This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C928/C928M − 20a

Standard Specification for

Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for
Concrete Repairs1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C928/C928M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-

1.1 This specification covers packaged, dry, cementitious dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
mortar or concrete materials for rapid repairs to hardened ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
hydraulic-cement concrete pavements and structures. Materials Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
that contain organic compounds, such as bitumens, epoxy mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
resins, and polymers, as the principal binder are not included. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1.1 Packaged, dry, concrete material contains aggregate of
which at least 5 % by mass of the total mixture is retained on 2. Referenced Documents
a 9.5-mm [3⁄8-in.] sieve. 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.1.2 Packaged, dry, mortar material contains aggregate of C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
which less than 5 % by mass of the total mixture is retained on drical Concrete Specimens
a 9.5-mm [3⁄8-in.] sieve. C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
iTeh Standards
1.2 Aqueous solutions, aqueous emulsions or dispersions
may be included as components of the packaged materials. The
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of

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manufacturer may specify that these liquids are to replace some
or all of the mixing water.
Hydraulic
Specimens)
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube

C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-

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1.3 Aggregates must be included as a component of the
packaged materials. The manufacturer may recommend job
gregates
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
site addition of specific amounts and types of additional Concrete
aggregates to his product for some uses. However, such
ASTM C928/C928M-20a
reformulated products are not within the scope of this specifi-
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
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cation. C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Specimens in the Laboratory
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
with the standard. Mortar, and Concrete
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
methods portion of this specification: This standard does not Concrete
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard Rapid Freezing and Thawing
to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- for Test Methods for Construction Materials
tions prior to use. C672/C672M Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Con-
crete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
C09.43 on Packaged Dry Combined Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C928/C928M – 20. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/C0928_C0928M-20A. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 C928/C928M − 20a
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing 5.1.1 Consider a total chloride ion content (Berman,
Size 1972)3,4 in the packaged repair material greater than 600
C778 Specification for Standard Sand g/m3 [1 lb/yd3] of the hardened repair material indicative that
C882 Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Sys- the packaged material contains sufficient chlorides to cause
tems Used With Concrete By Slant Shear corrosion to steel reinforcement when the concrete is exposed
C1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic- to weather, is on the ground, or is in an otherwise moist
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution environment. A much lower chloride ion content is suggested
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of for use in prestressed concrete. Guidance for such users is
Materials outside the scope of this specification.
3. Terminology 5.2 If the material contains metallic iron in excess of 1 % by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci- weight, the package markings shall contain the following
fication refer to Terminology C125. statement in letter size no smaller than the directions for use:
If small or scattered spots of iron-staining are considered objec-
4. Materials and Manufacture tionable, do not use this material where it will be exposed.

4.1 Three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening concrete

6. Performance Requirements
and three types of packaged, dry, rapid-hardening mortar are
identified in Table 1. 6.1 The materials shall comply with the performance re-
quirements in Table 1 for the applicable type.
5. Chemical Composition
5.1 If the material contains soluble chlorides or other
ingredients in sufficient quantity to cause corrosion to steel 3
Berman, H. A., Determination of Chloride in Hardened Portland Cement Paste,
reinforcement, the package markings shall contain the follow- Mortar, and Concrete, ASTM Journal of Materials, Vol. 7 , No. 3, pp. 330–335,
ing statement in letter size no smaller than the directions for 1972.
4
use: Clear, K. C., and Harrigan, E. T., “Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ion in

with steel reinforcement.

iTeh Standards
This material is not recommended for use in a moist environment in contact
Concrete,” Report No. FHWA-RD77-85, Federal Highway Administration,
Washington, DC, August 1977 (Available as PB 275–428/AS National Technical
Information Services).

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TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsA

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3h 1 day 7 days 28 days
Compressive Strength, min, MPa [psi]
B
R1 concrete or mortar 3.5 [500] 14 [2000] 28 [4000]
B
R2 concrete or mortar 7.0 [1000] 21 [3000] 28 [4000]
B
R3 concrete or mortar 21 [3000] 35 [5000] 35 [5000]
Bond strength, min, MPa [psi] ASTM C928/C928M-20a
R1, R2, and R3 concrete or mortar — 7 [1000] 10 [1500] —
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Length change, based on length at 3 h, max, %
allowable increase after 28 days in water +0.15
R1, R2, and R3 concrete or mortar
allowable decrease after 28 days in air –0.15

Consistency of concrete or mortarC concrete slump, Flow of mortar,

min, mm [in.] min, %
R1 consistency after 15 min after addition of mixing liquid 75 [3] 100
R2 and R3 consistency at 5 min after addition of mixing liquid 75 [3] 100

Scaling resistance to deicing chemicals after 25 cycles of freezing and thawing

Concrete, max visual rating 2.5
Mortar, max scaled materialD 5 kg/m2 [1 lb/ft2]
A
It is recognized that other characteristics of rapid-hardening concrete repair materials might need consideration. Such characteristics might be necessary in some
environments and applications; however, to impose specification limits on all products is considered beyond the scope of this specification. Optional considerations with
suggested methods of test may include tests for the following:
Time of setting Test Method C403/C403M
Flexural strength Test Method C78
Freeze thaw Test Method C666/C666M, Procedure A
Sulfate expansion Test Method C1012
B
The strength at 28 days shall be not less than the strength at 7 days.
C
Slump or flow requirements are waived for materials intended for vertical or overhead applications.
D
A 250-mm [10-in.] square spalled to an average depth of 3 mm [1⁄8 in.] for 100 % of its surface would have about 10 kg/m2 [2.0 lb/ft2] of scaled material.

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 C928/C928M − 20a
7. Sampling material can be mixed and applied at temperatures that lie
7.1 A lot is the quantity of packaged repair material nor- beyond the range of 20 6 8 °C [70 6 15 °F], the product must
mally placed on a pallet. In general, this quantity will weigh meet the requirements of Table 1. Specimens must be made
from 900 to 1800 kg [2000 to 4000 lb]. and cured in accordance with the procedures of this section.
The mixing, molding and curing temperatures during the first 3
7.2 A unit sample is a single package of material randomly h after molding shall be within 61 °C [62 °F] of the extreme
selected from the lot. temperature(s) stated by the manufacturer in the package
markings.
8. Specimen Preparation
8.1 Concrete—Mechanically mix the packaged dry concrete 9. Test Methods
material with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of the 9.1 Manifestly Faulty Specimens—Treat manifestly faulty
unhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens in specimens in accordance with the corresponding section in
accordance with Practice C192/C192M or modifications as Specification C494/C494M.
outlined herein. 9.2 Compressive Strength—Prepare and test three test speci-
8.1.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall be any mens for each age of test and each level of mixing temperature.
combination of whole packages yielding not less than 20 L [2⁄3 Test in accordance with Test Method C39/C39M for concrete
ft3] of hardened material. and Test Method C109/C109M for mortar.
8.1.2 Base the quantity of water, other liquid component, or
both added to the sample on the quantity per bag stated in the 9.3 Length Change—Prepare and test three specimens (set)
directions for use. in accordance with Test Method C157/C157M, except as
8.1.3 Place the sample in the mixing machine and add the modified by this section and 8.3. The molds for casting test
required amount of liquid. Start mixing immediately. Continue specimens and the length comparator shall comply with the
mixing for the length of time indicated in the directions for use. requirements of Practice C490/C490M.
8.1.4 When making the slump test in accordance with Test 9.3.1 Preparation of Specimen Molds and Material
Method C143/C143M, schedule work so the test will be Conditioning—The temperature of the mixing water and the

iTeh Standards
completed in 5 6 1⁄2 min after the mixing liquid is added to the
R2 or R3 materials or 15 6 1⁄2 min after mixing the liquid with
materials used to prepare the test specimens shall be 23 6 2.0
°C [73.5 6 3.5 °F] except as modified by 8.3. The air

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the R1 materials. temperature of the mixing room, molds and base plates shall be
8.1.5 Mold the required number of specimens using addi- maintained at 23 6 2.0 °C [73.5 6 3.5 °F] and at a relative
tional samples as may be necessary, mixed in accordance with humidity of not less than 50 % except if modified by 8.3.
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8.1.1 – 8.1.4. Do not use the mixtures for molding test
specimens when the slump is less than that specified in Table
Prepare the specimen molds in accordance with the require-
ments of Practice C490/C490M. Mold dimensions shall be at
1. least three times the nominal aggregate size. The test specimen
for mortar shall be a prism of 25-mm [1-in.] square cross-
NOTE 1—Where the nominal maximum particle sizeASTM C928/C928M-20a
is not greater than section and approximately 285-mm [111⁄4-in.] in length. The
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25 mm [1 in.], the use of cylindrical molds 100 mm [4 in.] in diameter by
test specimen for concrete, which all the aggregate passes a
200 mm [8 in.] in length is suggested.
50-mm [2-in.] sieve, shall be a prism of 100-mm [4-in.] square
8.2 Mortar—Mechanically mix packaged dry mortar mate- cross-section and approximately 285-mm [111⁄4-in.] long.
rial with mixing liquid. Determine the properties of the However, a prism of 75-mm [3-in.] square cross-section shall
unhardened mixture, and mold and cure the specimens in be used if all the aggregate passes a 25-mm [1-in.] sieve and a
accordance with Test Method C109/C109M or modifications as 50-mm [2-in.] square cross-section shall be used if all aggre-
outlined herein. gates passes a 13-mm [1⁄2-in.] sieve.
8.2.1 The sample of packaged dry material shall weigh 3000 9.3.2 Initial Curing and Demolding of Test Specimens—
6 3 g [6.6 6 0.005 lb] and shall be representatively obtained Cure the test specimens in the molds at 23 6 2.0 °C [73.5 6
from a whole package in accordance with Practice C702. 3.5 °F] and not less than 50 % relative humidity except if
8.2.2 Base the quantity of water, or other liquid component, modified by 8.3. Remove specimens from the molds at an age
or both added during mixing on the quantity per unit of weight of 23⁄4 to 3 h after the addition of mixing liquid to the dry
stated in the directions for use. cementitious mixture during the mixing operation.
8.2.3 When making the flow test in accordance with the 9.3.3 Make the initial comparator measurement reading of
section on consistency in Test Method C109/C109M, schedule length at 3 to 31⁄4 h after the addition of mixing liquid to the dry
work so the test will be completed in 5 6 1⁄2 min after the start cementitious mixture during the mixing operation. If speci-
of mixing liquid with the R2 or R3 materials or 15 6 1⁄2 min mens are cured at temperatures other than 23 6 2.0 °C [73.5 6
after mixing the liquid with the R1 materials. 3.5 °F], then both initial and final length measurements shall be
8.2.4 Mold the required number of specimens using addi- made with the bars conditioned to 62.0 °C [63.5 °F] of initial
tional samples as necessary mixed in accordance with 8.2.1 – temperatures.
8.2.3. Do not use the mixtures for molding test specimens 9.3.4 Curing of Test Specimens—After making the initial
when the flow is less than that specified in Table 1. comparator reading, immediately store one set of specimens as
8.3 In those cases where the manufacturer has indicated in for “Air Storage” and one set as for “Water Storage” within 10
the package markings, or elsewhere, that the packaged repair min of reading.

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 C928/C928M − 20a
9.3.4.1 Air Storage—Store the specimens in a dry room so available rapid hardening cement blended with three parts
that the specimens have a clearance of at least 25 mm [1 in.] on standard graded sand complying with Specification C778. The
all sides and the room is maintained at a relative humidity of 50 precision values were calculated for both “water storage” and
6 4 % and a temperature of 23 6 2.0 °C [73.5 6 3.5 °F] “air storage” of test specimens. A test result is defined in this
except if modified by 8.3. specification as the average of three separate measurements
9.3.4.2 Water Storage—Water-stored specimens shall be (triplicate lengthchange specimens).
completely submerged in untreated tap water with no more 11.1.2 The single-operator standard deviation for water
than one set of specimens per container at a temperature of 23 storage of test specimens has been found to be 0.0031 %.6
6 2.0 °C [73.5 6 3.5 °F] except if modified by 8.3. Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same
9.3.5 Final Comparator Reading—Measure the length at an operator on the same material are not expected to differ by
age of 28 days 6 20 h. For specimens stored in water, remove more than 0.009 %.6 The single-operator standard deviation for
the specimens from water storage one at a time, remove surface air storage of test specimens has been found to be 0.0067 %.6
moisture and take the comparator reading within 15 s of Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same
removing from water. Determine the average percent change in operator on the same material are not expected to differ by
length of specimens. more than 0.019 %.6
9.4 Scaling Resistance—Make and cure the test specimens 11.1.3 The multi-laboratory standard deviation for water
in accordance with Test Method C672/C672M, except as storage of test specimens has been found to be 0.0078 %.6
provided herein. For specimens of mortar omit the visual rating Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests from two
procedure after every 5 cycles and after 25 cycles determine different laboratories on the same material are not expected to
the amount of scaling as the oven dry 110 6 5 °C [230 6 9 °F] differ by more than 0.022 %.6 The multilaboratory standard
mass per unit area of exposed test area. deviation for air storage of test specimens has been found to be
0.015 %.6 Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests
9.5 Slant Shear Bond Strength—Prepare six complete test from two different laboratories on the same material are not
specimens in accordance with Test Method C882 for Type II expected to differ by more than 0.041 %.6
and V systems except as modified by this section. 11.1.4 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material
iTeh Standards
9.5.1 Do not apply a bonding system to prepared surface
unless a bonding system is required by the manufacturer of the
suitable for determining any bias that might be associated with
this test method, no statement on bias is being made.
rapid-hardening cementitious material. Fill the top half of the
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cylinder with the rapid-hardening cementitious material instead
of the portland cement mortar specified.
12. Rejection

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12.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that fails
9.5.2 Test three specimens in compression at 1 day and three
to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection
at 7 days. Calculate the bond strength on the elliptical area and
report the failure type. shall be reported to the producer or supplier in writing.

10. Report ASTM C928/C928M-20a

13. Certification
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10.1 Report the following: 13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
10.1.1 Source and identification, including type, of material producer, supplier, or an independent testing laboratory shall
tested, furnish certification to the purchaser that the material has been
10.1.2 Details of any variations and options practiced by the tested in accordance with this specification and found to meet
tester that are recommended or allowed by the manufacturer or the requirements. When specified in the purchase order or
others, contract, a report of test results on samples taken from material
10.1.3 Compressive strength of material at 3 h, 1 day, 7 days shipped shall be furnished.
and 28 days,
10.1.4 Bond strength at 1 day and 7 days, 14. Product Marking
10.1.5 Percent length change at 28 days in water and in air, 14.1 Mark all packages to contain the following informa-
10.1.6 Percent flow in mortar at 5 or 15 min, tion:
10.1.7 Slump in concrete at 5 or 15 min, and 14.1.1 Specification designation.
10.1.8 Scaling resistance after 25 cycles. 14.1.2 R1 or R2 or R3 type.
14.1.3 Directions for use that shall include but are not
11. Precision and Bias limited to:
11.1 Length Change: 14.1.3.1 When a bonding agent is used in the test of bond
11.1.1 Precision—The precision of the length change test strength, the type and kind of adhesive recommended to bond
method described in section 9.3 is based on an interlaboratory fresh repair material to the concrete or mortar being repaired.
study that was conducted in 2007.5 Seven laboratories tested 14.1.3.2 The recommended amount of water, other liquid
one rapid-hardening material that consisted of commercially component, or both, to be mixed with the package contents.

5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
6
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C09-1035. Contact ASTM Customer These measurements represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits in
Service at [email protected]. accordance with Practice C670.