.

INTRODUCTION

- mountains,
- India is the large plateaus, plains,
country valley and the
costal plains

- Influence on the
river system,
climate, natural
- Variety of land vegetation, land
forms use, agriculture,
transport,
distribution of
population
 - The - The
4 major Northern Coastal
divisions Plains Plains and
Islands
- The - The
Northern Peninsular
Mountains Plateau
 - Have highest
- Extend as a peak, deep valleys
- Comprises of continuous chain and gorges –
Himalayas along the northern narrow valley
boundary of India between two hills,
glaciers- ice of
snow, passes etc

- Young fold - Highest mountain

mountains rages in the world
 .

- Mountains
extend from the
Indus gorge to in - Broader in the - - steep slopes
the west - west and narrow towards India –
Brahmaputra in the east South
gorge in the east
for 2400 kms

The width varies - Cover the area - Gentle slopes

from 240 to 320 about 5 lakh KM2 towards Tibet –
Kms North
 - Three parallel
ranges:

- Siwalik - The
hills Greater
Himalayas

- Lesser Himalayas
 - They are the
inner most
continuous and the
highest ranges - Average height of
the range is 6100 mts
 PEAKS

- Mt. Everest - Makulu – Manasalu –

- 8848 mts 8481mts 8156mts

- - Dhaulagiri – - Nandadevi
Kanchenjunga 8172 mts – 7816 mts
– 8559 mts
 .

- Covers snow
through out the - These ranges
year are called
Himadri
 .

glaciers Yamunotri

-
Gangotri
- Bruzil,
lozi- la,
Shipkila
etc
Trans Himalayas

- The mountain - Where the

lying north highest peak
west of K2 or Mount
Himadri- Trans Godwin Austin
Himalayas – 8611m is
located.

They comprises - It is the

of Karakoram highest peak
range in India.
 THE LESSER HIMALAYAS

- These ranges
are located to - Width – 60
the south of to 80 KMs
the greater
Himalayas

- They are - Height –

known as 1500 to 4500
Himachal mts
- Eastern part is covered with the
forest
.
- There are many parallel ranges
in the lesser Himalayas

- Pirpanjal

- The Dhaula Dhar

The Naga Tiba

The Mussorie

The Mahabharat

The Darjling ranges

 .

- valleys
– low - Kangra
land Valley
region

- Kashmir - Kulu
Valley Valley
Important hill stations .
- Shimla

- Raniket

- Mussorie

Nainital

Darjeeling
 THE SHIWALIK HILLS
- They are the outer
most range or foot - They are known as
hills located to the the outer Himalayas
South of the main
Himalayas

- Lowest range of the - Height - 600to

Himalayas 1500 mts

- width- 15 – 150km
 extension
.
- Jammu and Kashmir in the west

- Arunachal Pradesh in the East

- They have flat bottom ,

structured valley, which is known
as Doons

- Dehradoon
 IMPORTACE OF THE HIMALAYAS

- Natural frontier

- Prevent foreign invasion • .

- Prevent the cold wind from the central Asia

- Obstruct the rain bearing winds this cause the heavy rainfall

- Slopes have thick forest and are ideal for plantation crops

- Store house of minerals

- Birth place of many rivers and water falls used to generate hydro electric power
 THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS

- Lies between - It is formed by the

Himalayas and the depositional work of the - It is the largest alluvial
peninsular plateau of three river systems – the track extending east to
India Sutlej, the Ganga, the west
Brahmaputra

- Length – 2500kms - Width – 240 to 340 Covers the area of 7

kms lakh km square

- Plain is very flat Rocks are not exposed

on the surface
 IMPORTANCE

- suitable for - It has perennial

irrigation and rivers and vast fertile
agriculture alluvial soil

- Its level land - useful for

supports a network of industrialisation,
road, railway and urbanization and
means of trade
communication

- Number of pilgrim
centers are located
here.
 The Peninsular Plateau

Its apex is
- largest - Part of the - Occupies formed by
physical Gondawan about 16 lakh cape
division of land Km square Kanyakumari
India in the southern
extremity

- Oldest land - Lies in the It is roughly

mass South of the triangular in
great plains shape
 .

- It is bounded by many
hills and plateaus -

- Aravalli, Vindyas,
Satpura, Western
Ghats, Chotanagpur
range, Deccan plateau,
Malwa Plateau etc
 THE ARAVALLI RANGE

- Oldest fold mountain- - Guru Shikara is the

lies to north west highest peak on the Abu
hills of the Aravalli range

- The Satpura range runs

- The Vindyan range in an east west direction
flanks the northern edge south of the Vindyas
to the Narmada Valley between the Narmada
and the Tapi river.
 - Continuous range
running parallel to the - They are known as
west coast of India Sahyadris
from the Tapi valley to
Kanyakumari

- Steep on the western

side and gentle on the
eastern side.
Important passes .

- Borghat

-Talghat

- Palghat
- South of the Palghat
Gap the western .
ghats continue as the
Annamalai, Palani
and cardamom hills.

- The highest peak in

South India is
Anamudi- Anaimalai
hills 2695 m
 - Extension – Mahanadi
Valley in the North
- Runs almost parallel to towards the Nilgiri hills in
the east coast of India the south where they
joined to the Western
Ghats

- Lower than the western - Not continuous

ghats

- Highest peak is
Armakonda
 The Deccan Plateau

- Bounded Satpura - western ghats in the

and Vindyas – North west
west

- eastern ghats in the - Mahadev and

east Maikal range in the
north

- Chota Nagpur
plateau lies in the
northern eastern part
of the peninsular
 Importance of the Peninsular plateau

- rich in minerals - thick forest - bio diversity

- birth place of many

- influences the south useful for agriculture – south Indian rivers-
west monsoon covered with black useful for the
soil generation of hydro
electricity

- hill stations - Ooty

 COASTAL PLAINS

- the Peninsular
Plateau in India
bordered by coastal
plains on either sides.

- it extends Rann of
Kutch in the west to
the delta of the
Ganga in the east.
 Two parts of the coastal pains

- Western
Coastal Plain - Eastern
Coastal Plain
The Western Coastal Plains

- lies
between - it is narrow,
western steep and
ghats and rocky
Arabian Sea

- extends
from Rann of
Kutch to
Kanyakumari
 Division

- Konkan
Coast – lies to - Malabar
the South of Coast –
the Gujarat Mangaluru to
Plain - extends Kanyakumari
Daman to Goa

- Karnataka
Coast- extends
from Goa to
Mangaluru
- Extended the north
of river
Subarnarekha(
flows through
Jharkhand, West
Bengal and Odisha)
to Kanyakumari

- Lies between
eastern ghats and
Bay of Bengal
 .
- South
Indian rivers - Godavari Kaveri
formed a
delta

- Mahanadi - Krishna
 Division of the Eastern Coastal plains

Northern Circar :
- Lies to the north of river
Krishna
Coromandal Coast:

- South part of river Krishna

- Lagoons (Shallow body of water)
are found in the coastal plains -

- lakes:

- Lake Chilka

- Lake Pulicate

Lake Kolleru
 IMPORTANCE OF THE COASTAL PLAINS
- Providing natural - kandla, Mumbai,
harbour which help Marmagoa, Kochi,
in carrying on Vishakhpttanam,
foreign trade Kolkata

- Useful for fishing, Tourist attractions -

ship building, Many beaches are
agriculture and found along the
production of salt. coast

- backwater-(
Fresh River Water)
is useful for
navigation
 Islands in India

- 204 are in Bay

247 islands of Bengal –
Andaman and
Nicobar Islands

- 43 are in
Arabian sea- - Formed by
Lakshadweep corals
Islands