DPS – MODERN INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA- QATAR

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE INORGANIC SALT

3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ +
CATIONS: Aℓ , Zn , Sr , Ba , Mg , NH4
2- 2- - - -
ANIONS: CO3 , SO4 , NO3 , Cℓ , CH3COO

Experiment Observation Inference

PRELIMINARY TESTS
2+ 3+ 2+
1. Note the colour of the salt. Colourless Presence of Pb , Aℓ , Zn ,
2+ 2+ 2+ +
Sr , Ba , Mg , NH4

2+ 2+
Coloured salt Presence of Cu ,Mn

2. Note the smell of the salt a) Vinegar smell Presence of acetate ion
b) Ammoniacal smell Presence of ammonium ion

c) No characteristic Absence of acetate and

observation. ammonium ion.
3. Flame test:-
Presence of Ca2+
A little of the salt is mixed with a) Brick red
Presence of Sr2+
a few drops of Con.HCl and a b)Crimson red
part of it is shown into the c)Pale green Presence of Ba2+
flame. d) Bright bluish green Presence of Cu2+

e)No characteristic Absence of Ca2+,Sr2+, Ba2+ &

colour Cu2+

4. Ash test:-To a little of the salt a)Blue ash Presence of Aℓ3+

add a fe drops of cobalt nitrate b)Green ash Presence of Zn2+
solution, mix well and dip a c)Pink ash Presence of Mg2+
piece of filter paper and burn it d)No colour Absenceof Aℓ3+,Zn2+& Mg2+
to ashes
 IDENTIFICATION OF
ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
2-
1. 1. Salt + dil. HCl a)Brisk effervescence Presence of carbonate (CO3 )
with the liberation of
Colourless, odourless
gas turns lime water
milky 2-
b)No characteristic Absence of carbonate (CO3 )
reaction

2. 2. Salt + Concentrated H2SO4 a) Colourless gas with a Presence of chloride (Cℓ-)

pungent smell and
gives dense white
fumes when a glass
rod dipped in
ammonium
hydroxide (NH4OH)
is shown at the
mouth of the test
tube.
-
b) Colourless vapours Presence of acetate (CH3COO
with the smell of
vinegar
Absence of Chloride and
c) No characteristic
acetate
reaction

3. 3. Salt + a) Brown fumes are Presence of nitrate

Concentrated H2SO4 and heat evolved
b) No characteristic Absence of nitrate.
and then add paper ball
reaction

4. 4. Aqueous solution of salt + a) A white ppt. Presence of sulphate

BaCℓ2 solution.

b) No characteristic Absence of sulphate

reaction
Confirmation test for
ANIONS

Confirmation test for

CARBONATE
To a little of the salt add CaCℓ2 White ppt Presence of carbonate is
solution confirmed.

Confirmation test for

CHLORIDE
Salt solution + dilute HNO3+ White ppt soluble in Presence of chloride is
AgNO3solution NH4OH confirmed

Confirmation test for

ACETATE
Take a small quantity of salt in a Smell like that of Presence of acetate is
watch glass. Mix it with oxalic vinegar confirmed
acid and add 3 drops of water.
Rub the paste and smell.

Confirmation test for

NITRATE
Brown ring test: Strong solution A brown ring is formed Presence of Nitrate is
of the substance + freshly at the junction of two confirmed
prepared FeSO4 solution. conc. liquids
H2SO4 is added along the sides
of the test tube.

Confirmation test for

SULPHATE
2-
Aqueous solution of salt + dilute A white ppt. insoluble Presence of Sulphate (SO4 ) is
HCℓ + BaCℓ2 solution. in dilute HCℓ is
confirmed.
obtained
 ANALYSIS OF BASIC RADICALS OR CATIONS

GROUP RADICALS GROUP REAGENTS

+
0 NH4 Na2CO3
I 2+
Pb ,Ag
+
Dilute Hydrochloric acid(HCℓ)
II 2+ 2+ 2+
Pb ,Hg ,Cu ,Cd
2+
Dilute HCℓ + H2S gas.
III 3+
Al ,Fe , Fe
2+ 3+
NH4Cℓ(s) + NH4OH
IV 2+ 2+
Zn ,Mn ,Co ,Ni
2+ 2+
NH4Cℓ(s) + NH4OH + H2S gas
V 2+
Ca ,Sr ,Ba
2+ 2+
NH4Cℓ(s) + NH4OH + (NH4) 2CO3
2+
VI Mg NH4Cl(s) + NH4OH + disodium hydrogen
phosphate

Preparation of Original solution (O.S): Make a solution of salt in water.

Experiment Observation Inference

Zero group
Original solution + Na2CO3 No ppt Presence of group zero (NH4+)
A ppt Absence of group zero (NH4+)
Group-1
Original solution + dil-HCl A ppt Presence of group I (Pb2+)
No ppt Absence of group zero (Pb2+)
Group-2
Original solution + dil-HCl + Black ppt Presence of group II (Cu2+)
pass H2S Yellow ppt Presence of group II (Cd2+)

No ppt Absence of group II

Group-3
Original solution + solid White ppt Presence of group III (Al3+)
NH4Cl + Excess NH4OH till it Reddish brown ppt Presence of group III (Fe3+)
smells ammonia
No ppt Absence of group III

Group-4
Original solution + solid Dirty white ppt Presence of group IV (Zn2+)
NH4Cl boil cool and add Flesh(buff)coloured ppt Presence of group IV (Mn2+)
Excess NH4OH + pass H2S No ppt
Absence of group IV

Group-5
Original solution + solid White ppt Presence of group V
NH4Cl boil cool and add (Ba2+,Ca2+ and Sr2+)
Excess NH4OH and add No ppt Absence of group V
ammonium carbonate solution

Group-6
Original solution + solid White ppt Presence of group VI (Mg2+)
NH4Cl boil cool and add
NH4OH and excess No ppt Absence of group VI (Mg2+)
ammonium phosphate or
disodium hydrogen phosphate
and scratch the sides.

Confirmation test for

AMMONIUM
+
To the O.S solution add Brown ppt NH4 is confirmed.
Nessler’s reagent.

Confirmation test for

ALUMINIUM 3+
To the O.S add NaOH solution White gelatinous ppt Aℓ is confirmed.

Confirmation test for ZINC 2+

Original solution + NaOH The white ppt. is soluble in Zn is confirmed
solution excess of
NaOH giving a colourless
solution.

Confirmation test for

BARIUM
2+
To the O.S add Potassium Yellow ppt Ba is confirmed
chromate solution.
Confirmation test for
CALCIUM
To the O.S add ammonium White ppt 2+
Ca is confirmed.
oxalate solution and NH4OH
solution.

Confirmation test for

STRONTIUM 2+
To the O.S add ammonium White ppt Sr is confirmed
sulphate solution and warm.
 Confirmation test for
MAGNESIUM
2+
To the O.S solution add NaOH White ppt Mg is confirmed.
solution.

Sample Salt

ANALYSIS OF SALT – 1

Experiment Observation Inference

PRELIMINARY TESTS
2+ 3+ 2+
Presence of Pb , Al , Zn ,
1. Note the colour of the salt. Colourless 2+ 2+ 2+ +
Sr , Ba , Mg , NH4
2. Note the smell of the salt No characteristic observation. Absence of acetate and
ammonium ion.
3. Flame test:-
A little of the salt is mixed No characteristic colour Absence of Ca2+,Sr2+, Ba2+ &
with a few drops of Con.HCl Cu2+
and a part of it is shown into
the flame.

4. Ash test:-To a little of the Pink ash Presence of Mg2+

salt add a few drops of cobalt
nitrate solution, mix well and
dip a piece of filter paper and
burn it to ashes

IDENTIFICATION OF
ACID RADICALS
(ANIONS)

5. 1. Salt + dil. HCl No characteristic reaction 2-

)
Absence of carbonate(CO3

6. 2. Salt + No characteristic reaction Absence of Chloride and

Concentrated H2SO4 acetate

7. 3. Salt + No characteristic reaction Absence of nitrate.

Concentrated H2SO4 and heat
and then add paper ball

4.Aqueous solution of salt + White ppt Presence of sulphate

BaCl2 solution.

Confirmation test for

2-
SULPHATE Presence of Sulphate (SO4 )
A white ppt. insoluble in
Aqueous solution of salt + is confirmed.
dilute HCl is obtained
dilute HCl + BaCl2 solution.
THE GIVEN SALT
CONTAIN ANION AS
SULPHATE
IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS (CATIONS)

Experiment Observation Inference

Zero group
Original solution + Na2CO3 A ppt Absence of group zero (NH4+)

Group-1
Original solution + dil-HCl No ppt Absence of group I

Group-2
Original solution + dil-HCl + No ppt Absence of group II
pass H2S

Group-3
Original solution + solid No ppt Absence of group III
NH4Cl + Excess NH4OH till it
smells ammonia

Group-4 No ppt Absence of group IV

Original solution + solid
NH4Cl boil cool and add
Excess NH4OH + pass H2S

Group-5 No ppt Absence of group V

Original solution + solid
NH4Cl boil cool and add
Excess NH4OH and excess
(NH4)2CO3 solution.
Group-6 White ppt presence of group VI (Mg2+)
Original solution + solid
NH4Cl boil cool and add
NH4OH and excess
ammonium phosphate or
disodium hydrogen phosphate
and scratch the sides.
Confirmation test for
2+
MAGNESIUM White ppt Mg is confirmed.
To the O.S solution add
NaOH solution.

THE GIVEN SALT

CONTAIN CATION AS
MAGNESIUM

REPORT:-
THE GIVEN SALT IS MAGNESIUM SULPHATE