LOYOLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GARBAGE SEGREGATOR
&
BIN LEVEL INDICATOR
MINI PROJECT REPORT

ET3491 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IOT DESIGN

LABORATORY SEMESTER – VI

DEPARTMENT
OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR (2023-2024)

 Submitted by

YUVASRI S - 210921106058
EMYSARAL A - 210921106013
SANDHIYA K - 210921106046
ASMIYA K S - 210921106008
VAISHNAVI P - 210921106055
NAVEENA M - 210921106034
PRAKASH R - 210921106037
BABU P - 210921106009
ARUN KUMAR M - 210921106007
YANNIS HOSEA Y - 210921106056
AJAY KUMAR T - 210921106501
 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.No. TOPICS Page no.

1. ABSTRACT 1

2. INTRODUCTION 2

3. COMPONENTS 2

4. HARDWARE REQUIRED 3

5. SOFTWARE REQUIRED 5

6. ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES 6

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM 7

8. WORKING PROCEDURE 8

9. SOURCE CODE 9

10. PROTOTYPE 13

11. APPLICATIONS 14

12. CHALLENGES 14

13. BENEFITS 14

14. CONCLUSION 15

15. FUTURE TRENDS 15

16. REFERENCES 16
 ABSTRACT:

The Garbage Segregator System is design automate the

segregation of dry and wet waste to enhance waste management
practices. This system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller,
jumper wires, servo motor, and ultrasonic sensor. The Arduino
Uno acts as the central processing unit, receiving inputs from the
ultrasonic sensor to detect waste presence and sending signals to
the servo motor to control the segregation gate. Jumper wires
ensure proper electrical connections between components. The
ultrasonic sensor measures the distance to detect waste, triggering
the segregation process. The servo motor rotates to direct waste
into the appropriate bin based on sensor inputs. This abstract
summarizes the functionality and operation of the Garbage
Segregator System, providing a cost-effective and scalable
solution for waste segregation in various settings.
INTRODUCTION:
The garbage segregation system aims to
automate the process of segregating dry and wet waste using
various electronic components. This report details the
components used in the system.

COMPONENTS:
1. Arduino Uno
2. Solid Moisture Sensor
3. Ultrasonic Sensor
4. Servo Motor
5. Jumper Wires
HARDWARE REQUIRED:

1. Arduino Uno:
The Arduino Uno serves as the brain of the system,
controlling the operation of other components based on
sensor inputs.

2. Solid Moisture Sensor:

- The solid moisture sensor is used to detect the moisture
content in waste.
- It helps differentiate between wet and drY waste.

3. Ultrasonic Sensor:
- The ultrasonic sensor is utilized to measure the
distance of an object.
 - It detects the presence of waste in the bin and triggers
the segregation process

4. Servo Motor:
- The servo motor is responsible for actuating the
segregation mechanism.
- It controls the movement of the segregation gate to direct
waste into the appropriate bin.

5. Jumper Wires:
- Jumper wires are used to establish electrical connections
between various components and the Arduino Uno.
 - They ensure proper communication and power
distribution within the system.
 SOFTWARE REQUIRED
ARDUINO IDE:

Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software

platform used for writing, compiling, and uploading code to Arduino
microcontroller boards. It provides a user-friendly interface for
programming Arduino projects, making it accessible to beginnersand
experienced developers alike.
Code Editor: The Arduino IDE includes a text editor with syntax
highlighting, auto- indentation, and other features to facilitate writing
code in the Arduino programminglanguage (based on C/C++)
Library Manager: Arduino IDE comes with a library manager that allows
users to easilyadd, update, and manage libraries (collections of pre-written
code) for interfacing with various sensors, actuators, and other components.
Board Manager: Arduino IDE supports a wide range of Arduino-compatible
boards. The board manager allows users to select the appropriate board variant,
configure board-specificsettings, and install additional board definitions if
needed.
Sketches and Projects: Arduino code files are referred to as sketches. The
IDE provides tools for creating, saving, opening, and organizing sketches
within projects. Users can workon multiple sketches simultaneously and
manage them efficiently.
Code Verification and Compilation: Arduino IDE includes a built-in compiler
that verifiesthe syntax of the code and compiles it into machine-readable
instructions (binary code) that can be uploaded to the Arduino board
ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES

The research in the field of automated waste

sorting and segregation has two different
approaches: sorting using sensor technology or
Artificial Intelligence

 SENSOR BASED SORTING TECHNOLOGY:

This system involves sensors along with a
monitoring platform where the sensors collect
information about the garbage which is in turn
used by the data analyzing technique for
interpretation of type of waste leading to
automatic waste segregation and its monitoring
system.

 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING ML :

The garbage segregation project using AI/ML

automates the process of identifying and sorting
different types of waste. The system uses image
recognition techniques to analyze images captured
by a camera and machine learning algorithms to
classify the waste into different categories.
FLOWCHART:
WORKING:
STEP- 1:
. Initialization:
- The system initializes when powered on.
- Arduino Uno sets up pins for sensor input and
servo motor output.
STEP-2:
Waste Detection:
- Ultrasonic sensor continuously measures the
distance to detect the presence of waste.
- If waste is detected within the specified range,
the system proceeds to the next step.
STEP-3:
Segregation:
- The servo motor rotates to open or close the
segregation gate based on the type of waste
detected.
- Dry waste: The gate remains closed, allowing
waste to fall into the dry waste bin.
- Wet waste: The gate opens, diverting waste
into the wet waste bin.
STEP-4:
Feedback:
- Once the waste is segregated, the system may
provide feedback, such as LED indicators or
display messages, indicating successful
segregation.

CODING:
#include <Servo.h>
Servo servo1;
const int trigPin = 12;
const int echoPin = 11;
long duration;
int distance=0;
int potPin = A0; //input pin
int soil=0;
int fsoil;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
//Serial.print("Humidity");
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
servo1.attach(8);
}
void loop()
{
int soil=0;
for(int i=0;i<2;i++)
{
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(7);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(10);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance= duration*0.034/2+distance;
delay(10);
}
distance=distance/2;
Serial.println(distance);
if (distance <15 && distance>1)
{
delay(1000);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
soil = analogRead(potPin) ;
soil = constrain(soil, 485, 1023);
fsoil = (map(soil, 485, 1023, 100, 0))+fsoil;
delay(75);
}
fsoil=fsoil/3;
Serial.println(fsoil);
Serial.print("%");
if(fsoil>3)
{delay(1000);
Serial.print("WET ");
servo1.write(180);
delay(3000);}
else{ delay(1000);
Serial.print("dry ");
servo1.write(0);
delay(3000);}
servo1.write(90);}
distance=0;
fsoil=0;delay(1000);
}
PROJECT PROTOTYPE:
APPLICATION:
1. Smart Waste Bins: Install smart waste bins
equipped with sensors for garbage segregation in
public places like parks, streets, and commercial
areas.
2. Sensor Integration: Each bin is equipped with
sensors to detect the type of waste being disposed
of: organic, recyclable, or non-recyclable.
3. Microcontroller Unit: Use a microcontroller unit
(like Arduino or Raspberry Pi) to process the
sensor data and control the segregation
mechanism.

CHALLENGES :
1. Lack of Awareness: Many people are unaware
of the importance and benefits of garbage
segregation.
Without proper education and awareness
campaigns, people may not understand the need to
segregate waste.
2. Behavioral Resistance: Some individuals may
resist segregating their waste due to inconvenience
or lack of motivation. Breaking old habits and
adopting new ones can be challenging.
3. Infrastructure and Resources:Implementing
garbage segregation requires appropriate
infrastructure, such as separate bins for different
types of waste, as well as resources for collection,
transportation, and processing. Developing
andmaintaining such infrastructure can be costly.

BENEFITS:
⁠1. Effective Recycling: Segregating waste at the
source makes recycling more efficient. It allows
recyclable materials such as paper, plastics, glass,
and metals to be collected separately, reducing
contamination and improving the quality of
recycled products.
2. Reduction of Landfill Waste: By diverting
recyclable and organic waste from landfills,
segregation helps reduce the amount of waste sent
for disposal. This extends the lifespan of landfills,
conserves land resources, and reduces
environmental pollution.
3. Resource Conservation: Recycling materials
conserves natural resources
by reducing the need for raw materials extraction.
It also saves energy compared to producing new
materials from scratch, contributing to energy
conservation and lower greenhouse gas emissions.

FUTURE TRENDS:
1. Smart Waste Management Systems:
Integration of Internet of Things (loT) technology
and sensors in waste bins to monitor fill levels,
optimize collection routes, and detect
contamination. These systems can provide real-
time data for efficient waste management.
2. Automated Sorting Facilities:
Implementation of robotic sorting systems in waste
processing facilities to improve the efficiency and
accuracy of material separation. Advanced
technologies such as artificial intelligence (Al) and
machine learning can enhance sorting capabilities.
3. Biodegradable Packaging: Increased use of
biodegradable and compostable packaging
materials to reduce waste generation and
contamination. Innovations in sustainable
packaging solutions will support efforts towards
zero-waste goals.
In conclusion, garbage segregation is a crucial
practice for effective waste management and
environmental sustainability. By separating waste
into different categories such as organic,
recyclable, and non-recyclable, communities can
unlock numerous benefits.
Firstly, garbage segregation promotes efficient
recycling by ensuring that recyclable materials are
collected separately, reducing contamination and
improving the quality of recycled products.
This conserves natural resources, saves energy,
and reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated
with the production of new materials.
Secondly, segregation helps reduce the amount of
waste sent to landfills, extending their lifespan and
minimizing environmental pollution. By diverting
organic waste for composting and recycling
materials, communities can significantly reduce
their ecological
REFERENCE

 https://youtu.be/4v320fWe-
wo?si=cmor3DV_7U5CteQk

 https://nevonprojects.com/
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.20
08.07.015

 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5829/idos
i.aejaes.2013.13.04.1943