1.

(a) The table below gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms or
ions.
Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.
You will need to use the Periodic Table.

(b) Using the data in the table, explain how you can determine whether a particle is an
atom, a negative ion or a positive ion.
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2. The table below gives the composition of six particles which are either atoms or ions.

(a) Which particles are atoms? Explain your choice.

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(b) Which particle is a negative ion and why has this particle got a negative charge?
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(c) Which particles are positive ions?
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(d) Explain why particle A and particle D are isotopes.
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3. The table gives the composition of three particles.

(a) What is the evidence in the table for each of the following?
(i) Particle A is an atom.
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(ii) They are all particles of the same element.
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(iii) Particle B is a negative ion.
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(iv) Particles A and C are isotopes.
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(b) (i) What is the electronic structure of particle A?
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(ii) What is the valency of the element?
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(iii) Is the element a metal or a non-metal? Give a reason for your choice.
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4.Vanadium is a transition element.

(a) An atom of the most common isotope of vanadium can be represented as

，Complete the following table to show the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in
each particle.

5.Cobalt is an element in Period 4 of the Periodic Table.

(a) Use your copy of the Periodic Table to help you complete the table below.
(b)60Co is a cobalt isotope.
(i) Explain the term isotope.
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(ii) Explain why two isotopes of the same element have identical chemical properties.
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6.Zirconium (Zr) is a metal in Period 5. Its main oxidation state is +4.
(a) The following are all zirconium atoms:

In terms of numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons, how are these three atoms the
same and how are they different?
They are the same because .............................................................................................
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They are different because ...............................................................................................
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7. Complete the following table which gives the number of protons, electrons and
neutrons in each of the five particles.

8. The symbols of six particles are shown below.

Na+ Ca2+ Kr P Si O2–
Select from the list of particles to answer the following questions. A particle may be
selected
once, more than once or not at all.
(i) Which two ions have the same electronic structure? ..................................................
(ii) Which ion has the same electronic structure as an atom of argon? .............................
(iii) Which atom can form an ion of the type X3– ? ...............................................................
(iv) Which atom can form a hydride which has a formula of the type XH4 ? ........................

(b) (i) How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in one copper( II ) ion ?

number of protons .....................

number of neutrons .....................
number of electrons .....................

(ii) represents an atom of scandium.

How many nucleons and how many charged particles are there in one atom of
scandium?
number of nucleons .....................
number of charged particles .....................

(c) Two different atoms of sodium are

(i) Explain why these two atoms are isotopes.

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(ii) is radioactive. It changes into an atom of a different element which has one more

proton. Identify this element.

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(iii) State two uses of radioactive isotopes.
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9.Protons, neutrons and electrons are subatomic particles.

(a) Complete the table to show the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, a
neutron and an electron.

(b) Bromine has two isotopes.

(i) Define the term isotope.
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(ii) Explain why the two isotopes of bromine have the same chemical properties.
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(c) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms and
ions. Complete the table.
10.(a) (i) Define the term atomic number.
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(ii) Define the term nucleon number.
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(b) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or
ions.
Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

11. This question is about atoms, ions and isotopes.

(a) Define the term nucleon number.
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(b) Give the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.
Na ........................................................................................................................................
P3– ........................................................................................................................................
(c) State one medical use of radioactive isotopes.
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(d) What is meant by the term relative atomic mass?
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(e) Suggest why the relative atomic mass of chlorine is not a whole number.
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12. The table gives information about five particles. The particles are all atoms or ions.

Answer the following questions using the information in the table.

Each particle may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) Which particle, A, B, C, D or E,
(i) is an atom with atomic number 12,
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(ii) is an atom with nucleon number 14,
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(iii) is an ion with a positive charge,
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(iv) has only one electron in its outer shell?
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(b) D is an ion of an element.
Identify the element and write the formula of D.
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13. The table shows the composition of four atoms or ions, A, B, C and D.

(i) What is the atomic number of A?

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(ii) What is the nucleon number of B?
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(iii) Which of A, B, C and D are isotopes of each other?
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(iv) Which of A, B, C and D are atoms?
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(v) Which of A, B, C and D are positive ions?
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(c) Complete the table.

14.Flerovium, Fl, atomic number 114, was first made in research laboratories in 1998.
(a) Flerovium was made by bombarding atoms of plutonium, Pu, atomic number 94, with
atoms of element Z.
● The nucleus of one atom of plutonium combined with the nucleus of one atom of
element Z.
● This formed the nucleus of one atom of flerovium.
Suggest the identity of element Z.
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(b) In which period of the Periodic Table is flerovium?
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(c) Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of flerovium.
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(d) Two isotopes of flerovium are 286Fl and 289Fl. The nuclei of both of these isotopes are
unstable and emit energy when they split up.
(i) State the term used to describe isotopes with unstable nuclei.
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(ii) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the
atoms of the isotopes shown.

(e) Only a relatively small number of atoms of flerovium have been made in the
laboratory and the properties of flerovium have not yet been investigated.
It has been suggested that flerovium is a typical metal.
(i) Suggest two physical properties of flerovium.
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest one chemical property of flerovium oxide.
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15 (a)29Al is a radioactive isotope of aluminium. The only non-radioactive isotope of

aluminium is 27Al.
(i) Describe, in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, how the isotopes 29Al and 27Al
are similar and how they are different.
how they are similar ............................................................................................................
how they are different .........................................................................................................

16. Magnesium, calcium and strontium are Group II elements.

(a) Complete the table to show the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom.

(b) Describe how the arrangement of electrons in a strontium atom is:

(i) similar to the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom
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(ii) different from the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom.
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