CC-XIII ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

UNIT-I
Maxwell Equations: Maxwell’s equations, Displacement Current, Vector and
Scalar Potentials, Gauge Transformations: Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge,
Boundary Conditions at Interface between Different Media, Wave Equations, Plane Waves in
Dielectric Media, Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector,
Electro- magnetic (EM) Energy Density, Physical Concept of Electromagnetic
Field Energy Density
UNIT-II
EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Plane EM waves through vacuum and
isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature of plane EM waves, refractive index and
dielectric constant, wave impedance, Propagation through conducting media, relaxation
time, skin depth, Electrical conductivity of ionized gases, plasma frequency, refractive
index, skin depth, application to propagation through ionosphere.
UNIT-III
EM Wave in Bounded Media: Boundary conditions at a plane interface between two
media, Reflection and Refraction of plane waves at plane interface between two dielectric
media, Laws of Reflection and Refraction, Fresnel’s Formulae for perpendicular and
parallel polarization cases, Brewster’s law, Reflection and Transmission coefficients, Total
internal reflection, evanescent waves, Metallic reflection (normal Incidence)
UNIT IV
Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves: Description of Linear, Circular and
Elliptical Polarization, Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals, Light Propagation in
Uniaxial Crystal, Double Refraction, Polarization by Double Refraction, Nicol
Prism, Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices, Production and detection of
Plane, Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light,
Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half- Wave Plates. Babinets Compensator and
its Uses, Analysis of Polarized Light.
Rotatory Polarization: Optical Rotation, Biots Laws for Rotatory Polarization, Fresnels
Theory of optical rotation, Calculation of angle of rotation, Experimental verification of
Fresnels theory, Specific rotation, Laurents half- shade polarimeter.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffiths ( Pearson)-2015
2. Principles of Optics- Max Born and E. Wolf- Cambridge University Press-1999
 CC-XIV

STATISTICAL MECHANICS

UNIT- I
Classical Statistics-I: Macrostate and Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble, Micro
canonical, Canonical and Grand Canonical ensemble, Phase Space, Entropy and
Thermodynamic Probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function.
UNIT- II
Classical Statistics-II : Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, classical Entropy
Expression, Gibbs Paradox, Sackur Tetrode equation, Law of equi partition of Energy (with
proof)- Applications to Specific Heat and its Limitations, Thermodynamic Functions of a
two energy levels system, Negative Temperature.
UNIT-III
Quantum Statistics: Identical particles, macrostates and microstates, Fermions and Bosons,
Bose Einstein distribution function and Fermi- Dirac distribution function. Bose- Einstein
Condensation, Bose deviation from Plancks law, Effect of temperature on Fermi-Dirac
distribution function, degenerate Fermi gas, Density of States Fermi energy.
UNIT-IV
Radiation: Properties of Thermal Radiation, Blackbody Radiation, Pure Temperature
dependence, Kirchhoffs law, Stefan Boltzmann law: Thermodynamic proof, Radiation
Pressure, Weins Displacement law, Wiens distribution Law, Sahas Ionization Formula,
Rayleigh Jeans Law, Ultra Violet catastrophe.
Plancks Law of Black body Radiation: Experimental verification, Deduction of
(1) Wiens Distribution Law, (2) Rayleigh Jeans Law, (3) Stefan Boltzmann Law,
(4) Weins Displacement Law from Plancks Law.
Text Books:
1. Introduction to Statistical Physics by Kerson Huang(Wiley).-2008 2. Statistical
Physics ,Berkeley Physics Course, F.Reif (Tata McGraw-Hill)2017
ReferenceBooks:
1. Statistical Mechanics, B.K.Agarwal and Melvin Eisner (New Age Inter- national)-2013
2. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics: Francis
W.Sears and Gerhard L. Salinger (Narosa) 1998
3. Statistical Mechanics: R.K.Pathria and Paul D. Beale (Academic Press)-
2011
UNIT-III

Detector for nuclear radiations: Detector for nuclear radiations: Gas detectors:
estimation of electric field, mobilityof particle, for ionization chamber and GM Counter.
Basic Principle of Scintillation Detectors and Construction of photomultiplier tube (PMT).
Semiconductor Detectors (Si and Ge) for charge Particle and photo detection (Concept of
charge carrier and mobility), neutron detector. Particle Accelerators: Van-de Graff
generator (Tandem Accelerator), Lin- ear accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons

UNIT-IV

Particle Physics: Particle interactions, basic features, types of particles and its families,
Symmetries and conservation laws: Energy and momentum, angular momentum, parity,
baryon number, Lepton number, Isospin, strangeness and charm, Elementary ideas of
quarks and gluons.

Text Books:
1. Introduction to Nuclear Physics By Roy and Nigam-2014
2. Atomic and Nuclear Physics- N.Subramanyam, Brij Lal and Jivan Seshan (S. Chand
Publishing)-2007 Reference Books:
1. Introduction to Modern Physics- H.S.Mani and G.K. Mehta(Affilated east and west) -
2018
2. Introductory nuclear Physics-Kenneth S. Krane (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd)-1987
3. Introduction to Elementary Particles-D. Griffith (John Wiley and Sons)-2008
4. Concepts of Nuclear Physics - Bernard L. Cohen. (Tata Mcgraw Hill). 2017
5. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser ( McGraw Hill)-2017

Discipline Specific Elective Paper- III

Nano Materials and Applications
UNIT-I

Nanoscale Systems: Length scales in physics, Nanostructures: 1D, 2D and 3D

nanostructures (nanodots, thin films, nanowires, nanorods), Band structure and density of
states of materials at nanoscale, size effects in nano systems, Quantum confinement
Applications of Schrodinger equation-infinite potential well, potential step, potential box,
quantum confinement of carriers in 3D, 2D, 1D nanostructure and its consequences.
UNIT-II

Synthesis of Nanostructure Materials: Top down and bottoms up approach, Photo

lithography Ball milling. Gas phase condensation, Vacuum deposition, Physical vapour
deposition (PVT): Thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation,
Pulsed Laser deposition, Chemical vapour deposition (CVD), Sol-Gel
Electrodeposition,Spraypyrolysis,Hydrothemalsynthesis,Preparationthrough colloidal
methods, MBE growth of quantum dots.

UNIT-III

Characterization: X-Ray Diffraction, Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy,

Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning
Tunneling Microscopy

UNIT-IV

Applications: Applications of nano particles, quantum dots, nanowires and thin films
for photonic devices (LED, solar cells). Single electron devices (no derivation). CNT based
transistors. Nonmaterial Devices: Quantum dots hetero structure lasers, optical switching
and optical data storage. Magnetic quantum well; magnetic dotsmagmetic data storage.
Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), Nano Electromechanical Systems (NEMS)

Text Books:
1. S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices (Capital
Publishing Company)-3rd Edition 2014
2. Nano science and nano technology, K.K. Choudhary (Narosa)-2016

Reference Books:
1. Nano Science and nano technology, Sundar Singh (Pragati Prakashan)-2017
2. C.P. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.)-
2007
3. Richard Booker, Earl Boysen, Nanotechnology(John Wiley and Sons)-2005
4. M. Hosokawa, K. Nogi, M. Naita, T. Yokoyama, Nanoparticle Technology Handbook
(Elsevier, 2007)
5. K.K. Chattopadhya and A. N. Banerjee, Introduction to Nanoscience and
Technology (PHI Learning Private Limited)-2009
 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1V Project
OR
Basic Instrumentation
Basic Instrumentation

UNIT-I
Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc.
Errors in measurements and loading effects.
Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage and dc current, ac volt- age, ac current and
resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance.
Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurement
with respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block
diagramonly).Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance.
AC mill voltmeter: Type of AC mill voltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifieramplifier.
Block diagram ac mill voltmeter, specifications and their significance.
UNIT-II
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT,
Electron gun, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only no mathematical
treatment), brief discussion on screen phosphor, visual persistence and chemical
composition. Time base operation, synchronization. Front panel controls.
Specifications of a CRO and their significance.
Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Special
features of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage
Oscilloscope: Block diagram and principle ofworking.
UNIT-III
Signal Generators and Analytical Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and
specifications of low frequency signal generators, pulse generator, and function generator, Brief
idea for testing, specifications, Distortion factor meter, wave analysis.
UNIT-IV
Digital Instruments: Principle and working of digital meters, Comparison of analog and
digital instruments, Characteristics of a digital meter, Working principles of digital
voltmeter.
Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter, Working
principle of time interval, frequency and period measurement using
universalcounter/frequencycounter,time-basestability,accuracyandresolution.

The test of lab skills will be of the following test items:

1. Use of an oscilloscope.
2. CRO as a versatile measuring device.
3. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,
4. Use of Digital multimeter /VTVM for measuring voltages
5. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,
6. Winding a coil /transformer.
7. Study the layout of receiver circuit.
8. Trouble shooting a circuit
9. Balancing of bridges
Laboratory Exercises:
1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage across a low
resistance and high resistance.
2. To observe the limitations of a multimeter for measuring high frequency voltage and
currents.
3. To measure Q of a coil and its dependence on frequency, using a Q-meter.
4. Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period and phase angle using CRO.
5. Measurement of time period, frequency, average period using universal counter/
frequency counter.
6. Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using a CRO.
7. MeasurementofdistortionofaRFsignalgeneratorusingdistortionfactor meter.
8. Measurement of R, L and Cusinga LCR bridge/universal bridge.
Open Ended Experiments:
1. Using a Dual Trace Oscilloscope
2. Converting the range of a given measuring instrument (voltmeter,
ammeter) More emphasis should be given on hands-on experiments.
Text Books:
1. A Text Books book of electrical technology-B.L.Theraja and A.K. Theraja (S. Chand
Publishing)-2014
2. Digital circuits and systems Venugopal (Tata McGraw Hill)-2011
Reference Books
:
1. Digital Electronics-Subrata Ghoshal (Cengage Learning)-2017
2. Electronic Devices and circuits - S. Salivahanan and N. S.Kumar (Tata Mc-Graw Hill)-
2012
3. Electronic Devices-Thomas L. Floyd (Pearson)-2015
Additional Reference Books for Practical papers:
1. An advanced course in Practical Physics- Chattopadhayay, RakshitCentral-2013
2. Practical Physics-B.B.Swain (Kitab Mahal)-2014
3. Advanced practical Physics-B.Ghosh and KG Majumdar (Vol. I and II)Shreedhar
Publication-2004
4. ALaboratoryManualofPhysicsforUndergraduateClasses,D.P.Khandelwal (Vani
Publication)-1985
5. B.Sc. Practical Physics- C.L.Arora (S.Chand Publishing)-2010
6. B.Sc. Practical Physics H. Singh and P.S. Hemne (S. Chand Publishing)-2002