LESSON 9

1. For Statement:
General Form of For statement:
for ( initialization ; continuation condition ; update )
statement1 ;
for ( initialization ; continuation condition ; update )
{
statement1 ;
statement2 ;
:
}

Example1: for ( i = 0; i < 10; i ++ ) Output:

cout << i; 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Example2: for ( i = 0; i < 10; i += 2 ) Output: even numbers only

cout << i; 0 2 4 6 8

Example3: for ( i = 1; i < 10; i += 2 ) Output: odd numbers only

cout << i; 1 3 5 7 9

Example:

- Write a C++ program to add the numbers between 1 and 100:

#include<iostream.h> void
main( )
{
int sum = 0;
for ( int i = 1; i <= 100; i ++ )
sum = sum + i;
cout << “sum is: “ << sum;
}

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LESSON 9
Example 2
Example:
- Write a C++ program to find the factorial of n (using for statement):
n! = n * n-1 * n-2 * n-3 * … * 2 * 1
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int n, f = 1;
cout << “enter positive number: “;
cin >> n;
for ( int i = 2; i <= n; i ++ ) for ( int i = n; i > 2; i -- )
f = f * i;
cout << “factorial is: “ << f;
}

Example
Example 3
- Write a C++ program to solve the following equation:

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int sum = 0;
for ( int i = 1; i <= 20; i ++ )
sum = sum + ( i * i );
cout << “The sum is: “ << sum;
}

Example:

- Write a C++ program to read 10 integer numbers, and find the sum
of positive number only:
#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int num, sum = 0;
for ( int i = 1; i <= 10; i ++ )
{
cout << “enter your number: “;
cin >> num;
if ( num > 0 ) sum = sum + num;
}
cout << “The sum is: “ << sum;
}

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 LESSON 9

Example:

- Write a C++ program to print the following series: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int x;
for ( x = 1; x < 65; x *= 2 )
cout << x <<” “;
}

Example:
- Write C++ program to print the following: 1 10
#include<iostream.h> 2 9
void main( ) 3 8
{ 4 7
int x; 5 6
for ( x = 1; x < 7; ++ x ) 6 5
cout << x <<”\t“ << 11 – x << endl;
}

2. More about For Statement:

1-We can use more than one control with for statement, as follow:
for ( int m = 1, int n = 8 ; m < n ; m ++ , n -- )

2-We can create infinite loop, as follow:

for ( ; ; )

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LESSON 9

3. Nested For Loops:

A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. The number of

loops depend on the complexity of a problem. Suppose, a loop, outer
loop, running n number of times consists of another loop ins ide it,
inner loop, running m number of times. Then, for each execution of
the outer loop from 1...n, the inner loop runs maximum of m times.
We can put loops one inside another to solve a certain
programming problems. Loops may be nested as follows:

for (initialization ; continuation condition ; update)

{
for (initialization ; continuation condition ; update )
{
statement(s);
}
statement(s); // you can put more statements.
}
Or as the following figure:

When working with nested loops, the outer loop changes only after the inner loop
is completely finished.
Example:
for(num2 = 0; num2 <= 3; num2++)
{
for(num1 = 0; num1 <= 2; num1++)
{
cout<< num2<< " " << num1<< endl;
}
}

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LESSON 9

Let's take a look at a trace of two nested loops.

Example 8





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 LESSON 9

Example:
- Write a C++ program to print the following pattern.

00 01 02 03 04 05
10 11 12 13 14 15
20 21 22 23 24 25
30 31 32 33 34 35
40 41 42 43 44 45
50 51 52 53 54 55
#include <iostream>
int main ()
{
int i, j;

for(i=0; i<=5; i++)

{

for( j=0; j <= 5; j++)

{
cout << i << j <<" \t";
}

cout <<"\n";
}

return 0;
}

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LESSON 9

Example:

- Write a C++ program to print the following pattern.

1
12
123
1234
12345

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
int i,j;
for (i =1; i<5; i++)
{

for (j=1; j <= i; j++ )

{
cout <<j<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
}
getch();
return 0;
}

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 LESSON 9
Example:
- Write a C++ program to print the following pattern by using nested for
loop.
12345678

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
int i, j, k,s=1;
for ( i = 1; i <= 2; i ++ )
{
for ( j = 1; j <= 2; j ++ )
{
for ( k = 1; k <= 2; k ++ )
{
cout << s <<" ";
s=s+1;
}
}
}

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 LESSON 9

Example
- Write a C++ program to print the following pattern.
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int i, j;
for ( i = 1; i <= 10; i ++ )
{
for ( j = 1; j <= i; j ++ )
cout << “ + “;
cout << “\n“;
}
}

Exercise:

- What is the output of the following C++ program?

#include<iostream.h>
void main( )
{
int i, j, k;
for ( i = 1; i <= 2; i ++ )
{
for ( j = 1; j <= 3; j ++ )
{
for ( k = 1; k <= 4; k ++ )
cout << “ + “;
cout << “\n“;
}
cout << “\n“;
}
}