1.

TESTS ON 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

EXP.NO1.4: DATE:

CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR

OBJECTIVE: Experimentally determine various parameters of 3Ø slip ring induction motor with the help of
circle diagram by conducting no load and blocked rotor test.
LEARNING OUTCOME: Demonstrate the skill of planning and organizing experimental setup for three
phase Induction Motors and observe various parameters, their variations, sketch
them graphically and draw the circle Diagram
THEORY:
A circle diagram is defined as a graphical tool that shows how an electrical machine works. It’s used for
transformers, alternators, synchronous motors, and induction motors. This diagram helps us understand the
machine’s performance under different conditions, making it easier to grasp than complex theories and math.
Importance of Circle Diagram
A circle diagram gives information that a regular phasor diagram doesn’t. A phasor diagram shows the
relationship between current and voltage for just one circuit condition. If the condition changes, we have to
redraw it. A circle diagram, however, shows multiple conditions on one plane. For induction motors, it displays
details like power output, power factor, torque, slip, speed, copper loss, and efficiency in a clear, graphical form
Test Performed to Compute Data Required for Drawing Circle Diagram
To draw a circle diagram, we perform no-load and blocked rotor tests on an induction motor.

No-load Test

This test is similar to the open circuit or no load test of transformer. The purpose of this test is to determine
the no load losses, no load power factor and constant RO and XO of the equivalent circuit.
The no load losses include the frictional and windage loss, core loss and a small copper loss in stator
winding. As the slip of no load is very small and negligible, the rotor copper loss is negligible as rotor current at
no load is very small and neglected. In this test normal rated voltage is applied to the stator winding and the
rotor is allowed to rotate freely without any mechanical load on its shaft.
Since the motor is not supplying any load, the no load current is small and stator copper losses are
negligible. The input power WO equals mechanical and core losses.

Blocked Rotor Test

This test is similar to short circuit (S.C) of transformer.

The purpose of this test is to determine the short circuit current for normal voltage, SC power factor and
equivalent circuit constants total resistance RO1 and XO1 of the motor as referred to stator.
The rotor in this test is prevented from rotating by a brake and therefore it is called “blocked rotor test”.
The induction motor in this case acts like a short circuited transformer.
 A low voltage supply is applied to the stator, so that full load rated current flows in the stator. The power
input WSC as the Short circuit power and the short circuit current corresponding to the rated voltage can be
calculated by direct proportion.
Formulae:
The input Power = WO = W1 + W2

Stator copper loss = 3IO2 R1

We have no load input power WO=√3 VIO CosØO
CosØO =WO / (√3 VIO)
In phase component of load current = IO CosØO
Magnetizing component of load current = IO SinØO
Resistance in Magnetizing circuit = Voltage per phase/ IO CosØO
Magnetizing reactance = Voltage per phase/ IO SinØO

Wo
Phase angle for no-load condition Øo 
3 V o Io
PSC
Phase angle for blocked rotor condition ØSC  3 VSC ISC
𝑽𝑶
Current drawn if rated voltage is applied at blocked rotor condition ISN  ISC
𝑽𝑺𝑪
𝑽𝑶
Power input at rated voltage and motor in the blocked rotor condition PSN = PSC [ ]
𝑽𝑺𝑪
NAME PLATE DETAILS: 3Ø Squirrel cage induction motor:

Parameter Rating
HP/KW
Voltage
Current
Speed

APPARATUS:

S. No. Item Type Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MI 0-10A 01
2 Voltmeter MI 0-600V 01
3 Wattmeter Dynamometer (UPF) 0-600V/10A 02
4 Wattmeter Dynamo meter (LPF) 0-600V/10A 02
5 3Ø auto transformer 0-415V/470V/15A 01
6 Tachometer Digital 0-5000 RPM 01
7 Connecting wires Required
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
NO LOAD TEST:

Circuit diagram for No Load Test

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Circuit diagram for Blocked Rotor Test

PROCEDURE:

NO LOAD TEST:

Connect the circuit as per given diagram.

1. Close the TPST switch.
2. At the time of starting the three phase auto transformer is kept at the minimum position.
3. The three phase auto transformer is adjusted to get the rated voltage and run the motor at rated speed.
4. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeters.
5. Bring the three phase auto transformer to its initial position.
6. Open the TPST switch.

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Connect the circuit as per given diagram.

1. Close the TPST switch
2. At the time of starting the three phase auto transformer is kept at the minimum position
3. The rotor is locked by tightening the belt over the brake drum.
4. The three phase auto transformer is adjusted to get the full load or rated current in the stator.
5. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeters.
6. Bring the three phase auto transformer to its initial position.
7. Open the TPST switch
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The three phase auto transformer kept at minimum position, when the motor is starting or stopping time.
2. If wattmeter reading shows negative, switch off the supply and interchange the wattmeter terminal
M & L connections.
3. For no load test ensure that there is no load in brake drum For blocked rotor test, the belt should be
tightened to prevent the rotation of rotor
CIRCLE DIAGRAM PROCEDURE:
The no load current IO and no load power factor CosØO is obtained from no load test. The short circuit
current ISC for Voltage VSC and its power factor CosØSC can be found out from blocked rotor test. This
current must be converted corresponding rated voltage V1 of the motor.
Short circuit current for normal voltage ISN = ISC [V1/VSC] Amps
Short circuit power for normal voltage WSN = WSC [V1/VSC] 2 Watts

1. Draw a vertical line representing rated voltage V1 (reference vector)

2. Select a suitable scale for current. Draw line OA lagging V1 by an angle ØO equal to no load current IO.
3. Draw line OB lagging V1 by an angle ØSC equal to short circuit current for normal voltage (ISN).
Vector OB represents the rotor current I2' as referred to stator.
 4. Join AB which represents the output line of motor.
5. A perpendicular bisector of the line AB is drawn cutting the horizontal line AD (drawn from A) at the
point C, which is the center of the circle. Then with C as center and CA as radius, draw a semi circle
ABD.
6. Draw a vertical line from the point B so as to meet the line AD at point F.
7. Divide the BF in the ratio of rotor copper losses to stator copper losses at the point E.
8. Location of point E.
Wound Rotor:
Let R1 and R2= Stator and Rotor resistance/phase respectively
I1 and I2= Stator and Rotor currents respectively
𝑩𝑬 𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝑰𝟐 𝟐
Then = = = [ ]
𝑬𝑭 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑰𝟏𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟏 𝑰𝟏

9. Full load efficiency, Slip and Speed:

Draw a vertical line from point P, then PM and PK respectively represents the output and input of the
motor. JK represents fixed losses. MN and NJ represents rotor copper loss and stator copper loss.
𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑷𝑴
Efficiency = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑷𝑲
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒄𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑴𝑵
Full Load Slip = =
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝑷𝑵

10. Maximum Output:

Draw a line parallel to output line AB tangent to semi circle; the actual point of H is obtained by
drawing a perpendicular to the tangent drawn from the center C; now HI is the maximum output
11. Maximum torque:
It is also called stalling torque or pull out torque. Draw a line parallel to torque line AE tangent to the
semi circle. The actual point of contact R is obtained by drawing a perpendicular to the tangent drawn from
center C now RS is the maximum torque.
 FROM CIRCLE DIAGRAM:

Full load line current OP = ___________ cm X current scale = ____________ A

Current scale = 1cm =___________A
IO =__________ cm
ISN =__________cm
Now this power is equal to the length of the line,
BG =__________cm (from circle diagram)
𝑾𝒔𝒄
Power scale = 1cm= =________watts
𝑩𝑮
Full load efficiency = _______________%
Maximum output =__________________ watts
Maximum torque =____________________N-M

MEASUREMENT OF STATOR WINDING RESISTANCE (R1):

Note: By using multimeter find the stator resistance at motor terminals

OBSERVATIONS:

NO LOADTEST:

No Load Voltage No Load current Observe value Actual value

S.NO WO =W1+W2
(Vo) (Io) W1 W2 W1 W2
Volts Amps Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts

BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:

Short Circuit Observe value Actual value

Short Circuit
S.NO Voltage Wsc =W1+W2
current (Isc) W1 W2 W1 W2
(Vsc)
Volts Amps Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts

Note: Actual value= Multiplication factor of Wattmeter*Wattmeter reading

RESULT:

Signature of the Faculty

 PRE-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS

1. Blocked rotor test is conducted to find the ____________

a. leakage impedance
b. leakage reactance
c. stator impedance
d. rotor impedance
2. In the below circle diagram, OG represents?

a. Rated torque
b. Maximum torque
c. Rated power output
d. Losses
3. In the following circle diagram of the induction motor, QN is the ____________

a. rotor current referred to stator

b. stator current
c. stator current referred to rotor
d. no load input to rotor
4. In the circle diagram for induction motor, the diameter of the circle represents?
a. Slip
b. Rotor current
c. Running torque
d. Line voltage
5. Which is of the following data is required to draw the circle diagram for an induction motor?
a. Block rotor test only
b. No load test only
c. Block rotor test and no-load test
d. Block rotor test, no-load test and stator resistance test

POST-EXPERIMENT QUESTIONS:

1. What are the advantages of the slip ring motor?

2. Why do you choose LPF wattmeter in load test and UPF wattmeter in blocked rotor test?
3. What are the various applications of this motor?
4. What is the objective of conducting this experiment?

KEY COMPETENCIES:
 Draw the circuit diagram for No-load test and Blocked rotor test
 Make the connections for no-load test and Blocked rotor test as per the circuit diagram
 Start the motor without load
 Apply the rated voltage to the motor in the no-load test and rated current to the blocked rotor test.
 During the Blocked rotor test fully tighten the rotor shaft
 Record the meter readings
 Verify the performance of the machine.
 Draw the circle diagram on a graph sheet using the test data
 Select proper scale to draw the circle diagram

ANSWERS FOR PRE-TEST QUESTIONS:

1. a 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. d

EVALUATION:

Description Marks Allotted Marks Awarded

Identification 3
operation 3
Performance / result & viva-voce. 4
TOTAL 10
DIGITAL INFORMATION:

Topic Web link QR code

Circle Diagram
of 3-phase https://youtu.be/5YdT6w4RLsE?si=4gg0TuIJYDGgCSBw
squirrel cage
induction motor

No Load Test https://youtu.be/_ijBtYh372I?si=gkSs58tmaAFj3ciY

Blocked Rotor https://youtu.be/Fz4qpcxMkKw?si=pVB65jXB1U58Dig-

Test