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CBSE Class 12 Physics Sample Question Paper 2023-24

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CBSE Class 12 Physics Sample Question Paper 202324

General Instructions:

 All questions are compulsory.

 There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of
two marks, one question of three marks and all the questions of five marks weightage. A
student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions.

 Questions number 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.

 Questions number 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.

 Questions number 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.

 Questions number 23 is a value based question and carries 4 marks.

 Questions number 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.

 Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.

Questions

Section A

1. Define electric flux. Write its S.I. unit. (1)

2. Two wires of equal length, one of copper and the other of manganin have the same
resistance. Which wire is thicker? (1)

3. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 3.0 A m2 is aligned parallel to a uniform magnetic field of
0.4 T. What is the amount of work done in turning the magnet so as to align its magnetic
moment (i) normal to the field, (ii) antiparallel to the field? (1)

4. An inductor of 200 mH, capacitor of 400 µF and a resistor of 10 Ω are connected in series to
a 220 V variable frequency ac supply. What is the frequency at which the power factor of the
circuit becomes 1? (1)

5. In Young's double slit experiment, what happens to the fringe width when (i) the distance
between the slits is decreased? (ii) monochromatic light of smaller wavelength is used? (1)
Section B

6. (a) State Gauss's law in electrostatics. (b) A point charge Q is placed at the center of a cube of
side l. What is the electric flux passing through each face of the cube? (2)

7. Define the term 'drift velocity' of charge carriers in a conductor. Obtain the relation between
the drift velocity of electrons and the current flowing through it. (2)

8. A long straight wire carrying current of 25 A rests on a table. Another wire PQ of length 1 m,
mass 2.5 g is placed parallel to it at a distance of 0.5 m. The wire PQ is free to slide up and
down. What current should be passed through the wire PQ so that it will be just lifted up
from the table? (2)

9. A rectangular wire loop of sides 8 cm and 2 cm with a small cut is moving out of a region of
uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.3 T directed normal to the loop. What is the emf
induced in the loop when the speed of the loop is 3 cm s–1 in a direction normal to the
longer side? For how long does the induced emf last? (2)

10. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm are placed in
contact with each other. What is the power of this combination? (2)

Section C

11. Derive the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor. (3)

12. Explain the principle of a potentiometer. How can it be used to compare the emfs of two
primary cells? (3)

13. State Biot-Savart law. Using this law, derive the expression for the magnetic field due to a
current carrying circular loop at its centre. (3)

14. Explain with the help of a labelled diagram the working of a step-up transformer. How is the
energy loss in a transformer minimized? (3)

15. State the laws of photoelectric emission. Draw a graph showing the variation of photoelectric
current with the intensity of incident radiation. (3)

16. Draw the energy level diagram for hydrogen atom. Explain how the Balmer series of lines is
obtained in the emission spectrum of hydrogen. (3)

17. Explain the working of a p-n junction diode as a half-wave rectifier. Draw the input and
output waveforms. (3)

18. Explain the terms (i) depletion region, (ii) barrier potential, (iii) forward and reverse biasing
of a p-n junction diode. (3)

19. Draw a circuit diagram of a transistor amplifier in CE configuration. Explain its working. (3)

20. Explain the principle of working of a transistor as an oscillator. (3)

21. What is modulation? Explain the need for modulation. Describe briefly any two types of
modulation. (3)

22. A ray of light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium. Obtain the relation between
the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. Hence, define critical angle and total
internal reflection. (3)
Section D

23. A student is performing an experiment to find the focal length of a convex lens by using a
convex lens, a candle and a screen. The student is not able to obtain a clear image on the
screen. The teacher suggests to use a white sheet of paper in place of the screen. (a) Why is
a white sheet of paper preferred over the screen? (b) What are the values displayed by the
teacher? (4)

Section E

24. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a compound microscope. Derive the expression for its
magnifying power. (b) How is the resolving power of a microscope affected when (i) the
wavelength of light used is decreased? (ii) the diameter of the objective lens is increased? (5)

25. (a) Define wave function and probability density. (b) Derive the expression for the de Broglie
wavelength associated with a particle moving with velocity v. (5)

26. (a) Explain the working of a nuclear reactor with a labelled diagram. (b) What is nuclear
fusion? Give one example of a nuclear fusion reaction. Explain why a very high temperature
is required to achieve nuclear fusion. (5)

Answer Key:

Section A

1. Electric flux is the number of electric field lines passing through a given area. Its SI unit is
Nm2/C.

2. Manganin wire is thicker.

3. (i) Work done = 0.48 J, (ii) Work done = 2.4 J

4. Frequency = 50 Hz

5. (i) Fringe width increases, (ii) Fringe width decreases

Section B

6. (a) Gauss's law in electrostatics states that the total electric flux through any closed surface is
equal to 1/ε0 times the net charge enclosed by the surface. (b) Electric flux through each
face = Q/6ε0

7. Drift velocity is the average velocity acquired by the free electrons in a conductor under the
influence of an electric field. The relation between drift velocity and current is given by I =
neAv, where n is the number density of electrons, e is the charge on an electron, A is the
cross-sectional area of the conductor, and v is the drift velocity.

8. Current through PQ = 0.025 A

9. Induced emf = 7.2 × 10^-4 V, Time duration = 0.0267 s

10. Power of the combination = 4 D

Section C

11. See derivation of capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in NCERT textbook.

13. See Biot-Savart law and derivation of magnetic field due to a current carrying circular loop at
its centre in NCERT textbook.

14. See working of a step-up transformer and energy loss in a transformer in NCERT textbook.

15. See laws of photoelectric emission and graph of photoelectric current vs intensity of incident
radiation in NCERT textbook.

16. See energy level diagram for hydrogen atom and explanation of Balmer series in NCERT
textbook.

17. See working of a p-n junction diode as a half-wave rectifier and input-output waveforms in
NCERT textbook.

18. See depletion region, barrier potential, forward and reverse biasing of a p-n junction diode in
NCERT textbook.

19. See circuit diagram of a transistor amplifier in CE configuration and its working in NCERT
textbook.

20. See working of a transistor as an oscillator in NCERT textbook.

21. See modulation, need for modulation, and types of modulation in NCERT textbook.

22. See derivation of Snell's law, definition of critical angle and total internal reflection in NCERT
textbook.

Section D

23. (a) A white sheet of paper is preferred over the screen because it diffuses the light more
efficiently than a screen, making the image clearer. (b) The teacher displays the values of
patience, helpfulness, and problem-solving skills.