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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
B.E., - Mechanical Engineering
Anna University Regulation: 2021
Heat and Mass Transfer
III Year / VI Semester
Hand Written Notes
Unit – II
CONVECTION
Prepared by,
Mr.G.Shasti Kumar, AP/Mech
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1. Define convection.
Convection is a process of heat transfer that will occur between a solid surface
and a fluid medium when they are at different temperatures.
2. Define Reynolds number (Re) & Prandtl number (Pr).
Reynolds number is defined as the ratio of inertia force to viscous force.
Prandtl number is the ratio of the momentum diffusivity of the thermal
diffusivity.
3. Define Nusselt number (Nu).
It is defined as the ratio of the heat flow by convection process under an unit
temperature gradient to the heat flow rate by conduction under an unit
temperature gradient
through a stationary thickness (L) of metre.
4. Define Grash of number (Gr) & Stanton number (St).
It is defined as the ratio of product of inertia force and buoyancy force to the
square of viscous force.
Stanton number is the ratio of nusselt number to the product of Reynolds
number and prandtl number.
5. What is meant by Newtonian and non – Newtonian fluids?
The fluids which obey the Newton’s Law of viscosity are called Newtonian
fluids and those which do not obey are called non – Newtonian fluids.
6. What is meant by laminar flow and turbulent flow?
Laminar flow: Laminar flow is sometimes called stream line flow. In this type
of flow, the fluid
moves in layers and each fluid particle follows a smooth continuous path. The
fluid particles in
each layer remain in an orderly sequence without mixing with each other.
Turbulent flow: In addition to the laminar type of flow, a distinct irregular
flow is frequency
observed in nature. This type of flow is called turbulent flow. The path of any
individual particle
is zig – zag and irregular. Fig. shows the instantaneous velocity in laminar and
turbulent flow.
7. What is meant by free or natural convection & forced convection?
If the fluid motion is produced due to change in density resulting from
temperature gradients, the mode of heat transfer is said to be free or natural
convection.
If the fluid motion is artificially created by means of an external force like a
blower or fan,
that type of heat transfer is known as forced convection.
8. Define boundary layer thickness.
The thickness of the boundary layer has been defined as the distance from the
surface at which the local velocity or temperature reaches 99% of the external
velocity or temperature.
ME8693_HMT
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9. What is the form of equation used to calculate heat transfer for flow
through cylindrical
pipes?
Nu = 0.023 (Re)0.8 (Pr)n
n = 0.4 for heating of fluids
n = 0.3 for cooling of fluids
10. What is meant by Newtonian and non – Newtonian fluids?
The fluids which obey the Newton’s Law of viscosity are called Newtonian
fluids and those which do not obey are called non – Newtonian fluids.
PART-B
1. Air at 20 C, at a pressure of 1 bar is flowing over a flat plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. if the
plate maintained at 60 C, calculate the heat transfer per unit width of the plate. Assuming the
length of the plate along the flow of air is 2m.
2. Air at 20 C at atmospheric pressure flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. if the
plate is 1 m wide and 80 C, calculate the following at x = 300 mm.
1. Hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness,
2. Thermal boundary layer thickness,
3. Local friction coefficient,
4. Average friction coefficient,
5. Local heat transfer coefficient
6. Average heat transfer coefficient,
7. Heat transfer.
3. Air at 30 C flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 2 m/s. The plate is 2 m long and 1.5 m
wide. Calculate the following:
1. Boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge of the plate,
2. Total drag force,
3. Total mass flow rate through the boundary layer between x = 40 cm and x = 85 cm.
4. Air at 290 C flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 6 m/s. The plate is 1m long and 0.5 m
wide. The pressure of the air is 6 kN/2. If the plate is maintained at a temperature of
70 C,estimate the rate of heat removed form the plate.
5. Air at 40 C flows over a flat plate, 0.8 m long at a velocity of 50 m/s. The plate surface is
maintained at 300 C. Determine the heat transferred from the entire plate length to air taking
into consideration both laminar and turbulent portion of the boundary layer. Also calculate
the percentage error if the boundary layer is assumed to be turbulent nature from the very
leading edge of the plate.
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6. 250 Kg/hr of air are cooled from 100 C to 30 C by flowing through a 3.5 cm inner
diameter pipe coil bent in to a helix of 0.6 m diameter. Calculate the value of air side heat
transfer coefficient if the properties of air at 65 C are
K = 0.0298 W/mK
M = 0.003 Kg/hr – m
ρ= 1.044 Kg/m3
7. In a long annulus (3.125 cm ID and 5 cm OD) the air is heated by maintaining the
temperature of the outer surface of inner tube at 50 C. The air enters at 16 C and leaves at
32 C. Its flow rate is 30 m/s. Estimate the heat transfer coefficient between air and the inner
tube.
8. Engine oil flows through a 50 mm diameter tube at an average temperature of 147 C.The
flow velocity is 80 cm/s. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient if the tube wall is
maintained at a temperature of 200 C and it is 2 m long.
9. A large vertical plate 4 m height is maintained at 606 C and exposed to atmospheric air at
106 C. Calculate the heat transfer is the plate is 10 m wide.
10. A thin 100 cm long and 10 cm wide horizontal plate is maintained at a uniform
temperature of 150 C in a large tank full of water at 75 C. Estimate the rate of heat to be
supplied to the plate to maintain constant plate temperature as heat is dissipated from either
side of plate.
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All MECH Eng Subjects - [ B.E., M.E., ] (Click on Subjects to
enter)
Materials Science Engineering Mechanics Strength of Materials
Engineering Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Engineering Materials and
Thermodynamics Metallurgy
Manufacturing Manufacturing Technology II Kinematics of Machinery
Technology I
Electrical Drives and Metrology and Measurements Computer Aided Design
Controls
Heat and Mass Transfer Design of Machine Elements Thermal Engineering
Dynamics of Machines Design of Transmission Systems Automobile Engineering
Finite Element Analysis Power Plant Engineering Mechatronics
Gas Dynamics and Jet Unconventional Machining Computer Integrated
Propulsion Processes Manufacturing Systems
Robotics Engineering Economics Engineering Graphics
Advanced Internal Basic Electrical and Electronics Transforms and Partial
Combustion Engines and Instrumentation Engineering Differential Equations
Technical English Engineering Physics Engineering Chemistry
Problem Solving and Environmental Science and Professional Ethics in
Python Programming Engineering Engineering
Principles of Management Total Quality Management
