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Chapter-Web Designing

TERMS USED IN WEB DESINGING

A Computer network is an interconnection of autonomous computers designed for the purpose of


data exchange.
The computers in a network can be connected through wired or wireless connections.
Each computer in the network is called HOST. Internet acts as a source of information Providing all
the users’ requirements with the help of WEBPAGES and WEBSITES.

A Webpage is a web document consisting of text , pictures , images , audio/video clippings ,


Animated objects , full length movies., etc.

A Website is a collection of webpages.

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Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)
It is a simple text formatting language used to create hypertext documents. A hypertext document thus
created can be viewed in a web browser.HTML is not case sensitive
Advantages of HTML
 HTML can Integrate Easily with Other Languages
 HTML has many tag and attributes which can short your line of code.
 HTML also allows the utilization of templates, which makes designing a webpage easy.
 Html document browser interfaces are easy to build.
 It is easy to learn because it is very simple.
 HTML is increasingly used for data storage as like XML syntax.
Disadvantages :
It cannot produce dynamic output alone, since it’s a static language.
 Making the structure of HTML documents becomes tough to understand.

 Errors can be costly.

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 It is the time consuming as the time it consume to maintain on the colour scheme of a page and to
make lists, tables and forms.
 Required to write a lot of code for just creating a simple webpage.
 Security features offered by HTML are limited.

Some of the tools required for HTML document.


1. Text editor
2. Web browser
3. Graphics software
4. Web server

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STRUCTURE OF HTML DOCUMENT

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> SJPUC</TITLE> HEAD SECTION
</HEAD>

<BODY>
<H1> WEB DESIGNING </H1>
<H2> CLASS 2H-PCMC</H2> BODY SECTION

</BODY>
</HTML>

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BASIC TAGS OF HTML
• HTML : This element tells the browser that this elements defines the whole html document.
The element has a start tag <HTML> and an end tag </HTML>

• HEAD: This element identifies the first part of the HTML coded document which contains the
title. start tag<head> and end tag</head>

• TITLE: This element contains the document title and will be displayed on the title bar of the
browser window. The title tag should be inside the head tag.

• BODY: It is the second part of html document. This element contains the contents of the
document displayed within the text area of the browser window.

• HEADING TAG: html has 6 levels of headings that is H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6, Where h1 is the
largest and h6 is the smallest.
Example: <h1>computer science</h1>
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PARAGRAPH TAGS
Br – line break tag- <BR>
This element end a line. It contains only a opening tag and no end tag.

<P> : paragraph tag


This element starts a new paragraph. The closing tag is optional because the browser understands that
when they encounter a <p> tag the previous paragraph has ended.

TEXT FORMATTING TAGS


• BIG: to display the text slightly bigger than the normal font
<big>……………………….</big>
• SMALL: to display the text slightly smaller than the normal font
<small>……………………….<small>
• FONT: this tag is used to specify the font style, color and size of the text Eg: <font face =“Ariel
bold” size=“7” color=“red”> computer science</font>
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• BOLD: this tag is used to display the data in a thicker and darker manner.
it is represented as <B> ………………..</B>
• ITALICS: this tag is used to display the data in italics
it is represented as <i>………………………………….</i>
• UNDERLINE: this tag is used to display the data with an underline below it it is represented as
<u>………………………………….</u>
• CENTER – this tag is used to display the data in the center of the line it is represented as
<center>………………………………….</center>
• MARQUEE- this tag helps to make the text scroll from one end of the document to the other as
required
<marquee direction=“right”>……………………….</marquee>
• BACKGROUND COLOR (BGCOLOR)
this tag is used to change the background color.
eg: <body text=“blue” bgcolor=“yellow” >……….</body>

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• LINKING:
The anchor tag <a> is used in html to link one page with another.
<a href=“filename.html”> Personal</a>
<a href=“second.html”> Professional</a>
The second webpage is linked with first webpage with the help of <a> tag

• IMAGES
Syntax: <img src=“image name”>
Example: <img src=“xyz.bmp” height=“100” width=“50” align=“top”>
• Img stands for image
• Src stands for source.
• Only bmp, gif or jped format can be displayed on the webpage • Image name is the URL of the
image.
• If the image is in the hard disk then the complete path along with the file name should be included.
• Height and width attribute is used to stretch or shrink.
• The align attribute is used to specify the position of the image(top, bottom, left, right, center)
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TABLE
A table is a set of data organized in rows and columns.
<table> tag is used for creating a table.
<tr> …………. </tr> is used for creating a table row
<th> …………. </th> is used for creating table heading
<td> …………. </td> is used for creating table data

Table Attributes
BORDER -It sets the thickness for the table border
BORDERCOLOR -It sets a colour for the table border
ALIGN - It sets an alignment for the table
CELLPADDING -It is the distance between the cell and the content
CELLSPACING - it gives the spacing between the cells
COLSPAN -It creates a given number of columns for a cell
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ROWSPAN -It creates a given number of rows for a cell

FORM
A formatted document containing blank fields that users can fill in with data is a form
<form> ……….. </form> -> Creates a form

Some of the properties of FORM are :


1. <textarea> ………. </textarea> -It creates an area to input multiple lines of text
2. checkbox - Creates a check box control which can take multiple inputs
3. radio - Creates a radio button control which can take only one input
4. Dropdown -Creates a dropdown list with options
5. button -Creates a button control

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WEB HOSTING
It is a type of internet service that hosts websites for clients on the internet.

• Types of Web Hosting are :


1. Free hosting
2. Virtual or shared hosting
3. Dedicated hosting
4. Collocation hosting.

• Free Hosting – means the websites are hosted on the internet without any charges. Generally
experimental sites are hosted freely.
• Virtual or Shared hosting – means many websites are hosted on a single web server connected
to the internet.
• Dedicated hosting – means a client leases an entire server for the purpose of hosting a website.
• Colocation hosting – the clients own the servers for hosting and also claim full authority for
software and hardware.
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XML – eXtended Markup Language
 It is a markup language used for documents with structured information.
 It is a text based markup language.
 XML tags identify the data than its format
 The XML tags can be nested
 The XML documents are well formed (every tag has a closing tag)
DHTML -Dynamic Hyper Text Markup language
 It refers to the web content that changes every time it is viewed.
 It provides an object oriented view of the web page.
 Supports cascading style sheets
 Provides dynamic fonts
 DHTML allows web documents look and act like desktop applications.

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WEB SCRIPTING
• It is the process of creating and embedding scripts in a webpage. Some of the scripting languages
are : JavaScript, PHP, PERL, JSP etc.
• Types of scripts
– Client side scripts
enables interaction within a webpage.
It is executed at the client end
It is browser dependant
It is used to interact with the user – to get inputs
- Server side scripts
enables completion of the task at the server
It is executed at the server end
The server performs the task and hence it is not browser dependant
Ex language : PHP – Hypertext Pre Processor
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