DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC TEMPRATURE

CONTROLLED CEILING FAN

CARRIED OUT BY:

UKPEBOR SAMUEL ECHEZONA

(COT/4982/2018)

SUPERVISOR

ENGR. OGBEKHIULU.

A REPORT SUBMITTED TO

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

(COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY)

FEDERAL UNIVERSIY OF PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN, DELTA STATE

IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.Eng.) IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

JULY, 2024

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that UKPEBOR SAMUEL ECHEZONA of the department of

Electrical/Electronic Engineering with Matric number COT/4982/2018 hereby declare that this

project will be carried out under the supervision of Engr.OGBEKHIULU

……………………………….. ………………………

Name of Student Signature and Date

………………………………… ………………………

Name of Project Supervisor Signature and Date

 INTRODUCTION

The development of an automatic temperature-controlled ceiling fan represents a significant

advancement in home automation technology, aiming to enhance comfort and energy efficiency

in residential and commercial environments. Traditional ceiling fans operate at a constant speed

regardless of the surrounding temperature, often resulting in inefficient energy use and higher

electricity bills. This project addresses these issues by introducing a system that automatically

adjusts the fan speed based on ambient temperature.

Electric fans are ubiquitous in homes and offices due to their cost-effectiveness and low power

consumption. However, their manual operation limits their efficiency and convenience. In recent

years, various studies and projects have explored the integration of automatic temperature

control systems in different applications, demonstrating the benefits of such technology. For

example, automatic temperature controllers have been applied in multielement array

hyperthermia systems, fluid dynamics, transport airplanes, tunnel microwave heating systems,

and semiconductor lasers.

One notable project by Hossam et al. (2014) utilized a microcontroller and a temperature sensor

(LM35) to control fan speed based on temperature variations. Although effective, this system

lacked an LCD display to show the current system status. Gavish et al. (2012) presented a fan

speed control system using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based on room temperature,

simplifying the autonomous control of fan speed. Scaradozzi et al. (2003) discussed automated

systems that include home appliances controlled by various physical variables like temperature

and light intensity, aiming to improve overall performance ( Hossam, 2014; Scaradozzi,2003;

Gavish,2012).
Other related works include Bluetooth-based automated appliance systems by Sriskanthan et al.

(2002), which reduced physical wiring through wireless communication, and a Smart Device

Controller by Katole et al. (2013) capable of controlling multiple electronic devices with simple

hand gestures. Surabhi et al. (2015) proposed a microcontroller-based system for controlling the

speed of a DC fan using PWM, addressing issues of improper temperature control in homes and

industries.

This project builds on these foundations, proposing an innovative solution for an automatic

temperature-controlled ceiling fan. The system leverages a microcontroller, temperature sensors,

and mobile app integration to provide real-time temperature monitoring and control. This

enhances user convenience, energy efficiency, and accessibility, particularly benefiting disabled

individuals who may find manual fan control challenging.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Traditional ceiling fans continue to operate at a constant speed regardless of the surrounding

temperature. This can result in: Inefficient energy use, particularly in cooler weather. Higher

electricity bills due to unnecessary operation ..Manual intervention needed to turn the fan on or

off, or adjust its speed. Lack of automated temperature regulation within the room .To address

these issues, this project proposes an automatic temperature-controlled ceiling fan system.

advantages of such a system are less energy usage, and provides more convenient to the

consumers(Vaibhav 2013).
 AIM

The aim of this project is the Design and Construction of an Automatic Temperature Controlled

Ceiling Fan.

OBJECTIVES

1.To Control the Speed of a Fan Regulator According to Temperature

● Install a Temperature Sensor: Place a temperature sensor in the room to continuously

monitor ambient temperature.

● Program the Microcontroller: Use a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino ) to read data from the

temperature sensor and determine appropriate fan speed.

● Design and Build the Circuit: Create a circuit that includes a relay to adjust the fan speed

based on the microcontroller's input.

2.To Use a Mobile App to Know the Current Temperature and humidity and Turn On and

Off the Fan

● Design the User Interface: Develop a user-friendly app interface that displays the current

temperature and allows for fan control.

● Implement Communication Protocols: Enable data exchange between the mobile app and

the microcontroller using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

● Develop App Features: Include real-time temperature monitoring, fan control (on/off and

speed adjustment), and manual override options in the app.

By following these steps, the project aims to achieve its objectives systematically,

ensuring the successful development and implementation of an automatic temperature-

 controlled ceiling fan system that enhances energy efficiency, user convenience, and

overall comfort.

METHODOLOGY

1. System Design and Component Selection

Appropriate temperature sensor (DHT11), humidity sensor (DHT22), microcontroller (Arduino),

relay module, and other necessary electronic components like resistors, capacitors, and power

supply units will be selected for the project. A Design schematic for the circuit that integrates the

temperature sensor, microcontroller, and fan speed control module will be made.

2.Arduino Programming

Algorithm used for fan speed:

1. Set T=0 and fanSpeed=0

2. T=getTemp ()

3. Now compare the value of T with range of temperatures and set the fanSpeed according to that

a) if T <0C

fanSpeed = 0% //Zero

b) if T =>0C and T <=10C

fanSpeed = 25% //Slow

c) if T>10C and T <=20C

fanSpeed = 50% //Medium

d) if T>20C and T <=30C

fanSpeed = 75% //Fast

c) if T>30C and T <=40C

fanSpeed = 100% //Very Fast

f) if T >40C

fanSpeed = 100% //Very Fast

4. Mobile App Development

● Platform Selection: Choose a suitable platform (e.g., MIT App Inventor, Android

Studio) for developing the mobile app.

● UI Design: Design an intuitive and user-friendly interface that displays current

temperature readings and allows users to control the fan

● Feature Integration: Develop features for real-time temperature monitoring, fan control

(on/off and speed adjustment), and manual override options.4.4 Communication Protocol

Implementation: Implement Wi-Fi or Bluetooth communication to enable data exchange

between the app and the microcontroller.

 ● Testing and Optimization: Test the app for functionality and user experience, and

optimize as needed.

5. System Integration and Testing

● Component Integration: Integrate the hardware (temperature sensor, humidity

sensor,microcontroller, relay module) with the mobile app.

● System Testing: Conduct thorough testing in a controlled environment to ensure the

system operates as expected, adjusting fan speed based on ambient temperature and

responding to app commands.

● Calibration: Calibrate the system to ensure accurate temperature readings and

appropriate fan speed adjustments..

6. Final Assembly and Deployment

Assemble the final version of the controller unit, including protective housing and aesthetic

considerations.Deploy the system in a real-world setting, providing user training and support as

needed.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY REGULATION

The fan will regulate within the following ranges:

Temperature: 10°C to 40°C

Humidity:30% to 60%
According to international standards, these ranges provide a comfortable environment for most

residential and commercial settings. The system aims to maintain these conditions to optimize

comfort and energy efficiency.

RESULTS AND EVALUATION

The temperature and humidity sensor senses the temperature and the data is displayed on the

mobile app. The speed of the fan is controlled by Pulse Width Modulation technique according

to the temperature sensed. process analog signals using a digital converter.

The microcontroller used has inbuilt Pulse Width Modulation module which is used to control

the speed of the fan by changing the duty cycle. According to the readings from the temperature

sensor duty cycle is changed automatically thus controlling fan speed. Table 1 shows the

relationship

S/N Temperature(degree celsus) Duty circle Speed

1 Less than 0 0 Zero

2 0-10 25 Slow

3 10-20 50 Medium

4 20-30 75 Fast

5 30-40 100 Very fast

6 Greater than 40 100 Very fast

Table 1
The 0 percent duty cycle shows low speed, 25 percent duty cycle shows slow speed and medium

speed is shown by 50 percent duty cycle, 75 percent duty cycle shows fast speed and very fast

shows 100 percent duty cycle.

Figure 1: Temperature in degree celscus vs duty cycle

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Temp/
Power source humidity Arduino FAN
sensor

Mobile app
interface

Figure 2: Architecture diagram

 FLOWCHART OF THE SYSTEM

The logical representation of the software code has been presented in the flowchart form. Fig 9

shows the flowchart of the logic implemented in the modeled system. The temperature is read

from the temperature sensor and the condition is checked and the following processes are done:
1. When temperature is greater than zero and less than 10 degree Celsius, the fan speed is slow.

2. When temperature is greater than 10 and less than 20 degree Celsius, the fan speed is medium.

3. When temperature is greater than 20 and less than 30 degree Celsius, the fan speed is fast.

4. When temperature is greater than 30 and less than 40 degree Celsius, the fan speed is very

fast.

5. When temperature is less than zero degree Celsius, the fan stops.
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This project involves the design, construction, and implementation of an automatic temperature-

controlled ceiling fan system, utilizing a mobile app for enhanced functionality. The system is

applicable in both home and industrial settings, helping to save energy and reduce electricity

consumption by automatically adjusting fan speed based on ambient temperature. It is capable of

monitoring environments that are uncomfortable or inaccessible for humans to observe for

extended periods.

The system aims to prevent energy waste by ensuring the fan operates only when necessary,

enhancing energy efficiency. It assists disabled individuals by automatically adjusting fan speed,

eliminating the need for manual intervention. Future enhancements include the potential to

monitor additional parameters such as humidity and light levels, providing comprehensive

environmental control. The system can also transmit monitored data to remote locations via

mobile networks or the internet, enabling remote monitoring and control.

By implementing this scope of work, the project aims to develop a comprehensive and adaptable

temperature-controlled fan system that enhances energy efficiency, user convenience, and

accessibility, while also laying the groundwork for future technological advancements and

applications.

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