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Constitutional Amendments - 12th Standard

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43 views11 pages

Constitutional Amendments - 12th Standard

Uploaded by

ranjith
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Constitutional amendments – 12th standard

Added ninth schedule to protect the land reform –

Empowered the state to make special provisions for the advancement


of social and economically backward classes –

Readjusted the scale of representation in the Lok Sabha –

Made the scale of compensation given in lieu of compulsory


accusation of private property –

State organisation –

Abolition of zamindari –

Facilitated the cession of Indian territory of barabari union in West


Bengal to Pakistan as provided in the Indo Pakistan agreement –

Incorporated Dadra and Nagar Haveli In the Indian Union –

Change the procedures of election of the vice president, election of


the President or vice president cannot be challenged–

Incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu in the Indian union –

State status to Nagaland –

Incorporated Puducherry in the Indian union –

Prohibited the accusation of land under personal cultivation –

The power of Parliament to form a new state –

Abolished system of election tribunals –


Included Sindhi as the 15th language in the eighth schedule –

Affirmed the power of Parliament to amend any part of the


constitution including fundamental rights –

Made it compulsory for the President to give his assent to a


constitutional amendment bill –

Curtailed the fundamental right to property –

Any law made to give effect to the directive principles contained in


article 39 ((B) or ((C) cannot be challenged on the ground of violation
of the rights guaranteed by article articles 14, 19, 31 –

Abolished to the privy purses and privileges of the former rulers of


princely states –

Increased the number of Lok Sabha seats from 525 to 545 – –

Provided that the resignation of the members of Parliament and the


state legislature may be accepted by the speaker or chairman only if
he is satisfied that the resignation is voluntary or genuine –

Terminated the protectorate status of Sikkim and conferred on it the


status of an associate state of the Indian union –

The 10th schedule was added laying down the terms and conditions
of association of Sikkim with the Indian union –

Made Sikkim a full fledged state of the Indian Union and vomited the
10th schedule –

Empower the President to declare different proclamation of national


emergency –
Placed The disputes relating to the President, vice president, Prime
Minister and speaker beyond the scope of the judiciary –

Mini constitution –

This act was enacted to give effect to the recommendation of Swaran


Singh committee –

Add three new words – socialist, secular, integrity in the preamble –

Added fundamental duties by the citizens (new part 4A)--

Add three new directive principles – equal justice and free legal aid,
participation of workers in the management of industries –

Shifted five subjects from the state list to concurrent list that is
education, Forest, protection of wild animals and birds, weights and
measures and administration of justice, constitution and organisation
of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Court –

Empower the Centre to deploy its armed forces in any state to deal
with a grave situation of law and order –

Restored the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Court in
respect of judicial review and issue of writs—

Empowered the President to send back once the advice of cabinet of


reconsideration –

Replaced the term internal disturbance by armed rebellion in respect


of national emergency –

Made the President declare a national emergency only on the return


recommendation of the cabinet –
Deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights and
made it only a legal right–

Empowered the Parliament to restrict the fundamental rights of


persons employed intelligence organisations and telecommunication
systems set up for the armed forces or intelligence organisation –

Anti-defection law –

Added a new 10th schedule containing the details about anti-


defection law –

Provided for authoritative text of the constitution in Hindi language


and gave the same legal sanctity to the Hindi version of the
Constitution –

Reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years for the Lok Sabha
under state legislative assembly elections –

Provided for the establishment of a multimember national


commission for SC and ST in the place of a special officer for SC and
ST –

Accorded a special status to the union territory of Delhi by designing


it as the national capital territory of Delhi –

Included Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali languages in the eighth schedule,


with this the total number of scheduled languages increased to 18 –

Granted constitutional status and protection to the Panchayati Raj


institutions. For this purpose the amendment has added a new part 9
entitled as the panchayat and a new 11th schedule containing 29
functional items of the panchayat –
Granted constitutional status and protection to the urban local
bodies. For this purpose the amendment has added a new part 9A
entitled as the municipalities and a new 12th schedule containing 18
functional items of the municipalities –

Provided for reservation in promotions in government jobs for SC and


ST –

Provider for an alternative scheme of devolution of revenue between


the Centre and state –

Empowered the state to consider the unfilled reserved vacancies of a


year as separate class of vacancies to the fill up in any succeeding
year or years –

Provided for making of any provision in favour of the SC and ST for


relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the
standards of evaluation, for reservation in matters of promotion to the
public services of the centre and the states –

Extended the ban on re-adjustment of seats in the Lok Sabha under


the state legislative assemblies for another 25 years –

Provided for consequential seniority in the case of promotion under


the rule of reservation for the government servants belonging to the
SC and ST with retrospective effect from June 1995 –

Made elementary education a fundamental right –

The newly added article 21A declares that the state shall provide a
free and compulsory education to all children of the age of 6 to 14
years –

Changed the subject matter of article 45 in directive principles –


Added a new fundamental duty under article 51A which reads – it
shall be the duty of every citizen of India who is a parent or guardian
to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between
the age of 6 and 14 years –

Bifurcated the erstwhile combined national commission for scheduled


castes and scheduled Tribes into two separate bodies, namely,
national commission for scheduled castes ((article 338) and national
commission for scheduled Tribes ((article 338A), the President
appoints them–

The total number of ministers, including the Prime Minister in the


central Council of Minister shall not exceed 15% of the total strength
of Lok Sabha
(article 75 ((1A)--

The total number of ministers including the chief minister in the


council of ministers in a state shall not exceed 15% of the total
strength of the legislative assembly of the state. However the number
of ministers including the chief minister in state state shall not be less
than 12
((article 164(1A))--

Included four more languages in the eighth schedule, they are Bodo,
Dongri, Maithili, santhali .with this the total number of recognised
languages increased to 22 –

Empowered the state to make special provisions for the socially and
educationally backward classes or the scheduled caste or schedule
Tribes in educational institutions including private educational
institutions –

This amendment was enacted to modify the Supreme Court


judgement in the Inamdar case 2005, where the apex court ruled that
the state cannot impose its reservation policy on minority and non-
minority unaided private colleges, including professional colleges –

Substituted Odia for Oriya in the eighth schedule–

Give constitutional status and protection to cooperative societies. It


made the right to form a cooperative society is a fundamental right
((article 19). It included a new directive principle of state policy on the
promotion of cooperative societies ((article 43B). It had a new part 9B
in the Constitution which is entitled as the cooperative societies
((article 243 ZH to 243 ZT)---

It provided for the establishment of national judicial commission –

This amendment is the land boundary agreement between India and


Bangladesh –

Goods and service tax GST –

Constitutional status to national commission of backward classes –

10% reservation for economically weaker section –

extended the time limit for terminating SC and ST seats in the


House of Commons and State Legislatures from 70 to 80 years. It
removed the seats reserved for the Anglo-Indian community in
the Lok Sabha and the State Legislatures–

restores the power of State Governments and Union Territories


to identify the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes
(SEBCs). The Constitution 105th amendment act Amended
Articles 338B, 342A, and 366 of the constitution–
This amendment is known as women’s reservation Bill.It seeks to
provide 33% reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and State
Assemblies–

Oldest courts in India? Allahabad, Bombay, Kolkata High Court – 1861


Which is the High Court for Port Blair? Calcutta High Court

Which is the High Court for Aizawl , Itanagar, Kohima?


Gauhati High Court

Karnataka High Court benches – Dharwad, Kalburgi

Madhya Pradesh High Court benches – Gwalior, Indore

Madras High Court benches – Madurai

Rajasthan High Court benches Jaipur

Bombay High Court jurisdiction? Maharashtra, Goa, Daman and Diu,


Dadra and Nagar Haveli

Kolkata High Court jurisdiction?


West Bengal, Andaman Nicobar Island

Gauhati High Court jurisdiction? Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland,


Assam, Mizoram

Hyderabad High Court jurisdiction? Andhra Pradesh, Telangana

Kerala High Court jurisdiction?


Kerala , Lakshadweep

Madras High Court jurisdiction?


Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry

Punjab and Haryana High Court jurisdiction?


Punjab, Haryana

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