Crop assessment Snow & Glaciers Ocean State

Environment & Coral reefs,

and prod. Forest Ocean Geology
forecasting Wetlands, Forests,
GHG

ISRO’s Earth Observation Programme Roadmap and International Obligations

INSAT-3D RISAT-1A
SCATSAT-1
RISAT-1 SAR

SSTM-1

Optical Image Radar Image

Fishery, Coastal Urban & Regional Planning Air Quality Monitoring Overland flow Suitability for crops
Zone, Mangroves

23 May, 2022

Nilesh M. Desai
Director, Distinguished Scientist
Space Applications Centre ( SAC ),
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),
Ahmedabad-380015. Gujarat, INDIA
Tel .: 91-79-26913445 (D) / 26913444 / 26915000 Ext. 3444 / 3445, Fax :+91-79-26915843
Email: [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected]
 Remote Sensing- An Overview

Remote Sensors

Optical Microwave

Active Passive

CARTOSAT-2S image RISAT-1 image

23 May, 2022
 Capability Evolution of ISRO’s Remote Sensing Program

LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE

RESOURCESAT-2/2A CARTOSAT-2; 2A; 2B;2S OCEANSAT-2 INSAT-3A
(2011/2016) (2009) (2003)
KALPANA
(2002)
(2007) (2008) (2010) (2016)
RISAT-1 MEGHA-
TROPIQUES

SARAL SCATSAT-1
RISAT-2 CARTOSAT-1 (2016)
(2013) INSAT-3D/3DR
(2012) (2009) (2005) (2011)
(2013/2016)

1 KM IMAGING CAPABILITY 0.3 M

RISAT, Cartosat-3, Oceansat-3, GISAT, for continuity of services and new capabilities

23 May, 2022
Capability Evolution of Microwave Radars

23 May, 2022
10/20m MX, ISRO Earth Observation Payloads Roadmap
Large swath 1 m, 20 km Imaging Capability
swath, 3 views
Evolved up to 0.3m
Mx Thermal

RS-3 Stereo triplet 6 hour

Repetivity

OCM-3, 13 bands
(2022) Microsat-1/2A, 6m IR GISAT-1 /2, 414
bands (2020/22)

C2S, 0.63 PAN HySIS,

(2016) 316 bands
(2018)
RS-2/2A, 4 bands LiVHySI, GISAT-1/2 (LWIR), 42 m MX
(2011-2016) 256 bands (2020/22)
(2011)
NISAR
GHRC, 55 m
HySI-T, 64 bands (2018)
(2010)
INSAT-3D/R,
1 to 8km INTERFEROMETRIC
2013-17 X-SARs
MULTI-FREQUENCY RES : 0.5 m
MICROWAVE RADIOMETER SWATH: 240 Km
Altitude: 725 Km Dual Frequency
OSCAT RISAT-1 SCATSAT-1 RISAT-2B/2BR1/2BR2 Swath: 1500 Km
(2016) Scatterometers
(2009) (2012) (2019-20)
 Contemporary Remote Sensing Payloads

High Resolution Multi-spectral

MODIS RCM (3 Sats) -Canada
World view- 4 • 36 bands, 250 m to 1 km GSD • 20 Km (Hybrid Pol): 3m
• 0.31 m, 13 km • VNIR to LWIR Resolution
• 1.1 m telescope • 2500 km swath Sentinel 1 Series –ESA
• 29 bands • 80 Km ( Dual Pol): 5 m
CS-3S OCM-3 Resolution
• 0.28 m, 17 km • 13 bands, VNIR
• 1.2 m telescope RISAT-1A- ISRO
• 360m GSD • 20 Km (Full Pol): 3m
• PAN, MR & MIR • 1500 km Swath Resolution

Synthetic Aperture Radars

Hyperspectral EO from GEO

Advanced Baseline Imager TerraSAR-X & Tandem X

HSI-EnMap (Proposed)
-DLR
• 10nm (GOES-R)
• 8Km; 0.6m
• 420 nm to 2500 nm • 500 m
• 30 m, 30 km • 16 bands
CosmoskyMed-ASI
• 10Km; 1m
HYSIS
• < 10 nm GISAT-1/2
• 42 m RISAT-2B- ISRO
• 400 nm to 2500 nm
• MX (12 bands) • 3.5Km; 0.5m
• 30 m, 30 km
• HySI (414 bands)
6
23 May, 2022
 EO APPLICATIONS NEEDS OF THE COUNTRY

• High-res. Mx/Hx, Thermal IR,

• Agriculture SAR (L, P) constellations
• Forest • Ultra-spectral
• Water • Radiometers (L-band continuity)
• Wide-swath Altimetry
•Physical
Land • Meteorology
(Applications) • Climatology
Ocean Satellite
(Applications) observations
• Geosciences (satellite constellations,
• Cryosphere Atmosphere Trains, Science
missions..)
• Urban Applications

• Biological

• GNSS Reflectometry
• Space-borne Lidars
• Aeronomy
• Gravimetry
• Scatterometers (Dual
frequency)

7
23 May, 2022
 Land Applications
LAND APPLICATIONS Application needs Observational requirements
AGRICULTURE Digital and precision agriculture for High-resolution sensor
farm-scale resource monitoring and constellation (Mx, SAR),
optimization Hyperspectral (VNIR-TIR)
Fluorescence sensor observations,
LiDAR
FOREST Forest above-ground Biomass
India - 2019
Species classification, Biomass and L & P band and Hyperspectral
health observations
(ton/ha)
NF
< 30
30 - 60
60 - 90
90 - 120
120 - 150
> 150

WATER Quantity and quality, wetlands health, Constellation of satellites, wide

flood early warning, river discharge, swath altimetry, ultra-spectral
changing water cycle, stable water sensors, high resolution thermal
isotopes etc. observations, sequential imaging
using multi-sensors (H-train)
GEO-SCIENCES Tectonic/non-tectonic crustal InSAR, constellation of GRACE,
deformation processes, Minerals thermal and hyperspectral
explorations, land degradation, observations
Seismic and Geo-hazard, land
subsidence etc.

CRYOSPHERE Snow water equivalent, precise glacier SAR and Hyperspectral

mass balance, cryo-hydrological observations, High-repeat VNIR-
disaster etc. TIR with ~ 50 m or better
resolution 8
23 May, 2022
 Ocean & Atmosphere Applications
OCEAN APPLICATIONS Application needs Observational requirements
PHYSICAL Ocean currents, ocean state Wide swath altimetry and
forecast, wave energy, constellation, Sea surface
Navigation, Beach forecasting kinematics observations, Nano
etc. OCM sensor constellation, GNSS
Reflectometry etc.

BIOLOGICAL Ocean primary productivity, Programmable Hyperspectral

Potential Fishing zones, coastal sensor, Geo Ocean color
studies etc.

ATMOSPHERIC APPLICATIONS Application needs Observational Requirements

METEOROLOGY Weather modelling and multi-platform satellite
observation and integration,
forecasting, Urban meteorology, hyperspectral IR sounder,
tropical cyclone, lightening etc. precipitation radar, Doppler Wind
LIDAR etc.
CLIMATOLOGY • Essential Climate Variables Long term observations from Geo-
(ECVs) platform, climate quality products
• Atmospheric chemistry and
transport modelling
AERONOMY Human-space programme, Space-borne LiDARs
satellite communication and
navigation
9
23 May, 2022
 RISAT-1A: C-band Active Phased Array Synthetic Aperture Radar

• Geolocation achieved < 50m

• Hybrid and Full Polarimetric calibration established
FRS1 Full Polarisation FRS1 Circular Polarisation
Yamaguchi Decomposition m-Chi Decomposition
MRS Systematic Coverage

HH HV HH/HV Even Volume Odd

10
23 May, 2022
 RISAT-1A Imaging Modes Specifications

6 / 8 / 12 –beam FRS-1 / FRS-2 ScanSAR – FP

MODES FRS-1 FRS-2 HRS
ScanSAR (FP*) (6/8/12 beam) (*)
Worst Sigma Naught
-17.0 -18.5 -17.0 -17.0 - 15.0 / -18.0 -15.0
(dB)
Swath (km) 25 25 115 / 160 / 223 15 20 87 / 115 / 168
107 - 107 -
Off-Nadir (km) 107 - 659 107 - 659 107 - 400 107 - 400
659 659
Slant range
2 4 8 2 8 8
resolution(m)

Ground range 9.3 – 18.6 – 9.3 – 3.2 / 18.6 –

37.2-9.7 9.3 – 2.4 37.2-12.6
resolution(m) 2.4 6.3 6.3
Azimuth
3 9 23 / 33 / 50 1 3/9 23 / 33 / 50
Resolution(m)
Polarisation S/D/C S/D/C S/D/C S/D/C FP FP
Geolocation
50
accuracy (m)
Radiometric
± 1.0
Accuracy (dB)

(*) Full-pol can be exercised on experimental basis; performance will be validated during commissioning phase
11
23 May, 2022
 Oceansat-3

SSTM-1 Payload
Oceansat Series: The journey so far…
Oceansat-1 (1999):
8-band OCM@ 412, 442, 489, 512, 557, 670, 768, and 867 nm
4-channel V/H pol MSMR @ 6.6, 10.65, 18 and 21 GHz
Oceansat-2 (2009):
• OCM-2, 8-Bands
• Ku-band Scatterometer (SCAT)
Scatterometer Payload
• Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA)
Oceansat-3 (2022):
• Ku-band SCAT- Experimental high resolution (5 km) mode
besides regular 12.5/25 km, Ocean Surface Winds
• 13-band Ocean Colour Monitor – Narrow bandwidth & OCM-3 Payload
additional bands over Oceanat-1, Sea surface chlorophyll,
Aerosol Optical Depth, Total Suspended Sediment, NDVI
• 2-band Sea Surface Temperature Monitor– Simultaneous
SST data along with OCM and SCAT, Sea Surface
Temperature, Land Surface Temperature
• ARGOS by CNES

Major Applications
• Ocean: Ocean biology and ecosystem, Ocean State Forecast,
Potential Fishing Zone Identification, Coastal zone
management
• Atmosphere: Cyclogenesis, Track/Intensity Prediction,
Numerical Weather Prediction, Air quality
• Land: Vegetation classifications/ growth assessment,
Hydrology
High Resolution SST
• Cryosphere: Sea ice dynamics, Surface melting 23 May, 2022
12
 TRISHNA - A Joint Mission
(Thermal infraRed Imaging Satellite for High resolution Natural resource Assessment)

Science Objectives Mission specifications

 Primary :  ISRO P/L: 5 VNIR bands + 2 SWIR bands
[Albedo, LAI, Veg. Index]
i. Ecosystem Water use & Stress through
Energy budget and Evapotranspiration (ET) CNES P/L: 4 TIR [Temperature-Emissivity]
of continental biosphere  Revisit : 8 day repeat cycle with 3-day revisit 761km altitude
ii. Coastal & Inland waters (Fresh water in  ± 34° scan angle, 1030km swath
fringes, monitoring of sub meso-scale  Nadir spatial resolution : 57 m for continent & coast, 1 km over
processes, Water quality) open ocean.
 Overpass time : 1 PM and 1 AM (+/- 15 mins)
 Secondary : Urban Heat Islands, Cryosphere  Free and open data policy; Launch : 2025/2026

Surface Heat Exchange &

Observational gap Scientific Utility of data & products
evapotranspiration mapping
• ASTER : 5 TIR bands ; 90 m ; 16 days repetivity. 1030 hrs  Improved advisories to
overpass
• Landsat-8:30m VSWIR(9)+2 TIR bands; 100m; 16 days
8 Days, farmers & fishermen,
• Landsat-9 (27.Sep.2021): 30m VSWIR(9)+2 TIR bands 90-100m irrigation optimization &
100 m ; 16 days TRISHNA 1 PM/AM water savings, drought &
(2025/2026 overpass
coastal-inland water
) bands; 50m ; 4 3 days,
• LSTM (2028):VSWIR (6 bands) + 5 TIR ~ 50-57m management, long-term
days from each of 2 satellites Ideal for ET
database on critical
• SBG (2029) : Hyperspectral VSWIR + TIR bands; ~30m
variables relevant to
climate change and to
meet important SDG goals.
23 May, 2022
 NISAR Overview

NASA-ISRO Collaboration
NISAR Characteristic: Would Enable:
• L- and S-band Spaceborne SAR L-band (23 cm Low temporal
• Standalone and synchronous imaging wavelength) decorrelation and foliage
• 12m diameter reflector with active-feed penetration
• Spacecraft bus S-band (9 cm Sensitivity to light
(ISRO) wavelength) vegetation
– ISRO I3K heritage bus - SweepSAR technique Global data collection
modified
with
• L-band SAR Imaging Swath > 240 km
(JPL/NASA) Polarimetry Surface characterization
– L-band SAR Electronics (Single/Dual/Quad) and biomass estimation
– L-band Feed RF Aperture
– Radar Instrument Structure 12-day exact repeat Rapid Sampling
(RIS)
– Radar Antenna Boom (RAB) 3 – 10 meters mode- Small-scale observations
– Radar Antenna Reflector dependent SAR
(RAR)
resolution
• S-band SAR (ISRO) 3 yrs (NASA) / 5 yrs Time-series analysis
– S-band SAR Electronics
– S-band Feed RF Aperture (ISRO) science
operations
• Spacecraft systems Pointing control < 273 Deformation
(JPL/NASA) arcseconds interferometry
– Ka-band high rate transmitter
– GPS receiver
Orbit control < 500 Deformation
SweepSAR technique – Solid State Recorder (SSR)
meters interferometry
– Payload Data Subsystem (PDS)
for High resolution, Wide swath imaging > 10% (S) / 50% (L) Complete land/ice
– Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
observation duty cycle coverage
• Launch Vehicle
Left-only pointing Uninterrupted time-series
(ISRO) (Left/Right capability) Rely on Sentinel-1 for
– GSLV Mark-III
Arctic 14
23 May, 2022
 NISAR : NASA-ISRO SAR Observatory
India + neighbors boundary
Agriculture/ Forest/ wetland
Jute crop
Alpine forest

Microwave Sensor Payloads

Seismic Deformation
Land Subsidence
Landslide
Urban subsidence
Volcanic deformation/ studies
Coastal region (sea 300km)
Coastal habitat
Coastal deformation
Coastal mud bank
Coastal region (land, 100 km)
Ocean – Arabian Sea
Ocean – Bay of Bengal
Disaster – floods
Disaster – forest fire
Disaster – oil slick
Cryosphere - Himalayas
NISAR
Radar
Antenna
Reflector
Radar (RAR)
Antenna
Boom (RAB)
S/C Bus

Solar
Array

Radar
Instrument NISAR IRIS with populated FM Electronics
Structure (RIS)

S-band SweepSAR
Orbit – 747km, 12 days repeat, 14/day

23 May, 2022
 Major Applications of NISAR

Ecosystem Structure: 1.1 Agriculture biomass & Crop monitoring; 1.2 Forest
biomass; 1.3 Forest disturbance; 1.4 Mangroves / Wetlands; 1.5 Alpine vegetation; 1.6
Vegetation phenology; 1.7 Soil moisture; 1.8 Ecosystem stress assessment

Land Deformation: 2.1 Inter-seismic / Co-seismic deformations; 2.2 Landslides;

2.3 Land subsidence; 2.4 Volcanic deformations

Cryosphere: 3.1 Polar Ice Shelf / Ice sheet; 3.2 Sea Ice Dynamics; 3.3 Mountain snow/
glacier 3.4 Glacier dynamics/ hazard (Himalayan Region); 3.5 Climate response to glaciers;
3.6 Sea–Ice advisory on safer marine navigation in Antarctica region

Coasts & Ocean: 4.1 Coastal erosion / shoreline change; 4.2 Coastal subsidence and
vulnerability to sea-level rise; 4.3 Coastal bathymetry; 4.4 Ocean surface wind; 4.5 Ocean
wave spectra; 4.6 Ship detection; 4.7 Coastal watch services

Disaster Response: 5.1 Floods; 5.2 Forest fire damage assessment; 5.3
Coastal oil spill; 5.4 Earthquakes / Others

Geological Applications: 6.1 Structural & Lithological mapping; 6.2 Lineament

mapping; 6.3 Paleo-Channel study; 6.4 Geomorphology; 6.5 Land degradation
mapping; 6.6 Geo-archaeology; 6.7 Mineral explorations

16
23 May, 2022
 SARAL/AltiKa: ISRO-CNES Joint Altimeter Mission
9-years in orbit and still going On!
Launched - Feb, 2013 Current Status Water Levels from River/reservoirs
First Ka-band Space-borne • SARAL orbit in Mis-pointing phase: Nearly 55%
Altimeter – (Smaller footprint, high of Sea level Anomaly (SLA), 70% of Wind Speed
vertical resolution) and 68% of SWH data are still usable for various
Parameters – ocean applications.
(Sea level, Significant wave height
(SWH), surface wind speed, water
• SWH data still being used for operational wave
level)
forecasting
Application Domain
Coastal Sea Level Rise

Operational Oceanography: SLA and SWH data assimilated

in Ocean state forecast models for accurate 3-D ocean state
Estimation and Prediction

3-D Ocean State

Sea Ice Thickness

Monitoring Large Scale Ocean Extremes: El-Nino and La-Nina

El Nino La Nina

17
23 May, 2022
 mm-wave / sub mm-wave / Terahertz Sensors

mm-wave Atmospheric Temperature & Constellation of Millimeter-wave

Humidity Sounder Sounder on Cubesat Platform
• Space-borne Vertical
Salient temperature and humidity
features profiles up to 40kms and
10kms respectively
LEO satellite constellation; near-
• 17 channel, 50-60GHz continuous weather-monitoring of
Temperature Sounder tropical region
Configurat • 7 channel, 183GHz 11-channel scanning sounder at 89, 118
ion Humidity Sounder & 183GHz in 3U sized payload
• Indigenous development
of mm-wave technology Ultra-compact & low power
technology
Space-borne sub-mm/THz instrument for
Ground-based atmospheric sounder
astronomy and atmospheric observation
• All-weather, compact &
ISRO’s first space-borne sub-mm/THz self-calibrating field
Salient deployable instrument
instrument features
• Atmospheric profile up to
490 mm
Astronomical observation at 230GHz 10km altitude
& 345GHz, limb sounding at • Noise injection with
233.95GHz & 236GHz tunable LO
Configurat • 14 channels in Oxygen
Space qualification SBD-based RF ion (50-60GHz) and water
Front-Ends & FFT based Digital Temperature & Humidity Profiles: vapour(21-31.5GHz)
Spectrometer Altitude: 10km absorption band
Spatial resolution @ 10km : 1km
Vertical resolutions: 50 – 250m
NE∆T: ~ 0.2K 18
23 May, 2022
 ISRO’s Other EO Programs

• 1.2 m telescope
• GSD: 0.28 m PAN, 1.12 m
MX, 5.3m MWIR
• Swath: 17 km (PAN &
MX), ~5 km (MWIR)
Microsat-2A GISAT-2 • Large complex focal
Imaging (6m) in two Infra- • 42m GSD 6-band MX VNIR, 1.1km GSD 6-band MX
plane with 50 detectors
Red (IR) bands LWIR • Refocusing mechanism
- Mid Wave IR in spectral • 320m & 192m GSD HyS VNIR(158 bands) & HyS • Large format MWIR
bands: 3.7um to 4.8um SWIR(256 bands) detectors

- Long Wave IR in spectral • Indian region coverage : 5 mins (MX LWIR), 1.5 hrs CARTOSAT-3 Series
bands: 7.7um to 11um (MX VNIR)

• PAN (0.85m), MX
(B2,B3,B4) and LWIR
INS-2TD
Mass (kg): 2; Spectral bands: Resourcesat-3 Series
7.6 to 13.8 µm • 1.6 m PAN stereo with 2.5 m MX
GSD (m) @ Nadir: 175; • 60km swath HRSAT Series
19
Swath (km) @ nadir: 67 x 50 • Dual view configuration 23 May, 2022
 Earth Observations – International Engagement

The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS)

• ISRO has contributed various satellite missions to address the gap
areas in meteorology, especially Indian Ocean Data Coverage
(IODC) from INSAT series in GEO and Oceansat series with
scatterometer in LEO.
• ISRO collaboration with various space agencies to provide met-
ocean observations such as MeghaTropiques, SARAL-AltiKa.
• ISRO is active in Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System
(GSICS) providing correction coefficients for INSAT.
• ISRO is committed to provide continuity of IODC coverage.
• ISRO’s scientists are active in different capacities (observer, chair,
co-chair, member) in various science teams and working groups.

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)

• ISRO launched various EO satellites (Resourcesat, Cartosat, RISAT,
SCATSAT, INSAT, Oceansat) to address the societal needs.
• ISRO is active in Science Working Groups and Virtual
Constellations.
• ISRO is Co-lead in CEOS-Coast Ad Hoc Team & is leading project on
“Sea2Land” (Bay of Bengal as pilot study) for developing new
capabilities (algorithm, product & information) for cyclone & its
impact
• One of the most important contribution from ISRO has been in
providing continuity to Ocean Surface Wind vectors from Ku-band
scatterometers in global constellation for operational users. 20
23 May, 2022
 Areas of Potential Collaboration

ESA Mission Unique observations Applications Potential Collaborations

LSTM (Land Surface 5 TIR, 4 VNIR, 2 SWIR Farm-scale agricultural water use Same time of overpass & Coastal buffer,
Temperature Mission) bands and water productivity shared CAL-VAL activities with
50 m spatial resolution, TRISHNA, Scientific exchange (Product
4 days revisit definition, Algorithms etc.)

BIOMASS mission P-band SAR forest above ground biomass up to Algorithm development, fine tuning and
200 t/ha evaluation of products

Copernicus Imaging Wide-swath conically- Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Generation of GHRSST products by
Microwave Radiometer scanning multi-frequency Surface Salinity, Soil Moisture, combining CIMR SST and INSAT-
(CIMR) microwave radiometer (L Sea-ice concentration 3D/3DR SST.
to Ka band) High-resolution soil moisture product

Doppler Wind Lidar Vertical profiles of Weather forecasting, Wind energy Processing of the Doppler wind Lidar
(Aeolus) tropospheric and lower over land observations and development of land-
(DWL) stratospheric winds wind retrieval algorithm

Sea surface Kinematics Sea surface Current direct Observations of ocean wave Evaluation of Geophysical products,
Multiscale Monitoring measurement spectrum Operational ocean state forecasting
(SKIM) models

EarthCARE Mission Atmospheric Lidar Aerosol, cloud layer vertical Joint algorithm developments
(ATLID) distribution and cloud optical
Cloud Profiling Radar properties &
(CPR) Impact on weather and climate

FLuorescence EXplorer Fluorescence Imaging Assessing photosynthetic capacity Solar Induced Fluorescence (SIF)
(FLEX) Spectrometer (FLORIS) and impacts on carbon cycle retrieval and validation 21
23 May, 2022
 Global Solar Calculator
SOLAR CALCULATOR for World

Solar Potential
Details
Sun Path &
Insolation and Temperature Terrain
Shadow

Location on Map and Image

Monthly
Insolation
Site Selection Tool for Solar Energy Plant
(Using Multi-criteria analysis) Global Annual Solar Insolation
& Monthly profile
Geo-spatial analysis based
site selection tool using
following layers of
information
1. Distance from Power
line
2. Distance from Road
3. Maximum Slope
4. Min. Solar Insolation
5. Type of Land Use

22
23 May, 2022
 International Disaster Charter (IDC)

Under the International disaster charter, ISRO processing platform has been developed keeping in view;
i) large number of satellites and data products The platform supports all satellite data for visualisation
ii) reduce the Turn-around-time for analysis and analysis which are provided by members countries
iii) non-availability of processing resources etc. of International Charter : Space and Major Disasters

ISRO processing platform for Flood area extracted using Sentinel-1 data (6 May 2019)
International Disaster Charter Odisha cyclone & floods (Activation 608 on 2 May 2019)

23
23 May, 2022
 VEDAS and MOSDAC: Web Based Applications

Meteorological & Oceanographic

Satellite Data Archival Centre Visualisation of Earth observation Data and
Archival System
Antarctic Sea-Ice trend
Desertification Status Map
RISAT

3D visualization of Mars
Glaciers in 3D Air Quality Monitoring

Hydrological Applications
Soil Wetness Crop monitoring

https://mosdac.sac.gov.in https://vedas.sac.gov.in

24
23 May, 2022
 CONCLUDING REMARKS
• ISRO / India’s Earth Observation Programme
• Vigilant Eyes in the Sky
• Serving Nation’s interests : Civilian, Disaster
Management, Science, Strategic

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 ISRO & SAC Colleagues

 Living Planet Symposium (LPS) Participants

• Chairman, ISRO, Blr.

23 May, 2022
 Barren Island volcano captured from
Cartosat-2S EVM

� � ञ्रव्र�
23 May, 2022
 Insanity is doing the same thing, over and
over again, but expecting different results.
- Rita Mae Brown

The future depends on what we do in the present.

- Mahatma Gandhi

23 May, 2022