A PROJECT

ON

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE
SUBMIITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF DEGREE OF

CLASS - XII
IN
MATHEMATICS

SUBMITTED BY

AARYA TRIPATHI
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MISS SAKSHI SHUKLA

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

THE PILLARS PUBLIC SCHOOL

2024-2025
 A PROJECT

ON

APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE
SUBMIITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF DEGREE OF

CLASS - XII
IN
MATHEMATICS

SUBMITTED BY

AARYA TRIPATHI

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MISS SAKSHI SHUKLA

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
THE PILLARS PUBLIC SCHOOL
2024-2025
 THE PILLARS PUBIC SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

DECLARATION

This project work entitled “APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES” is your

own work carried

under the guidance of MISS SAKSHI SHUKLA , Department of

mathematics , The Pillars

Public School , Gorakhpur. This project is submitted in the partial

fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of CLASS-XII in mathematics .

STUDENT’S NAME
AARYA TRIPATHI

DATE :

PLACE: Gorakhpur
 THE PILLARS PUBLIC SCHOOL

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Project work entitled “Applications of

derivatives” , is the

Bonafide work done by student and is submitted to The Pillars Public

School ,

Gorakhpur for the degree of fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of

CLASS-XII in subject Mathematics.

STUDENT’S NAME : Aarya Tripathi

DATE :

PLACE : Gorakhpur

Project guide
Principal
Miss Sakshi Shukla The Pillars
Public School
The Pillars Public School
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deepest sense of gratitude and obligation to my revered

teacher and guide Miss Sakshi Shukla, Department of Mathematics, The Pillars

Public School , Gorakhpur for her inspirational guidance, suggestions,

constructive criticism throughout my graduate studies. I relied heavily on his

professional judgment and encouragement, which benefited me immensely in

carrying out this project.

I also express my sincere gratitude to Mrs Usha , Principal, The Pillars Public

School , Gorakhpur , for his encouragement and immense cooperation during

my graduate studies at The Pillars Public School.

I wish to express my gratitude to my parents for sparing me to undertake this

research project without any hindrances.

Student’s Name
Aarya Tripathi
 “Applications of Derivative”
Introduction
1.1 History

Newton and Leibniz quite Independently of one another were largely responsible for
developing the ideas of Integral calculus to the point where hitherto Insurmountable
problems could be solved by more or less routine methods. The successful
accomplishments of these men were primarily due to the fact that they were able to
fuse together the integral calculus with the second main branch of calculus,
differential calculus.

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Gottfried Leibniz (1646-1716)

The central idea of differential calculus is the notation of derivative. Like the integral,
the derivative originated from a problem in geometry the problem finding the
tangent line at a point of a curve. Unlike the integral. However, the derivative evolved
very late in the history of mathematics. The concept was not formulated until early in
the 17 century when the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, attempted to
determine the maxima and minima of certain special functions.

1.2 Definition of Derivative:

We begin with a function f defined at least on some open interval (a,

b) on the xaxis. Then we choose a fixed-point x in this interval and
introduce the difference quotient

1
2.





1.3








2
Vo initial volume exponential growth, k-growth constant, t-time

3
In order to find the rate of change in tumor growth, you must take the
derivative of the volume equation (V (t))

𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑉0 ∗ 𝑒𝑘𝑡

𝑉′(𝑡) = 𝑉0 ∗ 𝑒𝑘𝑡 ∗ 𝑘

Because 𝑒𝑘𝑡 is a complicated function, we use chain rule to derivate it.

𝑦 = 𝑒𝑘𝑡

Let 𝑢 = 𝑘𝑡𝑦 = 𝑒𝑢

𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑉0 ∗ 𝑒𝑘𝑡

𝑉(7) = 10 × 2.178(0.075)7

𝑉(7) = 15.05𝑐𝑚3 𝑉

(𝑡) = 𝑘. 𝑣
′

4
 𝑉′(𝑡) = 0.075 × 15.05

𝑉′(𝑡) = 1.13𝑐𝑚3/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Then let's calculate the rate of change of smaller tumor with the
same growth constant and time period.

2.3 Smaller tumor:

Find the rate of change of a tumor when its initial volume is 2 cm³ with a
growth constant of 0.075 over a time period of 7 years

𝑉(𝑡) = 𝑉0 ∗ 𝑒𝑘𝑡

𝑉(7) = 2 × 2.178(0.075)7

𝑉(7) = 3.01𝑐𝑚3

𝑉′(𝑡) = 𝑘. 𝑣

𝑉′(𝑡) = 0.075 × 3.01

𝑉′(𝑡) = 0.23𝑐𝑚3/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

With this calculation we know how important it is to detect a tumor

as soon as possible. It is crucial to give a right treatment that will stop or
slow down the growth of the tumor because bigger tumor intend to grow
faster and, in some case, becoming a cancer that have a small chance to
cured.

2.4 Blood Flow:

High blood pressure can affect the ability of the arteries to open and
close. If your blood pressure is too high, the muscles in the artery wall
will respond by pushing back harder. This will make them grow bigger,
which makes your artery walls thicker. Thicker arteries mean that there
is less space for the blood to flow through. This will raise your blood
pressure even further.

5
 Due to fat and cholesterol plaque that cling to the vessel, it becomes
constricted. If an artery bursts or becomes blocked, the part of the body
that gets its blood from that artery will be starved of the energy and
oxygen it needs and the cells in the affected area will die.

6
 If the burst artery supplies a part of the brain then the result is a
stroke. If the burst artery supplies a part of the heart, then that area of
heart muscle will die, causing a heart attack.

We can calculate the velocity of the blood flow and detect if there are
something wrong with the blood pressure or the blood vessel wall. In this
case, we portrait the blood vessel as a cylindrical tube with radius R and
length L as illustrated below

Because of the friction at the walls of the vessel, the velocity of the
blood is not the same in every point. The velocity of the blood in the
center of the vessel is faster than the flow of the blood near the wall of
the vessel. The velocity is decreases as the distance of radius from the
axis (center of the vessel) increases until v become O at the wall.

The relationship between velocity and radius is given by the law of

laminar flow discovered by the France Physician Jean-Louis-Marie
Poiseuille in 1840. This state that

V = initial volume

𝑛 = viscosity of the blood

𝑃 = Pressure difference between the ends of the blood vessel

𝐿 = length of the blood vessel

𝑅 = radius of the blood vessel

𝑟 = radius of the specific point inside the blood vessel that we want to
know.
 To calculate the velocity gradient or the rate of change of the specific
point in the blood vessel we derivate the law of laminar flaw

8
Where r is constant. It's not hard to check that the function p(t) = 𝑃0𝑒𝑟𝑡

𝑃0 = 50 , 𝑟 = 0.65

Satisfies this differential equation, where po is the starting

population. Colonies tend to grow exponential until they run out of space
food or run into predators.

When there are limits on the food supply, the population is often
governed by the logistic

EQUATION:-

Where c and L are constant. The population grows exponentially for a

while, and then levels off at a horizontal asymptote of L

9
The logistic equation also governs the growth of epidemics, as well as for
the example, the frequency of certain genes in a population.

3.Application of Derivative in Chemistry

The change in temperature

 An object's temperature over time will approach the temperature of
its surroundings (the medium).
 The greater the difference between the object's temperature and
the medium's temperature, the greater the rate of change of the
object's temperature.
 This change is a form of exponential decay.

3.1 Newton's Law of Cooling.

 It is a direct application for differential equations.

10
  Formulated by Sir Isaac Newton.
 Have many applications in our everyday life.
 Sir Isaac Newton found this equation behaves like what is
called in Math (differential equations) so his used some
techniques to find its general solution.

3.2 Derivation of Newton's Law of Cooling:

 Newton's observations:

He observed that observed that the temperature of the body is

proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the
temperature of the objects in contact with it.







11
12
3.4

13
 (usually denoted p) is mass times
velocity, and force (F) is mass times

4.1

14
5. Application of Derivative in Mathematics:

Applications of Maxima and Minima: Optimization Problems:

We solve optimization problems of the following form: Find the

values of the unknowns x, y,... maximizing (or minimizing) the value of
the objective function f, subject to certain constraints. The constraints
are equations and inequalities relating or restricting the variables x, y.....

To solve such a problem, we use the constraint equations to write all

of the variables in terms of one chosen variable, substitute these into the
objective function f, and then find extrema as above. (We use any
constraint inequalities to determine the domain of the resulting function
of one variable.) Specifically:

1. Identify the unknown(s):

15
 These are usually the quantities asked for in the problem.
2. Identify the objective function. This is the quantity you are asked to
maximize or minimize.
3. Identify the constraint(s).
These can be equations relating variables or inequalities expressing
limitations on the values of variables.
4. State the optimization problem. This will have the form "Maximize
[minimize] the objective function subject to the constraint(s)."
5. Eliminate extra variables.
If the objective function depends on several variables, solve the
constraint equations to express all variables in terms of one
particular variable. Substitute these expressions into the objective
function to rewrite it as a function of a single variable. Substitute
the expressions into any inequality constraints to help determine
the domain of the objective function.
6. Find the absolute maximum (or minimum) of the objective function.

Example:

Here is a maximization problem

Objective Function

16
5.1

2. : Use the processer to find relative extrema and locate

the relative

17
 4.

5.

18
 1.
-

2
.

3.

4
.

19
REFRENCES: -

1. Calculus volume-1, second edition by, tom m. Apostol

2. http://www.webmd.com/a-to-2-guides/benign-tumors-
causes- treatments#1

3. https://www.blood presureuk.org/ Bloodpresure and

you/your body/Arteries

4. https://www.math.hawaii.edu/math499/extracredit

5. https://web.ma.utexas.edu/currentweb

6. https://www.zweigmedia.com/calesumms

7. https://www.jstor.org/stable/201194

20