1) Decrypt the following ciphertext C into its original plaintext
P using Ceaser cipher (key=5):
C = ymnx nx hfjxfw hnumjwnsl
Plaintext= this is caesar ciphering
2) Encrypt the Plain text P=” system attacked successfully”
using the Monoalphabetic Cipher based on the following
mapping:
Plain text P=” system attacked successfully”
Plain text = LNLZTDQZZQEATRLXEETLLYXSSN
3) Encipher the message “message encryption” using Rail Fence cipher with a
Rail Fence of depth 3
m a n p n
e s g e c y t o
s e r i
cipher text= manpnesgecytoseri
4) 4) Encrypt the following plaintext P = "Cybersecurity cryptographic" using
Row transposition cipher using the Key: 52413
5 2 4 1 3
c y b e r
s e c u r
i t y c r
y p t o g
r a p h I
c - - - -
eucoh-yetpa-rrrgi-bcytp-Csiyrc
Question 2:
Using the S-DES, as described in Lecture L3,
and the key: 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Encrypt step by step the plaintext P = 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
Decrypt step by step the ciphertext C = 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
Key Generation: For S-DES, the key is 10 bits. It's split into two
5-bit parts:
• K1: 10100
• K2: 00010
Encryption Steps:
1. Initial Permutation (IP):
o The plaintext is permuted according to the IP table.
o IP(P) = 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
2. Round 1:
o Left Shift (LS): The left half (0100) is shifted left by one
bit, becoming 1000.
o Key Generation: K1 is used.
o Function f: The right half (1110) is combined with K1
and passed through the function f.
o XOR: The output of f is XORed with the left half.
o Swap: The left and right halves are swapped.
3. Round 2:
o Left Shift (LS): The left half (1110) is shifted left by one
bit, becoming 1111.
o Key Generation: K2 is used.
o Function f: The right half (1000) is combined with K2
and passed through the function f.
o XOR: The output of f is XORed with the left half.
o Swap: The left and right halves are swapped.
4. Final Permutation (IP^-1):
o The ciphertext is permuted according to the inverse IP
table.
Encryption Example
Key: 10100 00010 Plaintext: 01110010 IP(P): 01001110 Round
1:
• Left Shift: 1000
• f(1110, K1): 1010
• XOR: 0010
• Swap: 1010 0010 Round 2:
• Left Shift: 1111
• f(0010, K2): 0101
• XOR: 1011
• Swap: 1011 1111 IP^-1: 0111 0111
Ciphertext: 01110111
Decryption Steps
Decryption is similar to encryption, but the keys are used in
reverse order.
Key: 10100 00010 Ciphertext: 01110111 IP(C): 10111110
Round 1:
• Left Shift: 1111
• f(1110, K2): 0101
• XOR: 1011
• Swap: 1011 1111 Round 2:
• Left Shift: 1110
• f(1111, K1): 1010
• XOR: 0100
• Swap: 0100 1110 IP^-1: 0111 0010
Plaintext: 01110010
