anti-Corruption Commission will prove to be
sufficiently independent and bold to punish corruption in high
places of the government. It should be free from executive influence
in order to ensure progress to the right direction. Anti-corruption
courts should be established. Independent anti-corruption
commission can play role to prevent corruption from the all sectors
of a nation.
8. The Office of Ombudsman is mandatory for ensuring
transparency, accountability, efficiency and overall development. It
is absolutely necessary for a country like Bangladesh, which has
already been ranked as the most corrupted country in the world. It
helps protect individual against executive mistakes, protect legal
 BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)

status of individuals, act as impartial agent of citizen, promote

transparency and prevent corruption. So Ombudsman must be
independent, have power of investigation, given annual report, have
a clearly defined jurisdiction and a man of integrity, honesty and
outstanding merit should be appointed as an ombudsman.
9. Face to face talk between the central leaders is highly
expected. They may talk at private as well as public levels,
formal and informal about the issue of (Good governance).
10. Rule of law is a pre-condition for establishing (Good
governance). In this regard, highest priority should be given to
reform of police and related administrations. Now it is highly
recommended to reform the law enforcing agencies to ride of political
influences so that they could truly maintain the rule of law.
11. To make the parliament effective and to make law-
making-body do its due business in co-operation with each
other government and opposition.
12. Our opposition parties should not think negatively. Their
politics should not be aimed at creating problems for
government rather to protect the people’s interest. Politicians
should stop from delivering irresponsible and antagonistic
speech to get political benefit in a national crisis.
13. Good governance requires a first and easy accessible
service system. E-governance is an important step for better
and rapid service. Although for the poor economic condition of
the country is a barrier to the E-governance, government
should ask cooperation from development partners and
organizations.
14. Country’s political culture should be enriched. Politicians
should believe practice that parliament is the center of all discussion.
15. Bay of Bengal and coastal areas can be powerhouse of
national economy of Bangladesh. A sustainable marine
economy, extending close to coast and stretching up to
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 4 of 32

economic zone, can bridge up the shore and off shore in a

relational binding and bond of caring, managing and use.
16. It is of paramount importance that an Independent
Human Rights Commission would be formed.
17. The success of good governance also depends on the high
moral standard of the people as well as of the government.
Where there is dishonesty, black-marketing, hoarding and
smuggling and where the ministers and public servants are
corrupt & dishonest, the question of the success of good
governance does not arise. People should have the spirit of
patriotism, discipline, self-control, and honesty in payment of
taxes and willing obedience to the laws of the land.
18. The maintenance of law and order in society by the
government is another essential condition for the success of
good governance. Anarchy prevails where government fails to
maintain law and order and the people’s faith in government is
shaken. They look towards dictatorship in order to get rid of anarchy.
19. There should be a balance among all the institutions of
the country. All institutions must work within the boundary of
their limit. It will ensure the proper functioning of the
governmental machinery.
20. Equal distribution of natural resources be ensured. Provinces
must be given right and due share over their natural resources.

21. Justice is indispensable in this regard. Access to cheap

and quick justice be made possible for everyone. Dispensation
of justice must be irrespective of class, creed and religion.
22. Economic policies be revised. They must be reformed to
meet the demands of the poor masses. Agricultural and
industrial sectors must be revolutionized to attract
investment and boost the economy.
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23. Cut-down of extra expenditure by down-sizing the

administrative setup is the dire need of the hour. It would be
greatly helpful in reducing debt burden from our country.
24. All the institutions responsible for maintaining
accountability should be authorized. Legislation be enacted to
improve accountability. It must be started from the top. Everyone,
no matter how powerful is he, must be brought to book.
25. The private sector can play a more active role for
friendly governance. Business house management can
emphasis on business ethics to ensure minimal standards of
the organization. The positive environment in business and
economy can attract foreign investment. The private organizations
also have influence on major reforms of the government. They can
express their opinion to promote good governance.
26. If the leaders of our country objectively guide this
generation, they can do wonder for the nation.

27. Bangladesh is currently passing through the golden

period of demographic dividend. In this pivotal situation, the
large number of manpower should be converted into human
resources and utilized for the advancement of theis issue.
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 6 of 32

Other important recommendations:

1. To increase investment in the private sector significantly
2. To upsurge efforts to protect the economy of Bangladesh
3. To increase the use of ICT at all levels
4. To upswing remittances by sending skilled workers.
5. Coordination with different countries and international organizations
of the world needs to be enhanced
6. The infrastructural development of the country must be continued
7. Extrajudicial killings must be stopped and justice must be established
8. Democracy must be strengthened and an effective parliament must be ensured
9. The rule of law must be established without political bias
10. Necessary steps need to be taken to attract domestic and foreign entrepreneurs
11. Clear policies have to be formulated and implemented in this regard
12. Effective steps need to be taken to restore GSP facility
13. Inequality between men and women must be reduced in society
14. To create equal opportunities for women in the workplace
15. The importance of the issue should be highlighted through
meetings, assemblies and symposiums
16. Steps must be taken to reduce population growth
17. Sustainable development plans need to be adopted and implemented
18. Afforestation should be increased by planting trees
19. To promote consciousness in the minds of common people.
20. The country is bigger than individuals and parties. We have to
awaken this feeling in the minds of the people.
21. The responsibility entrusted to everyone must be fulfilled with
honesty and sincerity
22. We have to build a social movement in this regard
23. Effective steps need to be taken to reap the benefits of the current
demographic dividend
24. Sustainable GDP growth must be maintained
25. Food, nutrition, health and education must be ensured
26. New employment needs to be created in the country through the
development and advancement of IT based industries.
27. We need to create an investment-friendly environment
28. Effective steps must be taken to suppress religious
misinterpretations and extremism
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29. Ongoing Mega Projects have to be completed within the stipulated time
30. The youth should be motivated to build a non-communal
Bangladesh in the spirit of liberation war.
31. Providing training program 32. Giving financial support
33. Participation of woman in different levels
34. Enhancing education program
35. Motivation and publicity campaign
36. Tolerance and mutual understanding
37. Giving importance on vocational and technical education
38. Population control 39. Creating more working opportunity
40. Development of industry 41. Development of co-operation
42. Development of public Health/Agriculture
44. Explore new markets 43. Psychological development
45. Create awareness about people’s right etc.
(শনকে শনকে এরকম আকরা শকছু কমন সুপাশরশ/ পরামশ ণ / েমাধাকনর উপায় েংকলন ককরা)

11. Conclusion:
From the above long and vivid discussion, we, without a
second thought, may assert that good governance is an ideal which
is difficult to achieve in its totality. Very few countries and societies
have come close to the way of achieving good governance in its
whole. In Bangladesh, many issues and problems are the barriers to
ensure good governance. As an optimist, we believe, if sincere
efforts can be taken for implementing the above-mentioned steps,
Bangladesh will be a model of good governance to the remaining
world. The whole world is burning with the concern of Good
governance. Discussion and debate continue throughout the world
about the meaning and dimensions of governance. It has also
become an issue of national potential of our country. All peace-
loving people of the country expect it from heart and soul. All the
enlightened people of the country must find out the measures to
promote this vital issue. Otherwise, our future generation will not
forgive us for our dreadful indifference.
(চাইবল ক াবনা এ টি প্রাসংশ্লগ ক াবেশন শ্লদবেও রচনাটি সমাপ্ত রবত পাবরা)
Homework: এখন শ্লেশ্লভন্ন গুরুত্বপূর্ ণ রচনার শুধুমাত্র পবেন্টগুবলা এ টি কনাে খাতাে সং লন
বরা এেং ক্লাবসর শ্লনবদ ণশনা অনু ােী মন ো যগুবলা সংব াজন বর আইশ্লিো কিবভলপ বরা।
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 8 of 32

An Exclusive Technique
To Develop an Essay on
Contemporary Issues
Phase: 2

Essays on Negative Topics as:

1. Drug Addiction in Bangladesh
2. Unemployment Problem
3. Human Trafficking and BD
4. Traffic Congestion
5. Corruption
6. Hartal: An Arms in the Hand of Politicians
7. Confrontational Politics
8. Dowry: A Social Curse
9. Child Labour in BD
10. Instability in share market
11. Food Adulteration রচনাটির যাবতীয় কলাককৌশল
12. Road Accidents ক্লাকে বকল দেয়া হকব। অতএব
13. Load Shedding এই শশটটি পড়ার আকে ক্লােটি
14. Acid Throwing মকনাকযাে শেকয় শুকনা। ক্লাে না
15. Illiteracy ককর, শুধু শশট পড়কল খুব দবশশ
16. Violence against Women দবকনশিকটড হকব না।
17. Eve-teasing: Causes & Remedies
18. Religious Extremism
19. Terrorism: A Threat for National Security
20. Domestic Violence
21. Cultural Assault/ Open Sky Culture
22. Price Spiral of Essential Commodities
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1. Preface: (কনশ্লতোচ ইস্যযগুবলাবত G ai‡bi cÖvmw½K ক াবনা Dw³ w`‡q kyiæ Ki‡Z পাবরা)
"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by
those who watch them without doing anything." -
Albert Einstein
At the very outset of our discussion, we may unhesitatingly
say that ‘Name of the Essay’ (as Terrorism) has become one of the
much talked issues held in both national and international
atmospheres in the couple of the years.
অেবা, As a vehicle becomes inoperable with contaminated
fuel, likewise a country gradually becomes unworkable with the
existence of terrorism.
It is like a dreadful toxic which kill a patient slowly. It is a
tremendous peril for Bangladesh to be developed socially/
culturally/ economically. In 1971 South Korea, Thailand,
Bangladesh and Malaysia were in similar economic condition.
Only by handling such type of crucial functions properly, those
countries except Bangladesh have achieved an enormous trade
and industrial development.
অেবা, Terrorism is a frightening word in this era and has
swept public attention for the last decades.
Undeniably, ‘Name of the Essay’ (as terrorism) is a great
hurdle behind a country’s development. It blows up the human
rights, takes away the justice, destroys law and order and
hinders equal opportunities to the masses. It obstructs the fruits
of progress and development to all and sundry. It is unexpected
at all levels of society and state. In today’s globalized world
terrorism hinders to meet the challenges of the world. It makes
the system of the state ineffectual and inefficient.
অেবা, Undoubtedly, it has attracted the serious and
inquisitive attention of the researchers, policy-makers, think
tanks, civil society even all the conscious people of the country.
অেবা, It has also become a major hindrance in the
consideration of a state’s ability to conform to universally
acceptable social/democratic standards. In Bangladesh the
present condition of terrorism is very terrifying. To ensure sound
local development, action should be taken to work towards
eliminating terrorism.
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 10 of 32

Now, we will proceed on to throw some light on this very

topic focusing its definition, dimension, characteristics,
classifications, merits and demerits, and wide range-impact in
this present world.
অেবা, This essay will address some of the multifaceted queries
associated with terrorism in light of its latest and up-to-date
veracity.
2. What is ‘‘(Terrorism)’:
The question of (terrorism) has become one of the most potent
subjects of concern for the contemporary social scientists. In
fact, it is not defined in a uniform way by the theoreticians and
practitioners. Even, there is no widely accepted single definition
of terrorism itself. In general sense,
terrorism means….
অেবা, In recent years there have
been numerous attempts to define
the term, but these efforts have
not resulted in any universal
consensus as to the precise
meaning of terrorism. In general
sense terrorism means…
The term terrorism can be
explained in different contexts- global, national, international
community.
3. Historical background:
Before discussing the topic in detail, we can mention that
there is a long historical background of ‘(terrorism)’. The word
“terrorism" is not new. It is as old as human civilization. It is an
ever changing issue of which meaning has been changing over
time. Since the days of Plato and Aristotle, it has meant ….
Bangladesh urgently needs a good way to demolish terrorism to
improve its poor economic, social and political condition and to
provide the environment for private sector development and
employment generation.
4. Charactristics/Features/Goals of Terrorism:
(Please follow classroom instruction)
5. Present situation of Terrorism:
 BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)

6. Impact/Influence of Terrorism:
In a modern wellbeing state, the impact/ influence of
terrorism….(Please follow phase-1)
7. Countries stricken with ‘Terrorism’:
Now we will mention the name of some countries that are
highly affected with terrorism. They are Bangladesh, India,
Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Myanmar etc.

8. Causes of ‘Terrorism’
Despite the continuing efforts of Bangladesh to demolish the
terrorism in the country, it is still suffering, among other things,
from numerous insufficiencies and complexities, both structural
and non- structural. At present, some of the vital causes of
terrorism in Bangladesh are:
a. Over population: (Please follow classroom instruction)
Over population has become a great cause of ‘(terrorism)’. …
b. Wide range of corruption:
Corruption is another perilous cause in the way of removing
‘(terrorism)’ in Bangladesh. …
C. Confrontational politics:
In Bangladesh, the aimless and valueless politics has become
order of the day. Intolerance, violence and autocratic tendency
have become the invariable contents of our political activities.
Such confrontational politics halted our advancement in the
path of demolishing ‘(terrorism)’…

D. Lack of strong civil society:

…. But most of the people being ignorant, Bangladesh cannot
yet establish a strong civil society which can ground the liberation and
put flesh on the skeleton of the endavour of eliminating (terrorism). ….
E. Inefficiency of bureaucracy:
Bureaucracy is inevitable in any society or state, an inseparable
part of an organized society. It is also one of the key stones of
abolishing ‘(terrorism)’. ...
F. Under-developed human resources:
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 12 of 32

Under-developed human resources is one of the biggest

obstacles in the way of wiping out(terrorism) in Bangladesh….
G. Nepotism:
Nepotism is another trouble of bulldozing ‘(terrorism)’. ...
H. Mistrust and non-confidence in leadership:
People in our country don’t want to trust their leaders both in public &
private sectors. …
I. Improper and non-observance of the rule of law:
….As a result, justices suffer and are denied to the common
people and for this reason a group of people become inspired to
the dark path of (terrorism).
J. Lack of proper education system:
Another dreadful impediment is lack of appropriate education
system. ….

K.
Boundless
Poverty:
Boundless
poverty is
one of major
sources of
(terrorism).
The
youngest
poet in
Bengali
Literature
Sukanta
says,…
 BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)

L. Unemployment Problem:
Unemployment is a great concern of Bangladesh…

M. Technological gap:
In Bangladesh, there is a lack of commitment in the importance of
stable technological improvement. …
N. Negative attitude:
Negative attitude is another great bar for reducing ‘(terrorism)’. ...
O. Lack of resources:
The fund flow in Bangladesh is not smooth to the local government. …
P. Lack of strong political leadership:
Bangladesh has no strong political leadership, necessary for
leading the nation towards prosperity and stability. …
Other related obstacles:

09. Strategies/ Initiatives taken by the government:

(Please follow classroom instruction)
10. Recommendations/Measures to demolish/minimize
terrorism:
Eradication of ‘(terrorism)’ is a crucial need for the country’s
greater interest. To make the country get rid of ‘(terrorism)’,
citizens of all classes should be responsible, accountable, dutiful
and considerate. (Please follow classroom instruction)
1. Taking steps to reform administration channels with liability
and transparency.
2. To execute strict exemplary punishment to concerned
people/miscreants by enforcing impartial, inflexible laws and
menacing penal code. …(Please follow class instruction)
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 14 of 32

3. Where there is illiteracy, there is a difficulty in

abolishing(terrorism). The citizens can acquire the path of
reducing of (terrorism) only through literacy. ...
13. The success of reducing (terrorism) also depends on the
high moral standard of …(Please follow class instruction)
14. The maintenance of law and order in society by the government
is another essential condition for the success of minimizing (terrorism).
15. The private sector can play a more active role for
reducing (terrorism). They can express their opinion to
diminish (terrorism).
Other important recommendations:
(Please follow classroom instruction)
Conclusion:
From the above long and vivid discussion, we, without a
second thought, may assert that(terrorism) is a remarkable crisis
which is truly difficult to tear down in its totality. Very few
countries and societies have come close to the way of
solving(terrorism) in its whole. In Bangladesh, many issues and
problems are the barriers to cut(terrorism). As an optimist, we
believe, if sincere efforts can be taken for implementing the
above-mentioned steps, Bangladesh will be a model of (terrorism)
free country to the remaining world. The whole world is burning
with the trouble of (terrorism). Discussion and debate continue
throughout the world about the meaning and dimensions of
(terrorism). It has also become an issue of national catastrophe of
our country. No peace loving people of the country except it at
all. All the enlightened people of the country must find out the
measures to prevent this serious issue. Otherwise, our future
generation will not forgive us for our dreadful indifference.

Written By:
Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury
BA (Hons), MA in English, MM (Al-Hadith)
MBA in Mgt. Studies, DU
Presently working under the Ministry of Education
Author: A Handbook on English Literature
Senior Teacher: English Faculty, B.C.S Oditi Career, Dhaka
Facebook: [email protected], +1 716-279-7507 (sms)
 BCS Oditi Online Class (01904-433500)

Definition Collection
1. The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet's
atmosphere warms the planet's surface to a temperature above what it
would be without this atmosphere.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2. In international development, good governance is a way of measuring
how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public
resources in a preferred way. Governance is "the process of decision-
making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not
implemented)".
"What is Good Governance". UNESCAP,
3. Women's empowerment (or female empowerment) is the process
of empowering women. It may be defined in several ways, including
accepting women's viewpoints or making an effort to seek them, raising the
status of women through education, awareness, literacy, and training.
-Kabeer, Naila. "Gender equality and women'empoverment
4. According to the World Bank, the blue economy is the "sustainable use
of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs
while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem."
European Commission defines it as "All economic activities
related to oceans, seas and coasts. It covers a wide range of interlinked
established and emerging sectors."
The Commonwealth of Nations considers it "an emerging concept
which encourages better stewardship of our ocean or 'blue' resources."
5. Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentional violence to
achieve political aims. It is used in this regard primarily to refer to violence
during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants (mostly
civilians and neutral military personnel). Virginia Fortna
6. A developing country is a country with a less developed industrial base
and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. The
term low and middle-income country (LMIC) is often used
interchangeably but refers only to the economy of the countries. The
World Bank classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on
Gross National Income per capita: high, upper-middle, lower-middle-,
and low-income countries. Least developed countries, landlocked
 Sharif Hossain Ahmad Chowdhury RRS BCS English Page 16 of 32

developing countries and small-island developing states are all sub-

groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the
spectrum are usually referred to as high-income countries or developed
countries.
7. Bangladesh Delta Plan (BDP) 2100 was approved by the National
Economic Council (NEC) chaired by Sheikh Hasina, the Hon’ble Prime
Minister of Bangladesh on the 4th of September 2018. “A 100 year
visionary plan, Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 – an important step towards
fulfilling the commitment of achieving a safe, resilient and prosperous
Bangladesh” proudly asserted by the Hon’ble Prime Minister. Bangladesh
is the first country in the world to develop such a comprehensive long-term
plan for its entire delta. The Government of Bangladesh plans to spend
2.5% of GDP for delta-related interventions, through new investments and
maintenance of already realized projects.
8. Renewable energy is useful energy that is collected from renewable
resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, including
carbon neutral sources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and
geothermal heat.
9. Remittance is derived from the word 'remit' which means 'to send back'.
Remittance refers to money that is sent or transferred to another party,
usually overseas. Remittances can be sent via a wire transfer, electronic
payment system, mail, draft, or cheque. Remittances can be used for any
type of payment including invoices for business purposes or other
obligations like personal transfers made to family and friends.

(এভাকব শনকে শনকেই গুরুত্বপূর্ ণ রচনাগুকলার েংজ্ঞা েংকলন ককরা…)