Class 12th Physics Set 2
Class 12th Physics Set 2
in
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MCQ -
Assertion & Picture Multiple Choice Subjective
Chapter Name - Reason Based Question Question Total
1 (3)
1 (3)
PHYSICS
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D
contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of
question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to
Section A
1. A p-n junction diode is connected to a battery of emf 5.5 V and external resistance 5.1 kΩ . The barrier potential [1]
in the diode is 0.4 V. The current in the circuit is:
a) 1 mA b) 1.08 mA
c) 0.08 mA d) 1 A
2. Wheatstone Bridge is not suitable for measurement of [1]
a) medium value resistances b) both very high value resistances and very
low value resistances
3
)
a) 9 cm b) 3 cm
a) b) (n - 1)R0
R0
c) nR0 d) (n + 1)R0
7. Two identical circular coaxial coils A and B, arranged in vertical planes parallel to each other, carry currents in [1]
the same direction. If the distance between the coils is decreased at a constant rate, the current:
2
r
9. In Young's double-slit experiment, the fringe width is found to be 0.4 mm. If the whole apparatus is immersed in [1]
water of refractive index 4
3
without disturbing the geometrical arrangement, the new fringe width will be
c) 0.3 mm d) 0.4 mm
10. A drop of radius one micron carries a charge of 4 electrons. If the density of oil is 2g/cc, the electric field [1]
required to balance it is
a) 5
10
A b) 5
50
A
c) 5
20
A d) 5
40
A
c) focal length of objective and color of light. d) focal length of eyepiece and color of light.
13. Assertion (A): If the frequency of the incident light on a metal surface is doubled, the kinetic energy of emitted [1]
electrons is more than doubled.
Reason (R): The metal will provide additional energy to the emitted photoelectron for light of higher frequency
than that for lower frequency.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): To observe diffraction of light, the size of the obstacle/aperture should be of the order of 10-7 m. [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
Section B
17. In which situation is there a displacement current, but no conduction current? [2]
18. From a molecular viewpoint, discuss the temperature dependence of susceptibility for diamagnetism, [2]
paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism.
19. Explain the formation of potential barrier and depletion region in a p-n junction diode. What is effect of applying [2]
forward bias on the width of depletion region?
20. Draw the energy level diagram showing the line spectra corresponding to Paschen series occur due to transition [2]
between energy levels.
normal to the plane of the paper. The tracks of the particles are labelled in Fig. Relate the tracks to the four
particles.
OR
Derive an expression for the torque on a rectangular coil of area A, carrying a current I and placed in a magnetic field
B. The angle between the direction of B and vector perpendicular to the plane of the coil is 0. Indicate the direction
of the torque acting on the loop.
Section C
22. Derive an expression for the current density of a conductor in terms of the drift speed of electrons. [3]
23. a. The resistance of a p-n junction is low when it is forward biased and is high when it is reversed biased. [3]
b. Doping of intrinsic semiconductors is a necessity for making electronic devices.
c. Photodiodes are operated in reverse bias.
24. The extent of localisation of a particle is determined roughly by its de Broglie wavelength. If an electron is [3]
localized within the nucleus (of size about 10-14 m) of an atom, what is its energy? Compare this energy with the
typical binding energies (of the order of a few MeV) in a nucleus, and hence argue why electrons cannot reside
in a nucleus.
25. In a fission event of 238
92
U by fast moving neutrons, no neutrons are emitted and final products, after the beta [3]
decay of the primary fragments, are 140
58
Ce and 99
44
Ru . Calculate Q for this process. Neglect the masses of
electrons/positrons emitted during the intermediate steps.
Given:
m(
238
92
U) = 238.05079 u; m ( 140
58
Ce) = 139.90543 u
m(
99
44
Ru) = 98.90594 u; m ( 1
0
n) = 1.008665 u
26. The spectrum of a star in the visible and the ultraviolet region was observed and the wavelength of some of the [3]
lines that could be identified were found to be:
o o o o o o
Which of these lines cannot belong to hydrogen atom spectrum 1 (Given Rydberg's constant R = 1.03 × 107m-1
o
and 1
R
= 970A . Support your answer with suitable calculations.
27. Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface. What are the wavelength, [3]
frequency and speed of (a) reflected, and (b) refracted light? Refractive index of water is 1.33.
28. a. Define mutual inductance and write its S.I. unit. [3]
b. A square loop of side a carrying a current I2 is kept at distance x from an infinitely long straight wire
carrying a current I1 as shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for the resultant force acting on the loop.
is increasing at the same constant rate and the power supplied to the two coil is the same.
Find the ratio of :
a. induced voltage
b. current and
c. energy stored in the two coils at that instant?
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
A stationary charge produces only an electrostatic field while a charge in uniform motion produces a magnetic
field, that does not change with time. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating charge. It produces an
oscillating magnetic field, which in turn produces an oscillating electric fields and so on. The oscillating electric
and magnetic fields regenerate each other as a wave which propagates through space.
(b) The electric field component of a monochromatic radiation is given by E⃗ = 2E0^i cos kz cos ωt. Its
a) 0.089 μ T b) 0.124 μ T
c) 0.021 μ T d) 0.095 μ T
OR
A plane electromagnetic wave travels in free space along x-axis. At a particular point in space, the electric
field along y-axis is 9.3 V m-1. The magnetic induction (B) along z-axis is
(d) A plane electromagnetic wave travelling along the x-direction has a wavelength of 3 mm. The variation in
the electric field occurs in the y-direction with an amplitude 66 V m-1. The equations for the electric and
magnetic fields as a function of x and t are respectively
a) E y = 11 cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x
c
) , b) Ey = 66 cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x
c
) ,
−7 11 x −7 11 x
By = 11 × 10 cos 2π × 10 (t − ) Bz = 2.2 × 10 cos 2π × 10 (t − )
c c
c) E x = 33 cos π × 10
11
(t −
x
c
) , d) Ey = 33 cos π × 10
11
(t −
x
c
) ,
−7 11 x −7 11 x
Bx = 11 × 10 cos π × 10 (t − ) Bz = 1.1 × 10 cos π × 10 (t − )
c c
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and opposite forces,
which cancel each other and hence net force on electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero. However these
forces are not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on the dipole. Since net force on electric dipole in
uniform electric field is zero. so no work is done in moving the electric dipole in uniform electric field. However
some work is done in rotating the dipole against the torque acting on it.
(a) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field E⃗ is P ⃗. Then the torque τ ⃗ acting on the dipole
is
a) τ ⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
2( P + E ) b) ⃗
τ⃗ = P ⋅E
⃗
c) τ ⃗ = ⃗ ⃗
(P + E ) d) ⃗
τ⃗ = P × E
⃗
(b) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0 μ C separated by a distance of
2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 105 NC-1. The maximum torque on the dipole is
a) 4 × 10-3 Nm b) 2 × 10-3 Nm
a) 0o b) 90o
(d) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net force F and torque τ on the
dipole are
a) F = 0, τ = 0 b) F ≠ 0, τ ≠ 0
c) F ≠ 0, τ = 0 d) F = 0, τ ≠ 0
OR
An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The dipole acquires a position
potential energy of the dipole to be zero when θ = 90o, the torque and the potential energy of the dipole
will respectively be
ii. When this inductor is used in series with a capacitor of unknown value and a resistor of 10Ω at 300 s-1,
maximum power dissipation occurs in the circuit. Calculate the capacitance of the capacitor.
= 0.001 A = 1 mA
2.
(b) both very high value resistances and very low value resistances
Explanation: Wheatstone bridge is suitable for measurement of medium value resistances because to ensure sensitivity, other
resistors must be of comparable values.
3.
(b) 3 cm
Explanation: Apparent depth = (Real depth) / (refractive index)
Now, Height raised = real depth - apparent depth
apparent depth
= real depth(1 - real depth
)
= real depth(1 - 1
= d(1 − 1
μ
) = 12 (1 −
1
4
) = 12 (1 −
3
4
) =
12
4
= 3cm
4.
(d) magnitude of magnetisation
Explanation: magnitude of magnetisation
5. (a) decreases by a factor of 2
Explanation:
Initial energy, U i =
1
2
CV
2
After connection,
q +q q+0 q V
1 2
VC = = = =
C1 + C2 C+C 2C 2
Final energy,
2 2
1 V 1 V 1 2
Uf = C( ) + C( ) = CV
2 2 2 2 4
Loss of energy = U i − Uf =
1
4
CV
2
6.
(b) (n - 1)R0
Explanation: For a range V, the current flowing is I, and V = IR0
If a resistance R is connected in series, the range of the voltmeter increases to nV.
V
nV = I (R0 + R) = (R0 + R)
R0
7.
(d) decreases in both A and B.
Explanation: decreases in both A and B.
8.
(b) potential is zero at all points on the right bisector
Explanation: The magnetic potential at any point is the amount of work done in bringing a unit north pole from infinity to that
point. At any point on the right bisector, the potentials due to the two poles are equal and opposite.
9.
(c) 0.3 mm
β
Explanation: β ′
=
μ
=
0.4 mm
4
= 0.3 mm
3
10.
(b) 12.83 ×10 V/m 4
Explanation: Fe = mg
3
× π × r3 × g
Given, d = 2g/cc = 2000 kg/m3; r = 10-6 m
Thus, 4 × 1.6 × 10-19 × E = 2000 × 4
3
× 3.14 × 10-18 × 9.8
E = (2000 × 4
3
× 3.14 × 10-18 × 9.8) / (4 × 1.6 × 10-19) = 12.83 × 104 V/m
11.
(b) 5
50
A
Explanation: Diode D1 does not conduct as it is reverse biased. D2 conducts as it is forward biased.
I= 30+20
5
=
5
50
A
f f
o e
So, magnifying power of a microscope depends on focal length of eyepiece and objective only.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Yes, because the metal will provide additional energy to the emitted photoelectron for light of higher frequency
than that for lower frequency.
14.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation: Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Diffraction is prominent when the size of the obstacle or the aperture is comparable to the wavelength of light used.
16. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Section B
17. During charging or discharging there is a displacement current but no conduction current between plates of capacitor.
18. The direction of external magnetic field H and magnetism M due to the orbital motion of electrons of diamagnetic substance are
opposite so net magnetism becomes zero. Hence, the susceptibility (χ ) of diamagnetism is not much affected by temperature.
The direction of magnetism due to the orbital motion of electrons in paramagnetism and ferromagnetism material and externally
applied field are in the same direction so net magnetism increased and much affected by temperature. As temperature raised the
alignment of atomic magnetism is disturbed resulting in a decrease in susceptibility.
19. Formation of depletion region: In the p-type semiconductor, holes are the majority carrier and in the n-type semiconductor,
electrons are the majority carrier.
When a p-n junction is formed, some of the electrons from the n-region which have reached the conduction band are free to
diffuse across the junction and combine with holes.
Applying forward bias, the depletion region reduces and again electrons can diffuse.
20.
Paschen Series (infrared): In this series the transition occur from n > 3 to the second orbit that is n = 3. This represents the
Paschen Series of the Hydrogen atom. It is mainly observed in the Infrared region of the EM wave.
1λ = R( − )1
2
1
3 n2
Where n = 4, 5, 6
21. i. For a neutron, q = 0, so F = qvB sinθ = 0. That is, a neutron goes undeflected through the magnetic field. So the track C
corresponds to a neutron.
ii. According to Fleming's left hand rule, a negative charged particle such as an electron will be deflected towards right. So the
track D corresponds to an electron.
iii. According to Fleming's left hand rule, a positively charged particle such as an a-particle or a proton will be deflected towards
left. Its radius of curvature is given by
mv m
r =
qB
i,e.,r ∝ q
rα mα qp 4mp
e 2
= ⋅ = ⋅ =
rp mp qα mp 2e 1
or r = 2r i.e., r > r
α p α p
2 2
Since,
|FAB | = |FCD| = BIℓ
∴ = BIℓ × b sinθ
= BI (ℓ b) sinθ
= BI Asinθ [A = ℓ b = area of the rectangle]
Since magnetic moment m = I|A|
τ = mB sin θ
In vector from τ ⃗ = m⃗ × B⃗
Section C
22. Let potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length I and hence an electric field E produced inside the conductor.
V
∴ E =
l
....(i)
neAvd
Current density J = I
A
= A
∴ J = nevd , i.e. J ∝ vd
24. As the electron is localised within the nucleus (of size about 10-14 m) of an atom, so
λ = 10-14m
= 6.3 × 10-20 kg ms-1
−34
h 6.63×10
∴ p = =
λ −14
10
2
× c
2
= 231.09 Mev
26. The wavelengths of the spectral lines of hydrogen atom are given by the Rydberg formula,
1 1 1
= v̄ = R [ − ]
λ 2 2
n n
f i
o
o
1/R 970A
or λ = 1 1
= [∵
1
R
= 970 A]
− ⎤
2 2 2 1
n n n −
f i f 2
n ⎦
f
For Lyman series of hydrogen spectrum in the ultraviolet region, nf = 1. Putting ni = 2, 3 ,..., ∞ ; we get different lines as follows:
o o o o
o o o o
For Balmer series of hydrogen spectrum in the visible region, nf = 2. Putting n = 3, 4, 5, ......... ∞ : we get different lines as
follows:
˙ ˙ ^ ^
970A 970A 970A 970A
λ = , , ,⋯,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
[ − ] [ − ] [ − ] [ − ]
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 4 2 5 2 ∞0 2
o o o o
36 16 100 4
o o o o
On comparing the wavelengths given in the question with the above-determined wavelengths, we find that the following
14
= 5.09 × 10 Hz
Hence, the speed, frequency, and wavelength of the reflected light are 3 × 108 m/s, 5.09 × 1014 Hz, and 589 nm respectively.
b. Frequency of light does not depend on the property of the medium in which it is travelling. Hence, the frequency of the
refracted ray in water will be equal to the frequency of the incident or reflected light in air.
c
v =
μ
8
3×10 8
v = = 2.26 × 10 m/s
1.33
Hence the speed, frequency and wavelength of refracted light are 2.26 × 108 m/s, 5.09 × 1014 Hz and 444.01 nm
respectively.
28. a. Mutual inductance: It is the property of the coils that enables it to oppose the changes in the current in another coil. Its S.I
unit is Henry (H).
b. Force on the part of the loop which is parallel to infinite straight wire and at a distance x from it.
μ I1 I2 a
F1 = 2π
0
x
(away from the infinite straight wire)
Force on the part of the loop which is at a distance (x + a) from it
μ0 I1 I2 a
F2 = 2π
(towards the infinite straight wire)
(x+a)
Net force F = F1 - F2
μ I1 I2 a
F= 0
2π
[
1
x
−
x+a
1
]
2
μ I1 I2 a
F= 0
2π x(x+a)
OR
a. We know e = L dI
dt
e1 L1
Thus, e2
=
L2
=
8
2
= 4
b. We know, P = e I
P1 = P2
e1I1 = e2I2
I1 e2 1
∴ = =
I2 e1 4
c. We know,
1 2
U = LI
2
I1 e2
and I2
=
e1
1
L1 2 2
U1 2
I1 8 1 1
∴ = ( ) = ( ) =
U2 1 I2 2 4 4
L2
2
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A stationary charge produces only an electrostatic field while a charge in uniform motion produces a magnetic field, that does not
change with time. An oscillating charge is an example of accelerating charge. It produces an oscillating magnetic field, which in
turn produces an oscillating electric fields and so on. The oscillating electric and magnetic fields regenerate each other as a wave
B
or E = cB
The electric field component is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the direction of magnetic field.
Therefore, the electric field component along z-axis is obtained as E⃗ = cB0 sin (kx + ω t) k
^
V/m
2E0
(ii) (b) j sin kz sin ω t
^
c
Explanation: = −
dE
dz
dB
dt
dE dB
dz
= -2 E0k sin kz cos ω t = − dt
ω
sin kz sin ω t
E0 ω
= = c
B0 k
2E0 2E0
B= c
sin kz sin ω t ∴ B⃗ = c
sin kz sin ω t ^j
E is along y-direction and the wave propagates along x-axis.
∴ B should be in a direction perpendicular to both x-and y-axis.
c
= 8
3×10
OR
8
3×10
= 3.1 × 10-8 T
x x
(iv) (b) E y = 66 cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
c
) ,B z = 2.2 × 10
−7
cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
c
)
c
) ,
= 3 mm = 3 × 10-3 m, k =
2π
λ
λ
= c ⇒ ω = ck = 3 × 108 ×
ω 2π
−3
k 3×10
or ω = 2π × 1011
∴ Ey = 66 cos 2π × 1011(t − x
c
)
Ey
Bz = c
=( 66
8
) cos 2π × 10
11
(t −
x
c
)
3×10
c
)
(i) (d) τ ⃗ = P ⃗ × E⃗
Explanation: As τ = either force × perpendicular distance between the two forces
= qaE sin θ or τ = PE sin θ
or P ⃗ × E⃗ (∵ qa = P)
(ii) (b) 2 × 10-3 Nm
Explanation: The maximum torque on the dipole in an external field is given by
τ = pE = q(2a) × E
Here, q = 1μC = 10 −6
C , 2a = 2 cm = 2 × 10-2 m, E = 105 NC-1, τ = ?
∴ τ = 10 Nm
−6 −2 5 −3
× 2 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 10
1 1 1
∴ = −
v f u
Now for a concave mirror, f < 0 and for an object on the left u < 0.
2f<u<f
1 1 1
or 2f
>
u
>
f
or − 1
2f
< −
1
u
< −
1
or 1
f
−
2f
1
<
1
f
−
1
u
<
1
f
−
1
or 1
2f
<
1
v
< 0
This implies that v < 0 so that real image is formed on left. Also the above inequality implies that
2f>v
or |2 f| > |v| [∵ 2f and v are -ve]
i.e. real image is formed beyond 2f.
b. Now, for convex mirror, f > 0 and for an object of left, u < 0.
From mirror formula
1 1 1
= −
v f u
⇒
1
v
> 0 or v > 0
This shows that whatever be the value of u, a convex mirror form a virtual image on the right.
c. For convex mirror f > 0 and for an object on left u < 0, so from mirror formula,
1 1 1
v
=
f
−
u
[ ∵ v is +ve, u is -ve]
⇒
1
v
>
1
f
or v < f (∴ − 1
u
is a +ve quantity)
This shows that the image is located between the pole and the focus of the mirror. Also from the mirror formula,
1 > m ( ∵ u < 0)
Magnitude of magnification, m = v
< 1
|u|
or 1
f
−
1
u
> 0
or 1
v
> 0 or v > 0 (∴ 1
v
=
1
f
−
1
u
)
v
or v > |u|
1
|u|
∴ |m| =
v
|u|
> 1 i.e., Image is enlarged.
OR
i. There are two sets of apparatus of Young's double-slit experiment. In Set A: Stable interference pattern, the positions of
maxima and minima do not change with time.
In Set B: Positions of maxima and minima will change rapidly with time and an average uniform intensity distribution will be
observed on the screen.
ii. Expression for the intensity of stable interference pattern in set-A
If the displacement produced by slit S1 is given by
y1 = acos ω t
then, the displacement produced by S2 would be
y2 = acos (ω t + ϕ)
and the resultant displacement will be given by
y = y1 + y2
= a[cos ω t + cos (ω t + ϕ)]
ϕ ϕ
= 2acos ( )cos (ω t +
2 2
)
ϕ
The amplitude of the resultant displacement is 2acos ( ) and therefore the intensity at that point will be
2
4I0cos2( 2 )
ϕ
I=
ϕ =0
∴ I = 4l0
I = 2I0
32. i. In fig. (a) three capacitors of capacitances C1, C2, C3 are connected in series between points A and D.
In series first plate of each capacitor has charge +Q and second plate of each capacitor has charge -Q i.e., charge on each
capacitor is Q.
Let the potential differences across the capacitors C1, C2, C3 be V1, V2, V3 respectively. As the second plate of first capacitor
C1 and first plate of second capacitor C2 are connected together, their potentials are equal. Let this common potential be VB.
Q
For the second capacitor, V2 = VB - VC = C2
...(ii)
For the third capacitor, V3 = VC - VD = Q
...(iii)
C
3
C1
+
C2
1
+
1
C3
] ...(iv)
If V be the potential difference between A and D, then
VA - VD = V
∴ From (iv), we get
V = (V1 + V2 + V3) = Q [ 1
C1
+
1
C2
+
1
C3
] ...(v)
If in place of all the three capacitors, only one capacitor is placed between A and D such that on giving it charge Q, the
potential difference between its plates become V, then it will be called equivalent capacitor. If its capacitance is C, then
Q
V= ...(vi)
C
C
= Q[
1
C1
+
1
C2
+
1
C3
] or 1
C
=
1
C1
+
1
C2
+
1
C3
...(vii)
Thus in series arrangement, "The reciprocal of equivalent capacitance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the
individual capacitors."
ii. Parallel Arrangement: In fig. (c) three capacitors of capacitance C1, C2, C3 are connected in parallel.
In parallel the potential difference across each capacitor is same V (say). Clearly the potential difference between plates of
each capacitor
VA - VB = V (say)
The charge Q given to capacitors is divided on capacitors C1, C2, C3.
Let q1, q2, q3 be the charges on capacitors C1, C2, C3 respectively.
Then Q = q1 + q2 + q3 ...(I)
and q1 = C1V,q2 = C2V,q3 = C3V
Substituting these values in (i), we get
Q = C1V + C2V + C3V or Q = (C1 + C2 + C3)V ...(ii)
If, in place of all the three capacitors, only one capacitor of capacitance C be connected between A and B; such that on giving
it charge Q the potential difference between its plates be V, then it will be called equivalent capacitor. If C be the capacitance
of equivalent capacitor, then
Q = CV ...(iii)
Comparing equations (ii) and (iii), we get
CV = (C1 + C2 + C3)V or C = (C1 + C2 + C3)
Important Note: It may be noted carefully that the formula for the total capacitance in series and parallel combination of
capacitors is the reverse of corresponding formula for combination of resistors in current electricity.
OR
τ ⃗ = pE sin θ ⋅ n
^
work done dω = τ . dθ
= pE sin θdθ
θ2 θ2
w = ∫ dw pE ∫ sin θdθ
θ1 θ1
θ2
w = pE[− cos θ]
θ1
= pE [cos θ1 − cos θ2 ]
if θ1
= 0, θ2 = θ
w = pE (1 - cosθ)
Conditions-
For stable equilibrium - When electric dipole is parallel to electric field.
For unstable equilibrium - Anti Parallel to electric field.
b. No.
Inside equipotential surface
33. Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 × 10-3 H
Capacitance, C = 60 μF = 60 × 10-6 F
Supply voltage, V = 230 V
Frequency, ν = 50 Hz
Angular frequency, ω = 2πν = 100 π rad/s
– –
Peak voltage, V = V √2 = 230√2V
0
230√2
=
1
−3
(100π×80× 10 − )
−6
100π ×60×10
230√2
=
1000
= -11.63 A
(8π− )
6π
ωC
d. Average power consumed over a complete cycle by the source to the capacitor is zero as voltage lags current by π
2
.
e. The total power absorbed (averaged over one cycle) is zero.
OR
a. Power dissipation = P = Vrms Irms cos ϕ
cos ϕ = R
2πf
2π×100
= 0.032 H = 32 mH
ii. Power dissipation is maximum when
2π fL = 2πf C
1
f = 300 s-1
L = 0.032 H
2π fL = 2πf C
1
2π×300×C