Deccan Education Society’s

FERGUSSON COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), PUNE

Learning Outcomes-Based Curriculum

for 3/4 years B. Sc. / B. Sc. (Honours) Programme
as per guidelines of
NEP-2020

for
S. Y. B. Sc. (Geology)
With effect from Academic Year
2024-2025

[1]
 Program Outcomes (POs) for B. Sc. Programme
PO1 Disciplinary Knowledge:
Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of the disciplines that form a part of a
graduate programme. Execute strong theoretical and practical understanding
generated from the specific graduate programme in the area of work.
PO2 Critical Thinking and Problem solving:
Exhibit the skills of analysis, inference, interpretation and problem-solving by
observing the situation closely and design the solutions.
PO3 Social competence:
Display the understanding, behavioural skills needed for successful social
adaptation, work in groups, exhibits thoughts and ideas effectively in writing and
orally.
PO4 Research-related skills and Scientific temper:
Develop the working knowledge and applications of instrumentation and laboratory
techniques. Able to apply skills to design and conduct independent experiments,
interpret, establish hypothesis and inquisitiveness towards research.
PO5 Trans-disciplinary knowledge:
Integrate different disciplines to uplift the domains of cognitive abilities and
transcend beyond discipline-specific approaches to address a common problem.
PO6 Personal and professional competence:
Performing dependently and also collaboratively as a part of team to meet
defined objectives and carry out work across interdisciplinary fields. Execute
interpersonal relationships, self-motivation and adaptability skills and commit
to professionalethics.
PO7 Effective Citizenship and Ethics:
Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity centred national development,
and ability to act with an informed awareness of moral and ethical issues and
commit to professional ethics and responsibility.
PO8 Environment and Sustainability:
Understand the impact of the scientific solutions in societal and environmental
contexts and demonstrate the knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
PO9 Self-directed and Life-long learning:
Acquire the ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest
context of socio-technological changes.

[2]
 PSO Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
No. Upon completion of this programme the student will be able to
PSO1 Academic competence:
(i) Describe the knowledge of physical and chemical properties of lithosphere and
hydrosphere (minerals, rocks, soils and water etc.).
(ii) Demonstrate the knowledge of geologic time and earth’s history; dynamics of
crustal materials with respect to Plate Tectonics theory, outline of regional geology of
India.
(iii) Articulate the methods of science and explain why current scientific knowledge is
both contestable and testable by further inquiry and to appraise the relationship between
different science communities of practice. Pursue further learning in
Geology with reasonable knowledge, skills and interest.
PSO2 Personal and Professional Competence:
(i) Demonstrate the competence in fundamental geological skills like- identification of
various minerals and rocks in hand specimens and under the microscope.
(ii) Express clearly and convincingly about ideas of science and technology.
PSO3 Research Competence
(i) Interpret analytically aerial photographs, toposheets and satellite data.
(ii) Interpret geological maps and construction of cross section, collection of field
data and laboratory data.
PSO4 Entrepreneurial and Social competence
(i) Evaluate data of the societal relevance of earth systems and the processes.
(ii) Apply the knowledge of geology in the fields of Engineering, Mining,
Hydrogeology and other areas to solve the problems.
(iii) Collaborate in various geological services with demonstration of true values of
leadership, co-operation, hard work, teamwork etc. during the field works, surveys and
field visits.
(iv) Illustrate overall personality traits like stage daring, communication skills,
presentation which is essential for future career.

[3]
 Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune
Second Year Curriculum as per NEP 2020
Department of Geology
Structure for Major / Minor

Semester Paper Paper Code Paper Title Type Credits

III Major GLY-201 Structural Geology & Tectonics Theory 4
GLY-200 Geology Practical-3 Practical 2
Minor GLY-211 Rocks and Minerals of the Theory 2
World
GLY-212 Geology Practical-3 Theory 2
OE GLY-220 Weather and Climate Change Theory 2
VSC GLY-230 Geogenic Disasters and Their Theory 2
Management
SEC GLY-240 Study of Maps Theory 2
CEP GLY-245 Community Engagement 2
Program
IV Major GLY-251 Principles of Stratigraphy and Theory 4
Palaentology
GLY-250 Practical-4 Practical 2
Minor GLY-261 Rocks Structures and Theory 2
Stratigraphy
GLY-262 Minor Practical-4 Practical 2
OE GLY-270 World of Fossils Theory 2
VSC GLY-280 Techniques in Sedimentology Theory 2
SEC GLY-290 Gemmology Theory 2

*OE – Open Elective, SEC- Skill Enhancement Course, VSC- Vocational Skill Course,
CEP- Community Engagement Program, FP- Field Project

Teaching and Evaluation (Only for FORMAL education courses)

[4]
Course No. of Hours per No. of Hours per Maximum CE ESE
Credits Semester Week Marks
Theory/Practical Theory/Practical 40 % 60%
1 15 / 30 1/2 25 10 15
2 30 / 60 2/4 50 20 30
3 45 / 90 3/6 75 30 45
4 60 / 120 4/8 100 40 60

Eligibility: As per the rules and regulations of Savitribai Phule Pune University (SPPU)

[5]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-201 Structural Geology & Tectonics Credits:04

(Major-Theory) Hours:60

Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s

On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 State various types of forces involved in deformation of rocks, 1
describe attitude of structures and the interior of the earth along with
their physical and chemical properties.
CO2 Distinguish types of deformational structures and explain Earth’s 2
magnetic field and the theory of plate tectonics.
CO3 Analyze the processes involved in plate movements and formation of 3
deformational structures.
CO4 Classify deformational structures based on their characteristics 4
features and the characteristic features of tectonic plates.
CO5 Evaluate the processes involved in formation of deformational 5
structures and the nature of boundaries of tectonic plates.
CO6 Prepare a report of structural data collected during field work and 6
reconstruct plate movements.

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents Number of

Hours
I A) Introduction to Structural Geology 15
 Introduction- Definition and its relation with other branches of
geology, Scale of tectonic structures (Micro, Meso, Macro
Regional)
 Introduction to concepts of Force, Stress, Strain and types of
deformations (Brittle, Elastic, plastic, ductile)
 Planar/Linear Structures- Attitude of planar feature- Strike and
Dip, Attitude of Linear Feature, Bearing, Plunge and Rake of
Lineation and linear structures.
 Determination of Top of Beds with The Help of Primary
Structures (Sedimentary & Igneous)
 Unconformities: Definition and types

II B) Deformation Structures 15
 Definition, Elements, Types and Nature of – Joints, Fractures,
Shear zones, Faults and Folds

[6]
III C) Interior of the earth 15
 Evolution and Structure of Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Core
etc.
 Lithosphere – Asthenosphere Interactions
 Concept of Isostasy
 Earth’s Magnetic field and its application
 Historical background of the plate tectonics theory

IV D) Plate tectonics 15
 Characteristics of lithospheric plates, Concept of plate margin
and plate boundary.
 Types of plate boundaries - (Divergent, Convergent &
 Transform fault -description & examples)
 Present motion of world’s large plates.
 Concept of triple junctions with their examples.
 Concept of plate tectonics.
References:
1. Jain, A.K., (2014) An introduction to structural geology.
Textbook series in
Geological Sciences for Graduate Students, Geological
Society of India, Bangalore
2. Billings, M.P., (1972) Structural Geology. Prentice Hall
3. Davis, G.R., (1984) Structural Geology of Rocks and
Region. John Wiley
4. Patwardhan, A.M. (2012) The dynamic Earth System, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd.,
5. Moores E.M. and Twiss R.J. (1995) Tectonics, W. H.
Freeman
6. Condie, K.C. (1989) Plate Tectonics &Crustal Evolution,
Butterworth-Heinemann
7. Badgley, P. C. (1965) Structural & Tectonic Principles,
Harper &Row
8. Valdiya K.S. (2014) Making of India, Springer.
9. Helmut G.F. Winkler (1967, 1986), Petrogenesis of
metamorphic rocks, springer verlag

[7]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-200 Geology Practical - 3 Credits: 02

(Major -Practical) Hours: 60

Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s

On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Identify different tectonic boundaries on world map. 1

CO2 Describe the geology from the geological map. 2

CO3 Calculate attitude of beds from given structural data. 3

CO4 Analyze geological maps with a series of horizontal beds and inclined 4
beds.
CO5 Measure attitude and thickness of beds from geological maps. 5

CO6 Construct litho sections and biostratigraphic charts from given data. 6

Expt. No. Title of Experiment

1 Structural Problems I- involving hill slope (hill slope given/ hill slope to be
determined), true dip, true thickness, true width of outcrop and vertical thickness of
the bed.
2 Structural Problems II- involving true and apparent Dip, true and apparent thickness,
true and apparent width of outcrop and vertical thickness of the bed (True dip & true
thickness/ Vertical thickness/ width of the outcrop given).
3 Structural Problems III- involving true and apparent dip of the bed-
i) True dip of the bed given- To find out apparent dip amount in the
given apparent dip direction
ii) True dip of the bed given- To determine apparent dip direction for given apparent
dip amount.
iii) Two apparent dip amounts in two different directions given-
To find out strike direction, true dip direction and true dip amount.
Note- (Problems II and III to be solved by using descriptive geometry method
involving construction of vertical section in desired directions)
4 Study of tectonic plates, plate boundaries, hot spots and triple junctions on the world
map.
5 Study of geological maps with a series of horizontal beds
6 Study of geological maps with a conformable series.
7 Study of geological maps with a conformable series.
8 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one vertical dyke.
9 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one vertical dyke.
10 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one or two vertical faults.
11 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one or two vertical faults.
12 Revision

[8]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-211 Rocks and Minerals of the World Credits:02

(Minor-Theory) Hours:30
Course Outcomes (Cos) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe various physical properties, optical properties, crystal 1
parameters in minerals and uses of rocks.
CO2 Compare various crystals based on symmetry, symmetry functions 2
and explain crystal systems, mineral groups and rocks based on
physical and optical properties.
CO3 Apply the understanding of physical, optical and other properties to 3
determine the different groups and crystal systems and types of
rocks.
CO4 Explain industrial applications and economic importance of various 4
minerals and rocks.
CO5 Compare minerals and rocks on the basis of the different properties 5
and estimate a few physical properties like hardness and specific
gravity of minerals.
CO6 Prepare a report about rock and mineral samples in the field 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of

Hours
I MINERALOGY 15
A] Physical properties of minerals:
 Colour, streak, lustre, cleavage and partings, fracture,
form, hardness and specific gravity
 Properties based on magnetism, electrical properties,
and radioactivity, Luminescence (Phosphorescence
and Fluorescence)
B] Optical mineralogy:
 Nature of light – ordinary and plane polarized light,
Double refraction of light (with the help of calcite
crystal), Nicol’s prism and polaroids, Petrological
microscope, Opaque and Non opaque Minerals,
Introduction to optical properties: – In plane
polarized light and in between crossed nicols
C] Crystallography:
 Definition and conditions conducive for the
formation of crystals.
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  Crystal morphology – faces, forms, edges, solid
angles, interfacial angle and its measurement by
contact goniometer, law of constancy of interfacial
angle.
 Symmetry of crystals – Elements of Symmetry-Plane,
axis and center of symmetry; crystallographic and
geometrical symmetry.
 Crystallographic axes, lettering and order of
crystallographic axes, parameters, axial ratio, indices,
parameter system of Weiss, index system of Miller,
Law of rational indices.
 Study of following crystallographic systems with
respect to their elements of symmetry,
crystallographic axes and their forms with indices.
Orthorhombic (Type: Baryte), Tetragonal (Type:
Zircon), Cubic (Type: Galena), Hexagonal (Type: Beryl),
Monoclinic (Type: Gypsum), Triclinic (Type: Axinite)

II SALIENT FEATURES OF PETROLOGY 15

 Diagnostic characters of igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks. Uses of rocks and minerals in:
 Metals
 Gemstones
 Ceramic
 Refractory
 Paint
 Glass
 Cement
 Fertilizer
 Electricals and electronics
 Oil industry
 Pharmaceuticals
 Engineering aspects of rocks
 Geo stone and monuments

[10]
References:
1. Dexter Perkins (1998) Mineralogy. 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education

2. Dana, E. S., and Ford, W. E. (1922) Text Book of

Mineralogy, John Wiley, New York

3. Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. and Zussman, J. (2013) An

Introduction to Rock Forming Minerals, Essex: Longman
Scientific and Technical; New York: Wiley
4. G.B. Mahapatra (2019) A Textbook of Geology, CBS
Publishers & Distributors
5. Tyrrell, G.W. (2022) The Principles of Petrology: An
Introduction to the Science of Rocks, 2nd Ed., AITBS
Publisher
6. Kevin Hefferan and John O’Brien (2010) Earth Materials,
John Wiley & Sons Publication
S. M. Sengupta (2018) Introduction to Sedimentology, 2nd
Edition, CBS Publishers

[11]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-212 Geology Practical-3 Credits:02

(Minor-Practical) Hours:30
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Define the elements of symmetry 1

CO2 Distinguish between crystal systems on the basis of elements of 2

symmetry and forms
CO3 Classify the rocks 3

CO4 Examine different rocks in hand specimens. 4

CO5 Compare different sedimentary rocks under microscope. 5

CO6 Justify the significance of rocks from the mineral composition and 6
texture.

Expt. No. Title of Experiment

1 Study of elements of symmetry

2 Study of crystal system: Orthorhombic Type- Baryte
3 Study of crystal systems: Monoclinic: Type- Gypsum, Triclinic: Type- Axinite
4 Study of crystal systems: Tetragonal: Type- Zircon, Hexagonal: Type –Beryl
5 Study of crystal systems: Cubic: Type- Galena and study of twin crystals
6 Study of various gemstones and their properties
7 Study of igneous textures under microscope and in hand specimens
8 Study of megascopic and microscopic igneous rocks
9 Study of megascopic and microscopic sedimentary rocks
10 Study of sedimentary structures and their significance
11 Study of megascopic and microscopic metamorphic rocks
12 Revision

[12]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-220 Weather and Climate Change Credits:02

Hours:30
(OE-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Define structure of atmosphere and oceans. 1
CO2 Discuss basic concepts related to oceanic and atmospheric 2
circulation.
CO3 Illustrate the use of instruments for weather data collection. 3

CO4 Analyze the types of clouds and oceanic floor features. 4

CO5 Review greenhouse effect, climate change and related concepts. 5

CO6 Compile different types of climate change related data. 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Introduction to Oceans and Atmosphere 15
 Hypsography of ocean floor
 Physical and chemical properties of sea water
 Introduction to thermohaline circulation and ocean
currents and marine economic deposits
 Structure of atmosphere
 Types of winds and global wind circulation
 Insolation and heat budget of the Earth

II Weather and climate 15

 Difference between weather and climate
 Measurement of weather parameters
 Seasons
 Cloud formation and types of clouds
 Monsoon and distribution of precipitation over India and
overview of palaeomonsoon
 Greenhouse effect and global warming: past, present and
future
 Climate change
References:
1. Alan Trujillo and Harold Thurman, (2019) Essentials of
Oceanography, Pearson Publication
2. Wallace, J. M. and Hobbs, P. V. (2006) Atmospheric
Sciences: An introductory Survey, Elsevier Science

[13]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-230 Geogenic Disasters and Their Management Credits:02

Hours:30
(VSC-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Recall the concept of Environmental Geology and Geogenic 1
disaster.
CO2 Discuss the various types of pollution. 2
CO3 Analyse the various environmental issues by taking remedial 3
measures.
CO4 Explain the concept of Environmental Impact Assessment. 4

CO5 Classify the geogenic disaster and evaluate Geogenic disaster 5

prone area.
CO6 Prepare a report on any geogenic disaster prone area. 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Environmental Geology 15
A) Scope, Concepts and Objectives of Environmental Geology
B) Physical, Biological and Socio-geological Environment, Bio-
geochemical cycles.
C) Types of Pollution: Air, Water and Soil Pollution
D) Conservation of Natural Resources
E) Solid Waste Management: Generation, Collection,
Segregation, Characterization, Disposal, Recycling and Reuse,
Its effect with geological perspective.
II Geogenic disasters and hazards 15
A) Definition, type, natural hazards zones, distinction between
hazard and disaster
B) Impact assessment, Natural hazard zonation maps
C) Role of Geologist in disaster management plan
D) Geogenic hazards: Earthquake, Volcanoes, Cyclones,
Floods, Mass movements, Mining Hazards, Coastal Hazards
(Tsunami)
E) Environmental Impact Assessment—Introduction and
Methodology
F) Urban Geology

[14]
References:
1.Valdiya, K.S., (1987) Environmental Geology-
India.Context.Tata McGraw Hill New Delhi.
2. Keller, E.A. (2000) Environmental Geology. Shales E. Merril
Publishing Co., Columbus, Ohio.
3. Montgomery, C., (1984) Environmental Geology. John Wiley
and Sons, London.
4. Bird, Eric, (2000) Coastal Geomorphology: An Introduction.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Singapore.
5. Liu, B.C., 91981) Earthquake Risk and Damage, Westview.
6. Sharma J. P., Environmental Studies, Laxmi Publications(P)
Ltd, New Delhi UGC Document on LOCF Geology 42
7. Urban Geology: Geology & cities.
8. Environmental Impact Assessment by Raman, Gajbhiye and
Khandeshwar (2019)

[15]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-240 Study of Maps Credits:02

Hours:30
(SEC-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Name the different elements of the maps 1
CO2 Compare the different survey instruments 2
CO3 Interpret different types of maps 3

CO4 Infer the contour patterns of various topographic features 4

CO5 Decide a survey method and instruments to be used for map 5

preparation
CO6 Create a map using survey method and instruments 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Introduction to Surveying and mapping 15
Maps-
 History of map making, Types and uses of maps,
Elements of map reading.
 Interpretation of topographical maps: Significance of
map, Index system, Grid reference, Map reading
Component of topographical map- scale, direction,
symbols, coordinates, direction, distance
Identification of land forms. Interpretation of land
use, drainage and settlements pattern
Surveying:
 Definitions and Overview, Role and
importance of surveying, Types of surveys
 Components and Common terms used in various survey
instruments like Dumpy level, Theodolite etc.
II  Preparation of base map by various survey 15
methods like plane table survey, compass survey.
 Interpretation of different maps using the
components of maps like contour pattern,
vegetation, land forms, land use land cover
pattern, geology, drainage pattern etc.

[16]
References:
1. Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, F.J. (1985)
Maps and Diagrams. Methues, London
2. Raisz, E (1962) General Cartography. John
Wiley &Sons, New York.
3. Sharma, J.P. (2001) Prayogik Bhoogol.
Rastogi Pub, Meerut.
4. Singh R.L. & Singh, Rana P B (1993)
Elements of Practical Geography (Hindi &
English editions), Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Singh, LR (2006) Fundamentals of Practical
Geography. Sharda Pustak Bhawan,Allahabad.
6. Kanetkar, T.P. and Kulkarni, S.V. (2010):
Surveying and Leveling Vol. II, Pune Vidyarthi
Publication, Pune.
7. Maslov, AV., Gordeev, A.V. and Batrakov,
Yu.G. (1984): Geodetic surveying, Mir
Publishers, Moscow.
8. Rangwala, S.C. (2011): Surveying and
Leveling, Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Anand,(Gujarat), India
9. Punmia B.C., Jain A. and Jain A. (2011):
Surveying, Vol. II. and III, Laxmi Publication -
New Delhi
10. Survey of India (2009): Handbook of
Topography, Chapter XI, Geographical Maps,
Published by the order of Surveyor General of
India

[17]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-III

GLY-245 Community Engagement Program Credits:02

Hours:30
(CEP)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 1
CO2 2
CO3 3

CO4 4

CO5 5
CO6 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I 15

II 15

References:

[18]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-251 Principles of Stratigraphy and Palaentology Credits:04

Hours:60
(Major-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe various processes involved in the formation of fossils and the 1
concept, various elements of stratigraphy.
CO2 Explain the various types of fossils on the basis of their morphological 2
features and processes of stratification.
CO3 Examine fossils in hand specimens or under microscope and special 3
temporal distribution.
CO4 Classify the microfossils and stratigraphic units 4

CO5 Compare fossils belonging to various phyla and stratigraphic 5

procedures
CO6 Prepare a report on stratigraphic data and fossil samples collected 6
during the study tour.

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents Number of

Hours
I 15
Principles of Stratigraphy and Stratification:
A) Introduction: Definition, Development of stratigraphic
concepts, Importance of Stratigraphy, Various principles of
Stratigraphy
B) Stratigraphic Classification & Nomenclature: Study of
stratigraphic elements, Lithostratigraphy, Chronostratigraphy,
Biostratigraphy, Inter-relationship between lithostratigraphic,
Chronostratigraphic and Bio stratigraphic units.
Introduction to Magnetostratigraphy, Sequence Stratigraphy
C) Methods of Collecting Stratigraphic Data: Outcrop and Sub
surface procedures.
D) Stratification: Introduction to concept of basin, Processes of
stratification, Controlling factors-physical, chemical and
biological, Vertical succession, alternations, varves, cycles.
Stratigraphic Correlation: Definition and evidence for
correlation- physical and palaeontological

II Palaentology: 15
A) Introduction to Palaeontology and Invertebrate
Palaeontology
Palaeontology: Definition, branches, Importance and scope. Fossils:
Definition, conditions and modes of preservation of fossils,
Techniques used in collection (Spot and channel), preservation and
illustration of mega fossils, Uses and Importance of fossils,
Systematic position, morphology of hard parts, geological and
geographical distribution of the following:
Phylum Mollusca:
Class Lamellibranchia or Bivalvia: Morphology of hard parts of the
[19]
 shell, ornamentation and types of hinge lines,
Class Gastropoda: Morphology of hard parts of the shell and forms
of the gastropod shell,
Class Cephalopoda: Morphology of hard parts of Nautilus,
Ammonoids, Belemnites and type of suture lines. Comparison
between Nautilus and Ammonoids. Evolutionary trends in
Ammonoids.

III B) Systematic position, morphology of hard parts, geological and 15

geographical distribution of the following:
Phylum Brachiopoda:
Morphology of hard parts of Class Articulata and Inarticulata. Types of
brachial skeleton, Comparison between Lamellibranchs and
Brachiopods.
Phylum Echinodermata:
Class Echinoidea: Morphology of hard parts of Regularia & irregular.
Variation in the apical disc in echinoids.
Phylum Arthropoda:
Class Trilobita – Morphology of hard parts of Trilobites and
evolutionary trends.
Phylum Coelenterata:
Class Anthozoa- Madreporaria, polyp, medusa, types of septa.
Origin and evolution of life over geological time.
Mass extinction, causes and evidence
Concepts of organic evolution. (Definition, Evidence of evolution,
Macro & Micro evolution, Darwinism, Lamarckism & Mutation).

IV C) Fossils in different depositional environments: 15

Introduction to Micropalaeontology, Definition,types of
microfossils, their size range and composition Different branches of
Micropalaeontology, uses of microfossils
Field and Laboratory Techniques, Field techniques for collection of
microfossils (sampling methods), Laboratory techniques for
separation- Mechanicaland chemicals methods, Recovery of
microfossils from shale and limestone. Separation of microfossils from
coal(maceration), Preservation and Illustration.
Study of the following microfossils: (with respect to their
morphology, environmental and paleo-ecological significance)
Foraminifers, Ostracods, Diatoms and Radiolarian
Palaeobotany:
Introduction to Palaeobotany, Classification of Plants, preservation of
parts of plants, Study of Pollens and Spores
Ichnology:
Ichnofossils its classification, significance
References:
1. Woods, H., 1958, Text Book of Palaeontology (Invertebrate),
Cambridge University Press, UK.
2. Clarkston E.N.K., 1998, Invertebrate Palaeontology and
Evolution, 4th Edition, Wiley – Blackwell, 468p.
3. Brasier, M.D., 2011, Microfossils, Chapman & Hall, 193p.
4. Remer: Vertebrate Palaeontology.
[20]
5. Text- book of Palaeontology, (2022-23) Paperback,P C Jain and
M. S. Anatharaman

6. Krumben and Sloss (1963) Stratigraphy and Sedimentation,

W.H.Freeman
7. Friedman & Sanders, (1978) Principles of Sedimentology.
John Wiley andsons.
8. IUGS Stratigraphic nomenclature
9. GSI stratigraphic nomenclature

[21]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-250 Practical-4 Credits: 02

Hours: 60
(Major-Practical)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Identify different mega fossils on the basis of morphological 1
characters
CO2 Classify various Ichnofossils and microfossils on the basis of 2
morphology
CO3 Interpret the date lithological data. 3

CO4 Examine the microfossils 4

CO5 Measure attitude and thickness of beds from geological maps. 5

CO6 Write a report on different rocks and structural features observed 6

during the study tour.

Expt. No. Title of Experiment

1 Construction of litholog from the given data.

2 Construction of various biostratigraphic charts from the given data
3 Identification of geological features by correlating the lithologs.

4 Interpretation of stratigraphic principles from maps

5 Interpretation of stratigraphic principles from maps with two conformable series.

6 Interpretation of stratigraphic principles from maps with one or two conformable

series and vertical dyke or fault.

7 Study of specimens from

Phylum Mollusca: Class Lamellibranchia, Class Gastropoda,
Class Cephalopoda
8 Study of specimens from
Phylum Brachiopoda, Phylum Echinodermata, Phylum Arthropoda, Phylum
Coelenterata
9 Micropalaeontology- Study of microfossils- Two each from Foraminifera, Ostracoda,
Pollens/ spores
10 Study of Ichnofossils

11 Field work

12 Revision

[22]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-261 Rocks Structures and Stratigraphy Credits:02

Hours:30
(Minor-Theory)
Course Outcomes (Cos) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe forces involved in deformation of rocks, attitude of 1
structures.
CO2 Explain types of deformational structures. 2

CO3 Illustrate deformational structures produced by various 3

deformational.
CO4 Classify stratigraphic units. 4

CO5 Evaluate the processes of stratification. 5

CO6 Prepare a report of stratigraphic data. 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Introduction to Structural Geology 15
 Introduction: Definition and its relation with other branches
of geology, Scale of tectonic structures (Micro, Meso, Macro
Regional)
 Deformation: Introduction to concepts of Force, Stress,
Strain and types of deformations (Brittle, Elastic, plastic,
ductile)
 Planar/Linear Structures: Attitude of planar feature- Strike
and Dip, Attitude of Linear Feature, Bearing, Plunge and
Rake of Lineation and linear structures.
 Unconformities: Definition, types and its significance
 Deformational Structures: Definition, Elements, Types and
Nature of – Joints, Fractures, Shear zones, Faults and Folds

[23]
II 15
Principles of Stratigraphy and Stratification
 Introduction: Definition, Development of stratigraphic
concepts, Importance of Stratigraphy, Various principles
of Stratigraphy
 Stratigraphic Classification & Nomenclature: Study of
stratigraphic elements, Lithostratigraphy,
Chronostratigraphy,Biostratigraphy, Inter-relationship
between lithostratigraphic, Chronostratigraphic and Bio
stratigraphic units.
 Methods of Collecting Stratigraphic Data: Outcrop and
Sub surface procedures.
 Stratification: Introduction to concept of basin,
Processes ofstratification, Controlling factors-physical,
chemical and biological, Vertical succession,
alternations, varves, cycles.
 Stratigraphic Correlation: Definition and evidence for
correlation- physical and palaeontological

References:
1. Jain, A.K., (2014) An introduction to structural geology.
Textbook series in
Geological Sciences for Graduate Students, Geological
Society of India, Bangalore
2. Billings, M.P., (1972) Structural Geology. Prentice Hall
3. Davis, G.R., (1984) Structural Geology of Rocks and
Region. John Wiley
4. Krumben and Sloss (1963) Stratigraphy and
Sedimentation, W.H. Freeman
5. Friedman & Sanders, (1978) Principles of
Sedimentology. John Wiley and sons.
6. IUGS Stratigraphic nomenclature
7. GSI stratigraphic nomenclature

[24]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-262 Practical-4 Credits:02

Hours:30
(Minor-Practical)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Identify the strike and dip direction from the given structural data 1

CO2 Describe the geology from the geological map. 2

CO3 Calculate attitude of beds from given structural data. 3

CO4 Analyze geological maps with a series of horizontal beds and 4

inclined beds
CO5 Measure attitude and thickness of beds from geological maps. 5

CO6 Construct litho sections and biostratigraphic charts from given data 6

Expt. No. Title of Experiment

1 Construction of litholog from the given data.

2 Construction of various biostratigraphic charts from the given data
3 Identification of geological features by correlating the lithologs.

4 Study of geological maps with a series of horizontal beds.

5 Study of geological maps with a conformable series.

6 Study of geological maps with a conformable series.

7 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one vertical dyke.

8 Study of geological maps with two conformable series.

9 Study of geological maps with two conformable series.

10 Study of geological maps with a conformable series with one vertical fault.

11 Structural Problems I- involving hill slope (hill slope given/ hill slope to be
determined), true dip, true thickness, true width of outcrop and vertical thickness of
the bed.

12 Revision

[25]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-270 World of Fossils Credits:02

Hours:30
(OE-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe various processes involved in the formation of fossils. 1
CO2 Explain significance of fossils in the interpretation of 2
depositional environments.

CO3 Examine fossils in hand specimens or under microscope. 3

CO4 Classify various types of fossils on the basis of their 4

morphological features.
CO5 Compare fossils belonging to various phyla. 5
CO6 Prepare a report on fossil samples collected during the study tour. 6

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I A. Introduction to Palaeontology 15

Palaeontology: Definition, branches, Importance and scope.

Fossils: Definition, conditions and modes of preservation of
fossils, Techniques used in collection (Spot and channel),
preservation and illustration of mega fossils, Uses and
Importance of fossils.
Origin and evolution of life over geological time.
Mass extinction: Causes and evidence
Concepts of organic evolution.
(Definition, Evidence of evolution, Macro & Micro evolution,
Darwinism, Lamarckism & Mutation).
Vertebrate Palaeontology: Human evolution and overview
Introduction to anthropology and archaeology:

II B) Invertebrate Palaeontology: 15
Systematic position, morphology of hard parts, geological
and geographical distribution of the following:

Phylum Mollusca:
Class Lamellibranchia or Bivalvia:
Class Gastropoda:
Class Cephalopoda
Phylum Brachiopoda:
Morphology of hard parts of Class Articulata and Inarticulata.

[26]
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Arthropoda: Class Trilobita
Phylum Coelenterata: Class Anthozoa
C) Ichnology: classification and significance

D) Introduction to Micropalaeontology: Different

branches of Micropalaeontology, uses of microfossils,
Field and Laboratory Techniques
Study of the following microfossils: (with respect to their
morphology, environmental and paleo-ecological
significance) Foraminifers, Ostracods, Diatoms and
Radiolarian, Pollens and spores.

References:
1. Woods, H., 1958, Text Book of Palaeontology
(Invertebrate), Cambridge University Press, UK.
2. Clarkston E.N.K., 1998, Invertebrate Palaeontology and
Evolution, 4th Edition, Wiley – Blackwell, 468p.
3. Brasier, M.D., 2011, Microfossils, Chapman & Hall,
193p.
4. Remer: Vertebrate Palaeontology.
5. Text- book of Palaeontology, (2022-23) Paperback,P C
Jain and M. S. Anatharaman

[27]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-280 Techniques in Sedimentology Credits:02

Hours:30
(VSC-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe various techniques in sedimentology. 1
CO2 Discuss the systematic approach to field log preparation. 2
CO3 Interpret granulometric and paleocurrent data. 3

CO4 Analyse the given sedimentological data. 4

CO5 Evaluate the sedimentological data to determine depositional 5

environment and source area.
CO6 Prepare and validate the given sedimentological data by using 6
bivariant and multivariant plots.

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Field Techniques in Sedimentology - I 15
Systematic sampling, Field data collection and preparation of
lithologs

II Lab Techniques in Sedimentology – II 15

Granulometric analysis, graphical representation and
interpretation of grain size data,
Provenance studies by Heavy Mineral, Modal and Geochemical
analyses, graphical representation and interpretation
Paleocurrent analysis, graphical representation and
interpretation.
References:
1. Tucker, M. E. (1988) Techniques in Sedimentology,
Blackwell Scientific Publications,Boston

2. Tucker, M. E. (2011) Sedimentary Rocks in the Field: A

Practical Guide, Wiley-Blackwell
3. Nichols Gary (2009) Sedimentology and Stratigraphy,
Wiley-Blackwell

[28]
 S. Y. B. Sc. Semester-IV

GLY-290 Gemmology Credits:02

Hours:30
(SEC-Theory)
Course Outcomes (COs) Bloom’s
On completion of the course, the students will be able to: cognitive
level
CO1 Describe the attributes of gemstones 1
CO2 Discuss the use of different gem instruments in identification of the 2
gemstones
CO3 Examine the treatments used in the gemstones to enhance their 3
attributes
CO4 Compare various gemstones based on their physical and optical 4
properties.
CO5 Discriminate between synthetic and natural gemstones 5
CO6 Organize various gemstones into different groups based on their 6
physical and optical properties

Unit No. Title of Unit and Contents No. of Hours

I Introduction to Gemmology and Gem Species: 15
 Attributes, formation and basic properties of gems
 Gem instruments and their use in gemstone identification
 Causes of colours in gemstones
Description of typical gem species with respect to their varieties
(colour wise), Chemical composition, Crystal system, Physical
and optical properties, Characteristic inclusions and
Geographical Occurrences
II Diamonds, Gem Synthesis, Treatments and Gem 15
Identification:
 Treatments of gemstones and their detection.
 Imitation and composite stones.
 Gem synthesis and distinction between Synthetic and
Natural gemstones.
 Advance Techniques of gem Identification
 Opaque gem varieties.
 Rare gemstones
 Organic gemstones
Diamonds

[29]
References:
1) Anderson B.W (2011) Gem Testing, Read books Ltd.
2) Karanth RV (2000) Gem & gem Industry in India
(Memoir 45), Geological society of India, Bangalore
3) Read, P.G (2005) Gemmology, Elsevier/Butterworth-
Heinemann
Bruton Eric (1978) Diamonds, Chilton Book Company

[30]