Project Scheduling – Network Technique
CPM & PERT
Session 04 ( Part -2)
Network Planning Techniques
• Program Evaluation & Review Technique (PERT)
- An analytical project management approach is used to determine the precise time taken by the
team to successfully complete the project by managing undefined activities.
- It is a deterministic model. (Task’s duration – Probabilistic)
• Critical Path Method (CPM)
- An analytical project management approach that helps in scheduling the project with a precise
start and an end date of the project, undertaking the predefined activities of a project.
- It is a deterministic model. (Task’s duration – Deterministic)
PERT and CPM
•Graphically display precedence relationships and sequence of
activities.
•Estimate the project duration
•Identify critical activities that cannot be delayed without delayed
without delaying the project.
•Estimate the amount of slack associated with non-critical
activities.
CPM – AON (Method 01)
Step 01 – Define the Project:
The project team has
identified 11 activities and
their precedence
relationships. Develop an
AON for the project
CPM - AON
Step 02 – Diagram the network
CPM - AON
Step 03 – Add Deterministic Time Estimates and Connected Paths
CPM - AON
Step 04 – Calculate the Path completion Times:
Critical Path: The longest sequence of activities that
must be finished on time to complete the entire
project.
• In here the longest path ABDEGIJK is the project
critical path.
• The longest path limits the project duration(Project
cannot finish in less time than its longest path)
CPM – AON (Method 02)
• In this method that activity can be defined as shown in the below
EST EFT
A
Duration
LST LFT
Activity Time
CPM – AON (Method 02)
• Early starting time – EST – Earliest time that activity can start
• Late Starting Time – LST- Latest time that activity start
• Early finishing Time – EFT – Earliest time the activity can finish
• Late Finishing Time – LFT -Latest time that activity can finish
Slack / Float
Indicates that how long the activity can be delay without affecting to the project completion
time(with out increasing project completion time)
Slack Time = LST – EST or LFT – EFT
CPM – AON (Method 02)
Critical Activities: (Activity with 0 Slack)
Critical path activities are the project tasks that must start and finish on time to ensure that the
project ends on schedule.
A delay in any critical path activity will delay the total project completion.
Critical Path
The longest sequence of activities that must be finished on time to complete the entire project.
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
• ABDEGIJK is the expected critical path, and the project has an expected duration of 44.83
weeks.
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
• Using probabilistic time estimates offers the advantage of predicting the probability of project
completion dates.
• We have already calculated the expected time for each activity by making three-time
estimates.
• Now we need to calculate the variance for each activity.
• The variance of the data probability distribution is:
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
PERT – Probabilistic Time Estimates
Critical Activities Highlighted Sum of Variance (Critical) – 4.96
Calculating the Probability of Completing the Project in Less
than the Specified Time
• Expected path completion time : EFp
• Variance of path:
• Specified Completion Date: Dp
Calculate the Probability of completing the project in Dp weeks with the following
formula:
Sample Questions
Example 02: Calculate Length of CPM and Path Variance
Most
Optimistic Pessimistc Expected
Dependancies Activity likely Variance
Time Time Time
Time
NO A 8 10 12 10 0.444
A B 4 10 16 10 4
A C 4 5 6 5 0.111
B D 6 8 10 8 0.444
D E 4 7 12 7.33 1.778
C F 6 7 9 7.17 0.25
E, F G 4 8 12 8 1.778
G H 3 3 3 3 0
Apply Z formula to find the probability of completing project
Thank You !
