Problem Sheet 12 – Thermodynamics

1. A heavy box having a mass 300 kg is moved along the floor for a distance of 10 m. if coefficient of
friction  = 0.2, find the amount of heat produced in kcal. (Ans : 1.4 kcal)
2. A lead bullet of mass 20 gm moving with a velocity of 100 m/s comes to rest in a block of wood. Find the amount of
heat developed. (Ans. 23.8 cal)
3. How much height can a 60 kg man climb up by using energy from a slice of bread which produces 100000 cal?
Assume the efficiency of human body is 28% (Ans. 200 m)
4. What will be the difference in temperature between the top and bottom of a waterfall of height 500 m if all energy is
contained in water? (Ans. 1.17 ℃)
5. A drill of power 0.5 HP is used to bore a hole in the piece of iron of mass 0.15 kg. Assuming that 70% of the energy
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heats the iron, find the rise in temperature in 15 second.( Sp. Heat= 462 J kg K ) (Ans. 56.5 ℃)
6. Two lead balls of same masses moving towards each other with equal velocity of 1 m/s suffer a head on collision
and stick together. If the temperature of both the balls before collision be the same, find the increase in temperature of
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the combined mass (Given specific heat of lead is 126 J kg K ) (Ans : 0.004 ℃)
7. From what minimum height a piece of ice has to fall so that it melts completely on reaching the ground?( Assume
6
that 25% of the energy is lost) (Ans. 4.57 x 10 cm)
8. A glass tube 1 m long, closed at the ends, contains 25 gm of lead shots, the remainder of the tube being filled with
one litre of water. The tube is held vertically and then inverted, causing the shots to fall the entire length of the tube.
How many times the action is to be repeated to produce a rise in temperature of 1℃? Neglect the heat supplied to the
glass (given specific heat of lead=0.02) (Ans. 17151)
9. If 50 cal of heat is absorbed by a system while 200 J of work is done on the system. Find the change in internal
energy of the system. (Ans : increase by 410 J)
10. Some quantity of a monoatomic gas at 0 ℃ is compressed (i) slowly (ii) suddenly to 1/8th of its original volume.
Calculate the rise in temperature in each case. (Ans: (i) 0 ℃ (ii) 819 ℃ )
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11. For a gas the difference between two specific heats is 4150 J kg K . What is the specific heat of the gas at
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constant volume if the ratio of specific heats is 1.4? (Ans. 10375 J kg K )
12. If 2 moles of He is mixed with 1 mole of Oxygen. Find C, C and of the mixture. ( Ans : 11R/6, 17R/6 , 17/11)
13. For hydrogen cp-cv=a and for oxygen cp-cv=b where cp,cv refer to specific heats at constant pressure and at
constant volume per unit mass then
(a) a=b (b) a=16b (c) b=16a (d)a, b are not related [Ans. b]
14. Cp and Cv denote the molar specific heat capacities of a gas at constant pressure and constant volume, then
(a) Cp – Cv is larger for a diatomic gas than monoatomic gas
(b) Cp + Cv is larger for a diatomic gas than monoatomic gas
(c) Cp/Cv is larger for a diatomic gas than monoatomic gas
(d) Cp x Cv is larger for a diatomic gas than monoatomic gas [Ans. b,d]
15. If 70 calorie of heat is required to raise the temperature of 2 moles of an ideal gas (  = 1.4) at constant pressure
from 30 ℃ to 35 ℃, then the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the same gas through same
temperature range at constant volume. (Ans. 50 cal)
16. A gas is compressed adiabatically till its temperature is doubled. The ratio of its final volume to initial volume is
1 1 1
(a) (b)  (c)  (d) between 1 and 2 [Ans. c]
2 2 2
17. An ideal gas is compressed adiabatically to 8/27 times of its present volume at 27 ℃. Find the final temperature of
the gas. (  =5/3) (Ans. 402 ℃)
18. A sample of gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2 . The amount of work done by the gas is greatest when the
expansion is
(a) isothermal (b)isobaric (c)adiabatic (d)equal in all cases [Ans. b]
19. Write the value of specific heat of a gas during isothermal process and adiabatic process. ( Ans. Infinity , zero )
20. Initial pressure and volume of a gas are P and V respectively. First the gas is expanded isothermally to volume 4V
and then its volume is made again V by adiabatic process. Its final pressure is (  =1.5)
(a) 8P (b) 4P (c) P (d) 2P (Ans: d)
21. During adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of a gas, the internal energy of the gas is found to decrease by 2 joules.
Find the work done by the gas during this process? (Ans. 2J)
3 3 -2
22. A gas expands from a volume of 2 m to 6 m at constant pressure of 10 Nm and then at constant volume, the
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pressure is changed from 10 Nm to 20 Nm . Find the total work done by the gas? (Ans. 40 J)
22. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at constant pressure the fraction of the heat energy supplied which
increases the internal energy of the gas is
(a) 2/5 (b) 3/5 (c) 3/7 (d) 5/7 (Ans : d)
23. Pressure vs. volume plots for two gases during adiabatic processes is shown. Plots 1 and 2
should correspond to
(a) He, O2 (b) O2, He (c) He, Ar (d) O2, N2 [Ans. b]
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24. An ideal gas is taken from A  B  C  A as shown. if the net heat supplied to the
gas in the cycle is 5 J, the work done by the gas in the process C  A is ( V in m & P in
3
-2
Nm )
(a) -5 J (b) -10 J (c) -15 J (d) -20 J [Ans. a]
25. Two moles of helium gas undergoes a cyclic process as shown in the figure. Assuming
the gas to be ideal calculate (i) net change in heat energy (ii) net work done (iii) net change
in
internal energy (Ans: 1152J, 1152 J, 0)
26. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes the cyclic process.
Pressure at point A is P0. Choose the correct option ( Multiple
correct)
(a) internal energy at A and B are the same
(b) work done by the gas in A to B is P0V0ln4
(c)pressure at C is P0/4 (d) Temperature at C is T0/4 [Ans.
a,b,c,d]
27. Conversion of plots : Convert the following plots into P-V, P-T and V-T plots

1
28. A gas undergoes a process such that P  . If the molar specific heat capacity for this
T
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process is C=33.24 J mol K , find number of degrees of freedom of the gas.
(Ans : 4)
29. P- V diagram of n moles of an ideal gas is as shown in the figure. Find the maximum
temperature between A and B. Also convert this plot into temperature vs. volume plot.
9 P0V0
[Ans. ]
4nR
30. Three moles of an ideal monoatomic gas perform a cyclic process as shown in the
figure. T1 =400 K, T2=800 K, T3=2400 K, T4=1200 K. The work done by the gas during
the cycle will be
(a) 20 KJ (b) 30 KJ (c) 40 KJ (d) 80 KJ [Ans. a]

31. One mole of an ideal gas is taken as shown in the figure find
the net work done?
[Ans. RT0 ln 2]

32. Convert the P-V plot ( a  b is isothermal) into P-T plot and
V-T plot into P- V plot
33. A carnot engine operating between temperatures T1 and T2
has efficiency 1/6. When T2 is lowered by 62 K, its efficiency
increases to 1/3. Then find T1 and T2. [Ans. 372 K, 310 K]
st
34. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The 1
nd
one , A, receives heat at T1(=600 K) and rejects to a reservoir at temperature T2. The 2 engine receives heat
rejected by the first engine and in turn, rejects to a heat reservoir at T 3=( 400 K). Calculate the temperature T2 if the
work outputs of the two engines are equal. [Ans. 500 K]
35. An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas through the cycle ABCDA shown in
the figure. Find the thermal efficiency of the engine? ( Take Cv= 1.5 R)
[Ans. 0.15]
36. During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done on 2 moles of a diatomic ideal
gas to reduce its volume by 50%. The change in its temperature is nearly [R= 8.3
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Jmol K ]
(a) 40 K (b) 33 K (c) 20 K (d) 14 K [Ans. c]

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